4 fabdo - sus pvmt design runways taxiways
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Concrete Airport Pavement Workshop, October 27-28, 2010
Sustainable Pavement Designs for
Fares Y. Abdo, P.E.
Market Manager, Pavements
Portland Cement Association
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Presentation Outline
avemen s anSustainability
emen - rea e
Bases
Standard and Non-
Sections
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What is sustainable development?
Development that meets the needs of theDevelopment that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their ownf future generations to meet their own
needs. World Commission on Environment and
Developments Report Our Common Future Oxford University Press,
198987).
Paradigm shift
We have not inherited the world from our
forefathers -- we have borrowed it from our
hildhildren ancient proverb
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Sustainability(Thomas Olson-The Pittsburgh Tribune, 10/24/10)
What Exactly is Sustainability?Sustainability is not an exact science
The concept of sustainability seems to beas the
It's increasingly embedded in business, government
an e sew ere
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Sustainable Strategies
v y y
Use of In-Situ Materials
Recycling and Waste Reduction
Reduced Energy Use
Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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ss on r ca oncre e unwaysMajority of Airports in U.S. were built durin
WII using concrete
Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Miami, WashingtonNational, and more are 60+ years old
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avement Sustainability Rating systems
rating system
Pavement rating systems
. GreenLITES
ASCE (under development)
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e Future of Pavement SustainabilityGreenroadsreenroads
State DOTs
RatingSystem
RatingSystem
1
FHWA
ASTM
RatingSystem
ASTM
ASCE/APWA/ACEC
FAA; Others?
Agency
Specifications
Eventually, the influence of rating systems will diminish as
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ement-Based Pavement Materials-
Concrete
ConcretePervious
Concrete
AASoil-Cementn
t
Econocrete
P-306
- rea eubbase
01 &
304
Cement-
Treated
Base
entCont
Cement-Modified
Full-Depth
Reclamation
C
em
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finition
ment-Treated Base an intimate mixture of
tive and/or manufactured aggregates witheasured amounts of portland cement (and
ssibly other cementitious materials) and
ter that hardens after compaction and curing
form a strong durable paving material
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t materials can be treated with cement?
Soils (sand, silt, clay)
Shale
rus e s one Slag
Recycled HMA
Recycled concrete
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hy Use CTB?
Decreased base thickness compared tounbound aggregate base
Structural properties maintained under varying
moisture conditions
Hi h stiffness inhibits fati ue crackin and
rutting of asphalt surface
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AA Base/Subbase Approved Materials
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urpose o ase u ase ourses(FAA AC 150/5320-6E)
Flexible pavements
Base
Asphalt
Distribute the loads to the
Base
Subbase
(Req. if CBR
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mproved Performance in Rutting and Fatigue CrackingP P
Cement-Treated Base
Unstabilized Granular Base
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urpose o ase u ase ourses(FAA AC 150/5320-6E)Flexible pavements
Base
Asphalt
Distribute the loads to the
Base
Subbase
(Req. if CBR
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FAA AC 150/5320-6E Flexible Pavement Design
B C M G L dm Base Course Max. Gross Load,
lbs.
,
9 Crushed Aggregate Base 100,000
1 Lime Rock Base N A
9 Recycled Concrete Aggregate Base 100,000
4 Cement Treated Base N/A
6 Econocrete Subbase N/A
1 Plant Mix Bituminous Pavements N/A
3 HMA Base N A
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FAA AC 150/5320-6E Flexible Pavement Design
S bb C
1
F P im Subbase Course
1
Frost Penetrating
Subbase
0 Caliche Base Course
2 Shell Base Course
3 Sand Clay Base Course X
1 Soil Cement Base Course X
terials acceptable for base course can also be used for subbase course
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FAA AC 150/5320-6E Rigid Pavement Design
S bb C M G L dm Subbase Course Max. Gross Load,
lbs.
Subbase Course 100 000Requires quality
Aggregate Base Course 100,000
Crushed Aggregate Base Course 100,000
aggregates or
crushed
concrete
meeting same
Lime Rock Base Course 100,000
Soil Cement Base Course 100,000
requirements
Econocrete Subbase Course N/APlant Mix Bituminous Pavements N/A
HMA Base Course N A
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Engineering Properties of CTB
P
1
FAA P 301 FAA P 304 PCA CTBroperty
1
FAA P-301
(Soil Cement)
FAA P-304
(CTB)
PCA CTB
Compressive N/A2 Under PCC: 300 min.;
gth, psi 500 min.; 1000 max.
Under HMA:
750 min.; 1000 max.
800 max.
ic Modulus, ksi 250 500 600-1000
ons Ratio 0.20 0.20 0.15
efer to FAA AC 150/5320-6E for durability requirements
AA recommendations for P-301 are based on wet-dry and freeze-thaw testsnd strength should increase with age
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x n e o s
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ixing Methods
Two methods Plant Mix
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lant MixCentral
Concrete
Batch Plant
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FAA P-304
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oad Mix
In-situ or mixed in place materials
Applicable for
FAA P-301 but
ot P-304 unless
variance is
granted)
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oad Mix
Spread cement
necessary and mix
ra e an compacCure
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oa xThen
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oa xnd now
Why cant use this
ethod to build FAA Pthod to build FAA P-
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nt vs. Road Mix Considerations
FAA P-304 spec includes plant mix only
ua y o n-s u ma er a s
Cost
Haul distances: material sources, plant, jobsite
Design thickness (one or multiple lifts)
Sustainable considerations (Reduce, Reuse andRecycle)
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Applications
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ere are stabilized materials used?ow vo ume roa ways
Residential streets
Interstate highways
Parking lots
Port facilities
In other words
an avement structure!
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ashington Dullesr ort Runwa 4 2008
18 PCC w/
owelled transverse
j i t t 20 ftoints at 20 ft
6 CTB, 6% cement
12 Cement-
Stabilized Subgrade,
5% cement
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ashington Dullesr ort Runwa 4
Runway 4 completed in 2008
Runway 12 was completed in2004
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Ex Hub at Allianceport, Fort Worth,
Taxiway & Ramp
1997
14 PCC
Taxiway & Ramp
Truck Terminal &
C t i St g4 PCC Container Storage
9 CTB
10 JRCP
9 Cement-Treated 6 Cement-Treated
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Ex Hub at Alliance Airport, Fort Worth, TX
0-yr design lifeomp e e n
30,000 yd2
ement-treated subgrade
7 % cement, 250 psi,reduced PI from 38 to lessthan 12
750 psi at 28 days
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W SE Perimeterxiwa 2008irst perimeter taxiway in U.S.
uilt for safety and to reduce
18 CRCP
18 CRCP
12 CTB
12 Lime-Treated
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W SE Perimeteriwayompleted in 2008
25,000 yd
2
uilding the remaining 3 loops
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iedman Memorialrport, Hailey, Idaho
Single asphalt runway
serving the airport
7,500 ft long runway.
6 900 ft needed rehab
Priority No. 1:
shutdown time ons ruc on me
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iedman Memorial Airport Runway, Hailey, Idaho
airport in 10 years
ree approve
methods considered but
30 days (fastest
construction was estimated
at 48 days)
Courtesy of T-O Engineers
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FAA
dman Memorial Airport Runway, Hailey, IdahoFDRAA FAA
Standard
HMA
Option
HMAHMA
Alternate Alternate 2
Crushed -
Stone Base
6
Crushed-
HMA
14.5
FDR
12
Stone Base14
Subbase
5
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dman Memorial Airport Runway, Hailey, Idaho
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iedman Memorial Airport Runway, Hailey, Idaho
Constructed within contract time in 2007
1 million in construction savin s
Reduced use of virgin materials from quarries
Eliminated about 4,000 truck trips
Reduced material dis osal
Reduced fuel use, air emissions, traffic
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Dauphin Island Airport, Alabama
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uphin Island,
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uphin Island, AL
istress
Ravelin Severe
cracking
Mild basefailure
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uphin Island, AL
igh water
able
Courtes of Volkert
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uphin Island Runway Repair Options
Remove and Replace
Full Depth Reclamation
=
Repair base
.
Cement = 45 Lbs./
Place 4 asphaltwearing surface
. . Place 3.5 asphalt
wearing surface
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uphin Island,
Courtesy of Volkert
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auphin Island, ALene s o p on
Reduced construction time Higher pavement strength
Conservations of virgin materials and energy
savings
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Atlanta Airport Apron Project, 2010
6
8
1
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FAA
nta Airport Apron Section
As
ndard
Constructed
C (P-501)
20 PCC (P-501)
Courtesy of J A Long, Inc.
conocrete
P-306)
il-Cement
)
9 Cement-Treaded
Subgrade; 600 psi
at 7 days
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ore n orma on