4. adaptations
TRANSCRIPT
SQA HIGHER BIOLOGY
Animal and Plant Adaptations
SQA HIGHER BIOLOGY
Unit 2: Genetics and Adaptation
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Maintaining a Water Balance
PlantsThe transpiration stream.Stomatal mechanism.Adaptations in xerophytes and hydrophytes.
AnimalsOsmoregulation in freshwater fish and saltwater
bony fish.Adaptations associated with salmon and eel
migration.Water conservation in a desert mammal.
SQA HIGHER BIOLOGY
Water Balance in Plants
Why do plants need to maintain a water balance?Why do plants need water?
What is transpiration?How does water enter the root?What is root pressure?What is capillarity?Where does water exit the plant?Explain the cohesion-tension theory.
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Transpiration
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Transpiration
How are mineral ions absorbed and transported through the plant?
Represent the process of transpiration as a flow chart. E.g.
Water enters root hair cell by osmosis.
Water diffuses through epidermis
to cortex.
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Stomata
Describe the distribution of stomata.Describe the mechanism of stomatal
opening and closing.
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Investigating Stomata
Investigating opening and closing of stomata using Commelina communisDescribe the method.What factors would need to be kept the same?Why is an average calculated?How accurate do you think this experiment is?Describe the expected results.What do these results tell you regarding the
mechanism of stomatal opening and closing?
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Disadvantage
Outline the disadvantages of transpiration to plants.
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Transpiration Rate
How can transpiration rate be measured?What factors can influence the rate of
transpiration?For each explain why.
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Adaptations
Copy and complete the following tables:
Structural Adaptation Explanation Example
Physiological Adaptation Explanation Example
Structural Adaptation Explanation Example
Xerophytes: Definition…
Hydrophytes: Definition…
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Water Balance in Animals
Define the term adaptation.How do adaptations come about?Outline the three types of adaptation.
StructuralPhysiologicalBehavioural
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Aquatic Animals
What problems to aquatic animals face?What is osmoregulation?What particular problems to freshwater fish
face?What particular problems to saltwater fish
face?
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Freshwater Fish
Describe the adaptations of freshwater fish
to deal with these problems.
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Saltwater Fish
Describe the adaptations of
saltwater fish to deal with these
problems.
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Aquatic Animals
Why are the osmoregulation mechanisms of the Atlantic Salmon & Eel special?
Summarise the life cycle of an Atlantic salmon as a flowchart.
How do migratory fish alter their osmoregulation to suit the environment?
What advantage does this adaptation convey to the organism?
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Desert Mammals
What selection pressures are desert mammals faced with?
Summarise the kangaroo rat’s water balance as two pie charts.
Describe the physiological and behavioural adaptations of the kangaroo rat.
Explain what is meant by ‘modification of a response by an individual’.