More than a whitepaper 3

Introduction 4

The problem we solve 6

The Solution 11

The Business Model 13

Market and Timing 14

Why EngagementTokens 15

Token Mechanics 15

Use of proceeds 16

Token Sale 17

Business Landscape 18

Technology Advantages 22

Team 23

Frequently Asked Questions 26

Appendix 31

More than a whitepaper

This is not your typical whitepaper. SolidOpinion has already passed most milestones

normally laid out by papers you might have read. The company was founded in January

2013 and is already a successfully operating venture with:

4 Million+ Users

200 Million+ monthly views of the Engagement Platform

A digital currency with more than 100,000 monthly transactions

Top tier client sites, such as the L.A. Times, Chicago Tribune, and Baltimore Sun

$7.7 Million in funding from both Venture Capital and Publishers

Successful executives with several $100MM exits

Seasoned development team in place

Introduction

IntroductionSolidOpinion’s Engagement Token introduces the concept of “engagement mining.”

When users interact with content on the SolidOpinion Engagement Platform by leaving

comments, viewing content or voting up content and comments, they generate

engagement (mine it). The value of this engagement is set by the site owners through

rewarding Engagement Tokens (EGTs). Advertisers and users can purchase

engagement in EGT and place their messages within the SolidOpinion publisher

network using a pay per article advertising model. Users that earned EGTs with their

comments, content and engagement activities can then sell these EGTs on exchanges

and receive real remuneration for their efforts.

SolidOpinion has built the infrastructure for an ecosystem of engagement that is created

by users and publishers and rewarded by advertisers. SolidOpinion’s engagement platform

promotes the publisher’s brand and creates new relationships with advertisers,

previously relegated to opaque advertising platform interfaces.

Engagement Mining by Users

Introduction

PPA (Pay-Per-Article Opportunities for Advertisers)

SolidOpinion Engagement Platform

The problem we solve

The problem we solveThe business model of online publishing is badly broken. Newspapers and magazines

especially are still beholden to pre-Internet cost structures, with millions in printing and

staffing costs. These publishers, as well as many other content creators, forfeit their

communities and creative works to advertising conglomerates. Often these ad networks

mask themselves as search engines and social media when they are, in fact, competing for

user engagement with the very publishers they pretend to serve.

Advertising platforms stepped between the longstanding relationships of publishers and their

advertising partners. Algorithms written by companies such as Google and Facebook not

only direct users to their own respective platforms but also control the flow of advertising

budgets - as a result of which less and less ad dollars go to the content creators.

Perhaps even more unfortunate is the fact that current advertising networks do not distin-

guish at all between publishers who have spent decades building a brand and a reputa-

tion and low quality clickbait sites. Most of the advertising is currently based on a retargeting

behavioral model. As long as an advertiser “sees” the user on their page, they follow

that user around the Internet.

SHRINKING PUBLISHER REVENUES. With less than 10% of readers

in English-speaking countries paying for online news in 2016, adver-

tising is still the only sustainable business model for all but a handful

of content creators. But publisher revenues from advertising have

been continuously shrinking year after year. Newspapers and maga-

zines alone have lost more than 65% of their revenues over the past

decade.While 2016 marked an all-time high for online advertising revenues,

it also marked a peak in the concentration of advertising spending,

with 75% of all revenue going to just two ad networks: those

tmainained by Google and Facebook. Publishers, on the other and,

75%

gained almost no revenue. If newspapers and magazines want to

survive, they must adopt new engagement models, now.

The problem we solve

UNTARGETED ADVERTISING. In order to compete with Google, Facebook and data-driven

ad exchanges with re-targeting options, content creators clutter their websites with more

and more legacy banner ads. These untargeted placements are what causes problems in

online advertising. Clicks have been the sole measure of success in display advertising for

years; unfortunately, this was a losing proposition for publishers from the start. Focusing

on clicks instead of engagement or revenue has never worked for publishers and remains

a central problem. At a cost of $10 per thousand impressions marketers are spending

$100 per click. If they get extremely lucky, 10 percent of these 1,000 impressions are from

their target audience. As a result, click-through rates on display hover in the 0.1%-0.2%

range, which means that clicks from target audiences are a valuable and very rare

commodity.

1000 0.1%

$10 10%

While a blanket approach to display advertising might work for a small number of consumer

e-tailers because, for them, anyone might be a potential customer, the odds of most

marketers hitting the set of audiences they can actually sell to with this approach

is very low. This makes spending money for untargeted ad spaces on publisher websites

less and less attractive to advertisers.

The problem we solve

LAGGING CENTRALIZED ADVERTISING SYSTEMS. Ad exchanges, audience segmenta-

tion, complicated behavioral, cross-device user tracking, and opaque cross-party sharing

through data management platforms have lead to centralized ad systems that create

profitable results for search engines and social networks whose page views are in the

billions.

However, the websites of traditional publishers and other content creators have much

lower visitor numbers and therefore require a more fine-tuned approach to creating

relevance and advertising engagement. This approach must consider the specific com-

munity of the publisher and thus engage with relevant content. This is where centralized

advertising systems--which deal in quantity not quality--fall short. Centralized advertising

systems serving ads unrelated to the publisher’s community interests make for a bad

user experience and reduce engagement, return rates, and time on site

MALVERTISEMENT. Legacy online advertising systems are an easy target for spreading

malware, as significant effort is put into them to attract users and sell or advertise prod-

ucts with little consideration for the publishers. Malvertising involves injecting malicious

or malware-laden advertisements into online advertising networks and webpages. It

provides malefactors an opportunity to push their attacks to web users who might not

otherwise see the ads, due to firewalls and other safety measures. In 2016 banking

trojans were distributed to news sites using Google’s advertising network AdSense.

Prominent victims of malvertisement campaigns included the New York Times and

Yahoo, creating lasting damages to the brands.

LOSS OF ENGAGEMENT. In the past publishers maintained direct relationships with their

readership via the distribution of paper products. Motivated readers would engage with

publications by sending letters to the editor, the most relevant of which would reward

the writer by seeing his comment published in one of the next issues. Advertisers bene-

fitted from being included in a publisher’s physical content distribution by reaching an

audience loyal to a limited number of publications. This tight-knit engagement system

enabled a business model which allowed publishers to build profitable companies.

The problem we solve

With the advent of the World Wide Web, news became instantly

available to everybody connected to the Internet. And, while reader

ship increased for most publishers through their online publication, it

drastically reduced physical distribution and with it the publisher’s

ability to direct readers to printed advertising.

LOSS OF USER-GENERATED CONTENT. The top four US online destinations: Google,

YouTube, Facebook and Reddit share one thing in common: they do not generate their

own content but aggregate user-generated content. Often this user-generated content

finds its initial spark in an article created by a paid staff writer of a traditional publication.

So, while newspapers and other serial publications still create most of the quality editorial

content on the World Wide Web, engagement with publisher content has mostly

moved to social networks which monetize this user-generated content (i.e. the user’s

engagement with content) by displaying advertising from their own ad networks and for

their own benefit.

youtube reddit

Websites such as Facebook and Reddit further successfully ‘gamified’ their own plat-

forms, incentivising user behaviors that increase time-on-site and return rates - two of

the most important factors leading to advertising revenues while effectively “borrowing”

content from publishers.

The problem we solve

INEFFECTIVE THIRD PARTY AD NETWORKS. The effectiveness of third party advertising

networks and the ads they are serving has continuously declined over the past ten years.

As networks have been acquired by larger operators, these have favored ad optimization

on their own destination sites. While advertisers on Google, Facebook and other social

media sites are being offered many useful features to increase engagement, advertising

solutions for publishers have mostly been limited to clunky embedded display ads which

slow down publishers’ websites and create bad user experiences - something these ad

network providers would never permit on their own destination sites.

BOUNCE RATES INCREASING. A bounce is a single-page session on a publisher’s web-

site. In Analytics, a bounce is calculated specifically as a session that triggers only a single

request to the Analytics server, such as when a user opens a single page on a website

and then exits without triggering any other requests to the Analytics server within the

same session.Bounce rates increase when sites are slow loading and/or

display an excessive number of (irrelevant) advertising to the

visitor. Publisher websites are often burdened by a large

number of external ad-serving and ad-tracking scripts which

slow down the display of a web page. Additionally, legacy

networks may show ads unrelated to the content the user was

expecting and visually overpower the page, further causing the

reader to leave upon retrieving just one page.

GOING AD BLIND. Because third-party ad networks are easily detected by the most

simple advertising blockers, millions of Internet users no longer see display ads on pub-

lisher websites, a trend which has steadily been increasing while simultaneously reducing

publisher revenues month by month (see graphic below).

The Solution

The SolutionPublishers and advertisers need new engagement models that rekindle the relationship

with readers and enable advertisers to identify suitable audiences.

RE-ENGAGEMENT OF USERS. SolidOpinion’s engagement platform enables publishers

to re-engage with their user base by rewarding content-generation by readers and

allowing user influence over their contributions. Visitors of publisher websites are

rewarded with engagement tokens for subscribing to newsletters, commenting on articles

and many other activities, as designated by the publisher. Readers may use these points to

upvote their own comments or the contributions of other users. This way, users stay

engaged with publishers through notifications of their interactions with content and

other users.

GAMIFICATION AND REWARD SYSTEMS. It is a little known secret, that discussion sites

such as Reddit.com generate 50% higher “time-on-site” numbers among desktop users

than even YouTube. The reason for this retention rate is the gamification built into the

site which allows publishers to reward contributors by using points.

Social media has trained readers to expect instant gratification for engaging with pub-

lished content. Companies such as Facebook have made ‘time-on-site’ their most import-

The Solution

ant key performance indicator, as this KPI has the most success converting visitors into

advertising dollars.

SolidOpion’s engagement platform empowers publishers to utilize the same gamification

mechanism employed by social networks on their own websites. The SolidOpinion

engagement platform combines the best practices of regular commenting sites with

those of pay-per-click advertising by enabling publishers to reward users for engagement

and enabling advertisers to spend their marketing dollars on high-converting

relevant users.

Publishers who install the SolidOpinion software often experience more than 30% higher

engagement and time-on-site within a matter of weeks (see graphic below).

IDENTIFY INFLUENCERS. Influencer marketing (also: influence marketing) is a form of

marketing in which focus is placed on influential people rather than on the target market

as a whole. It identifies the individuals who have influence over potential buyers, and

orients marketing activities around these influencers. The Engagement Platform allows

publishers to easily identify and reward influencers for their contributions to the online

community.

The Business Model

The Business ModelSolidOpinion generates revenue for both the company and its publisher partners by

increasing engagement, and by having both advertisers and users purchase media

opportunities within a pay-per-article (PPA) model.

As with Google’s pay-per-click pricing, PPA pricing is established through a Dutch auction

procedure. The highest bidder for an ad or comment will occupy the top spot until

another bidder pays a higher price. Buyers initially pay the lowest amount but can set a

maximum price that they are willing to pay. Should another buyer enter a new bid, the

initial bid is automatically raised to outbid the new entrant until the initial buyer’s bid

limit is reached.

Market and Timing

Market and TimingAs demonstrated, today’s centralized advertising systems neglect and even exploit pub-

lishers’ and content creators’ work, and are an easy target for ad-blocking solutions. As

PageFair studies show, ad-blocking software is on the rise, and as of 2016 as many as

19% of Internet users in the US were using ad-blocking solutions. According to reports by

eMarketer this trend is holding strong and in 2017 more than 80 Million Americans will

no longer see advertising from the most common advertising networks.

The SolidOpinion engagement and advertising platform is part of the publisher’s site

itself, it cannot be hidden by ad-blocking software. And, SolidOpinion’s sophisticated

sentiment analysis ability lets advertisers choose the right audience for their offer, thus

increasing engagement.

As publishers are starting to recognize that readers are engaging with their articles on

third-party websites and that these benefit from user-generated content, they are turn-

ing to solutions that empower them to retain this user engagement on their own online

publications.

Why EngagementTokens

Why EngagementTokensSolidOpinion already established its own digital currency in 2013 to reward engagement

of users with publishers. At the time of this writing, more than 4 million SolidOpinion

users have established wallets on the platform and accumulated points by engaging with

publisher content and/or purchased points with their credit card or PayPal account to

use for upvoting content or placing ads.

To increase the utility of the platform SolidOpinion is now issuing Engagement Tokens.

These tokens will be used to purchase pay-per-article advertising slots on the

engagement platform and function as a frictionless currency between publishers, users

and advertisers.

After evaluating third-party coins - such as Ethereum and Bitcoin - it became clear that

the high transaction cost these cryptocurrencies carry would not allow for economical

use on the SolidOpinion network. As things stand today, the Blockchains of the market

leaders are too sluggish to support efficient transaction within the SolidOpinion network.

Finally, Engagement Tokens must be allowed to increase in value (“float”) as the engage-

ment network grows over time, making the tokens more valuable to advertisers and users.

Token MechanicsEngagement Tokens are based on Ethereum’s ERC20 standard, ensuring interoperability

with most cryptocurrencies and by extension fiat currencies such as the US Dollar and

the EURO. The Ethereum blockchain is the current industry standard for issuing digital

assets and smart contracts. The ERC20 token interface allows for the deployment of a

standard token that is compatible with the existing and growing infrastructure of the

Ethereum ecosystem, such as development tools, wallets, exchanges and smart con-

tracts.

The Business Model

Smart contracts are stateful applications stored in the Ethereum blockchain. These con-

tracts are cryptographically secure and can verify or enforce the performance of the

contract. Token contracts are a standard feature of the Ethereum ecosystem. Ethereum

has been used for mobile payment systems, distributed exchanges, tokens pegged to

commodities and fiat currencies, market clearing mechanisms, micropayment systems

for distributed computing resources, commodities and securities exchanges, crowdfund-

ing, and legal document verification. Fortune 100 companies such as JP Morgan, Deloitte,

IBM, Microsoft have invested in and deployed Ethereum.

Ethereum’s ability to deploy Turing-complete trustless smart contracts enables complex

issuance rules for cryptocurrencies, digital financial contracts, and automated incentive

structures. These advanced features and active ecosystem make Ethereum a natural fit

for SolidOpinion's Engagement Token.

Use of proceedsThe Company will allocate 100% of funds received during the ICO Period to a “Publisher

Growth Fund”. The Publisher Growth Fund will be used to grow the adoption of the

Platform by engaging additional publishers, users and advertisers, and by expanding the

Platform's functions as requested by the publishers, advertisers and user base.

Business Landscape

Business LandscapeSolidOpinion competes with other providers of commenting software and advertising

networks. However, unlike most commenting software and ad platform providers,

SolidOpinion does not maintain content sites to compete with its publishing partners.

Advertising Networks

Google AdSense. AdSense is an ad network belonging to Google which allows publishers

of content sites to serve automatic text, image, video, or interactive media advertise-

ments. These advertisements are administered, sorted, and maintained by Google with

little say by the publishers about the ads being served. Advertisers in the Google ad

network strongly favor Google’s own destination sites and its pay-per-click AdWords

product, decreasing attention and quality of ads served by Google’s AdSense program.

As a result click-through rates and ad prices for ads served by AdWords have steadily

declined.

media.net. Similar to Google’s AdSense network, Media.net’s primary focus is to serve

advertising for the Yahoo and Bing search portals. While it is serving a few select publish-

ers (notably, The New York Times), it is mostly seen as a less refined version of AdSense

and has an even lower converting ad inventory.

Taboola. Taboola develops and markets a service for online content publishers and

advertisers that recommends digital content to website users. Among other things,

Taboola provides the "Around the Web" and "Recommended For You" boxes at the

bottom of many online news articles. The content being recommended is most often of

low quality and little news value. Sites such as Facebook, which monitor the quality of

their advertising, are no longer allowing this type of clickbait on their own properties.

Commenting Systems

Commenting Systems

Disqus. 84% of the top 1,000 publisher websites have embedded the Disqus comment-

ing system. In the past, publishers did not recognize the importance of user-generated

content and embedded third-party commenting systems on their own websites.

Reminiscent of Yahoo’s failure to recognize Google’s search function as a threat to its

own portal, publishers have allowed Disqus to build their own destination site on

content generated and delivered by users of their software. Unlike Yahoo’s blunder,

publishers today are still in the position to remove the Disqus code from their websites

and replaceit with an engagement- and revenue-preserving system such as the one

offered by SolidOpinion.

Facebook. Of the 1,000 most active publisher websites, less than 10% have chosen to

integrate Facebook’s commenting system. Publishers who implemented the plugin will

see their users move the engagement with their content to Facebook’s own website

while losing control over their advertising options.

Reddit Gold. Reddit offers a premium membership program, granting access to extra

features to improve experience. While Reddit is a major publisher, its program is

designed by and limited to its own destination site: reddit.com. It does not offer

publishers a mechanism for publishers and users to monetize through the use of a

Blockchain-based token.

Future Competitors. A possible future competitor is Brave and their Basic Attention

Token. However, it could be years before the company has a viable solution, given that it

must still develop the actual software. As Brave’s solution requires a specialized browser,

switching costs are likely to be very high. Companies such as Microsoft have spent

billions of Dollars in advertising without convincing a significant number of users to

install their latest browser.

Competitive Advantages

Competitive AdvantagesPARTNER MODEL. The largest advertising networks are taking a competitive stand

against many of their partners by competing with publishers for users and engagement.

Ad networks often favor their own destination sites over those of publishers, typically

providing enhanced ad tools and analytics to advertisers within their own platform while

not making these options available to publishers.

SolidOpinion embraces a partnership approach which puts the publisher first by provid-

ing them with the same and better tools employed by search engines and social media

companies on their websites.

ENGAGEMENT SEARCH ENGINE. To further its thought-leader position, SolidOpinion

launched the first search engine for comments ‘Engagement1000’ (see: http://engage-

ment1000.com) in April 2017 . The search engine spiders the most active websites for

comments and visitors and ranks these in order of engagement. Marketers and brands

can make better informed decision about their advertising spending by monitoring

engagement across all relevant websites.

Technology Advantages

Technology AdvantagesThe SolidOpinion platform integrates a state-of-the-art sentiment analysis engine based

on deep neural networks. Sentiment analysis is the process of computationally

identifying and categorising opinions expressed in a piece of text, especially in order to

determine whether the writer’s attitude towards a particular topic, product, etc. is

positive, negative, or neutral.

Standard modern approaches to sentiment analysis usually represent a recurrent

network that takes a sequence of vectors obtained from pre-trained word embeddings

as input, encodes the input (short) text as a fixed size feature vector, and processes it

with the final dense layers to get a sentiment estimate.

The SolidOpinion model significantly improves upon this standard approach with

modifications inspired by the latest encoder-decoder architectures used for machine

transltion using tunable word embeddings, a deep architecture with three recurrent

layers, and added skip-layer connections to improve connectivity in the network. As a

result, SolidOpinion uses a state-of-the-art sentiment analysis model with excellent

results for practical sentiment evaluation of user comments.

Team

TeamConstantine Goltsev is a veteran of the online advertising industry.

He has more than 20 years of experience in software and product

development. Constantine is the former CEO and founder of the

pioneering video advertising network AdoTube, which grew from

humble beginnings to 200 employees selling in 23 markets with 13

offices worldwide. AdoTube was sold to Exponential Interactive.

Chris Kameir Before accepting the role of COO at a California

venture fund in 2000, Chris lead the merger of two of Europe's first

Internet service providers as general counsel for NIKOMA, today part

of Europe's largest ISP Tiscali.

After founding Yelp-predecessor Colizer in 2004, and selling the

operation in 2008, Chris became chair of Southern California's leading

startup network SANDIOS, and joined the board of several technology

companies. He is a guest lecturer at the Rady School of Business

(UCSD) and writer for multiple technology magazines. In addition to

majoring in business, Chris is certified in NLP and a graduate of

Muenster's School of Law.

VP of Corporate Development

CEO

Team

Antonio Ruiz-Gimenez Antonio Ruiz-Gimenez, co-founder and

chairman of SolidOpinion, has extensive investment and

entrepreneurial experience. He was honored as a top entrepreneur

Empact 100 under 35 in 2014 and 2015, and featured in 20 under 40

Young Philanthropist New York Observer, the Top NY based energy

companies with P3 Global Management, and in Latin Trendsetters in

Business in 2012.

Chairman

Antonio is an angel investor in several startups in various industries. He

is a founder and Managing Partner at ATW Partners, an investment firm.

Some of the companies he has co-founded include: P3 Global

Management, a public private partnership, YYC Capital Management, a

healthcare hedge fund, and IMGH, a holding company focused on global

infrastructure and energy. He dedicates much of his free time to

charitable organizations such as Keep a Child Alive and PVBLIC

Foundation, of which he is president and founder,

and which connects nonprofits to donated advertising space. He holds a

Law Degree from Universidad Complutense of Madrid.

State Technological University, Ukraine and now resides in Irvine,

California.

Nick Urmach is a seasoned engineering leader with extensive expe-

rience in managing and growing software development teams in

high-growth startups. Prior to joining SolidOpinion, Nick served as VP

of Engineering in Adotube (Exponential Interactive) for more than 6

years. Nick holds a diploma in Computer Science from the Zhitomir

CTO

Team

Arthur Meyerovich brings 20 years of Internet entrepreneurship to

the team. He has founded a media agency, a video advertising net-

work, and one of the largest health publisher groups, with 8 figures

of revenue and consecutive years on the Inc 500 list. Arthur’s Inter-

net companies have serviced Fortune 500 clients in technology,

direct response, branding, and strategy, across a myriad of both

traditional and constantly evolving online marketing channels.

EVP of Sales

CSA

keen on keeping up with the latest developments in technology,

applying knowledge, creativity and problem-solving skills to building

robust and innovative solutions. Prior to joining SolidOpinion, Alex

served as Chief Software Architect in Adotube (Exponential Interac-

tive) for more than 4 years.

Alexander Prokopyev is a veritable cornucopia of innovative brain-

storms related to all technical matters of the company, as well as an

unstoppable jackhammer destroying all obstacles faced by his team.

He is a very talented engineer and an effective team lead, always

Lena Knysh has more than 13 years of advertising experience,

having worked for big brands, agencies, networks and service

provides. Before joining SolidOpinion, she spent over 5 years at

Adotube, an online video advertising network. After having

managed key US clients, she became head of Adotube’s

International Client management department. When Adotube was

acquired by Exponential, a leading digital advertising network,

Lena transitioned to become a key member of the international

sales management team. There, she helped expand the company,

uncover new markets and, ultimately, open over a dozen offices

worldwide. She then helped train country managers and sales

executives and close million-dollar deals with major clients across

more than 30 countries.

VP of Sales

Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

How to Prepare for Using Ethereum Wallet?

Learning how to set up an Ethereum Wallet outside of a centralized exchange, like

Coinbase, is important for any person wanting to invest more in the Cryptocurrency space.

For more info, please visit the official Ethereum Wallet Wiki.

Why can’t I see my balances when I unlock my wallet?

This is most likely because you are behind a firewall. It is common for the API that is

used to display the balance to be blocked by firewalls. You will still be able to send trans-

actions, but you will need to use a blockchain explorer, such as Etherscan, to view your

balance.

Why can’t I see the account I have just created in the blockchain explorer (e.g.,

Etherchain, Etherscan)?

Only active accounts are visible in a blockchain explorer. Once you have transferred

some ETH into the account, it should be visible.

Why can’t I see my ETH in the wallet?

If you run into this issue, make sure you are synced with the network. You can also check

your balance at a service like https://etherscan.io.

Why am I getting a "Your computer’s time is out of sync!" error?

If the time of your computer is deviated, the wallet is not able to connect to the

Ethereum blockchain. The wallet is able to detect if time synchronization is turned

off. Please enable time synchronisation per the instructions below

Frequently Asked Questions

Windows: http://windows.microsoft.com/en-gb/windows/set-clock#1TC=windows-7

Mac OSX: https://support.apple.com/kb/PH21911?locale=en_US

Linux: apt-get install ntp

Why am I unable to find peers?

There are several reasons why the wallet is not able to connect to the network:

You might be using an older version of the wallet. Please update to the latest

version of the wallet.

A firewall is preventing access, check the logs of your firewall.

A router does not allow NAT or the necessary UDP port 30303, or it may be

blocking other connections made by the Ethereum node.

I am trying to synchronize the wallet, and it seems to have stalled. What’s wrong?

Each time the wallet is initiated, it needs to sync the chain with the network.

Downloading and verifying specific parts of the chain during this synchronization will

take time. In order to avoid re-starting the synchronization process, please be sure to

wait for the download process to complete.

Why wasn’t my transaction confirmed?

There could be a variety of reasons for this:

You lowered the transaction fee. If your transaction fee is too low, miners may

choose to ignore your transaction. If your transaction has been ignored, it can take a

significant amount of time before your transaction reappears in the blockchain. Currently,

Ethereum Wallet doesn't provide a solution to resend the transaction with a higher

transaction fee.

Ethereum Wallet is not fully synchronized with the network. Make sure you have

peers (see the top bar) and that the block number matches the number shown on your

block explorer (e.g., http://etherscan.io). Additionally, check to see if the block number is

Frequently Asked Questions

increasing over time. If not, the node is not connected to the network.

Your client is out of sync. If you have peers and your block number matches or

only slightly differs to the number shown on your block explorer (e.g.,

http://etherscan.io), click on the unconfirmed transaction.

A pop-up with the transaction details and the transaction hash will open. Click on

the link and it will open a web page on Etherscan with details regarding the transaction.

If you can see the transaction details on Etherscan, the transaction is being pro

cessed. Please wait a few minutes and refresh the page to see if the transaction is

now confirmed.

If the transaction details are not visible on Etherscan, then the transaction has not

yet been processed. If this does not change after a few minutes, it is possible

there was an error in processing your transaction.

Ethereum Wallet can lose the connection to the underlying node. In this case, you

will not be able to see that the transaction was confirmed. Please restart the

wallet and see if the issue is resolved.

Why can’t I unlock my account?

Please have a look at these recommendations. In some cases, the wallet loses connec-

tion to the underlying node, resulting in an inability to unlock the account.

Why am I seeing two different versions of my Ethereum address -- one with upper-

case letters and one with lowercase letters?

Capitalization simply means the address has a checksum, which will detect input errors.

Both addresses refer to the same wallet and are fully functional.

Frequently Asked Questions

For example, two versions of an Ethereum address are below.

0x0430894efd64349c078877E42F1c7c7B838cf108

0x0430894efd64349c078877e42f1c7c7b838cf108

The address containing lowercase letters is not checksummed. Mistyping a letter or

number in this address can result in the loss of ETH. On the other hand, the upper case

checksummed version of the address will detect typos and inform you of an invalid

address.

If you are sending ETH to one of your own wallets, you can save the checksummed

address via the "View Wallet Info" page and copy the address displayed there.

Appendix

Appendix

Thomas Davenport. The Attention Economy: Understanding the New

Currency of Business. Harvard Business School Press, 2001. isbn: 978-1578514410.

Margaret Boland. Cyber criminals are stealing billions from the ad industry each

year. [Online; accessed 22-September-2017]. 2016. url: http://www.businessinsider.

com/the-ad-fraud-report-bot-traffic-2016-3.

Hillary Tuttle. “The Rise of Malvertising”. In: Risk Management Monitor (Aug.

2015). url: http://www.riskmanagementmonitor.com/the-rise-of-malvertising/.

Rob Leathern. “Carriers are Making More From Mobile Ads than Publishers Are”.

In: Medium (Oct. 2015). url: https://medium.com/@robleathern/carriersare-mak-

ing-more-from-mobile-ads-than-publishers-are-d5d3c0827b39\

#.aiw3hs4ls.

eMarketer. US Ad Blocking to Jump by Double Digits This Year. [Online; accessed

11-September-2017]. June 2016. url: https://www.emarketer.com/Article/USAd-Block-

ing-Jump-by-Double-Digits-This-Year/1014111.

Interactive Advertising Bureau. Ad Blocking: Who Blocks Ads, Why and How to

Win Them Back. Tech. rep. Interactive Advertising Bureau, 2016. url: http :

//www.iab.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/IAB-Ad-Block-

ing-2016-WhoBlocks-Ads-Why-and-How-to-Win-Them-Back.pdf.

Mathew Ingram. “How Google and Facebook Have Taken Over the Digital Ad

Industry”. In: Fortune (Jan. 2017). url: http://fortune.com/2017/01/04/

google-facebook-ad-industry/.

Mark Jurkowitz Amy Mitchell and Kenneth Olmstead. Social, Search and Direct:

Pathways to Digital News. Tech. rep. Pew Research Center, March 2014. url: http:

//www.journalism.org/2014/03/13/social-search-direct/.

Appendix

Chris Pemberton. Gartner CMO Spend Survey 2016-2017 Shows Marketing Budgets

Continue to Climb. Tech. rep. Gartner Research, Dec. 2016. url: https :

/ / www . gartner . com / smarterwithgartner / gartner - cmo - spend - survey -

2016-2017-shows-marketing-budgets-continue-to-climb/.

Jack Simpson. 40% of publishers describe their digital ad revenue as shrinking or

static. Tech. rep. Econsultancy, Oct. 2015. url: https://econsultancy.com/

blog/67028-40-of-publishers-describe-their-digital-ad-revenue-asshrinking-or-static/.

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