3re - weee presentation v7 100311

8/7/2019 3RE - WEEE Presentation V7 100311

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Waste Electrical & Electronic GoodsWaste Electrical & Electronic Goods(WEEE or e-Waste):(WEEE or e-Waste):

Recycling Methods – Benefits and HazardsRecycling Methods – Benefits and Hazards

3R Environmental Services Private Ltd. (‘3RE’)3R Environmental Services Private Ltd. (‘3RE’)



03/13/11 3R Environmental Services Pvt Ltd. 2

WEEE |WEEE | DEFINITIONDEFINITION

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE or e-Waste) is a

term used to describe appliances and/or equipment that containelectrically powered components and:

• those that have become obsolete and/or have reached their end-of-life

• those that have lost their utility to the original user, due toadvancement in technology and change in fashion




WEEE|WEEE| CATEGORIESCATEGORIES

† As per the European Union directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the council of 27 January 2003 on waste

electrical and electronic equipment.




WEEE |WEEE | COMPOSITION OF WEEECOMPOSITION OF WEEE

WEEE contains both valuable materials (secondary raw materials) as well as

hazardous materials which require special handling and recycling methods




WEEE |WEEE | MAJOR CONTRIBUTORSMAJOR CONTRIBUTORS




WEEE |WEEE | QUANTUM OF WEEE |QUANTUM OF WEEE | INDIAINDIA




WEEE |WEEE | QUANTUM OF WEEE |QUANTUM OF WEEE | BANGALOREBANGALORE




WEEE |WEEE | DISPOSAL CHANNELSDISPOSAL CHANNELS

• ICT Companies, registered as Export Oriented Units (EOU) importhardware as per the EXIM policy (2000). These equipment are Custom

Bonded. Once this equipment reaches end-of-life, the regulationprovides the ICT companies 3 options to release this equipment:

1. De-bond the equipment by paying the customs duty

2. Donate the equipment to charitable institutions

3. Physical destruction of the goods

• BPO, Hardware Companies, public sector companies (includingCustoms Department) and other companies, dispose their end-of-lifeWEEE through:

1. Direct Sale to scrap dealers and recyclers

2. Auction

• Households dispose their WEEE through:

1. Exchange programs for some electronic items

2. Sale to scrap/rag pickers




WEEE |WEEE | DISPOSAL CHANNELSDISPOSAL CHANNELS || ISSUESISSUES




WEEE |WEEE | COLLECTION CHANNELSCOLLECTION CHANNELS

C

ur rentCollectionC

hannels

Desire

dCollectionCha

nnels

I nf or mal S ect or Recycl er s

F or

mal S ect or Recycl er s




WEEE |WEEE | RECYCLING|RECYCLING| AUTHORIZED RECYCLERSAUTHORIZED RECYCLERS

• Formal sector authorized recyclers only process and recycle

5% of WEEE in India

• Efficient techniques used by this sector would ensure:

oHigh rate of secondary material extraction

oClosed loop recycling would ensure almost zeroenvironmental pollution

oZero informal dumping and burning

oImprove the health and occupational standards of workers

• Government has recognized this and are formulatinglegislation to increase the share of the formal sector recyclers




WEEE |WEEE | RECYCLING|RECYCLING| INFORMAL SECTORINFORMAL SECTOR

• Informal sector processes and recycles 95% of WEEE in India

• Inappropriate and inefficient techniques used by thissector cause:

oHigh rate ofenvironmental pollution due to informaldumping, burning and acid leaching

oHealth and occupational hazards to workers

oLoss of valuable secondary raw material due tolow rates of secondary raw material extraction

• The other negative aspects of informal sector include:

oUse of child labor and the infrastructure of theunits

oMost units have no proper ventilation

oWorkers sit on the floor bending for hours over scrap items and work with bare hands andvery primitive tools

Photo courtesy: EMPA

| |




WEEE |WEEE | WHY SHOULD WE CARE?WHY SHOULD WE CARE? ||COMPONENTS, CONSTITUENTS AND AFFECTED BODYCOMPONENTS, CONSTITUENTS AND AFFECTED BODYPARTSPARTS

WEEE

Components

Hazardous Constituents Affected

Body Parts

Printed Circuit Boards (PCB)LeadCadmium

Nervous systemKidneyLiver

Motherboards Berrilium LungsSkin

Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) Lead oxideBariumCadmium

HeartLiver Muscles

Switches &Flat screen monitors

Mercury BrainSkin

Computer Batteries Cadmium KidneyLiver

Plastic in PCB, cablesinsulation/coating and plastichousing

Brominated flame retardant(BFR)Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Immune systemEndocrine

Source: E-WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA, Posted on June 20, 2010 (www.articlebase.com/e-waste-management)




WEEE |WEEE | WHY SHOULD WE CARE?WHY SHOULD WE CARE? ||AIR POLLUTION IN MANDOLI VILLAGE & INDUSTRIAL AREAAIR POLLUTION IN MANDOLI VILLAGE & INDUSTRIAL AREA

Source: Johri Rakesh and Subhankar Basu, ‘E-waste generation, mitigation and a case study of Delhi’ in E-Waste: Implications,regulations and management in India and current global best practices, edited by Rakesh Johri, a TERI publication (2008)

• Mandoli industrial area remains engulfed by a thick blanket of dustand fumes:

oCarbon monoxide (CO) concentration in the recycling area variesbetween 8 to 10 PPM (parts per million)

oThe CO concentration is between 2 to 4 PPM in the villagelocated 500 meters away from the recycling area

oThe Council of Environmental Quality (1992) has observed that

inhalation of CO-laden air with a concentration of between 8 –10 PPM for a maximum period of 8 hours is dangerous.

• Health hazards from the acid fumes and toxic gases that engulf thearea:

oEye irritation

oBreathing problems

• The concentration of dioxins and furan in the air has beenreported to be in the range of 4-6 pg (picogram)/kg/days

oThe WHO standard range is between 1 to 4 pg/kg/day

|WEEE | ||




WEEE |WEEE | WHY SHOULD WE CARE?WHY SHOULD WE CARE? || METALMETAL

CONCENTRATION IN SOIL SAMPLES FROM MANDOLICONCENTRATION IN SOIL SAMPLES FROM MANDOLIINDUSTRIAL AREAINDUSTRIAL AREA

Element Village Soil(mg/kg)

Industrial AreaSoil (mg/kg)

Manganese 236 774

Copper 62 7,093

Aluminum 6,127 16,981

Silicon 285 289

Chromium 32 50Cadmium 1.2 10

Lead 44.4 3,932

Nickel 30.1 181

Zinc 115 3,170

Selenium <0.02 <0.02


Surface soil was collected from Mandoli industrial area and analyzed to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Col # 3). Soil for Col # 2 was obtained from the village located 500 meters away from therecycling unit.The above table reveals that the concentration of all metals in the industrial area are much higher thanthe village soil. However, leaching of these metals with time will eventually contaminate the groundwater.

WEEE |WEEE | ||




WEEE |WEEE | WHY SHOULD WE CARE?WHY SHOULD WE CARE? || METALMETAL

CONCENTRATION IN GROUND WATER SAMPLES FROMCONCENTRATION IN GROUND WATER SAMPLES FROMMANDOLIMANDOLI

Element Village Water Sample(mg/l)

IndustrialArea Sample (mg/l)

Desirable limit (IndianWater Standard)(mg/l)

Manganese 0.05 0.08 0.05

Copper 0.07 0.10 0.05

Aluminum 0.24 4.63 0.1

Silicon 14.42 26.33 n/a

Chromium 0.05 0.14 0.05

Cadmium <0.02 0.01 0.01

Lead 0.02 0.05 0.05

Nickel 0.02 0.04 n/a

Zinc 1.50 1.59 5.0

Selenium <0.02 0.11 0.01


For analysis purposes, the ground water samples were collected from Mandoli industrial area, from adepth of about 20 meters (Col # 3). The ground water samples were also collected from Mandoli village,located at a distance of 500 meteres from the industrial area, from a depth of 25 meteres (Col # 2).The pH of water is 5.8, which is below the desirable limit of 6.5 – 8.5.




WEEE |WEEE | WHY SHOULD WE CARE?WHY SHOULD WE CARE? || POSSIBLEPOSSIBLE

HEALTH EFFECTS OF DRINKING THE POLLUTED WATERHEALTH EFFECTS OF DRINKING THE POLLUTED WATER

Element Desirable limit (IndianWater Standard) (mg/l)

Undesirable effects whenconcentration goes above thedesirable limit

Manganese 0.05 Unpleasant taste

Copper 0.05 Astringent taste, damages liver andcauses central nervous systemdisorder and depressionAluminum 0.1 Alzheimer’s disease

Chromium 0.05 Lung tumor and allergies

Cadmium 0.01 Kidney damage

Lead 0.05 Serious cumulative body poison

Zinc 5.0 Astringent taste

Selenium 0.01 Toxic





WEEE |WEEE | CONCERNS & CHALLENGES |CONCERNS & CHALLENGES |SYNOPSISSYNOPSIS

• Accurate figures not available for rapidly increasing WEEE –generated domestically and illegally imported

• Low level of awareness among manufacturers and consumers of the hazards of incorrect recycling

• Major portion of WEEE is processed by the informal sector usingrudimentary techniques

• Workers have little or no knowledge of toxins in WEEE and areexposed to health hazards

• Inefficient recycling process result in substantial losses of material value and resources

• Cherry picking by informal sector, primarily interested in preciousmetals, and improperly dispose the rest, thereby posing environmentalhazard

• No specific legislation for dealing with WEEE




WEEE |WEEE | THE NEED OF THE HOURTHE NEED OF THE HOUR

In short, the need of the hour can be summarized as follows:

1.Create awareness about the hazards and benefits of WEEE among both

households and private sector 2.Provide a viable and environmentally friendly option to dispose waste for

households and private sector. This option would involve a establishinga eco-friendly supply chain management system to responsibly:

i.Collect WEEE

ii.Transport WEEE

iii.Recycle WEEE

This would ensure a win-win model that would:

1.Maximize material (and hence value) recovery – thereby reducepressure to extract primary raw material from earth surface

2.Minimize environmental damage by avoiding inefficient management

and recycling of WEEE

This is where, 3R Environmental ServicesThis is where, 3R Environmental ServicesPrivate Limited (‘3RE’) steps inPrivate Limited (‘3RE’) steps in

1.




3RE |3RE | VISIONVISION

We at 3RE have set these goals for ourselves for the next two years:• Reduce WEEE by spreading awareness and thereby creating material for

secondary use rather than sending it as waste to landfills

• Reuse by building capability in the City of Bangalore by September 2011 toextract working parts that could be used for making refurbished electronicequipment

• Recycle by sending the non-working electronic goods and material to formalsector recyclers for the first one year of operation. By May 2012 todevelop in-house recycling capability

• Collection Centers: To open 5 collection centers across South India by May2013

• Collection Target: To handle 500 tons of waste per annum starting from May2012




3RE |3RE | CONTACT USCONTACT US

For any business enquiries, queries, comments and/or

suggestions, please contact:

Ganesh S. Anipindi

Director – Sales & Marketing

Bangalore, India

Mobile: +91 809 587 9828

Email: [email protected]

Facebook: www.facebook.com/3r.ewaste

Twitter: www.twitter. com/3rewaste

LinkedIn:3r.ewaste

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.facebook.com/3r.ewaste

http://www.3re.in/

http://www.3re.in/

http://www.3re.in/

http://www.3re.in/

http://www.3re.in/

http://www.facebook.com/3r.ewaste

mailto:[email protected]

3re - weee presentation v7 100311

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