39 issue of paryawaran

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–s[i0fk|;fb bfxfn, eLd:yfg uflj;–@,, l;Gw'nL .

kof{j/0f km]l/ ahf/df cfPsf] kfpFbf v';L nfUof] . b'O{ jif{cl3;Dd ahf/df cfPsf] g]kfns} Psdfq jftfj/0f;DaGwLklqsf PsfPs ahf/df gcfpFbf cfZro{ nfu]sf] lyof], t/klqsf o; e]usf ljBfnodf eg] cfO{ g} /x]sf] kfOof] .ljutsf] t'ngfdf cem uxlsnf ;fdu|L af]s]/ / k|fs[ltsk|sf]k;DaGwL hfgsf/L lbg] k]:6/;d]t af]s]/ cfPsf]kof{j/0fn] xfdLnfO{ w]/} s'/f lbPsf] 5 . klqsf lg/Gt/ k9\gkfpg] ck]Iff u5f}F .–bLks a/fn, ;'dg >]i7, /f]zg vqL bds–!*, emfkf .

d}n] kof{j/0f k9\g yfn]sf] w]/} ePsf] 5}g . oxfFsf] ufpF ljsf;;ldltdf hfFbf b'O{rf/j6f kof{j/0f b]v]sf] lyPF / cln–clnk9]sf] klg lyP . t/ df3 dlxgfdf ahf/df klg b]v]/ lsGg]df}sf kfPF . ;+;f/e/ lrGtfsf] ljifo ag]sf] jftfj/0f k|b"if0f

;DkfbsHo",tkfO{+x¿åf/f k|sflzt kof{j/0fsf] cª\s #* k9\g] df}sf kfPF .g]kfnleq k|sflzt ;of}F klqsfdWo] Pp6fh:t} t xf]nf lgeGg] nfu]sf] lyof], k9\g'eGbf klxn] . t/, k9\b}hfFbf of] Pp6fk[ys\ p2]Zo lnP/ k|sflzt klqsf /x]5 eGg] dx;'; eof] .

x'g t s/f]8f}F 8n/ leq\ofP/ jftfj/0fsf gfddf sf/vfgfvf]Ng]x¿sf] dL7f] zAb e'mG8\ofP/ df]6fpg]x¿n] ubf{ jftfj/0fIf]q st} sdfOvfg] If]q dfq t xf]Og h:tf] dx;'; x'g yfn]sf]5 . To;}n] klg xf]nf, jftfj/0fsf] gfpFdf s/f]8f}F lelqP klgpkTosf eg] k|b"lift g} 5 .

kof {j/0 fsf ] cª \s #* dfhg;/f]sf/sf af/]df ;r]t ug]{ p22]Zon] e"sDk;Fu ;DalGwtljljw ljifoj:t' ;dfj]z ul/Psf] /x]5 . jf:tjdf g]kfn e"–sDksf b[li6n] Hofb} ;Dj]bgzLn If]q ePsf] lj1x¿n];d]tatfO/x]sf 5g\ . To;dfly nfvf}F hgtf a;f]af; ul//x]sfpkTosf t e"–sDksf b[li6n] clt g} hf]lvdk"0f{ If]qsf ¿kdf/x]sf] atfOG5 . o:tf] ;+j]bgzLn / hf]lvdk"0f{ k|sf]k /

pTs[i6 k|ltlqmof k7fpgf];\, Ps jif{sf] ;b:otf lgMz'Ns kfpgf];\

o; cª\ssf] pTs[i7 k|ltlqmofo; cª\ssf] pTs[i7 k|ltlqmofo; cª\ssf] pTs[i7 k|ltlqmofo; cª\ssf] pTs[i7 k|ltlqmofo; cª\ssf] pTs[i7 k|ltlqmof

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sf7df8f} “ .

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oxf Fx¿sf ] k |of; ePs} xf ]nf .jftfj/0fsf ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s

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dgf]h ofbj, ;]dGt k/fh'nL tyf ;fyLx¿ nIdLk'/ uflj;–&, s~rgk'/ .

kof{j/0fsf ljljw ljifodf hfgsf/Ld"ns ;fdu|Lsf]cem} cefj b]lvPsf] 5 . jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf ePsfk|of; / ljZjJofkL ultljlwnfO{ cem ;d]6\bf /fd|f]xf]nf . k|sf]k lgoGq0f / Joj:yfkgsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/dWok[i7df /flvg] kf]:6/n] lg/Gt/tf kfP xfd|f u|fdL0fIf]qdf k|sf]kaf6 x'g] Iflt sd ug]]{ 1fg ldNg]5 .

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8f= hgsnfn sdf{rfo{k|f= 8f= /fdk|;fb rf}w/L

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sfg'gL ;Nnfxsf/rGb| a:g]t

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k|sfzsjftfj/0f tyf afn ;/f]sf/ ;+:yf–g]kfnsf7df8f}“ dxfgu/kflnsf– #!, wf]lawf/f

kf]= a= g+= !(&@), sf7df8f}+kmf]g M $$$%#@)

k\mofS; M (&&–!–$@^%$%%E-mail: [email protected]://www.econepal.org

d'b|s;"of]{bo 5fkfvfgf, wf]lawf/f, sf7df8f}+kf]= a= g+= @)&$%, kmf]gM $#$(&!

Paryawaran MonthlyVol. 11, No.11, Feb/ Mar 2004

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jt{dfg ;dodf dfgjLo :jfy{sf nflu clwsf/ /bfloTjsf] s'/f, ;fd'bflos ljsf; / ;dfgtfsf s'/f,k | fs [ lts ;| f ]tdfly :yfgLo ;/f ]sf/jfnfx¿sf ]clwsf/sf] s'/f / o:t}–o:t} w]/} s'/fdf lbgxF'h;f]kfFrtf/] xf]6]ndf 6fO{–;'6wf/Lsf] hd36df ax; x'g];+:s[ltsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf dfq xf]Og,ljZjJofkL¿kd} clwsfª\z ul/a d'n'ssf] cj:yf

ljjfb, of]hgf tof/Ld} x'g] vr{sf] cfsfl;Fbf] :j¿k,bfg jf ;xof]u /sdsf] kl/rfngdf bftfsf] k|ToIfx:tIf]k, ;xof]udf ;~rflnt sfo{qmdsf ljleGg r/0fdfcfpg] cfGtl/s bafa cflb ljifosf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ xf]eg] c¿ If]qdf h:t} g]kfndf l;d;f/ ;+/If0f / lbuf]pkof]usf sfo{qmdx¿df klg lvrftfgL al9/x]sf]cg'ej ug{ ;lsG5 . oL ljifodf sxfF–sxfF s;/L x}sdnfb\g] k|oTg x'G5g\ eGg] s'/f g ;/sf/ v'n:t ug{rfxG5 g t bftf kf/bzL{ x'g vf]Hb5 . s'n rfln;s/f]8 vr{df ;DkGg x'g] % jif]{ of]hgf tof/ ubf{ g} b'O{s/f]8 nufgL ug{ lxDdt ug]{ ;/sf/ / bftf tyf Tof]wg/fzL s'DNofpg] of]hgfsf/af6 ;d'bfon] s:tf] cfzf/fVg]] < To;df klg $) s/f]8af6 36fP/ sfof{Gjogsf]ah]6 @# s/f]8df emfl/Fbf kl/0ffd s:tf] xf]nf < k|Zglgs} uDeL/ x'g;S5 . g]kfndf a;]/ k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf]

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xf]6ndf ukm ug]{ k|j[lQ lg?T;flxt geP;Dd ;+/If0f /lbuf] ljsf;sf] ;kgf s;}n] b]V5 eg] To;nfO{ o;o'usf] l;v08L gfds/0f ul/lbP x'G5 .

oL k|Zgx¿ g]kfndf l;d;f/ gLlt sfof{Gjog ug]{ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . ut jif{sf] cGTolt/ g]kfnsf]/fli6«o l;d;f/ gLlt, @)%( nfu" eof] . gLltn] l;d;f/If ]qsf] ;+/If0f, lbuf ] ljsf;, pkof]u / :yfgLo;d'bfosf] ;xeflutfdfly hf]8 lbg' lgs} /fd|f] kIf xf] ./fd;f/ dxf;lGwdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ kIf/fi6«sf x}l;otn]cfˆgf] d'n'sdf ePsf l;d;f/sf] Joj:yfkg / cfly{sIf]qdf ltgsf] k|of]u ug{ ;a} kIf/fi6« tyf ;/sf/n]

l;d;f/ zAb hglha|f]df rNg yfn]sf] w]/} jif{ ePsf] 5}g . x'g t g]kfnn] l;d;f/ If]qsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gug]{ k|lta4tf cfheGbf ## jif{klxn] -;g\ !(&!_ cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw -/fd;f/ dxf;lGw_ df kIfw/ eP/ hfx]/ u/]sf]xf] . To; k|lta4tfsf] nueu #@ jif{kl5 ut jif{ dfq /fli6«o l;d;f/ gLlt, @)%( ;fj{hlgs x'g;Sof] . x'gt /fd;f/ dxf;lGwdf k|j]z ug'{eGbf Ps bzsklxn] g} g]kfnn] hnr/ ;+/If0f P]g, @)!& nfu" u/]sf] xf] .;+/If0fnfO{ dWogh/ /fv]/ ag]sf] of] klxnf] P]g x'g'k5{ t/ of] P]g kof{Kt / k|efjsf/L ePg jf sfof{GjogePg . h] elgP tfklg of] P]g hLljt 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ la;{g ldNb}g . cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw ;g\ !(&! n]hnkG5Lsf] af;:yfg ;+/If0f ug]{ nIonfO{ cl3;f/]sf] 5 eg] g]kfnsf] hnr/ ;+/If0f P]gn] df5fnfO{ cfˆgf]k|d'v ljifo agfPsf] 5 . lagfdf5fsf] l;d;f/ kG5Lsf] nflu pko'Qm x'Fb}g eGg] ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 . To;}n]l;d;f/ gLltsf] sfof{Gjog ubf{ p7\g] d"n d'2fdf df5fsf] ljz]if e"ldsf /xG5 . df5f, dfemL, hfn / tfnnfO{;jf ] { k/ L :yfg lbP/dfql;d;f/ gLlt cl3 a9\g;S5eGg 'df cTo ' lQm gxf ]nf .l;d;f/ gLlt @)%( sf ]k|d'v p2]Zo g} l;d;f/sf]Joj:yfkgdf :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ ;xefuL agfpg' xf] .

cfhsf] g]kfndf ;aeGbf Kof/f] zAb g} hg;xeflutf aGg k'u]sf] 5 . Joj:yfkg kIf egf}F jf ;/sf/L kIf, ;a}n]cfˆgf]] gLlt, of]hgf, sfo{of]hgf jf sfo{qmd ;a} b:tfj]hdf :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ ;xefuL agfOPsf] bfaL ;xh¿kdf ul/Psf] x'G5 . t/ :yfgLo hg;d'bfosf] kIfaf6 eg] To;sf] ljk/Lt, yfx} ePg eg]/ cfjfh p7fOG5 .:yfgLo /fhgLltsf] kIf / ljkIfsf sf/0fn] klg of] ;d:of a9\g] u/]sf b[i6fGt kof{Kt kfOG5g\ . yfx} glbO{sgof] lsg u/]sf], s;/L eof] / s;n] cfb]z lbof] egL s'n{g] k|zf;sx¿ gePsf klg 5}gg\ . o; ljifosf s]xL/f]rs pbfx/0fx¿ klg 5g\ .

o;} jif{ cGt/f{li6«o dxŒjsf l;d;f/ egL 7x/ ePsf # j6f :yn– -!_ 3f]8f3f]8L tfn -s}nfnL_, -!_ hubLzk'/hnfzo -slknj:t'_ /f -#_ aL;xhf/L tfn -lrtjg_ nfO{ ljZj;"rL /fd;f/ If]qsf] dfGotf k|fKt eof] . o;k|flKtsf nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/, jg tyf e";+/If0f dGqfnonfO{ ljZj ;+/If0f ;ª\3n] k|fljlws 6]jf lbFb} cfPsf]lyof] . 3f]8f3f]8L tfnsf] cWoog / ToxfF hgr]tgf km}nfpg g]r'/n lx:6«L ;f];fO6L (Natural History Society)sf] /fdk'/ zfvf sfo{/t lyof] . :yfgLo hgtf;Fu ldn]/ To; tfnsf] k|j]z:yfgdf 3f]8f3f]8L tfn arfcf}F eGg]r]tgfd"ns Ps ;"rgfkf6L 6fF:g] sfd ePsf] /x]5 . ;f]xL af6f] u/L Ps lbg jg tyf e";+/If0f dGqfnosftTsfnLg ;lrj e|d0fdf hfFbf] /x]5 . ;"rgfkf6Ldf gh/ kgf{;fy df]6/ /f]s]/ cfˆg} xftn] Tof] kf6L 78\ofOPsf]sf7sf] 3f]rf] pv]n]/ x'¥of{OlbP5g\, s;sf] cfb]zn] ;"rgf 78\ofPsf] eg]/ . cfh ;f]xL :yn /fd;f/ ;"rLdf kg{

l;d;f/ Joj:yfkgdfl;d;f/ Joj:yfkgdfl;d;f/ Joj:yfkgdfl;d;f/ Joj:yfkgdfl;d;f/ Joj:yfkgdf

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/fd;f/ dxf;lGwn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] kl/lwleq /xL :ki6gLlt tof/ ug'{kg]{ ePs} sf/0f g]kfnn] klg l;d;f/gLlt tof/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . l;d;f/ If]qsf] lbuf]ljsf;sf nflu ;f] gLltn] Jofks If]q to u/]sf]s'/fnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{ klg ;lsFb}g .

l;d;f/ dxf;lGwn] lbPsf] kl/efiff / juL{s/0fnfO{ x]bf{g]kfnsf] t/fO{sf] clwsfª\z If]q l;d;f/df ;dflxtx'g;S5 eg] kxf8L tyf lxdfnL If]qdf ;d]t klxrfgx'g g;s]sf xhf/f } F l;d;f/ 5g\ . ctM g]kfnn]l;d;f/sf] ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkgdf rf;f] /fVg' clgjfo{;t{ klg xf] . l;d;f/ gLltn] oL s'/fnfO{ /fd|/L ;d]6]sf]

5 . t/, gLltcg'¿k lgodsf] th'{df, :yfgLo ;d'bfosf];xeflutf / To;af6 k|fKt nfesf] afF8kmfF8h:tf;jfndf ljjfb l;h{gf gxf]nf eGg klg ;lsFb}g .

l;d;f/ gLltsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu tof/ ePsf] kfFrjif]{sfo{qmdsf ljifodf pTkGg gofF ;jfnn] xfd|f ]sfo{k|lqmof / To;af6 k|fKt x'g;Sg] k|ltkmndf ;d]tk|ZglrGx t]:of{Psf] 5 . bftfn] /fVg] ;t{ut bafas}sf/0f ;/sf/ ljjz eP/ cfˆgf gful/s;Fu Jofkf/ug]{ b':k|of; ub{5 eg] ;/sf/af6 s:tf] ck]Iff /fVg;lsPnf < cGt/f { l i6 «o u }/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ g}ljz]if1x¿sf] ynf] xf] eg]/ ltg}nfO{ o:tf] sfd lhDdf

uPsf] 5 / /fli6«o l;d;f/ gLlt, @)%( sf] bkmf * df r]tgf clej[l4;DaGwL gLlt cl3;fl/Psf] 5 . :yfgLo;d'bfonfO{ ;r]t u/fpg] w]/} s'/f To;df ;dfj]z 5g\ t/ clwsf/n] dflQPsf k|zf;sx¿sf] r]tgfclej[l4;DaGwL gLlt eg] hgtfn] g} to ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

/fli6«o l;d;f/ gLlt, @)%( n] hg;xeflutfnfO{ cfˆgf] d"n s8Lsf ¿kdf k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . o;;Fu ;DalGwt!) pkbkmfx¿n] hglxtsf w]/} s'/f cf}FNofPsf 5g\ . ltgnfO{ ;fy{s agfpg hg;xeflutfaf/] Ps lglb{i6lgb]{lzsfsf] th'{df ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . hgtfdf uP/ ToxfF cfk"m ;xefuL x'g' hg;xeflutfsf] d"n s8L x'G5 .Ps lbg uP/ hg;d"xdf s]xL s'/f /fVb}df jf s]xL JolQmnfO{ sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z ub}{df hg;xeflutfn]k"0f{¿k lng ;Sb}g . o; ljifosf] Pp6f cg'ej o:tf] klg 5 . dgf:n' lxdfnsf] sfvdf Nxf] ufpFsf afl;GbfnfO{kof{ ko{6gsf (Ecotourism) ljifo cWoogdf ;xefuL agfpg xfdLn] ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf s]xL JolQm /

c¿ pknAw :yfgLo k|efjzfnL JolQmnfO{ lgDtfof}F .b"w / lrgLsf] lrofsf ;fy ;xefuL ;fyLx¿af6 w]/}s'/f hflgof], l;lsof] . To;sf] csf]{ jif{ km]l/ ToxLufpFdf k'Uof}F . :yfgLo s]xL ;fyLn] 3/df af]nfP .o;k6s xfd|f] ;fd'Gg] g'glrof lyof] . xfdLn] Tof] lkpg

;s]gf}F . s]xL ldqn] ha/h:tL lkO{ klg xfn] . dgdg} nfUof], h;sf] Ps Kofnf lrofdf ;xeflutf hgfpg;s]gf}F, ltgsf] ;d:ofdf s] ;xefuL x'g ;sf}Fnf <

cfh l;d;f/ gLlt sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|;ª\udf hg;xeflutfsf s'/f l;d, wfk, bnbn, gbLgfnf / tfnsf af]6],dfemL, yf¿, lwdfnnufot cg]sf}F hghflt;Fu sfFw ldnfpg ;S5f}F jf ;Sb}gf}F eGg] x]SsfnfO{ d"n ljifoagfP/ hg;xeflutf ljifodf bl/nf] lbUbz{g agfpg plrt x'g]5 .

l;d;f/sf] juL{s/0f / Joj:yfkg gLltcg';f/ l;d;f/nfO{ tLg k|sf/df 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 . klxnf] ju{df /flvPsf];+/lIft If]q / dWojtL{ If]qleqsf l;d;f/sf] Joj:yfkg ubf{ ;dGoflos cj;/ s;/L k'¥ofpg] eGg]af/] :ki6sfo{of]hgf x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . /fli6«o lgs'~hleqsf l;d;f/sf] Joj:yfkgdf hgtfnfO{ s;/L ;l/s agfpg] eGg]k|Zgsf] l5gf]kmfgf] x'g'k5{ . dWojtL{ If]qdf kg]{ lghL l;d;f/df ;/sf/L s;/L ;+nUg x'g] eGg] s'/fsf] klg;dodf g} lgSof]{n x'g'k5{ . lghL If]qsf] l;d;f/df b'n{e k|f0fL jf jg:kltsf] af;:yfg kg{ uof] eg] l;d;f/wgLsf]bfloTj s;/L lgwf{/0f ug]{ eGg] k|Zg klg p7\g] x'G5 . dT:okfngsf hnfzodf b'n{e kG5Lsf] a;f]af; 5 eg]ltgsf] Joj:yfkg s;/L ug]{ cflb k|Zgsf] lg/fs/0faf/] ;dodf g} Wofg k'¥ofOPg eg] l;d;f/sf] Joj:yfkg /fd|f]x'Fb}g . To;}n] /fli6«o l;d;f/ gLltsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ k|ydtM /fli6«o dxŒjsf l;d;f/sf] cflwsfl/s klxrfg /;"rLs/0f inventory x'g' cfjZos kb{5 . To;sf ;fy} Joj:yfkgdf hg;xeflutfsf k|lqmof / nfesf] ;dGoflosafF8kmfF8sf] Joj:yf s;/L ;'lglZrt ug]{ eGg] k|ZgnfO{ la;{g'x'Fb}g . ✪

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/fli6«o l;d;f/ gLlt, @)%( xfn} k|sfzdf NofPsf] 5 .k|:t't /fli6«o gLlt to ug{ s] slt ;do vlr{of], Tof] tTo;df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5}g, t/ sl/a $ xhf/ zAbn]u'lylPsf] ;f] gLltdf /fhwfgLsf ;+/If0f uf]i7Lx¿df k|o'Qmx'g] k|foM ;a} zAbfjnL c6fpg] e/dUb'/ k|oTg ul/Psf]5 . 5'6]sf] Pp6f zAbfjnL ;fob æul/aL lgjf/0fÆ xf]nf .w]/} ljifoj:t' / ljljw ljrf/x¿nfO{ ;+ufNg vf]Hbf of]gLlt sltko 7fp“df cfk}mF cNdlng k'u]sf] 5 eg] sltkoltgsf a'“bfx¿ lj/f]wfefifk"0f{ /xL ;+/If0f zAbfnª\sf/dfclNemPsf] 5 .

k[i7e"ldsf] ljz]iftfk|:t't /fli6«o l;d;f/ gLlt k[i7e"ldaf6 k|f/De eO{l;d;f/sf] ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkgsf efjL sfo{x¿df k'u]/cGt ePsf] 5 . s'n !$ j6f pk–zLif{sx¿ ;dflji6pQm gLltleq cf7j6f yk gLltx¿ -pkgLlt <_ klg5g\– gLltleq gLltx¿ x'g' o; gLltsf] cfˆgf]kgf x'g;S5 . gLltsf] yk ljz]iftf s] b]lvG5 eg] o;n] ;a}h;f]pkgLlt / sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf æ:yfgLo ;d'bfoÆ nfO{g} s]Gb|laGb' agfP/ gLltsf] JofVofdf ´08} #) k6sTof] zAbfjnL pkof]u ePsf] 5 . t/, gLltlgdf{0fdf Tof]s]Gb|laGb'nfO{ slt xb;Dd ;xefuL u/fOof] < o;ljifodf eg] gLltn] k"0f{tof df}gtf ;fFw]sf] 5 . gLltth'{df s;/L eof] < o;sf] k|lqmofut ljifodf k|:t'tgLltdf s'g} s'/f pNn]v ePsf] 5}g .

l;d;f/sf] k|fljlws a'emfOsf af/]df k|:t't /fli6«o l;d;f/gLltsf] klxnf] jfSof+z g} ck"0f{ / e|fds 5 . To;dfpNn]v ePe}+m l;d;f/ æs[lif pTkfbgsf] b[li6n] pa{/ e"ldÆxf]Og, g, t Tof] æh}ljs ljljwtfsf b[li6n] cGoGt} wgLÆg} x'g'k5{ eGg] 5}g . /;'jfsf] uf];fO{+s'08 s;/L s[lifof]Uoxf]nf, cyjf v'Da'If]qsf lxdtfnx¿df slt g} hLjx¿a:nfg\ / tL h}ljs ljljwtfn] wgL xf]nfg\ < t/fO{h:tf]Gofgf] xfjfkfgL If]qsf l;d;f/n] h}ljs ljljwtfsf]s'/fnfO{ s]xL k'li6 unf{, t/ t/fO{sf s]xL l;d;f/n]g]kfnsf] ;du| l;d;f/x¿sf] k|ltlglwTj eg] ub}{g . g]kfnLl;d;f/x¿sf] ljz]iftf o; b]zsf] ef}uf]lns psfnL–cf]/fnLhlQs} ljljw dflgG5g\ .

l;d;f/sf] dxQf eg]sf] jf:tjdf k|s[ltdf ltgn] lgjf{xug]{ kl/j[QLo (Ecological) e"ldsf xf] . l;d;f/n] vf;u/Lpeor/ / ;l/;[k ju{sf k|f0fLx¿sf] hLjg–rqm k"/f ug{cgGo cfjZostf k"lt{ ub{5 . l;d;f/ gxF'bf] xf] t tLk|f0fLx¿sf] cl:tTj g} /xg] lyPg . hnr/sf nflul;d;f/ lgoltsf] af;:yfg x'G5 eg] c¿ y'k|}sf nfluTof] ;ª\s6sf] a]nf cf>o:yn x'G5 . l;d;f/sf] h}ljsljljwtf eg]sf] o;sf] cfˆg} kl/j]zLo u'0fn] ubf{ ToxfFljsl;t /}yfg] (Endemic) k|hfltx¿ x'g\, h}ljs ljljwtfsf]k|r'/tf Toxf“ gx'g klg ;S5 . l;d;f/sf] csf]{ ;ankIf eg]sf] hn / ynsf] kof{j/0fLo cGt/df]x8f(Interface) xf] . oL s'/f eg]sf l;d;f/sf cfwf/e"tu'0fx¿ x'g\, h'g l;d;f/;DaGwL g]kfnsf] /fli6«o gLltdfuf}0f aGg k'u]sf 5g\ .

g]kfnnfO{ l;d;f/sf] /fli6«o gLlt lsg cfjZos k¥of]t < o; ;DaGwdf k|:t't l;d;f/ gLltsf] k[i7e"ldsf]bf];|f] cg'R5]bn] ;g\ !((^ df ePsf] kIf/fi6«x¿sf];Dd]ngn] hf/L u/]sf] lgb] {zgnfO{ ;sf/fTds¿kdfOlª\ut u/]sf] 5 eg] k[i7e"lds} t];|f] cg'R5]bn] g]kfnsfljBdfg P]gsfg'gsf] ck"0f{tfnfO{ gsf/fTds cf}FNofPsf]5 . /fHon] k|ltkflbt ug]{ Pp6f gof“ gLltn] cl3NnfgLlt jf sfg'gx¿sf] ab\VjfO{+ ub}{g, a¿ ltgsf] cf8dfcfjZostfg';f/ gofFsfg'gx¿ to ub{5 . ctM g]kfnsf]slyt\ /fli6«o l;d;f/ gLlt k|fof]lht ePsf] b]lvG5,/fi6«sf] gLlt o;/L k|fof]lht x'g'x'Fb}g .

kl/efiffsf] s;/t / nIo÷p2]Zok|sfzdf cfPsf] g]kfnsf] l;d;f/ gLltdf v'a} s;/tul/Psf] kIf l;d;f/sf] kl/efiff xf] . /fd;f/ dxf;lGwd}ha ljlwjt\ x:tfIf/ eO;s]sf ] 5 eg] /fd;f/;Dd]ngåf/f kl/eflift l;d;f/sf] k'gk{l/efiff lsgcfjZos k¥of] < a'‰g sl7g 5 . /fd;f/ ;Dd]ngaf6:jLs[t kl/efiffnfO{ klg g]kfnsf] l;d;f/ gLltn]kG5fPsf] 5 . jf:tjdf l;d;f/ kl/eflift eO;s]sf]kl/j[QLo zAbfjnL xf] . k|:t't gLlts} efiffdf æljZjdfxfn;Dd l;d;f/sf sl/a %) y/Lsf kl/efiffÆ ljBdfg

l;d;f/ gLltsf]l;l;l;l;l;


jf bftfn] tf]s]sf dflg; dfq bIf x'G5g\ < afF;s}ljifodf ljBfjfl/wL ug{ s'g} ;do g]kfndf afF;v]tLsf]ljsf;sf] axfgfdf cfPsf o'/f]k]nL ljz]if1sf] syfsf]k'g/fj[lQ ePdf ;/sf/n] s] ug]{ < :k:6 zAbdf eGg'kbf{

;d'bfodf sfd ug]{ gfddf cfpg] t/ cg'bfgsf] pkof]ucGo If]q jf To;sf] k|ltkmn ;DalGwt;d'bfo aflx/pkof]u ug{ bafa cfpg] k|sf/sf cg'bfg lng'sf] s'g}cy{ x'Fb}g / To:tf] cg'bfgnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug]{ lxDdt

k|fs[lts ;Dkbf

5g\ . s] ca xfdLn] %! cf}+ kl/efiffsf] cfljisf/ u¥of}+t < w]/} kl/efiffdf kl/efiff yKb} hfFbf kl/efiffn]hg;fwf/0fdf yk e|ddfq k}bf u5{ .

k|:t't l;d;f/ gLltn] nIo -pk–zLif{s #_ / p2]Zo -pk–zLif{s $_ nfO{ gLltsf b'O{ 5'§f5'§} cjojsf ¿kdfcl3;f/]sf] 5 . nIo / p2]ZoaLr s]xL ;"Id lje]bx'g;Snf, t/ tL b'j}df Ps} cy{sf jfSox¿ sf]l/lbP/ ltgsf]b'O{ pkzLif{ssf] cfjZostfnfO{ k|:t't gLlt cfk}mFn] d]6]sf]5 . x'g s] ;SYof] eg] nIodf gLltsf] b[li6 / p2]ZodfTo; gLltsf ofqfx¿ a'Fbfut k|:t't ug{ ;lsGYof] . t/cª\u|]hLsf] Aim / Objective sf] g]kfnL cg'jfbdf dfq;dfgfy{s zAbsf] rog x'g;Sof], zAbleqsf] dd{ To;df/x]g .

l;d;f/ gLltsf] nIo / p2]Zo b'j} pk–zLif{ssf sygdfl;d;f/sf] ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkgsf s'/fx¿ p7fOPsf 5g\ .kl5Nnf j}1flgs cg';Gwfgx¿af6 s] yfxf nfu]sf] 5 eg]PlSnFbf] cj:yfdf /xFbf 7"nf If]qkmn cf]u6\g] ;+/lIftIf]qx¿;d]t Toxf Fleq /x]sf jg:klt / hLjhGt'sf];+/If0flglDt kof{Kt x' “b}gg\ . o;sf/0f, cnu–cnucl:tTjdf /x]sf ;+/If0f If]qx¿aLr ;DaGw sfod u/fpgk|fs[lts dfu{ (Corridor) k|z:t u/fpg'kb{5 . o;af/]sfk|z:t tYox¿ k|sfzdf cfO;s]sf 5g\ / gofF ;+/If0fgLltx¿df tL qmdzM k|ltlalDat x'g yfn]sf 5g\ .g]kfnsf] Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) cfof]hgf o;}sf]Pp6f kl5Nnf] b[i6fGt xf] . tyflk, l;d;f/sf] gLlt;+/If0f / Joj:yfkgsf oL gjLg k|of]ux¿af6 laNs'n}cgle1 b]lvG5 .

p2]Zosf af/]df plNnlvt gLltsf] p2]Zo -pk–zLif{s$_ cGtu{t $=! n] g]kfnsf k|To]s l;d;f/sf] lj:t[tJoj:yfkg of]hgf tof/ kfg]{ s'/f pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .ljZj;Dkbf ;ª\3 cfO{o";LPgn] tof/ kf/]sf] g]kfnsfl;d;f/x¿sf] k|f/lDes ;"rLd} @$) j6f l;d;f/ 5g\,To;df c¿ sof} F ylkg]jfnf 5g\ . s] tL ;a}sf ]Joj:yfkg of]hgf tof/ kfg'{ ;Dej 5 < cyjf, hap2 ]Zosf ] sygdf l;d;f/sf ] lhDdf :yfgLohg;d'bfosf kf]N6fdf xflnG5 eg] s] of] ug'{ cfjZos

5 < hg;d'bfos} ;Gbe{df gLltsf] p2]Zo $=@ n] ltgdf;l~rt l;d;f/;DaGwL 1fg, ;Lk, cEof; / cfljisf/sf];/fxgf u/]sf] 5 t/ $=^ df ltg} hg;fwf/0fdf l;d;f/If]qaf/] hfgsf/L lbg] s'/f pNn]v ub{5 .

dlxnf ;xeflutfsf ljifonfO{ klg k|:t't l;d;f/ gLltn]5'6fPsf] 5}g . p2]Zosf] $=$ a'Fbfdf Tof] ;dflxt 5 . t/To;kl5sf s'g} klg sfof{Gjog a' “bfdf ltgaf/] pNn]vul/Psf] 5}g . o;/L gLltdf n}ª \lus ;dfgtfsf ]cf}krfl/stf ToxL p2]Zoleq} ljno ePsf] b]lvG5 .

l;d;f/ gLltsf afFsL kf7df cf7j6f gLltleqsf gLltx¿n]lvPsf 5g\– :yfgLo ;xeflutfdf cfwfl/t l;d;f/Joj:yfkg gLlt -pk–zLif{s %_, l;d;f/sf] juL{s/0f /Joj:yfkg gLlt -pk–zLif{s ^_, l;d;f/sf] a'l4dQfk"0f{k|of]u ;DaGwL gLlt -pk–zLif{s &_, r]tgf clej[l4;DaGwLgLlt -pk–zLif{s *_, ldrfxf k|hfltnfO{ /f]syfd, lgoGq0f/ Joj:yfkg ug]{ -gLlt <, pk–zLif{s (_ l;d;f/Joj:yfkg;DaGwL ;+:yfut gLlt -pk–zLif{s !)_, l;d;f/k|lts"n sfo{df /f]s nufpg] gLlt -pk–zLif{s !!_, /dfl;Psf Pjd\ dfl;g] vt/fdf k'u]sf l;d;f/;DaGwLgLlt -pk–zLif{s !@_ tyf b'O{j6f sfo{ -pk–zLif{s !# /!$_ ;DaGwL JofVofx¿ 5g\ . tL JofVofdf gf}nf] s'/feGbfbf]xf]/fkgf Hofbf e]l6G5 .

æa'l4dtfk"0f{ / lbuf] k|of]uÆ vflt/ k|:t't gLltn] l;d;f/nfO{Joj:yfkgsf b[li6n] juL{s/0f u/]sf] 5 . t/ ;d:of s] 5eg] l;d;f/nfO{ cfk"m s'g dGqfno jf ljefucGtu{t k5{;f] s'/f yfxf x'Fb}g, g t ToxfF /Dg] kz'kG5L / af]6la?jfnfO{g} . pgLx¿nfO{ yfxf x'g] s'/f eg]sf] k|fs[lts jftfj/0fdfq} xf] h;sf] /fhgLlts l;dfª\sg / k|zf;lgs OsfOx'Fb}g . ;+/If0fsf] d"ndGq lj1fgl;t /xG5, lj1fglagfsf]k|zf;lgs Joj:yfkg lgodfg';f/sf tf]s cfb]z / l6Kk0fL;b/sf sfuhdf ;Lldt x'g k'U5 .

cGtdf,o;k|sf/, k|sflzt g]kfnsf] /fli6«o l;d;f/ gLlt, @)%(df pNn]v ul/Ph:t} ;+/If0f / ljsf;sf cfhef]ln k|rlnt;a} zAbx¿ ;dfj]z ug]{ k|lqmof k'u]sf] 5, t/ gjLg;f]rfOsf] cefjdf k|sflzt gLlt sfgf] dfdfl;jfo s]xLaGg ;s]sf] 5}g . s] xfdL Tof] pvfgeGbf dfly slxNo}p7\g} g;Sg] /x]5f+} t <

*n]vs l/;f];]{; lxdfnosf] r'l/of–l;d;f/ cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUg x'g'x'G5 .

;f/ slt <–8f= lbg]z/fh e'h"*


;/sf/n] lng'kb{5 . To;f] ePdf oxfF ;fF9] eP/l;F3f}/L v]Nb} a;]sf s]xL ;+:yfx¿n] kSs} klg kf7l;Sg]5g\ .

;/sf/sf] bfloTj ;d'bfonfO{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] /To;sf] k|ltkmnsf] ;dfg'kflts ljt/0f ug]{ x'g'kb{5 .;]jfk|bfg u/]afkt ;]jfu|fxLaf6 /fh:j jf s/ k|fKtug'{ ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ xf] . t/, bftfsf] nx}nx}dfnfu]/ jf nufgLsf] k|ToIf nfe lng] lgotn] ;/sf/n]Jofkf/ g} ug{ yfNof] eg] p;n] lbg] ;]jfsf] u'0f:t// Odfgbf/Lk|lt cfzª\sf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . TolQdfq xf]Og,l;d;f/ gL ltn ] lgwf { /0 f u/ ]sf ] :yfgLo;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] clwsf/ g} s'l07t x'g] s'/fnfO{ klg7f]s'jf ug{ ;lsG5 .

xfdLsxfF ljutdf ag]sf sfo{qmd, ah]6 ljlgof]hg,sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog cflb ljifonfO{ s]nfpg] xf] eg]ljs[ltsf k|z:t gd'gf ge]l6g] xf]Ogg\ . t;y{, ljutdfs;n] s] u¥of] eGg] ljifotkm{ nfUg'eGbf jt{dfg ;dosf]cfjZostf / :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] cj:yfk|lt Wofg s]lGb|tx'g'kb{5 . jif{df Pslbg l;d;f/ lbj; jf ljZj jftfj/0flbj; jf h}ljs ljljwtf lbj; dgfpFb}df / Psfwsfo{kqdfly 5nkmn x'Fb}df :yfgLo ;d'bfo kl/rflntx'G5 eGg] ;f]Rg' unt dfq xf]Og, xf:of:kb klg x'G5 .t/ klg o; k|j[lQdf ;'wf/sf nIf0f b]Vg kfOPsf] 5}g .

leq k;]/ o:tf ljifo vf]tNg] g} xf] eg] lgs} nfdf]>[ª\vnf tof/ x'g;S5 . ;/sf/n] l;d;f/ gLlt nfu"ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf To;sf] ;xL sfof{Gjog x'g'kb{5eGg] s'/fdf ;a} kIfn] hf]8 lbg' hlt h?/L 5, :yfgLo;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ o; ljifodf k|ToIf¿kdf ;+nUgu/fP/ gLltsf] sfof{Gjog Jofjxfl/s¿kdf ug'{ klg TolQg} cfjZos 5 . l;d;f/ gLltsf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;Gbe{dflgDg ljifonfO{ cufl8 ;fl/g' cfjZos b]lvG5 M

cflwsfl/s lgsfosf] Joj:yf M g]kfndf l;d;f/If]qsf] klxrfg / ;+/If0fsf nflu :jtGq t/ cflwsfl/slgsfosf] cefj b]lvPsf] 5 . xfn;Dd ;/sf/L tj/af6/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefusf] Pp6fzfvfn] o;;DaGwL] sfo{ ub}{cfPsf] 5 . ;f] zfvfn]ljefu / ;/sf/;Fu ;dGjo u/]/ sfo{ ul//x]sf] ePklg l;d;f/ If ]qsf ] klxrfg, ; +/If0f / lbuf ]Joj:yfkgsf nflu k"0f{¿kdf sfd ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .

k|fs[lts ;Dkbfljefu;Fu ePsf] Go"g ah]6, l;d;f/;DaGwL sfg'gsf]cefjh:tf s'/fn] klg ;f] zfvfsf] sfo{If]q ;ª\s'lrtePsf] b]lvG5 . ljZj ;+/If0f ;ª\3 / ljZjjGohGt';+/If0f sf]ifn] h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0fsf ;Gbe{df;/sf/nfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf eP klg l;d;f/ If]qs};+/If0f;DaGwL eg] Hofb} yf]/} dfq sfd ePsf 5g\ . ;f]zfvfn] ;/sf/L ah]6sf] cefjsf sf/0f tL ;+:yfaf6k|fKt x'g] ;xof]udf ;~rflnt x'g'kg]{ cj:yf cfpg' g};a}eGbf 7"nf] cK7]/f] x'g;Sb5 . o; cj:yfaf6 kf/kfpg ;/sf/n] l;d;f/ Joj:yfkg ljefu :yfkgf ug'{cfjZos b]lvG5 .

l;d;f/x¿sf] klxrfg M l;d;f/ gLltsf] k"0f {

sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfndf slt l;d;f/ If]q 5g\ eg]/yfxf kfpg' cfjZos x'G5 . g]kfndf sf]zL6Kk' jGohGt'cf/If, 3f]8f3f]8L tfn, hubLzk'/ tfn / la;xhf/Ltfndfq l;d;f/ If]q xf]Ogg\ . ljZj ;+/If0f ;ª\3n] g]kfndf@$) j6f l;d;f/ If]q /x]sf] hgfPsf] eP klg g]kfndfxhf/f}F l;d;f/ If]q 5g\, h;sf] klxrfg ul/Psf] 5}g jful/P klg ltgsf] gfd aflx/ Nofpg] k|of; g} ePsf]5}g . jif]{gL s/f]8f}F vr{ u/]/ o; If]qdf sfd ug]{ ;+:yfn]o;;DaGwdf s'/f] rkfpg' lgs} b'vbkIf xf] .

g]kfndf slt l;d;f/ If]q 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] k|f/lDescWoog g} ePsf] 5}g . ;Defljt If]qsf] :ynut ofqfug'{ klxn] g} pknAw tYo tyf ;fwgsf] pkof]u u/LTo:tf If]qsf] klxrfg ug{ ;lsG5 . g]kfndf 6f]kf]u|flkmsDofk, l;g]8f Dofk / lkmg]8f Dofk;d]t tof/ eO;s]sf]cj:yfdf tL gS;fs} cWoogaf6 klg klxrfg x'g afFsLw]/} gofF l;d;f/sf] klxrfg ;Dej x'G5 . olQ sfd ug{s'g} 7"nf] nufgL / vr{ klg nfUb}g . gS;f jf u|fkmsf]cWoogaf6 If]q klxrfg ug{ Pshgf ljz]if1 / b'O{hgf;xof]uLnfO{ Ps jif{ g} nfu] klg t'ngfTds¿kdf w]/}sd vr{ nfUb5 . k]ml/ g]kfns} ljz]if1 o; sfo{sfnflu k"0f{;Ifd ePsfn] o; sfo{sf nflu s'g} ljb]zLljz]if1 g} rflxg] klg xf]Og .

;/sf/n] l;d;f/ gLlt sfof{Gjog g} ug]{ xf] eg]l;d;f/ If]qsf] klxrfgsf nflu tbf¿stf b]vfpg'kb{5/ klxrfg ePsf l;d;f/ If]qsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs,;f+:s[lts / If]qkmnnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ ljleGg ju{dfljefhg ug'{kb{5 . o;/L juL{s[t l;d;f/sf] ;+/If0f


k|fs[lts ;Dkbf/ lbuf ] Joj:yfkgsf nflu pko'Qm sfo{of ]hgfagfpg ;lsG5 .

hgr]tgf clej[l4 M l;d;f/nfO{ sfd gnfUg], pAhf

gx'g], k|s[ltsf] cle;fk / v]/ uO/x]sf] e"ldsf ¿kdflng] rng g]kfndf dfq xf]Og, ljZjsf w]/} :yfgdfcem} k|rlnt 5 . o; kl/k| ]Iodf l;d;f/ h}ljsljljwtfsf] pko'Qm ynf] xf] / o;sf] ;xL 9ª\uaf6pkof]u ug{ ;lsP k|z:t cfly{s nfe lng ;lsG5 eGg]s'/fdf :yfgLo:t/df hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug'{ cfjZos5 . jt{dfg ;dodf cfPsf] l;d;f/ gLltn] o;s'/fnfO { klg :jLsf/ ]sf ] b ] lvG5 . o;sf ] cy {hg;xeflutf / ltgsf] r]tgf j[l4 gePdf l;d;f/gL ltn ] ;kmntf kfpg ;Sb }g eGg ] cg 'ejgLltlgdf{tfaf6 ePsf] b]lvG5 . t/, k|Zg a'emfO / gLltth'{df u/fOdf dfq ;Lldt x'Fb}g . d"n s'/f o;sf]sfof {Gjog xf ] . gLltn] pNn]v u/]sf ] hgr]tgfclej[l4sf] ljifonfO{ ;/sf/n] :yfgLo ;d'bfodfKofs]h sfo{qmd lnP/ hfg' cfjZos 5 . To:tf] Kofs]hsfo{qmdn] ;d'bfosf ;a} ;b:onfO{ ;d]6\g ;Sg'kb{5 .

j}slNks ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf M sf]zL6Kk' jGohGt' cf/Ifg]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] / ljZjd} kl/lrt ;/sf/åf/f;+/lIft l;d;f/ xf] . ljZjd} gkfOg] b'n{e r/f / cgf{kfOg' o;sf] uf}/jdo kIf klg xf] . ut ;ftf dfqg]kfnsf] r/f dxf]T;j dgfOPsf] sf]zL6Kk'sf] jf:tljsufyf eg] km/s / kL8fbfoL 5 . sf]zL6Kk' cf/Ifcf;kf;sf ufpFn]n] To;af6 s] nfe k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ /ToxfF ltgaf6 x'g] cltqmd0f lgoGq0f ug{ s:tf] /0fgLltclVtof/ ul/Psf] 5 eg]/ 3f]lTng'kg]{ cj:yf klg Ho"Fsf To"F 5 . To; If]qnfO{ dWojtL{ If]qsf ¿kdf lnP/:yfgLo ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf k"lt{ ug]{ k|of; ePsf]5 . tyflk, h'g :t/df vr{ ul/Psf] 5, To;}:t/df;d'bfonfO{ j}slNks ;|f]t pknAw u/fpg] sfo{ eg]ePsf] 5}g . ltgn] cfˆgf kz'nfO{ 3fF; v'jfpg gkfpg]cj:yf l;h{gf eof] eg] s[lifsf w]/} If]qdf To;sf] k|ToIfc;/ kb{5 . bfp/f ;ª\sng ug{ gkfP OGwgsf nflut8\lkg'kg]{ x'G5 . o:tf w]/} ljifo :yfgLo cfjZostfsf;/f]sf/sf ljifo aGb5g\ . ctM To:tf If]qdf lghLjgsf ] ljsf;, 3f F;v ]tL , gjLs/0f Lo pmhf {dfcg'bfgh:tf ljifodf :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ ;+nUg

u/fpg]tkm{ hf]8 lbg' cfjZos x'G5 . cfocfh{gsfgfddf b'O{–rf/ dlxgfsf] tflnd lbFb}df To;af6/f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf x'g;Sb}g . tflndk|fKt ljifodf sfdug{ ltgn] cfjZos k'FhL h'6fpg ;Sb5g\ jf ;Sb}gg\eGg] k|Zg dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . a}ª\saf6 C0f pknAwu/fpFb}df klg ;d:of ;dfwfg x'Fb}g . C0fsf] ;b'kof]u,sfd ug]{ ljifosf] k|ljlw / pTkflbt j:t' jf ;]jfsf]ahf/sf] klg klxrfg Pjd\ k|a4{g x'g' cfjZos x'G5 .;8s oftfoft gePsf] b'u{d ufpFdf uP/ t/sf/Lv]tLsf] tflnd lbg'sf] s'g} cf}lrTo x'Fb}g .

:yfgLo ;d'bfosf] clwsf/sf] /Iff M ;+/If0f,

Joj:yfkg, lbuf] ljsf; tyf l;d;f/af6 x'g] pTkfbg/ ;]jfdfly :yfgLo ;d'bfo tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfsf]clwsf/ slt x'g] xf], To;sf] lgwf{/0f x'g' h?/L 5 .:yfgLo ufpFn]nfO{ o:tf ljifodf /fd|f] hfgsf/L x'Fb}g .lzIff / r]tgfsf] cefjdf /x]sf :yfgLo ;d'bfon]l;d;f/sf ljifodf hfgsf/L kfP eg] / ;/sf/n]ltgsf] clwsf/ /Iffsf] lhDdf lnof] eg] kf] jf:tljsljsf;sf] k|f/De x'g;Sb5, cGoyf nufgL / k|of; b'j}lg:kmn aGg;Sb5g\ . ;/f]sf/jfnsf] clwsf/ / ltgn]Joxf]g'{kg]{ bflwTjsf ;DaGwdf ;/sf/n] cfk"m :jod\ /;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ k"0f{¿kdf ;';"lrt u/fpg'kb{5 .:yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ ;d]t To:tf] If]qsf] ;+/If0f ug]{;d"xdf ;dfj]z u/fP/ ltgx¿sf] cfjZostfsf]klxrfg ug]{, lg0fo{k|lqmofdf ltgnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg],pgLx¿sf] ljifonfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] / To:tf If]qaf6k|fKt nfesf] lglZrt efu :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] clwsf//Iff tyf cfocfh{gsf sfo{df nufpg] u/L ljz]ifsf]ifsf] :yfkgf ug] {h:tf k|of; ul/Pdf kl/0ffd;sf/fTds g} x'g]5 .

l;d;f/ h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;ª\udynf] dfq geP/ b'n{ehLj / jg:kltsf] ;+/If0fs]Gb| klg xf] . o; If]qaf6 x'g]ef}lts tyf cef}lts nfenfO{ ;dfg¿kdf /fv]/Joj:yfkg of ]hgf tof/ u/ ]df k | fs [ lts ;| f ]tJoj:yfkgn] ;d:of lg¿k0fsf] gofF ¿k k|fKt ug]{5 .ctM l;d;f/ Joj:yfkgaf6 k|fKt x'g] k|ToIf nfenfO{dfq df}lb|s d"Nodf cfFsng ug]{ xf] eg] o:tf s'/fdf;do vr{ ug'{ g} a]sf/ x'G5 . lsgeg] l;d;f/ k|ToIfnfesf t'ngfdf ck|ToIf nfe g} a9L k|fKt x'G5 .


rt'/]sf] csf]{ rdTsf/

k|fs[lts ;Dkbf:d/0fLo 5, o:tf] ck|ToIf nfe, k|ToIf nfesf] t'ngfdfs}of}F u'0ffa9L d"Nojfg\ x'G5 . ctM l;d;f/af6 k|fKtx'g] pTkfbg / ;a} ;]jfnfO{ d"Nodf ¿kfGt/0f u/L o;If]qsf] Joj:yfkg sfo{qmdsf] ¿k/]vf th'{df u/] a9Lk|efjsf/L x'g]5 .

l;d;f/ gLlt sfof{Gjogsf oL ljifoj:t' em§ x]bf{lgs} ;lhnf / ;/n b]lvG5g\ . t/, :yfgLo txdf

ljZj arfp ;+:yfsf] cfly{s ;xof]u tyf ;lqmotfdfsf7df8f} F lhNnfsf] b'u{d ufpF ;FUnf ufpF ljsf;;ldltl:yt s7]/L k|fyldsljBfnosf ] k | fª \u0fdfvfg]kfgLsf] wf/f lgdf{0f sfo{;DkGg ePsf] 5 . cfly{s;|f]tsf] cefjdf /x]sf] ;f]ljBfnosf ] lgoldtk7gkf7gsf nflu;xof ]u:j¿k PslzlIfsf;d]t pknAwu/fPsf] ;f] ;+:yfn] lgdf{0ful/lbPsf ] vfg ]kfgLsf ]wf/faf6 ljBfnosf ljBfyL{,lzIfs;d]t :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] klg nfe k|fKt ug]{ s'/fatfOPsf] 5 . ;+:yfsf cWoIf lzj >]i7n] ;+:yfsfkblwsf/L, :yfgLo a'l4hLjL, ;dfh;]jL, lzIfs tyfljBfyL{x¿sf] pkl:yltdf ljz]if sfo{qmdsf ;fy lgld{twf/fsf] pb\3f6g ug' {ePsf] lyof] . wf/f pb\3f6gsfo{qmd;Fu} u|fdL0f hgtfdf ;dfh;]jfsf] efjgf hfu[t

u/fpg] p2]Zon] ;f]xL uflj;l:yt k|l;4 af}4]Zj/ dlGb/sf]cf;kf;df jgef]h sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf;d]t ul/Psf]

yfxf x'g cfPsf] 5 .

zflGtsf] :yfkgf, dfgj–clwsf/ ; +/If0f ,cfocfh {gsf ljleGgsfo{qmd;d]t ;~rfng ub}{cfPsf] ;f] ;+:yfn] ul/a /h ]x ] Gbf/ 5fq5fqfnfO {5fqj[lQ;d]t k|bfg ub} {cfPsf] 5 . ;+:yfsf cWoIflzj >]i7sf cg';f/ xfnemf]/ dxfª\sfn ufpF ljsf;

;ldltl:yt af}4]Zj/ dfWolds ljBfnodf cWoog/t !$hgf ul/a tyf h]x]Gbf/ ljBfyL{nfO{ ljut # jif{b]lv5fqj[lQ k|bfg ub} { cfPsf] 5 . ;+:yfn] xfn;Ddclw/fHosf ^% hgf 5fq5fqfnfO{ 5fqj[lQ k|bfgul/;s]sf] yfxf ePsf] 5 . ;+:yfn] ;do–;dodflgMz'Ns :jf:Yo lzlj/;d]t ;~rfng ub} { cfPsf]hgfOPsf] 5 . –kof{j/0f ;Dafbbftf

ljZj arfp ;+:yf ;fdflhs sfo{df cu|;/

;fOsnsf] rSsfaf6 rvf{ agfO{ 8fF8fem]/L ufpF ljsf;;ldlt j8f g+= & /fdsf]6df Ps jif{cl3 6]lnlehg;~rfng u/L ;a}nfO{ cfZro{dfkf/]sf gjnk/f;L lhNnf 5/5/]ufpFsf rgaxfb'/ ;f¿ rt'/]n] s'jfsf] kfgLaf6 lah'nLlgsfn]/ km]l/ Psk6s ;a}nfO{ cfZro{df kf/]sf 5g\ .cfˆg } k |of ]ux¿df ;w } F tNnLg /xg ] rt '/ ]n ]cf}krfl/s¿kdf dflyNnf] txsf] s'g} lzIff k|fKt u/]sf5}gg\ . pgL rt'/] ;fdfGo n]vk9 dfq ug{ hfGb5g\ .

Psjif{ klxn] ;fOsnsf] rSsf k|of]u u/L rvf{ agfP/pmhf{ pTkfbg u/L pgn] ufpFel/ 6]lnlehg x]g]{ OR5fnfO{;fsf/ kf/]sf lyP . pgn] 8fF8fem]/L ufpF ljsf; ;ldltj8f g+= * 5/5/]df ;fgf] s'jfdf /x]sf] kfgLnfO{ kfOksf]

dfWodaf6 %) ld6/ tn NofP/ ToxfF lah'nLsf] ;fdfGopks/0f hf]8]/ ufpFsf tLg 3/df lah'nL aQL afNg] Joj:yf

ldnfPsf 5g\ . ;xof]u kfP glhs}/x]sf] ;fFbfvf]nfsf] kfgL3f6df lgs6

eljiodf g} lah'nL lgsfn]/ a'lnª\6f/ / 8fF8fem]/L ufpF

ljsf; ;ldltsf ;of}F kl/jf/nfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofpg;Sg] bfaL

pT;fxL rgaxfb'/n] u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] u/]sf] sfo{sf]

k|rf/k|;f/ ePkl5 pgnfO{ lgs} dflg;x¿n] ;xof]u u/]sf]

lyP . ;fdfGo s[ifs rt'/]n] u/]sf o; pbfx/0fLo sfo{af6

;dfhdf ;sf/fTds k|efj kg]{ / ;dfhn] g} ;'v kfpg]

x'Fbf 5/5/]sf afl;Gbf bª\u k/]sf 5g\ .

–/f}gs nfld5fg], 8fF8fem]/L

uP/ o;nfO{ Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ w]/}lsl;dsf r'gf }tLsf ] ;fdgf ug' {kg ] { x 'g;Sb5 .;/sf/n] To:tf r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug]{ ;fx; h'6fP/o; If]qdf cufl8 a9\g' >]o:s/ x'g]5 . l;d;f/sf]Joj:yfkg / ;+/If0f sfo{k|ult :ynuteGbf sfuhL–7]nLd} lrQ a'emfpg] cj:yf cfof] eg] Tof] ;a}sfnflu b':s/ ;fljt x'g]5 . ✪


s'g} ;r]t kl/jf/df aRrf hlGdof] eg] To; kl/jf/n]j/k/sf] jftfj/0fk|lt lrGtf JoQm ug{ yfNb5 . …;ª\utu'gfsf] kmnÚ eGg] g]kfnL pvfgsf] k|rngn] u|fdL0f;d'bfodf /x ]sf ] dfgjLo rfnrng, Jojxf/ /ultljlw;Fu ;DalGwt jftfj/0fnfO { hgfp Fb5 .o;}sf/0f gofF aRrfsf] ;fdflhs ;ª\ut, ldqx¿sf]Jojxf/h:tf ljifodf kl/jf/n] ;f]Rg] ub{5 . aRrfnfO{;fyL ;ª\utsf] cfjZostf gx'Fbf;Dd p;sf cleefjss]jn ;f]Rg] dfq unf{g\ t/ ha aRrf ;fyL;ª\utdfnfUb5, cleefjs Tof] s:tf] ;ª\ut xf] eg]/ rgfvf]x'g]ub{5 / v/fa ;ª\utaf6 5'6fpg] k|oTg ub{5 .afnaRrfsf nflu ;fyL;ª\ut d'Vo jftfj/0f xf] .dflysf] pvfgcg';f/ klg h:tf] ;ª\utdf aRrf x'Sof]{,To;n] To:t} Jojxf/ u|x0f ub{5 . /fd|f] ;ª\utdf aRrfn]rnv]n ug{ kfof] eg] To;sf] eljio Tot}lt/ 8f]xf]l/G5 .g/fd|f] ;ª\utdf nfUof] eg] p;n] ToxL Jojxf/ u|x0fu/]/ k|:t't x'G5 .

oxfF ljj]rgf ug{ vf]lhPsf] ljifo jftfj/0fn] dflg;nfO{s;/L k|efj kfb{5 eGg] xf] . dfgj;dfhdf jftfj/0fsf] dxŒj sltx'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] ;fdfGo b[i6fGtdfq xf ] of ] . jf:tjdf Pp6fdfgjn] k[YjLdf kfOnf 6]s]b]lv g}p;dfly jftfj/0fn] slt k|efjkfb{5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ a'em\g aRrfsf]dgf]j[lQb]lv g} cWoog ul/g'k5{ .afnaRrfsf] nflu klxnf] jftfj/0f3/sf cleefjs x'g\ eg] bf];|f ]>]0fLdf p;sf ;fyL;ª\ut kb{5g\ .oL b'j} jftfj/0f c;n ePdfaRrfn] x's{g] qmddf g/fd|f] af6f]lng] ;Defjgf w]/} Go"g x'G5 .

Pp6f aRrfn] x's{g] qmddf k|fKtug ] { :jefjhGo jftfj/0fsf ]k |efjnfO { g } u |x0f ub{5 t/,ljj]rgf ul/Ph:t} 3/kl/jf/ /

;fyL;ª\ut dfq jftfj/0f xf]Og . jftfj/0fsf] kl/efiffn]w]/ } a [xb\ If ]q cf]u6\b5 . oxL Jofkstfsf sf/0fjftfj/0f clxn] ljZjsf nflu dxŒjk"0f{ / uDeL/ rf;f]sf]lji fo ag ]sf ] 5 . x/ ]s dfgjsf lqmofsnfkn ]jftfj/0fnfO{ k|lts"nc;/ kfl//x]sf ] 5 . dflg;jftfj/0fsf ] Ps cleGg cª \u eP klg p;sflqmofsnfk g} k[YjLdf lg/Gt/ ablnFbf] jftfj/0fsf]sf/s klg ag]sf 5g\ . ctM jftfj/0f ljgf;sf] k|d'vlhDd]jf/L klg p;}df hfG5 .

ljsf;sf b[li6sf]0f of] o'u lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] o'u xf] .lj1fgn / k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / lg/Gt/ gjLs/0fn]dfgjhfltnfO{ cfw'lgs ;Eotfsf] prfOdf k'¥ofPsf] 5 .t/ k|fs[lts jftfj/0fdf ljsf; / cf}Bf]lusLs/0faf6kl//x]sf] k|lts"n k|efj dfgjhLjgs} nflu cle;fklz4x'g yfn]sf] 5 . Pstkm{ lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;af6k|fKt pknlAw xfd|f] nflu j/bfg;fljt ePsf] 5 eg]csf]{tkm{ jftfj/0fLo ljgf; / k|b"if0f cfˆg} v'§fdf

aGr/f] xfg]h:tf] ePsf] 5 . lj1fg/ k | lj lwsf ] ljsf;sf sf/0fcfljisf/ ePsf ljleGg oGq /ltgsf] ;~rfng ug{ k|of ]u x'g]ljleGg pmhf{hGo j:t'sf] hngaf6pTkGg x 'g ] xf lgsf/s tŒj,pBf]u;lh{t kbfy{, xftxltof/ /ltgsf ] k |of ]uaf6 pT;h{g x 'g ]tŒjx¿n] k|fs[lts jftfj/0fnfO{lg/Gt/ k|b"lift agfO/x]sf] 5 . o;/Ljt {dfg ;dodf eO/x ]sf ]jftfj/0fLo ljgf; tyf k|b "if0f36fpg] / u'0f:t/Lo jftfj/0fsf]lgdf{0f tyf ;+/If0f lj1fgsf nflug} r'gf}tLsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 .

cf0 f ljs xltof/ tyf pmhf {pTkfbgsf ljleGg k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n]jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0fnfO{ cem ljs/fn

lalu|Psf] jftfj/0f /eujfg v8sf dfgj lrGtf

jftfj/0fLo r'gf}tL

s'g} ;dosf] k/df0f'c:qdfzlQmzfnL /fi6« ?;nfO{ clxn]ltg} k/df0f' xltof/ s;/L

gi6 ug]{ eGg] lrGtfn] ;tfPsf]5 . lgld{t / ;l~rt xltof/

gi6 ug{ ?;nfO{ cfly{ssf/0fn] klg 7"nf] r'gf}tL

b]vfk/]sf] 5 . dxŒjk"0f{ s'/feg]sf] cf0fljs xltof/sf]

k|of]u jf gi6 ug{ h'g;'s} z}nLk|of]u u/] klg To;n]

jftfj/0fdfly gsf/fTds c;/kb{5 / cfly{s gf]S;fgL klg

u/fp“5 .


agfPsf] 5 . ut ztfAbLsf] cGtlt/ ePsf] ;f]leot?;sf] r]gf]{ljn cf0fljs e§Lsf] r'xfj6 eP/ pTkGgljls/0faf6 k/]sf] k|efjsf] sNkgfdfq} ug]{ xf] eg] klggflesLo k|b"if0f slt vt/fo'Qm x'G5 eGg] :ki6 x'G5 .ljZjsf clt ljsl;t d'n'sx¿n] klg cf0fljs e§Lsf]:yfkgf / cf0fljs xltof/sf] ljsf;df cfk"mnfO{ cu|;/u/fO/x]sf 5g\ . ljZjdf /x]sf] cf0fljs zlQmsf] xf]8n]k|fs[lts jftfj/0fdf lgZro g} k|lts"n k|efj kfb{5 .

cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / ltgsf] k|of]un] ;Dk"0f{ hLjsfnflu geO{ gx'g] k|f0fjfo' /x]sf] jfo'd08nnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9Lk|b"lift agfpg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf sf/0f k|fs[ltsjftfj/0fsf k|To]s 36sdf k|b"if0f >[ª\vnfa4¿kdf a9\b}uPsf] 5 . o;/L jftfj/0fsf] ljZjJofkL k|b"if0f a9fpg]sfddf cf}Bf]lusLs/0f, cJojl:yt ;x/Ls/0fh:tf s'/fn]d'Vo e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf 5g\ .

x 'g t jftfj/0f ljgf;sf ;DaGwdf xfn cfP/ljZjJofkL¿kdf lrGtf ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . jf:tjdflalu|Psf] jftfj/0f ;'wf/ ug'{ 7"nf] r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfo{ klgxf] . cfkm}Fn] lgdf{0f u/]sf j}1flgs k|ljlw, xftxltof/,cf }Bf ] lus ljsf;, k | fs [ lts ;| f ]tsf ] clgof ] lhtpkef]uh:tf sf/0fn] lgDTofPsf] jftfj/0fLo ;d:ofn]ljZjnfO{ g} lk/f]n]sf] 5 . s'g} ;dosf] k/df0f' c:qdfzlQmzfnL /fi6« ?;nfO{ clxn] ltg} k/df0f' xltof/s;/L gi6 ug]{ eGg] lrGtfn] ;tfPsf] 5 . 7"nf] dfqfdflgld{t / ;l~rt xltof/ gi6 ug{ ?;n] cfly{s sf/0fn]klg TolQs} 7"nf] r'gf}tL Joxf]g'k/]sf] 5 . dxŒjk"0f{ s'/feg]sf] cf0fljs xltof/sf] k|of]u jf gi6 ug{ h'g;'s}z}nL k|of]u u/] klg To;n] jftfj/0fdfly gsf/fTdsc;/ kb{5 / cfly{s gf]S;fgL klg u/fpF5 .

jftfj/0fsf] csf]{ b'Zdg cf}Bf]lus ljsf; klg xf] .pBf]uaf6 lg:s]sf] kmf]xf]/, w"jfF / k|b"lift /;fogn] ;du|jftfj/0fnfO{ lg/Gt/ k|b"lift agfO/x]sf] 5 . v'nfxfjfdf Zjf; lng] :ynLo hLj dfq xf]Og, hnLok|f0fLn] ;d]t jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0fsf] k|efjsf] ;fdgfug'{kl//x]sf] 5 . cf}Bf]lus k|b"if0fsf] ¿kdf lgl:sPsf]/;fog gbL, vf]nf / ;d'b|df ˆofFSg] k|j[lQn] hnk|b"if0fal9/x]sf] 5 . klZrdL d'n'saf6 k|f/De ePsf] cf}Bf]lusljsf; ljsf;f]Gd'v tyf cljsl;t /fi6«df km}nFbfTo;sf] k|ljlwdf dfq xf]Og, jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0f klg;Fu } km }ngk'Uof ] . s]xL bzsklxn];Dd cf }Bf ] lus

ljsf;sf sf/0f x'g] k|b"if0fsf] lhDd]jf/ ljsl;t /fi6«nfO{dfq dflgGYof] eg] clxn] ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n's klg To;sf]efuLbf/ aGg yfn]sf 5g\ .

jftfj/0f k|b"if0f hxfFaf6, h;/L k|f/De ePsf] eP klgof] ;d:of ljsl;t /fi6«df dfq ;Lldt 5}g . ljZjsfg]kfnh:tf cljsl;t tyf ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«df o;sf];d:of cem eofgs aGb} 5 . lzIff tyf hgr]tgfsf]cefj, ul/aL tyf k|fs[lts ;|f ]tdflysf] cTolwslge{/tf, a9\bf] e|i6frf/ / jGo;|f]tsf] t:s/Lh:tf w]/}sf/0fn] ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sdf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f /;Daw{gsf lqmofsnfk lgs} k5fl8 k/]sf 5g\ .

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sd ug{ k"j{tof/L / p4f/sfo{sf ;DaGwdf klg ;dfhqmlds¿kdf ;r]t aGb} uPsf] kfOG5 . o;k|sf/lgoldt¿kdf cfpg] k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf] /fd|f] of]hgfx'g] xf] eg] tfTsflns p4f/ / k'g:yf{kgf klg ;dfhdfTolQ sl7g x'Fb}g .

ærfx] klg kfOFb}g Û kfP klg rflxFb}g ÛÆ eg]h:t} e'OFrfnf]To:tf] k|sf]k xf], hf] hlxn] klg cfpg;S5 . af9Lklx/f]hfg, jiff{ / l;tnx/ rNg lxpFb nfUg'k5{, t/ e'OFrfnf]hf8f], udL{, jiff{b\ h'g;'s} df};ddf klg hfg;S5 . o;sfnflu g v8]/L kg'{k5{, g t x'/L–atf; g} rNg'k5{ . o;sf]/x:o eg] ;w}F k[YjLsf] ue{df n'ls/fv]sf] x'G5 . …s'df/Ls]6Ln] cfˆgf] gfhfoh ;GtfgnfO{ uf]Ko¿kdf k]6dfx'sf{Pem}F k[YjLn] o;sf] /x:onfO{ n'sfO/fv]sf] x'G5 . hak[YjL k|zj j]bgfn] 56kl6G5], elTsg yfN5g\ xfd|f 3/,clg ;'? x'G5 xfxfsf/ ÛÚ

k[YjLsf] leqL ;txdf tftf], n]bf] kbfy{ / ;fgf–7"nf y'k|}r§fgx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . k[YjLsf] ue{df /x]sf oL kbfy{x¿dfljleGg sf/0fn] ljrng k}bf x'G5 . o;/L ljrng k}bfx'Fbf tL kbfy{x¿aLr w/flknf] cGt/fn jf c;xh:j¿kpTkGg x'G5 . ToxL w/flknf] cGt/fn jf c;xh cj:yf;fdfGo x'g]] k|lqmofdf 7"nf] zlQm pTkGGf x'G5 / To;sf]rfkn] e"–;txdf ;d]t sDkg k}bf x'G5 . sDkg slt 7"nf]x'g] xf] < To;n] slt If]qnfO{ k|efljt kfg]{ xf] < slt ;dosfod /xg] xf] < eGg] s'/f] ToxL ljrngaf6 l;lh{tw/flknf] cj:yf / To;sf sf/0f pTkGg zlQmdf lge{/ub{5 . ctM k[YjLsf] e"ue{df pTkGg x'g] xnrnsf sf/0faGg] c;xh cj:yfaf6 pTkGg zlQmsf sf/0f aflx/L;txdf cfpg] 7"nf] jf ;fgf] sDkg jf ;tx xlNng]k|lqmofnfO{ g} e'OFrfnf] elgG5 .

e'O“rfnf];DaGwL kf}/fl0fs syg Mcfhsf] j}1flgs hutn] cGo ljifodf h:t} e'OFrfnf]hfg] j}1flgs sf/0f;DaGwL Jofks cWoog ul/;s]sf]5 . j}1flgs vf]hdf k|fKt pknlAw;Fu} k[YjL r]K6f] geO{;'Gtnfh:tf] uf]nf] cfsf/ ePsf] ;To w]/} klxn] k|dfl0fteO;s]sf] 5 . tyflk, cg';Gwfg / vf]hsf] c1fgtfj;clxn] klg xfd|f ?l9u|:t ufpF–;dfhdf …b]jLb]jtfl/;fP/ jf xfQLn] sfFw km]bf{ e'OFrfnf] cfpF5Ú eGg]dfGotf lj:yfkg x'g;s]sf] 5}g . …x]/ slnsf] nLnf Ûhtftt} kfk}kfk dfq 5, clg cfpFb}g t e'OFrfnf] .Úo:tf cGwljZjf;k"0f{ af]nL cem} klg ufpF3/df ;'lgg5f]8]sf] 5}g .

k[YjLdf x/]sf jif{ slt e'O“rfnf] hfG5g\ <-;g\ !(() b]lv !(() ;Ddsf] cWoogdf cfwfl/t_

:t/ dfk -/]S6/:s]n_ ;/b/ ;ª\Vof

ljgf;sf/L * eGbf dfly !

7"nf] & b]lv &=( !&

zlQmzfnL ^ b]lv ^=( !#$

xn'sf % b]lv %=( !#!(

;fgf] $ b]lv $=( !#,)))

;fdfGo # b]lv #=( !#),)))

clt ;fdfGo @ b]lv @=( !,#)),)))

k|fs[lts k|sf]k


e'OFrfnf]sf af/]df k/fk"j{sfnb]lv g} dflg; kl/lrt lyP .elgG5, k[YjLdf cflbdsfndf w]/} 7"nf e'OFrfnf] cfpFy] .dfgj ljsf;n] km8\sf] gdf/]sf] ;f] ;dodf To;/Lcfpg] e'OFrfnf]n] k[YjLsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yfdf ;d]tkl/jt{g NofpFYof] . cf]8f/ eTsFbf ToxfF cf>o lnP/a;]sf dflg; tyf hgfj/ k'l/P/ dy]{, 3'dGt]x¿ jgsf¿v n8\bf lslrP/ dy]{ . clxn]sf] h:tf] cfjf;sf] ljsf;gePsf] x'Fbf e'OFrfnf]sf] cToGt 7"nf] em6\sfn] klgclxn]sf] h:tf] hgwgsf] Iflt eg] w]/} x'Fb}gYof] .

k |frLgsfndf k[YjL yfn cfsf/sf ] r]K6f ] ePsf ]dflgGYof] . To;a]nfsf dfG5] k[YjLsf] tn kfgL 5 /To; kfgLdf 7"nf–7"nf rf/j6f df5fn] k[YjLnfO{af]ls/x]sf 5g\ eGg] ljZjf; ub{y] . ha oL df5fx¿rndnfpF5g\, k[YjL xlNnG5, ta e'OFrfnf] cfpF5 eGg]dfGotf pgLx¿sf] lyof] . To;}u/L k[YjLd'lgsf] ;fu/df/x]sf 7"nf–7"nf s5'jfdfly plePsf rf/j6f xfQLn]k[YjLnfO{ cfˆgf] sfFwdf yfld/x]sf 5g\, ha oL xfQLn]sfFw km]b{5g\ jf s5'jf rndnfpF5, k[YjL xNnG5 /e'OFrfnf] cfpF5Ú eGg] dfGotf /x]sf] klg kfOG5 .To;}u/L k[YjLnfO{ z]ifgfun] yfd]sf] 5 / To;n] cfˆgf]z/L/ rnfpFbf k[YjL xlNnP/ e'OFrfnf] hfG5 eGg] s'/fklg kf}/flf0fs u|Gyx¿df pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 . oLkf}/fl0fs sygdf k[YjL xlNng] sf/0fsf] h]–h:tf] JofVoful/P klg k[YjL xlNnP/ g} e'OFrfnf] hfG5 eGg] s'/fdfeg] j}1flgsx¿;d]t ;xdt /x]sf 5g\ .

e'O“rfnf] hfg] sf/0fk[YjLaf6 csf] { u|xdf a;fOF ;g{ tD;]sf] of] o'u,j}1flgs o'u xf ] . k[YjLsf ] pTklQ, oxf Fsf ] hLjljsf;qmd, k[YjLsf] leqL ;tx, hnjfo'b]lv oxfFsf x/]shLj, jg:klt / s0f–s0fsf] cWoogdf nfluk/]sf] 5cfhsf] ljZj Û oBlk, k[YjL xfd|f] ;dfhn] eujfg\sf]

¿kdf dfGb} laxfg–laxfg bz{g ug]{u/]sf] HjfnfdoLlk08 ;"o{af6 pl5l§Psf] Pp6f 6'qmf] xf] eg]/ w]/}klxn]j}1flgs cWoogn] k|dfl0ft ul/;s]sf] 5 . o;/Lpl5l§P/ ag]sf] xfd|f] k[YjL ;]nfpFb} hfFbf sfnfGt/dfhLjgcg's"n aGgk'Uof] eGg] j}1flgs dfGotf 5 .jf:tjdf k[YjL k"0f{¿kdf ;]nfO;s]sf] eg] 5}g / lg/Gt/;]nfpg] qmddf 5 . o;sf] leqL efu cem} cToGt tftf]ePsf] x'Fbf ToxfFsf x/]s j:t'x¿ pDnFbf] emf]n cj:yfdf/x]sf 5g\ . o;/L e"ue{sf] tftf]kg sfnfGt/df x/fPkl5xfd|f ] z/L/; ] n f p F b fd'6'sf] rfnx / f P h : t }k [ Y j L s f ]c l : t T j/xG5 ls/xGg, Tof ]cs}{ k|Zg xf] . k[YjLsf] ue{sf] tftf]kgn] g} o;nfO{ hLjGtagfO/fv]sf] 5 / of] tftf]kgsf sf/0f l;h{gf x'g] ljleGgkl/l:ylt o;sf] lhjGttfsf k|df0f x'g\ .

e"ue{sf] tftf]kgn] pTkGg x'g] rfk clws ePkl5k[YjLsf] sdhf]/ efuaf6 Hjfnfd'vL k'm6]/ nfef jfDofUdfsf ¿kdf aflx/ lg:sg] ub{5 . o;/L Hjfnfd'vLlj:kmf]6 x'Fbf To;j/k/sf] e"–w/ftndf xnrn k}bf eO{e'OFrfnf] cfpF5 . t/ o:tf] Hjfnfd'vL lj:kmf]6sf sf/0fx'g] e'OFrfnf] Hjfnfd'vLsf] k|efjIf]qdf dfq hfg]ub{5 .xfdLn] cg'ej ub} { cfPsf] w]/}h;f] e'OFrfnf] eg]Hjfnfd'vL lj:kmf]6sf sf/0f x'g] e'OFrfnf] xf]Og .

k[YjLsf] aflx/L kq lrl;P/ 7f];¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . o;n]cljlR5Gg¿kdf k[YjLsf] leqL efudf /x]sf] tftf] emf]nkbfy{nfO{ aflx/ lg:sgaf6 /f]s]sf] 5 . j}1flgscWoogcg';f/ e"ue{sf] s]Gb|laGb'cf;kf; tftf]kgsfsf/0f klUnPsf kbfy{dfly ljleGg agfj6sf $ b]lvk[YjLsf k|d'v 6]S6f]lgs Kn]6x¿ .

pQ/ cd]l/sL

Kofl;lkms

o'/]l;og

OlG8ogb= cd]l/sL

cG6fl6{s

lkmln

kfog clk|msgc/]laog

;f]P6f

sf]s;

gfhsf

Sofgj]l/og

ulx/f] wf“hf

e'O“rfnf] hf“bf pTkGg zlQmn] e";txdf kg]{ c;/sf] cj:yf .

k]lGhof

@) s/f]8 jif{ cl3sf] Psdfq 6]S6f]lgs Kn]6 .

k|fs[lts k|sf]k


%) dfOn;Dd df]6fOsf ljzfn r§fgx¿ t}l//x]sf 5g\ .6]S6f]lgs Kn]6 elgg] tL r§fg lg/Gt/¿kdf ultzLn5g\ . j}1flgsx¿sf] sygcg';f/ o:tf Kn]6x¿sf];ª\Vof k[YjL ;]nfpg] qmd;Fu} a9\b} uPsf] xf] . @) s/f]8jif{ klxn];Dd k[YjLdf kf]lGhof elgg] Pp6} dfq Kn]6ePsf] k[YjLleq xfn cfP/ o:tf & j6f ljzfnlqmofzLn r§fgL Kn]6x¿;lxt cGo ;–;fgf y'k|} Kn]6x¿/x]sf 5g\ . jf:tjdf oL leqL r6\6fgx¿n] g} xfd|f]aflx/L e"v08sf] ;d]t k|ltlglwTj ub{5g\ . k[YjLsf]leqL ;txdf /x]sf oL r§fgL Kn]6x¿ k|ltjif{ !=% b]lv@=% ;]lG6ld6/sf b/n] ;b{5g\ . rnfodfg cj:yfsftL r§fg Pscfk;df 7f]lSsFbf, vlK6Fbf / cnu x'Fbfxnrn k}bf eO{ Pp6f w/flknf] cj:yf pTkGg x'G5 .ToxL c;xh cj:yfnfO{ ldnfpg] qmddf zlQm pTkGgx'G5 / k[YjLsf] aflx/L ;tx;Dd wSsf k'Ug]u/L hf]8bf/sDkg k}bf x'G5 . ;fdfGo xnrn k}bf x'Fbf ;fdfGosDkg k}bf x'G5 . o:tf ljzfn r§fgx¿ Ps–cfk;df7f]lSssFbf aflx/L ef}uf]lns cj:yfd} kl/jt{g klgcfpg;Sb5 . o:t} k|lqmofaf6 xfnsf kj{tx¿ ag]sfx 'g \ . o;/L e "ue {df /x ]sf r§fgx¿aLr x 'g ]lqmofsnfkn] cToGt 7"nf] e'OFrfnf] cfO{ k[YjLsf] aflx/L;txsf] :j¿kdf g} kl/jt{g klg cfpg] ;Defjgf/xG5 . e'OFrfnf] gcfpFb} klg logsf] ultzLntfsf sf/0fk[YjLsf] afXo;txdf lgoldt kl/jt{g cfpg] s'/f klgj}1flgs cWoogn] k'li6 u/]sf] 5 .

o;af6 s] lg:sif{df k'Ug ;lsG5 eg]+jf:tadf e'OFrfnf] hfg k[YjLsf] lelq;txdf s'g} k|sf/sf] c;xhtf pTkGgx'g }kb {5 . of ] c;xhtf r6\6fgLe'v08sf] ultzLntf, e'ue{df /x]sftŒjx¿sf] la:kmf]6, k[YjL;tx lequl/g] gflesLo kl/If0fh:tf sf/0faf6pTkGg eO{ e'OFrfnf] hfg ;Qm5 .

aL;f}“ ztfAbLsf 7"nf e'O“rfnfx¿ljZjsf ljleGg :yfgdf jif]{gL ;fgf7"nf e'O Frfnf ] uO/xG5g\ . aL;f } FztfAbLdf uPsf e 'O Frfnf ]sf ]cWoogaf6 s] b]lvG5 eg]+ kTo]s Ps306fdf @ /]S6/:s]neGbf 7"nf !^)j6f e'OFrfnf]sf wSsfx¿ k[YjLdfdx;'; x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . clt ;fgf

cfj[lQsf e'OFrfnf] ;fdfGotof xfdLn] cg'e"t ug{ g;Sg]vfnsf x'G5g\ . hfkfgdf o:tf ;–;fgf e'OFrfnf]sf ;of}Fem6\sf lbgx'F dx;'; x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;fdfGotof ^/]S6/:s]neGbf dflysf e'OFrfnf]af6 hgwgsf] a9L Ifltx'g] u/]sf] cWoogaf6 b]lvG5 .

aL;f}F ztfAbLdf uPsf e'OFrfnf]dWo] To;af6 ePsf] Iflt,k|efjIf]q / dfksf b[li6n] d] @@, !(^) df blIf0fL lrnLs]Gb|laGb' ePsf] e'OFrfnf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] / k|nosf/L /x]sf]5 . To;sf] cl3Nnf] lbg * /]S6/:s]nsf] e'OFrfnf] cfP/lrnLsf] sG;]K;g ;x/df ljWj+z dRrfP/ !)) hgfeGbfa9LnfO{ sfnsf] xftdf ;'Dk]sf] lyof] . ef]lnkN6 cyf{t\ d]@@ sf lbg k'gM ToxLF ztfAbLs} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] e'OFrfnf]cfof] . ;f] e'OFrfnf]sf] dfk (=% /]S6/:s]n /x]sf] lyof],h;sf] k|no hfkfg / lkmlnlkG;n] klg ef]Ug'k¥of] . ;of}F;x/ / ufpFx¿ Wj:t ePsf] lrnLdf dfq dg]{ /x/fpg]x¿sf] ;ª\Vof !) xhf/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf k'u]sf] lyof] .o;kl5sf s}of} F lbg;Dd klg 7"nf–7"nf wSsfx¿cfO/x]sfn] k|efjIf]q klg a9\b} uof] . ljleGg b]zdf y'k|}dfG5] d/]sf / s/f]8f}F 8n/sf] cfly{s gf]S;fgL ePsf]] @)cf}F ztfAbLs} ;aeGbf 7"nf] ;f] e'OFrfnf] * ldg]6 sfod/x]/ klZrdL cd]l/sf, c:6«]lnof, Go'lhNofG8, hfkfg,lkmlnlkG;, ?;sf] sfd56\sf k|foåLk / xjfO{åLknfO{ ;d]ths8]sf] lyof] .

cd]l/sL /fHo cnf:sfsf] klZrddf s]Gb|laGb' eO{ (=@/]S6/:s]n dfkg ul/Psf]df ;g\ !(^$ dfr{ @* sf]

la;f}“ ztfAbLdf ljZjsf 7"nf e'O“rfnf]x¿

qm ;+= ldlt dfk :yfg

!= d] @@, !(^) (=% blIf0f lrnL

@= dfr{ @@, !(^$ (=@ blIf0fL cnf:sf, cd]l/sf

#= dfr{ (, !(%& (=! PlG8«gs åLk, cd]l/sf

$= gf]e]Da/ $, !(%@ (=) sfdrf6\sf, ?;Ldxf;ª\3

% gf]e]Da/ #!, !()^ *=* OSj]8f]/

^ k]ma|'c/L $, !(^% *=& Hof6 åLk, cd]l/sf

& cu:t !%, !(%) *=^ pt/L cf;fdsf] ef/ / rLgsf] l:dfIf]q

* k]ma|'c/L #, !(@# *=% sfdfrf6\sf, ?;Ldxf;ª\3

( k]ma|'c/L !, !(#* *=% jfG8f ;d'b|, OG8f]g]l;of

!)= cS6'a/ !), !(^# *=% s'l/nåLk, ;f]leot ;ª\3 -tTsflng_

la;f}“ ztfAbLdf ljZjsf 7"nf e'O“rfnf]x¿

qm ;+= ldlt dfk :yfg

!= d] @@, !(^) (=% blIf0f lrnL

@= dfr{ @@, !(^$ (=@ blIf0fL cnf:sf, cd]l/sf

#= dfr{ (, !(%& (=! PlG8«gs åLk, cd]l/sf

$= gf]e]Da/ $, !(%@ (=) sfdrf6\sf, ?;Ldxf;ª\3

% gf]e]Da/ #!, !()^ *=* OSj]8f]/

^ k]ma|'c/L $, !(^% *=& Hof6 åLk, cd]l/sf

& cu:t !%, !(%) *=^ pt/L cf;fdsf] ef/ / rLgsf] l:dfIf]q

* k]ma|'c/L #, !(@# *=% sfdfrf6\sf, ?;Ldxf;ª\3

( k]ma|'c/L !, !(#* *=% jfG8f ;d'b|, OG8f]g]l;of

!)= cS6'a/ !), !(^# *=% s'l/nåLk, ;f]leot ;ª\3 -tTsflng_

k|fs[lts k|sf]k


e'OFrfnf]nfO{ @) cf}F ztfAbLsf] bf];|f] 7"nf] e'OFrfnf]dflgG5 . @*%,))) ju{lsnf]ld6/ If]qdf wSsf dx;';ul/Psf] of] e'OFrfnf]sf] clwstd t/ª\u ^& ld6/;Dd/x]sf] lyof] . nueu !@% hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] o;e'OFrfnf]af6 cd]l/sf / Sofgf8fsf ljleGg If]qdf sl/a#! s/f ]8 cd]l/sL 8n/a/fa/sf ] Iflt eP klge'OFrfnf]sf] t/ª\usf b[li6n] sd} dfq Iflt ePsf]dfGg'kb{5 . of] e'OFrfnf]sf] cg'ej # ldg]6;Dd dfqul/Psf]n] Iflt ck]Iffs[t sd ePsf] x'g;Sb5 .

To;}u/L oxL ztfAbLdf uPsf]] 7"nf] e'OFrfnf]df ( dfr{!(%& df cd]l/sfL cfG8«Lgkn åLkdf s]Gb|laGb' eO{uPsf] (=! /]S6/:s]nsf] e'OFrfnf]nfO{ lnOG5 . of]e'OFrfnf] 7"nf] eP klg sl/a %) nfv cd]l/sL8n/a/fa/ dfq Iflt ePsf] lyof] . o;af6 ToxfFsf]ldl;8f]k kj{t ljnLg x'gk'u]sf] lyof] . o; e'OFrfnf]kl5nueu #)) j6f wSsfx¿sf] k'g/fj[lQ ePsf] lyof] .

hgwgsf] Ifltsf lx;fan] x]g]{ xf] eg] h'nfO{ !(&^ dfrLgdf cfPsf] e'OFrfnf] 7"nf e'OFrfnfx¿sf] cu|kª\ltdfcfpF5 . t'ngfTds¿kdf ;fgf] dfk eP klg Pp6}e'OFrfnf]af6 @ nfv $@ xhf/ dflg;sf] d[To' x'g' sd

b'vb kIf xf]Og . sl/a % ca{ ^) s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/a/fa/sf] Iflt k'Ug'n] rLgh:tf] ljzfn d'n'ssf]cy{tGqnfO{ ;d]t b'/ufdL c;/ kfg'{ cgf}7f] s'/f] xf]Og .

e"sDkLo b[li6n] s:tf] If]q hf]lvdk"0f{ x'G5 <e"Orfnf] hfFbf cg'e"t ul/Psf] wSsf]sf] dfqf / To;af6k'u]sf] Iflts} cfwf/df dfq w/} ;do;Dd e"O{rfnf] 7"nf]jf ;fgf] ePsf] dfGg'kg]{ afWotf dflg;df /x]sf] lyof] .t/ aL;f}F ztfAbLdf l;:df]ld6/sf] ljsf; eof] / ljZjel/e'OFrfnf] gfKg] sfd x'gyfNof] . oxL l;:df]ld6/df laleGgb]zdf uPsf e'OFrfnf]sf dfkcª\lst l;:df]u|fkmsf] ]cWoogaf6 vf; If]qdf s]]lGb|t eP/ e'OFrfnf] hfg]ub{5eGg] lg:sif{df j}1flgsx¿ k'u]sf 5g\ . e'OFrfnf] a9Lhfg] If]qdf ulx/f] ;fd'lb|s If]q jf e"v08sf] clGtdlsgf/If]q x'g]u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ctM 6]S6f]lgs Kn]6sf]ultljlwaf6 xnrn k}bf eO{ e'OFrfnf] cfpg] x'Fbf o:tf6]S6f]lgs Kn]6sf] ultljlwaf6 pTkGg w/flknf] If]qsf]jl/kl/ kg]{ If]qdf e'OFrfnf]sf] hf]lvd a9L x'g]ub{5 eGg]klg l;:df]u|fkmsf] cWoogaf6 k'li6 ePsf] 5 .

Kn]6x¿sf] ultljlwaf6 aflx/L ;txdf kg]{ k|efjk[YjLsf] leqL ;txdf /x]sf Kn]6x¿ rnfodfg x'Fbfo;dflysf] e"v08df klg ghflgFbf] kf/fn] kl/jt{geO/x]sf] x'G5 . o;/L Kn]6x¿ ;g]{ k|lqmofn] afx/L ;txv'Drg] jf tlGsg] ub{5 . g]kfns} ;Gbe{df s'/f ug]{ xf]eg] UofªUofl6s Kn]6 elgg] ef/tLo Kn]6 l6a]l6og

Kn]6leq @ ;]lG6ld6/ k|ltjif{sfb/n] ;bf{ aflx/L ;tx klg;fF3'l/Fb} hfg]ub{5 . o;/L oLKn]6x¿ %)) jif{;Dd e'OFrfnf]guO{sg ;g]{ xf] eg] oxfFsf]e";tx !) ld6/ v'Drgk'Ub5/ o;/L v ' l DrPsf ] ;txwl;ghf Fb f * / ] S6/:s ]na/fa/sf ] e'O Frfnf ] pTkGgx ' G5 . Kn ]6x¿sf ]ultzLntfaf6 k }bf ePsfxnrnx¿ / w/f lknf ]cj:yfnfO { ;–;fgfe'OFrfnf]x¿n] l:y/ ubf{ 7"nf]e'OFrfnf] hfg] ;Defjgf sd/xG5 . e'OFrfnf] slxn] hfG5

eg]/ eGg g;lsP klg 7"nf] cGt/fndf hfg] e'OFrfnf]lgs} 7"nf] tyf ljgf;sf/L x'g] ub{5 eGg] cWoogaf6k'li6 eO;s]sf] 5 . jf:tjdf e'OFrfnf]sf] gfksf] ;fgf]

blIf0f Pl;ofdf xfn;Dd uPsf 7"nf b;j6f e'O“rfnf]x¿

qm= ;+= ldlt ;g\ dfk e'O“rfnf] uPsf] If]q dflg;sf] d[To'

!= hgj/L @^, @))! &=^ ef/tsf] u'h/ft /fHo -e"h_ !#,*)%

@= cu:t !%, !(%) ^=^ ef/t / rLgsf] ;LdfIf]q !,%))

#= g]e]Da/ @*, !($% *=) kfls:tfg $,)))

$= h"g @^, !($! &=& ef/tsf] c08dfg åLk <

%= d] #!, !(#% &=& kfls:tfgsf] a'n'lr:tfg If]q #%,)))

^= hgj/L !%, !(#$ *=) g]kfn / ef/tsf] ljxf/ If]q !),^%#

&= clk|n $, !()% &=* ef/sf] lxdfrn k|b]z -sfª\u8f_ !(,&@&

*= h"g !^, !*(& *=) ef/tsf cf;fd / d]3fno If]q !,%$@

(= l8;]Da/ #!, !**! &=( ef/tsf] sf/ lgsf]n; åLk yfxf gePsf]

!)= h"g !^, !*!( &=% ef/tsf] u'h/ft /fHosf] cnaGw !,%)) eGbf a9L

k|fs[lts k|sf]k


cGt/n] g} To;af6 pTkGg x'g] zlQm / e"w/ftnLoxnrnsf] dfqfdf klg 7"nf] cGt/ cfpg] ub{5 .e'OFrfnsf] dfk j[l4;Fu} To;af6 pTkGGf x'g] pmhf{ / w/ftnLo sDkgdf j[l4 ;fdfGo ul0ftLo lx;fasf] xF'b}g .! /]S6/:s]ndfq 7"nf] e'OFrfnf]n] w/ftndf !) u'0ffa9L

sDkg k}bf ub{5 eg] #@ u'0ff a9L pmhf{ pTkGg x'G5 .t;y{ * /]S6/:s]nsf] e'OFrfnf]df # /]S6/:s]nsf]e'OFrfnf]eGbf sl/a # s/f]8 u'0ff a9L zlQm pTGg eO{!) nfv u'0ff a9L w/ftnLos sDkg k}bf x'G5 .

s] e'O“rfnf]n] e]befj ub{5 <e'OFrfnf] k|fs[lts k|sf]k xf] . of] e"sDkLo ;+j]bgzLnIf]qdf s'g} klg a]nf cfpg;S5 . t/, sqf] dfksf]e'OFrfnf] hfFbf klg sxLF w]/} / sxLF yf]/} Iflt x'g] ub{5 .o;f] lsg x'g] ub{5 < jf:tjdf e'OFrfnf]af6 x'g] Ifltsf]cGt/ vf; :yfgdf /x]sf ;+/rgfx¿ s:tf /x]sf 5g\ /ToxfF /x]sf dflg;x¿ e"sDkLo ;'/Iffk|lt slt ;r]t /x]sf5g\ eGg] cfwf/df x'g]ub{5 . ev{/} O/fgdf uPsf]e'OFrfnf]af6 $) xhf/ dflg;n] Hofg u'dfpg'k¥of], ToxfF/x]sf sdhf]/ ;+/rgfx¿n] e"sDkLo ;'/Iffsf pkfo

ga'em]sf O/fgL gful/s 3/ eTsFbf eUgfjz]ifdf k'l/P/ .To;}tfsf cd]l/sfsf] Soflnkmf]lg{of /fHodf ToxL dfksf]e'OFrfnf] hfFbf ToxfFsf e"sDkLo ;'/Iff k|ljlw ckgfP/agfOPsf 3/x¿ ;uf}/j 7l8O/x] . To;}n] ToxfF guGodfq Iflt eof] . jf:tjdf To:tf] ^=& /]S6/:s]nsf]e'OFrfnf] hfkfgdf hfFbf Iflt g} x'Fb}g eg] klg x'G5 .

ljZjsf s]xL :yfgdf e'OFrfnf]sf] s]Gb|laGb'df wSsfdx;'; x'g]lalQs} To;sf] ;"rgf dfgj a:tLsf ljleGgIf ]qdf k'u]/ 3G6L aHg] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 .e'OFrfnf]sf] t/ª\u k'Ug nfUg] ;do s]Gb|laGb'af6 Tof]:yfg slt 6f9f 5 eGg] cfwf/df lgwf{l/t x'g] x'G5 .s]Gb|laGb'af6 e'OFrfnf]sf] t/ª\u a:tLdf cfOk'Ubf w]/}dflg;x¿ ;'/lIft :yfgdf k'Ug ;S5g\ . o;k|sf/sf]k |ljlw Hjfnfd'vL lj:kmf ]6sf sf/0f lgoldth;f]e'OFrfnf] cfO/xg] :yfgdf ckgfOPsf] kfOG5 . k|sf]kePsf] x'gfn] e'OFrfnf] cfpg' cZo+efjL 5 . o;af6Iflt klg x'g;Sb5 . t/ o;af6 x'g] Iflt Go"gLs/0fsfpko'Qm k|ljlw ckgfP/ ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{ / ;'/lIftx'g rgfvf] x'g] xf] eg] o;n] kSs} e]befj ub}{g .

g]kfnsf] e'O“rfnf]sf] Oltxf; Mlnlvt Oltxf;sf] af/]df sf/0f g]kfndf uPsf P]ltxfl;se'OFrfnf]sf e/kbf]{ k|df0f e]l6Fb}g . k|fKt ePsf s]xL yf]/}k|df0fsf cfwf/df ;g\ !@%% df uPsf] e'OFrfnf] g]kfnsf]Oltxf;df ;a}eGbf ljgf;sf/L dflgG5 . e'OFrfnf] sqf]lyof] eGg] yfxf geP klg sf7df8f}Fsf /fhf ceodNn;lxt oxfFsf] Ps nfv hg;ª\VofdWo] PsltxfOnfO{d[To'sf] d'vdf k'¥ofpg] Tof] e'OFrfnf] lgs} 7"nf] /ljgf;sf/L ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .

sf7df8f}Fdf To;kl5sf] 7"nf] e'OFrfnf] ;g\ !$)* dfcfPsf] lyof] . xhf/f} F dflg;sf] Hofg lnPsf] Tof]e'OFrfnf]n] dlR5Gb|gfynufot oxfFsf y'k|} dlGb/ Wj:tagfPsf] Oltxf;df pNn]v 5 .

To;kl5 klg g]kfndf y'k|} e'OFrfnf] gcfPsf xf]Ogg\ .e'OFrfnf]sf] dfkg ug]{ k|ljlwsf] ljsf; eOg;s]sf] /lnvt Oltxf;;d]t gePsf] x'Fbf aLrsf cjlwdf cfPsfe'OFrfnfx¿sf] vf;} ljj/0f kfOFb}g . l;:df]u|fkmsf]ljsf; ePkl5 ;g\\ !*## cu:t @^ sf] e'OFrfnf]b]lvdfqe'OFrfnf]sf] dfkg k|f/De ePsf] kfOG5 . xfn;Dd k|fKtP]ltxfl;s tYosf cfwf/df ljgf;nfO{ s]nfpFbf g]kfndfuPsf k|d'v # j6f e'OFrfnf]sf] ¿kdf ;g\ !@%% sf]

dfksf] cGt/cg';f/ e'O“rfnf]sf] Ifdtfdfkj[l4 w/ftnLo zlQm j[l4

-/]S6/:s]n_ sDkgdf j[l4 -cg'dflgt_

)=! !=# u'0ff !=$ u'0ff

)=@ !=^ u'0ff @=) u'0ff

)=# @=) u'0ff #=) u'0ff

)=$ @=% u'0ff $=) u'0ff

)=% #=@ u'0ff %=% u'0ff

)=^ $=) u'0ff %=% u'0ff

)=& %=) u'0ff !!=@@ u'0ff

)=* ^=# u'0ff !%=*% u'0ff

)=( &=( u'0ff @@=#* u'0ff

!=) !) u'0ff #@ u'0ff

@=) !)) u'0ff !,))) u'0ff

#=) !))) u'0ff #!,^@@ u'0ff

$=) !),))) u'0ff !),)),))) u'0ff

%=) !),)),))) u'0ff #,!^,@@,&&^ u'0ff

k|fs[lts k|sf]k


e'OFrfnf], ;g\ !(() sf] dxfe"sDk / @)$% ;fndfk"jL{ g]kfndf uPsf] e'OFrfnf]nfO{ lng'kg]{ x'G5 . *=#/]S6/:s]n dfkg ePsf] !(() ;fnsf] e'OFrfnf]af6sf7df8f}Fdf $,%)) ;xt g]kfndf *,%!( dflg;sf]

Hofg uPsf ] lyof ] . o; kl5sf jif {x¿df klge'OFrfnf]sf ;fgf–7"nf wSsfn] xfdLnfO{ rL/ lgb|fdfg;'Tg lg/Gt/ r]tfjgL eg] lbO{ g} /x]sf] 5 .

!(() ;fnsf] dxfe'OFrfnf]nfO{ ;DemfpFb} @)$% ;fndfpbok'/ s]Gb|laGb' eO{ uPsf] ̂ =* /]S6/:s]nsf] e'OFrfnf]n]g]kfndf ()) hgfsf] Hofg lnof] . cem k"jf{~rnsf]P]ltxfl;s ;x/ w/fgdf dfq &#! hgfsf] Hofg lnP/;f] e'OFrfnf]n] () ;fndf sf7df8f}Fdf ePsf] bzfnfO{:d/0f u/fOlbof] . ;f] e'OFrfnf]af6 w/fgdf ePsf] Ifltsf]3fp clxn];Dd k"0f{tM d]l6g;s]sf] 5}g . e'OFrfnf]kLl8tkl/jf/ ;/sf/n] tTsfn pknAw u/fPsf] /fxt C0fltg{ g;s]/ ;'s'Daf;L aGg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\ .

g]kfndf e'O“rfnf] hfg] vt/fg]kfndf af/Daf/ e'OFrfnf] hfg]ub{5 . oxfFsf] leqLw/ftndf /x]sf r§fgx¿sf] ultljlwsf sf/0f pTkGgx'g] w/flknf] kl/l:ylt (fault) sf sf/0f e'OFrfnf]hfg]ub{5 eGg] j}1flgsx¿sf] wf/0ff 5 . g]kfnsf]e";txd'lg pQ/ l6a]l6og Kn]6 / blIf0ftkm{ OlG8ogKn]6 /x]sf 5g\ . oL Kn]6x¿ lgoldt¿kdf Ps–csf{lt/;l//x]sf 5g\ . log} r§fgx¿ ;g]{ qmddf k}bf x'g]c;xh l:yltsf cfwf/df 7"nf]–;fgf] e'OFrfnf]x¿ hfg]u/]sf 5g\ . j}1flgx¿sf] cg';f/ ;a}eGbf sfG5f]dflgPsf] @,%)) lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] lxdfno >[ª\vnf %s/f]8 jif{cl3 log} l6a]l6og / OlG8og 6]S6f]lgs Kn]6

Ps–cfk;df 7Ss/ vfO{ OlG8og Kn]6 l6a]l6og Kn]6d'lg3':g hfFbf e";tx dfly p7]/ ag]sf] xf] . :d/0fLo 5,!(() ;fnsf] e'OFrfnf]af6 klg g]kfnsf lxd>[ª\vnfx¿sl/a % ld6/ dfly p7]sf lyP . g]kfnsf] kxf8LIf]qe'OFrfnf]sf] b[li6n] cToGt ;+j]bgzLn If]qdf kb{5 /oxfF s'g} klg a]nf 7"nf] e'OFrfnf] hfg;S5 eGg]lj1x¿sf] /fo 5 .

Ifltsf b[li6n] g]kfndf e'O“rfnf]sf] vt/fg]kfn e'OFrfnf]sf] Iltsf b[li6n] klg cToGt} ;Dj]bgzLnIf]q dflgPsf] 5 . g]kfndf uPsf e'OFrfnf]x¿sf]cWoogaf6 ljgf;sf/L 7"nf e'OFrfnf]x¿sf] ;dofGt/;/b/ ^&=( jif{ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;}sf] cfwf/df x]bf{7\ofSs} To:t} ;dofGt/df e'OFrfnf] hfg] lglZrt gePklg o:tf] 7"nf] e'OFrfnf] &) b]lv !)) jif{sf] cGt/fndfcfpg;Sg] ;Defjgf w]/} 5 .

l9nf]–rfF8f] hlxn] cfP klg g]kfndf 7"nf] e'OFrfn]f cfpg]kSs} 5 . t/ e'OFrfnf] cfkm}Fn] eg] hgwgsf] Iflt ug{eg]/ cfPsf] x'Fb}g . of] t k[YjLsf] leqL efudf pTkGgePsf] c;xh cj:yfnfO{ ;fdfGoLs/0f ug]{ qmddfcfpF5 . e'OFrfnf] hfFbf k}bf x'g] sDkgaf6 xfdLn] cfˆg};'ljwfsf nflu agfPsf ;+/rgfx¿ 9Nb5g\ . oL ;+/rgf

9Nbf xfdL lslrG5f}F, lylrG5f}F / k'l/G5f}F . xfd|f ef}lts;fwgx¿ gi6 x'G5g\ / hgwgsf] 7"nf] Iflt x'ghfG5 .

g]kfn e"sDkLo b[li6n] ;+j]bgzLn eP klg oxfF b"|tt/ultdf cJojl:yt ;x/Ls/0f eO/x]sf] 5 . vf;u/L;x/LIf]qdf ;fgf] If]qkmndf u'h'd'Hh k/]sf 3/x¿lgdf{0f x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . s'g} k|fljlws ;Nnfx glnO{

!(() ;fnsf] e'O“rdnf]af6 eT]sf] 3G6f3/

!(() ;fnsf] e'O“rfnf]af6 Wj:t ePsf] n'e' ufp“ .

k|fs[lts k|sf]k


hyfefjL agfOPsf o:tf 3/x¿ e'OFrfnf]sf] ;fgf] wSsfklg ;xg g;Sg] cj:yfdf /x]sf 5}g . ljz]ifu/L ;fF3'/f]uNnL, cJojl:yt a;f]af; ePsf] sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf7"nf] e'OFrfnf] hfg] xf] eg] oxfFsf clwsfª\z ;+/rgfWj:t eO{ w]/} 7"nf] dfqfdf hgwgsf] Iflt x'g] ;Defjgf/x]sf] 5 .

e'O“rfnf]af6 x'g] Iflt Go"g ug]{ pkfox¿aL;f}F atfAbLdf cfPsf e'OFrfnf]x¿sf] cWoogaf6 */]S6/:s]neGbf 7"nf] e'OFrfnf] x/]s jif{ ;/b/ Pp6fcfpg] u/]sf] 5 . ;–;fgf e'OFrfnf]x¿ b}lgs ;/b/ #xhf/ % ;oeGbf a9L cfpg] ub{5g\ . e"sDkLo ;'/Iffk|ljlw gckgfO{ ljsf; ePsf cJojl:yt a;f]af;sf;+/rgfx¿n] ^ /]S6/:s]ns} e'OFrfnf]sf wSsf;d]t y]Ug;Sb}gg\ . ljZjdf x/]s jif { ;/b/ !%@ j6f ^/]s6/:s]neGbf dflysf e'OFrfnf] hfg] u/]sf 5g\ . o:tf]cj:yfdf g]kfnsf ljleGg ;x/ vf;u/L sf7df8f} FpkTosfdf u'h'd'Hh k/]sf cJojl:yt 3/x¿n] s'g} klgIf0fdf cfpg;Sg] e'OFrfnf]nfO{ y]Ug;Sg] cj:yf 5}g .

k|nosf/L ;Defljt e'OFrfnf]nfO{ 6fg{ g;lsg] x'Fbf a]n}df;'/IffTds pkfox¿ ckgfpFb} Iflt Go"gLs/0f ug{k"j{tof/L gug]{ xf] eg] sf7df8f}F pkTosfn] kSs} klghgwgsf] 7"nf] Iflt a]xf]g'{kg]{5 .

;+/rgf lgdf{0fdf ;'/Iff k|ljlw cjnDagsf7df8f}F pkTosfdf clwsfª\z ;+/rgfx¿ lgdf{0f jfltgsf] dd{t;Def/ xfn;Dd klg k'/fg} z}nL, ;fdu|Ltyf cbIf l;sdL{, 8sdL{af6} x'g] u/]sf] 5 . e"sDkLo;'/Iffo'Qm tj/n] gS;fª\sg, u'0f:t/Lo ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]uug]{ Pjd\ tflndk|fKt lgdf{0fsdL{af6 sfd u/fOg] xf]eg] yf]/} nfut j[l4af6} e'OFrfnf] k|lt/f]wfTds 3/agfpg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fsf] c1fgtf oxfF cem} klgljBdfg /x]sf] 5 . xfn cfP/ pkTosfsf ljleGggu/kflnsfx¿n] ejg lgdf{0f cfrf/;+lxtf nfu" u/]/;+/rgfTds ;'/Iff sfo{sf] /fd|f] yfngL u/]sf] dfGg'k5{ .tyflk, oxfF lgdf{0f eO;s]sf ;+/rgfx¿df o:tf]cfrf/;+lxtf kfng gePsf] / klxn] g} ejg lgdf{0fu/]/ gS;fkf; ug]{ ldrfxf k|j[lQ xfjL ePsf] x'Fbf

sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsf / o'g]:sf]n] xfn;fn} e"sDkaf6 x'g;Sg] Iflt k"jf{g'dfg ug{;Sg] k|ljlwo'Qm sDKo'/6/;ˆ6j]o/ …¥of8\;Ú sf] ;+o'Qm¿kdf ljsf; u/]sf 5g\ . o; ;ˆ6j]o/sf] cfwf/df ul/Psf] k"jf{g'dfgsf] tYofª\sjf:tljstf;Fu lgs} ldNg] vfnsf] /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .

¥of8;n] lbPsf] tYofª\scg';f/ sf7df8f}Fdf jt{dfg cj:yfdff !(() ;fnsf]h:t} e'OFrfnf] cfPdf sf7df8f}Fdxfgu/If]qdf dfq !$ xhf/eGbf a9L dflg;sf] Hofg hfg] / $! xhf/ 3/x¿ k"0f{¿kdf Wj:t x'g;Sg] b]lvPsf]5 . !(() ;fnsf] dxfe"sDk em08} *=# /]S6/:s]n Ifdtfsf] ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 eg] To;a]nf g]kfndfs"n *,%!( hgfsf] Hofg uPsf] lyof] . clxn]h:tf] afSnf] a:tL al;g;s]sf] To;j]nf klg sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf]@ nfv hg;ª\VofdWo] $ xhf/ dflg;n] Hofg u'dfPsf lyP . Ps cg'dfgcg';f/ jt{dfg ;dosf] sf7df8f}FpkTosfsf] hg;ª\Vof @) nfvaf6 psfnf] nflu;s]sf] 5 . ljut !% jif{b]lv sf7df8f}F dxfgu/ If]qsf]hg;ª\Vof b"|tt/ j[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}F dxfgu/ If]qdf dfq xfn ^,&!,*^$ dflg;sf] a;f]af;sf nflu^^ xhf/ cfjf;Lo 3/ alg;s]sf] ;x/L ljsf; ljefusf] tYofª\sn] b]vfpFb5 . tyflk, a;fOF ;/]/ /fhwfgLlelqg]qmd al9/x]sf]n] oxfF a;f]af; ug]{ dflg;sf] jf:tljs hg;ª\Vof of]eGbf w]/} a9L x'g;Sg] cg'dfg ul/Psf]5 . ljefusf] tYofª\scg';f/ dxfgu/ If]qdf k|ltjif{ % xhf/eGbf a9L 3/sf] lgdf{0f x'g] u/]sf] 5 . dxfgu/sf]jt{dfg hg3gTj !#,@)) k|ltju{ lsnf]ld6/ /x]sf] 5 .

xfns} cg'kftdf a;f]af; a9\b} hfg] xf] / !(() ;fns} h:tf] e'OFrfnf] casf] b'O{ jif{ kl5 cfpg] xf] eg]dxfgu/ If]qdfdfq !% xhf/eGbf a9L dflg;n] d[To'j/0f ug'{kg]{, %) xhf/eGbf a9L 3/ k"0f{¿kdf Wj:t x'g;Sg]/ ! nfv $& xhf/ xhf/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf dflg; 3fOt] x'g;Sg] cg'dfg ¥of8\;sf cfwf/df ul/Psf] cWoogn]b]vfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L @)^* ;fnlt/ ToxL Ifdtfsf] e'OFrfnf] cfPdf Ifltsf] dfqfdf j[l4 eP/ !* xhf/eGbfa9L dflg; dg{;Sg], %* xhf/ 3/ k"0f{¿kn] Wj:t x'g;Sg] / ! nfv &$ xhf/eGbf a9L dflg; 3fOt] x'g;Sg]cg'dfg ul/Psf] b]lvG5 eg] @)&* ;fnlt/ cfpg] ToxL Ifdtfsf] e'OFrfnf]af6 @^ xhf/eGbf a9L dflg;

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dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f] hgr]tgf clej[l4 Pjd\ cfrf/;+lxtfsf]k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'ghfG5 .

gS;fª\sg gu/L agfOg] u|fdL0f If]qsf 3/x¿sf]lgdf{0fdf klg ;fwf/0f ;fjwfgL ckgfpg] xf] eg] w]/}xb;Dd ;'/lIft x'G5g\ . 3/ lgdf{0f ubf{ nDafO / rf}8fOdf7"nf] cGt/ g/fVg], ;–;fgf ‰ofn tyf 9f]sf /fVg],afª\ufl6ª\uf 3/ gagfO{ rf/s'g] agfpg], w]/} cUnf]gagfpg] tyf tNnf] tnfeGbf dflyNnf] tNnf xn'sf;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u u/L xn's} lsl;dn] agfpg] h:tf ;fdfGos'/fdf Wofg k'¥ofpg] xf] eg] klg e'OFrfnf]sf] Ifltaf6w]/}xb;Dd aRg ;lsG5 . oL s'/fsf] r]tgf clej[l4af6e'OFrfnf]af6 x'g] Iflt w]/} xb;Dd 36fpg ;lsG5 .

3/leqsf ;fdfgsf] Joj:yfkge'OFrfnf] hfFbf ;+/rgf eTs]/ jf 3/leq /x]sf pkef]Uoj:t' v:bf jf n8\bf Pstkm{ tL ef}lts j:t'sf] Ifltx'G5 eg] csf] {lt/ ToxfF a;]sf dflg;nfO{ lsr]/dfgjLo Iflt x'g]ub{5 . t;y{ 3/leq /x]sf j:t'nfO{plrt :yfgdf pko'Qm tj/n] /fv]/ e'OFrfnf]af6

k'Ug;Sg] Iflt sd ug{ ;lsG5 . ;s];Dd P]gf, l;;fsfk|m]d, /]l8of], efF8fs'F8f, 6]lnlehgh:tf j:t'nfO{ emg{ jfn8\g g;Sg]u/L afFw]/ /fVg'kb{5 . dflg; a:g] jf ;'Tg]7fpFsf] dfly To:tf j:t' /flvPdf e'OFrfnf] cfpFbf v;]/lsRg;Sg] s'/fdf a]n}df Vofn k'¥ofpg' a'l4dfgL x'g]5 .

;'/lIft tyf c;'/lIft :yfgsf] klxrfge'O { Frfnf ] s'g } klg ;do cfpg;Sg] x' Fbf t'?Gt3/aflx/sf] v'nf 7fpFdf k'u]/ ;'/lIft x'g ;Dej gx'gklg ;Sb5 . jf:tjdf ljklQsf] ;dodf cflQof] eg]emg hf]lvddf km:g ;lsG5 . To:tf]j]nf b/fh5]p,Uof;r'nf] glhs cyjf leQf jf 3/sf] 5fgf]af6 emg]{lrhd'lg a:bf ;'/lIft x'g ;lsFb}g . t;y{, ;'/Iffsfb[li6sf]0fn] pko'Qm x'g] 7fpFx¿ vf6d'lg, 6'a'nd'lg,9f]sfd'lg tyf cGo ;'/lIft :yfgsf] klxn] g} klxrfgu/L e'OFrfnf] cfPsf] ;dodf t'?Gt} To:tf ;'/lIft:yfgdf cfk"m / kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ /fv]/ w]/} xb;Ddarfp ug{ ;lsG5 .

3/aflx/sf ;a} :yfg klg ;'/lIft gx'g;Sb5g\ . ¿v,

dg{;Sg], &! xhf/eGbf a9L 3/ Wj:t x'g] / @ nfv %! xhf/eGbf a9L dflg; 3fOt] x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .

sf7df8f}F dxfgu/df s'n e"ldsf] #% k|ltzt cfjf;Lo If]qn] cf]u6]sf] 5 . cfjf;Lo If]qsf %) k|ltzt 3/ sfFrf]OF6fn] ag]sf jf df6f]sf] hf]8fOn] ag]sf x'gfn] e"sDkLo b[li6n] cTolws hf]lvdk"0f{ dflgG5g\ . Jofj;flos If]qdflgld{t 3/x¿ klg e"sDkk|lt/f]wL k|ljlw gckgfPsf sf/0f ;'/lIft dfGg ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g .

g]kfndf !(() ;fnsf]h:tf] ljgf;sf/L e'OFrfnf] nueu *) jif{sf] cGt/fndf cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . of] tYonfO{x]bf{ To:t} …dxfe"sDkÚ cj s'g} klg a]nf cfpg;Sg] x'Fbf ;a}n] To;k|lt rgfvf] x'g' cfjZos 5 . e'OFrfnf]cfpFbf x'g] hgwgsf] Iflt k|z:t x'g] s'/fnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . t/, e'OFrfnf] cfkm}Fn] dflg;dfg]{ geO{ dflg;åf/f lgdf{0f ePsf] 3/ tyf cGo ef}ts ;+/rgf elTsFbf To;af6 lslrP/ d[To' x'g] x'Fbf ejgtyf cGo lgdf{0f sfo{df e"sDkLo ;'/If0fsf b[li6n] pkof]uL x'g] / lgwf{l/t dfkb08sf] kl/lwleq /x]/ lgdf{0ful/Pdf e'OFrfnf]af6 x'g] wghgsf] Iflt Go"g x'g] ;Defjgf a9\5 .

hfkfgsf] s]fj] ;x/ klg e'OFrfnf]sf] hf]lvdsf b[lisf]0fn] sf7df8f}F hlQs} ;ª\s6fled'v ;x/ dflgG5 tfklgToxfF ag]sf / sf7df8f}Fdf ag]sf 3/ jf ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] cj:yfdf b]lvg] leGgtfs} sf/0f e'OFrfnf] cfPdf;f] ;x/sf] t'ngfdf sf7df8f}Fdf x'g] Ifltsf] cg'kft @)) u'gfeGbf a9L /x]sf] cg'dfg ljz]if1x¿n] u/]sf5g\ . e'OFrfnf]sf] hf]lvdsf oL s'/fx¿df Wofg lbP/ sf7df8f}Fsf gu/If]qdf gofF 3/ lgdf{0f ubf{ kfngfug'{kg]{ ejg lgdf{0f;+lxtf nfu" eO;s]sf] 5 eg] 3/x¿sf] cj:yf p:t} /x]sf] pkTosfsf] csf]{ pkdxfgu/nlntk'/ tyf cGo gu/x¿df klg ut dlxgfb]lv ;f] ;+lxtf nfu" ePsf] 5 . xfn;Dd ljZjdf e'OFrfnf] hfg]@! j6f k|d'v ;x/x¿dWo] klxnf] >]0fLsf] hf]lvddf k/]sf] sf7df8f}F dxfgu/df of] ;+lxtf kfng ubf{sfcj:yfdf eg] e'OFrfnf]af6 x'g] Iflt Go"g eO{ casf b'O{ jif{df () ;fns} h:tf] e"O{rfnf] hfFbf d[To' x'g;Sg]dflg;sf] ;ª\Vof !) xhf/;Dd emg]{ / $$ xhf/hlt 3/ Wj:t x'gg;Sg] cg'dfg ¥of8\;åf/f pknAw tYofª\ssfcfwf/df ul/Psf] 5 .

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cUnf 3/, uf/f], vDaf, lah'nLsf] tf/ ePsf] If]q, k'n,6«fG;kmd{/ cflbsf] glhs a:bf tL n8]/, 9n]/ jf eTs]/lslrOg] a9L ;Defjgf x'G5 . To:tf] 7fpF ;'/lIft x'G5,hxfF s'g} lrh n8\bf jf 9Nbf glslrof];\ . u'l8/x]sf];jf/L;fwgnfO{ klg To:t} ;'/lIft :yfgdf nu]/ /f]s]// e'OFrfnf] gyfldpGh]n aflx/ glg:sFbf arfp x'G5 .

;fd"lxs k"j{tof/L tyf p4f/e'OFrfnf]n] Pp6f 3/nfO{ dfq c;/ ub}{g . o;n] k"/}a:tLnfO{ g} rk]6fdf kfg{;Sb5 . t;y{, ;d'bfodf;fd"lxs¿kd} e'OFrfnf] cfpFbf s;/L Iflt Go"g ug{;lsG5 eg]/ljrf/ ljdz{ ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . e'OFrfnf]cfpg' klxn] 3/3/df ug'{kg]{ tof/L tyf e'OFrfnf]yfldgf;fy ug'{kg]{ p4f/sfo{sf ;DaGwdf ;d'bfodfcfwfl/t k"j{tof/L eP w]/}sf] Hofg hf]lug;Sb5 .eTs]sf 3/af6 3fOt]nfO{ s;/L lgsfNg] < e'OFrfnf]hfFbf elTsPsf 3/df k:g'cl3 ljB't\, Uof; cflbsf]r'xfj6 ePsf] 5 jf 5}g To;sf] s;/L hfFr ug]{ <3/leq k:bf s:tf ;'/IffTds pkfo cjnDag ug]{ eGg]ljifodf klxn] g} cEof; ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 .

cfktsfnLg j:t'sf] hf]xf]e'OFrfnf] hfFbf 3/x¿ k"/} Wj:t x'g;Sb5g\ . o:tf]a]nfk|fylds pkrf/sf ;fwg, vfg]s'/f, kfgL, p4f/ pks/0f,6r{nfO6, 8f]/L, d}gaQL, ;nfO{, /]l8of] tyf cfjZoslgsfosf] ;Dks{ 7]ufgf jf kmf]g cflb w]/} dxŒjk"0f{x'G5g\ . t;y{ kl/jf/ ;ª\Vofsf] cfwf/df o:tf lrhx¿sf]hf]xf] u/L Pp6f emf]nf agfpFbf e'OFrfnf]kl5sf tTsfnLg

;d:of s]xL xb;Dd xn ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 .

bfloTjaf]w tyf hgr]tgf;a} k |sf/sf k |sf ]kx¿dWo] ljgf;sf/L e'O Frfnf ]ck|Tol;t¿kdf cfpg] ub{5 . e'OFrfnf]af6 aRg o;n]s;/L wghgsf] Iflt ub{5 eGg] s'/fsf] r]tgf ;a}dfgeP;Dd ;Dej x'Fb}g . t;y{, ;/sf/, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yftyf ;dfhsf r]tgzLn gful/ssf] klxnf] st{Joe'OFrfnf];DaGwL r]tgf clej[l4 ug'{ x'ghfG5 . e'OFrfnf]hfFbf ckgfpg'kg]{ ;'/IffTds pkfox¿sf] k"j{tof/Lsf];fd'bflos cEof;sf nflu ;a} kIfaf6 kxn x'g' h?/Lx'G5 . 7"n–7"nf xf]6]ndf ul/g] uf]i7L tyf sfo{qmdaf6e'OFrfnf]sf] hf]lvddf kg{;Sg] ;d'bfon] s]xL kmfObfk|fKt ug{;Sb}gg\ . :yfgLo txsf] k|ToIf ;xeflutfdfo:tf r]tgf clej[l4sf sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ xf]eg] cjZo+efjL e'OFrfnf]af6 x'g] Iflt w]/}xb;Dd Go"gug{ ;lsG5 .

xfd|f ] ;x/Ls/0f e'OFrfnf] ;'/Iffsf b[li6n] cToGthf]lvdk"0f{ / lg/fzfhgs /x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L kIfn] ev{/}NofPsf] ejg lgdf{0f cfrf/;+lxtf t k|efjsf/L¿kdfnfu" ug'{ g} 5, ;x/Ls/0fsf] k|efjsf/L of]hgf tTsfn}tof/ u/L nfu" ug'{ klg h?/L 5 . e"sDkLo b[li6n]cToGt hf]lvddf /x]sf] sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf ePsfc:ktfn;d]t To;sf] vt/faf6 d'Qm gePsf] cj:yfdfpko'Qm c:ktfnsf] lgdf{0f ug]{b]lv oxfF cfpg;Sg]ljklQsf] If0fsf] ;fdgf ug{ cfjZos vfBfGg, cf}iflw/ ljleGg pks/0fx¿sf] hf]xf] klg ;/sf/L kIfaf6tTsfn} ul/xfNg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . ✪

g]kfnsf] lxdfnkfl/sf] lhNnf dgfª / d':tfªdf dfqkfOg] ljZjs} b'n{e ufO{ n'n' ;ªs6fkGg cj:yfdf/x]sf] 5 . zf/Ll/s lx;fan] ;fgf], nfdf]k'R5/ x'g] of] ufO{ sfnf], v}/f] /ªsf] x'G5eg] st}st} ;]tf] /ªsf] klg kfOG5 .

sl/a !)) s]hL ;Ddsf] zf/Ll/s tf}nx'g] o; hftfsf] ufO{n] k|ltlbg b'O{ ln6/kf]lifnf] b"w lbG5 . zf/Ll/s cfsf/sft'ngfdf b"w pTkfbg a9L x'g' o; ufO{sf]k|d'v ljz]iftf dflgG5 . :yfgLo ;dfhdf o; ufO{nfO{ldgL h;L{ klg elgg'sf] sf/0f o;af6 x'g] b"wpTkfbgsf] g} kl/0ffd xf] .

g]kfnsf u|fdL0f If]qdf kfOg] /}yfg] k|hfltsf ufO{–e} F;LnfO{ ljsf;] ufO{–e} F;Ln] lj:yfkg ul//x]sf]jt{dfg cj:yfdf t'ngfTds ¿kdf a9L pTkfbg lbg]

o; ufO{sf] ;+/If0f ug'{ h}ljs ljljwtfsf] b[li6n] ;d]tdxŒjk"0f{ / cfjZos b]lvG5 . elgG5, oL ufO{sf]

k|hgg\sf nflu k|of]u x'g] uf]? cGo hftsfx'g] u/]sfn] logsf] j+zf0f'ut u'0fdf x|f;cfO/x]sf] 5 . To;}sf/0f klg xfn To;If]qdf kfOg] n'n' hftsf ufO{ Hofb}Vofp6], n'/], ckfª\u b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ .

n'n' hftsf oL /}yfg] b'n{e k|hfltsfufO{sf] ;+/If0f ug'{ :yfgLoaf;Lsf] dfq

bfloTj geP/ ;/sf/sf] klg bfloTj x'g'kb{5 .3/kfn'jf kz'sf] :yfgLo h}ljs u'0fsf] ;+/If0f u/]/klg h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0fsf If]qdf of]ubfgk'¥ofpg ;lsg]tkm{ ;/sf/sf] Wofg hfg' clgjfo{b]lvG5 .

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afnLsf] v]tL ub{5g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm kmnk"mn,t/sf/Lnufot w]/}k|sf/sf gub]afnLsf] klg v]tL k|z:tx 'g ]u/ ]sf ] 5 . k | foh;f ] s [ i fssf 3/af/L tyfs/];faf/Ldf s'g} g s'g} kmnk"mn n6/Dd kmn]sf af]6x¿b]Vg kfOG5 eg] s;}–s;}n] Jofj;flos ¿kd} df};dLkmnk"mn / t/sf/Lsf] v]tL ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . vf;df};ddf pTkfbg x'g] o:tf kmnk"mn / t/sf/Ln]ahf/sf] k|lt:kwf{ tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkgsf] cefjsfsf/0f plrt d"No gkfpg] / sltkokmnk"mn s'lxP/ gi6 klg x'g]u/]sf]s'/f k9\g / ;'Gg kfOG5 . o:tfdf };dL kmnk " mn pTkfbg gx 'g ]df };ddf eg ] ljb ]zaf6 lelqg ]ub{5g\, h;sf] d"No ;fdfGoeGbfrf/u 'gfeGbf a9L lt/ ]/ g ]kfnLpkef ]Qm fn ] lsGg 'k l//x ]sf ] 5 .g]kfndf pTkfbg x'g] kmnk"mnnfO{l;te08f/0f u/]/ jf cGo pko'Qmk|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/]/ s'lxg jf gi6x'gaf6 arfpg] xf] eg] a]df};ddfklg ahf/Ls/0f ug{ ;lsG5 / cfoft ubf{ vr{ x'g]ljb]zL d'b|fsf] art ug{ / ;:tf]df pkef]Qmf;Ddk'¥ofpg ;lsG5 . o;af6 s[ifsn] ;d]t plrt nfek|fKt ug{;S5g\ .

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:yfgLo ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] k|of]u u/Lcfk} Fm lgdf{0f ug{;Sg] k|ljlwsf]rog ug'{ cTolws nfek|b x'G5 .

g]kfnsf u|fdL0f If]qdf pTkfbgx'g] kmnk"mn / t/sf/Lsf] @÷#dlxgf;Dd ;+/If0f u/]/ s'lxg /gi6 x'g glbg ;f}o{pmhf{sf] k|of]uu/ ]/ l;te08f/0f ug{ ;lsg]k | ljlwsf ] k |of ]u nfek |b x 'g ]b ] lvPsf ] 5 . o:tf :yfgLol;te08f/u[xx¿ kxf8L If]qsfsltko :yfgdf lgdf { 0 f eO {

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;fwgsf] k|of]u u/L cfk}“mlgdf{0f ug{;Sg] k|ljlwsf] rogug'{ cTolws nfek|b x'G5 .

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ef }uf ] lns / 3fdnfUg ] cj:yfsf ] cWoog u/LTo;cg'¿ksf] pko'Qm k|lqmof ckgfpg' cfjZos x'G5 .gq, e08f/ ul/Psf kmnk"mn tyf t/sf/L ;8]// cem7"nf] gf]S;fgL a]xf]g'{kg]{ x'g;S5 . ;f}o{e08f/0f agfpFbf;–;fgf ljifodf klg Wofg k'¥ofpg'kb{5 . To;f] u/]dfe08f/u[x :yfg, df};d / w/ftnLo cj:yfcg's"n x'G5/ e08f/0f ul/Psf s[lif pTkfbg ;'/lIft /xG5g\ .

hu vGg] M 3/5]psf] sfGnfdf pko'Qm :yfg 5gf]6

u/L e08f/u[x sqf] agfpg], ‰ofn–9f]sf sxfF /fVg],xfjf l5g]{ Kjfn sxfF–sxfF /fVg] eGg] lgwf{/0f u/L 8f]/L6fFu]/ lrXg nufpg'kb{5 . To;kl5 To;}cg'¿ksf] huvGg'kb{5 .

uf/f] nufpg] M hu vlg;s]kl5 8]9b]lv b'O{ lkm6 df]6fOePsf] uf/f] nufpg'kb{5 . b'O{ lkm6sf] uf/f]sf] hudf Pp6}uf/f] jf aLrdf @÷# OGr vfnL /fv]/ klg uf/f] nufpg/ vfnL ePsf] aLr efudf afn'jf eg{ ;lsG5 .

tf;L agfpg] M o; k|ljlwsf] l;te08f/u[x ;fgf] g}agfpg' pko'Qm x'G5, ctM kmnk"mnsf] Jojl:yte08f/0fsf nflu tf;L jf ¥ofs agfpg' h?/L x'G5 .e08f/u[x lgdf{0f ul/;s]kl5 kmnk"mn /fVg] tf;LagfpgcK7]/f] kg]{ x'Fbf e08f/u[xsf] uf/f]df afF;sf ef6fx¿nfO{c8\ofP/ / aLrdf cfjZostfcg';f/ sf7sf ;fgfvfFafx¿ /fv]/ pko'Qm lsl;dsf tf;Lx¿ agfpg' /fd|f]x'G5 . sf7sf vfFjfx¿ e08f/u[xsf] cufl8kl§ clncUnf / k5fl8kl§ prfO cln sd ub}{ nu]/ To;dflya:g] 5fgf ]nfO { le/fnf ] u/L c8\ofpg] lx;fan]ldnfpg'k5{ . o;/L lgdf{0f ul/Psf] e08f/3/df xfjfv]Ng kfpg] / jiff{sf] kfgL klg ;lhn} ts]{/ hfg] x'G5 .e08f/ ul/g] tf;LaLrsf] b"/L Ps jf 8]9 lkm6 /fVg'pko'Qm x'G5 . ;a}eGbf tNnf] tf;L eg] hldgaf6 cfwflkm6 dfly /fVg ;lsG5 . e08f/If]q ;fF3'/f] x'g] x'Fbf w]/}df]6f] sf7sf ljdx¿ k|of]u gu/L kftnf sf7 jf afF;k|of]u u/]/ tf;Lx¿ agfpg' pko'Qm x'G5 . tf;LnfO{cfjZostfcg';f/ rf}8f agfpg ;lsG5 t/ e08f/ ubf{jf e08f/ ul/Psf] ;fdfg lgsfNbf cfk"mn] e]6\g;Sg]u/Lagfpg' /fd|f] x'G5 .

xfjf l5g]{ Kjfn M e08f/0f ul/Psf kmnk"mnsf];'/Iffsf nflu xfjf /fd|/L v]Ng kfpg] Joj:yfldnfpg'k5{ . o;/L xfjf v]Ng kfpg] cj:yfn]

e08f/u[xsf] tfkqmd / cfb|{tfnfO{;d]t km/s kfb{5 .tftf] xfjfsf] rfk sd x'g] sf/0fn] dflytkm{ axg] /lr;f] xfjf tNnf] efuaf6 axg] x'Fbf lr;f] xfjf k|;f/x'g] Kjfn tNnf] efudf / tftf] xfjf k|jfx x'g] KjfndflyNnf] efudf /fVg'kb{5 . dflyNnf] Kjfnx¿ 9f]sfdflyjf kvf{ndf dl;gf] tf/sf] hfnL /fv]/ agfpg ;lsG5 .tftf] xfjf k|jfx x'g] Kjfnx¿ e08f/u[xsf] kvf{ndfcfdg];fdg] x'g]u/L /fVbf /fd|f] x'G5 . tNnf] Kjfn eg]e08f/u[xsf] nueu cfwf prfOdf /fVg' pko'Qm x'G5 .

lr:ofgsf nflu kfOk la5\ofpg] M e08f/0fdf

lr:ofg sfod ug{sf nflu cfjZostfcg';f/sf nDafOsfod ul/Psf cfwf OGr uf]nfOsf kf]lnlyg kfOksf]Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . Pskl§sf] KjfnnfO{ cfuf]n] kf]n]/ aGbul/Psf o:tf kfOksf 6'qmfnfO{ ;dfg b"/Ldf ldnfP/tf;Ldf /fVg'kb{5 . kfOknfO{ xnrn x'g glbg jf l:y//fVg 8f]/Ln] /fd|/L afFFWg'kb{5 .

5fgf] nufpg] M 3/]n' ;f}o{e08f/sf] agf]6cg';f/To;sf] 5fgf] klg ljleGg k|sf/n] agfpg ;lsG5 .ufpF3/df ;lhn} pknAw x'g;Sg] afF;sf] ef6fsf] 5fgf]agfp Fg ' pko'Qm x 'G5 . ef6fsf ] 5fgf ] agfp Fbfe08f/u[xsf] cufl8 / k5fl8 Ps÷Ps ld6/ aflx/lg:sg]u/L ef6fnfO{ plrt gfkdf sf6\g'kb{5 . afF;dfsfF6L 7f]Sbf k'm6\g] ;Defjgf a9L x'g]x' Fbf 8f]/Ln]alnof];Fu afFWg' /fd|f] x'G5 . 5fgfdf ef6fnfO{ ldnfP/af FWb } hfg'kb{5 . 5fgf ] agfpFbf ef6fsf ] aLrdfb]lvg;Sg] ;–;fgf KjfnnfO{ lunf] df6f]n] n]kg u/LaGb ug'{k5{ . o;/L ldnfOPsf ef6faf6 ag]sf] 5fgf]nfO{5f]Kg cln df]6f] Knfl:6s l;6sf] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 /o;nfO { 5fgf ]df la5 \ofP/ 5 ]p–5 ]pdf jfcfjZostfcg';f/ yDalkg 7f ]Sg'kb{5 . Knfl:6slj5\ofO;s]kl5 To;dfly sl/a cfwf lkm6hlt afSnf]x'g]u/L df6f]n] 5f]k]/ To;df rfF8} h/f cfpg] 3fF; jfau}Frfdf nufpg] rfOlgh b"af] /f]Kg' >]o:s/ x'G5 . o;/Llgld{t e08f/u[xdf /flvPsf kmnk"mnnfO{ ;'/lIft /fVgcfjZos kg]{ cfb|{tf sfod /fVg kf]lnlyg kfOkaf6cfjZostfcg';f/ kfgL 5s{g] ug'{kb{5 . oltu/]kl5:yfgLo:t/sf] l;te08f/ lgdf{0f k"/f x'G5 . o;/Llgdf{0f k"/f ePsf] e08f/u[xdf pTkflbt kmnk"mnnfO{e08f/ u/]/ /fVg ;lsG5 / a]df};ddf ahf/df laqmLsfnflu k7fpg ;lsG5 . ✧

:yfgLo k|ljlw


gjLs/0fLo pmhf{Zjdf vlgh pmhf{sf] k|of]u lgoldt / 7"nf]dfqfdf eO/x]sf] 5 . dflg;sf b}lgs cfjZostf

k"lt{ ug]{b]lv lnP/ cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu;d]t pmhf{jt{dfg o'usf] clgjfo{ cfjZostf ag]sf] 5 . o;/LeO/x]sf] lgoldt k|of]unfO{ k[YjLsf] ue{df /x]sf]] vlghpmhf{n] slt ;do;Dd wfGg;Snf < xfdLn] k|of]u ug]{sf]Onf, d§Lt]n, k]6«f]n, l8h]nh:tf k|zf]lwt OGwgsf]pTkfbg ug{ sf ]Onf tyf t ]nvfgLaf6 lg:sg]sRrfkbfy{sf] cTolws bf]xgnfO{ Tof] e08f/ slxn];Dd

ljljljljljeP klg pmhf { dfgj hLjgsf nflu clgjfo {cfjZostf xf] / o;sf] dxŒj dflg;sf] cl:tTj;Fu}uf F l;Psf ] 5 . k [ YjLsf ] ue {df /x ]sf ;L ldtpmhf{e08f/sf] c;Lldt k|of]u / jg ljgf;sf] jt{dfgk|lqmof lg/Gt/ rln/xg] xf] eg] ;ª\s6sf] Tof] lbg w]/}6f9f hfFb}g eGg] s''/f eg] lglj{jfb 5 .

k[YjLsf] ;tx / ue{df /x]sf pmhf{e08f/sf] lg/gt/bf]xgn] eljiodf ;d:of Nofpg] sf/0fn] g} dflg;n]j}slNks pmhf{sf ;|f]tsf] klxrfg u/L ltgsf] ljsf; /

pmhf{sf] e/kbf]{ ;|f]t

xfjfsf] lah'nL/xnf < k[YjLsf] cfGtl/s tyf ef}ule{s agfj6df ;d]ts:tf] c;/ kfnf{ <

dflg;sf b}lgs lqmofsnfk / hLjg lgjf{xsf nflupmhf{ geOx'Fb}g . vfgf ksfpg, /]l8of] ;'Gg, 6LeL x]g{,oftfoftsf ;fwg rnfpg, pBf]u jf snsf/vfgfrnfpg, :jf:Yo;DaGwL sfo{ ug{, s[lifsfo{ ug{ / dfgjhLjgsf ljljw If]qsf cGo sfo{sf nflu klg pmhf{geOx'Fb}g . oxfF k|Zg p7\5, To;f] eP pmhf{sf ;|f]tsf¿kdf /x]sf jghª\unsf] ljgf; / vlgh pmhf{sf];dflKt;Fu} k[YjLdf dflg;n] pmhf{sf] ;ª\s6 a]xf]g'{kg]{x'G5 t < jf:tjdf of] uDeL/ / lgs} hl6n k|Zg xf] /o; k|Zgsf] pQ/ ;lhn};Fu s;}n] klg lbg;Sb}g . h]

lj:tf/df cfk"mnfO{ nufO/x]sf] 5 . jt{dfg ;dodfj}slNks pmhf{sf ¿kdf afof]Uof;, ;f}o{pmhf{, jfo'pmhf{,hnpmhf{h:tf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ eO/x]sf] 5 .o:tf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] Pstkm{ eljiodf x'g;Sg] pmhf{;ª\s6 ;dfwfgsf] dfu{ klxNofPsf] 5 eg] csf]{tkm{k|of]uof]Uo pmhf{sf nflu To:tf vlgh pmhf{e08f/ ePsf/fi6«df lge{/ /xL ul/a Pjd\ ljkGg /fi6«n];d]t cfˆgf]/fli6«o l9s'6Lsf] 7"nf] lx:;f To;sf nflu r'Qmf ug'{kg]{afWotfaf6 d'lQm kfpg] ;Defjgf /xG5 .

g]kfndf ljleGg k|sf/sf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|ljlwsf]k|r'/ ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . o:tf k|ljlwsf] 5gf]6

xl/ sfsL{✍✍✍✍✍


gjLs/0fLo pmhf{:yfgljz]ifsf] cfwf/df ;DefJotfsf] klxrfg ug'{kg]{x'G5 . kfgLsf ;|f]t ePsf 7fpFdf hnljB't\ pko'Qmx'G5 . ufOa:t' kflng] Gofgf] hnjfo' ePsf 7fpFdfafof]Uof; k|efjsf/L x'G5 . 3fd nflu/xg] :yfgdf;f}o{pmhf{sf]] k|of]u ug'{ plrt x'G5 . To;}u/L xfjf k|z:trln/xg] :yfgdf xfjfaf6 lah'nL lgsfn]/ :yfgLo tyf3/fo;L sfo{sf nflu pmhf{ k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .

g ]kfnsf ;Gbe{df jfo 'pmhf {sf ] k |;ª \u p7fpFbf/fd]5fksf xl/k|;fb zdf{nfO{ :d/0f ug}{kg]{ x'G5 . oL:yfgLo pBdLn] @)@$ ;fnlt/} jfo'ldn h8fg u/Lxfjfaf6 ah'nL lgsfn]/ 3/fo;L sfo{sf nflu cfjZospmhf{ k|fKt ug{;lsg] ;kmn gd'gf b]vfO;s]sf lyP .

xfjfaf6 lah'nL lgsfNg ;lsg] k|dfl0ft eO;s]kl5 klgo;;DaGwL ;Defjgfsf] yk cg';Gwfg gxFbf o;k|ljlwn] TolQ nf]slk|otf eg] kfpg ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g .olt;Dd ls xfdLdWo] w]/}nfO{ xfjfaf6 lah'nL lgsfNg;lsG5 eGg] s'/f cem} ckTofl/nf] g} nfUg;S5 .

g]kfndf pmhf{ ljsf;sf nflu sfo{/t ;+:yf …demf}nfk | lj lw ljsf; ;d "x (ITDG) n] jfo 'pmhf {sf ]k|ljlw;DaGwL cWoog u/L d'n's / :yfgcg's"n ljsf;ug]{ sfo{ k|f/De u/]kl5 lj/f6gu/l:yt s[i0f lu|n tyfOlGhlgol/ª\ -k|f_ ln= sf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf o:tfjfo'ldn kmf§k'm§ b]vfkg{ yfn]sf 5g\ .

g]kfnsf ;a} ef}uf]lns If]qdf jfo' pmhf{n] Psgf;sf];kmntf eg] kfpg;s]sf] 5}g . lrtjg / sfuj]gLdf:yfkgf ePsf jfo'ldn c;kmn ePsf 5g\ . cd]l/sL;xof]uaf6 sl/a @% jif{cl3 lrtjgsf] /fdk'/ SofDk;df:yfkgf ePsf] jfo'kDkn] ;f]r]cg';f/sf] sfd ug{ ;s]g/ Tof] TolQs} pk]lIft cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . To:t}, g]kfnljB't\ k|fljlws/0fn] d':tfªsf] sfua]gLdf ;g\ !(*( df!) lsnf]jf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg u/L ^) 3/df ljB't\ ;'ljwflbg ;kmntf kfPsf] jfo'6jf{Ogn] klg w]/} jif{;Dd ;'ljwfpknAw u/fpg ;s]g . o;/L Psk6s ;~rfngeO;s]sf jfo'ldnx¿ c;kmn x'g'df eg] cf–cfˆg} sf/0f/x]sf 5g\ . st} Joj:yfksLo sdhf]/L /x]sf] 5 eg] st};do ;dodf cfjZos kg]{ kd{t;Def/ tyf k|fljlwssl7gfO /x]sf 5g\ . k|fljlws tyf Joj:yfksLo jf cGos] sf/0faf6 jfo'ldn jf pmhf{ pTkfbg k|ljlw c;kmnePsf] xf], To;sf] cWoogsf] cefjs} sf/0f c;kmntf /e|d l;h{gf x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .

ljZjsf ljleGg d'n'sdf jfo'pmhf{sf] ;kmn / k|efjsf/Lk|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 . ef/tdf nueu @)) jfo'ldnaf6!))) d]ufjf6 lah'nL pTkfbg x'g]u/]sf] 5 eg]8]gdfs{df s'n ljB't\ cfk"lt{sf] # k|ltzt lx:;fjfo'pmhf{n] cf]u6]sf] 5 . o;/L tL b]zdf ;kmntf xfl;nul/;s]sf] k|ljlw ljB't\ cfk"lt{ x'g g;s]sf / a9L xfjfrNg] g]kfnsf kxf8 tyf t/fO{ If]qdf :yfkgf ug'{k|fljlws b[li6sf]0fn] ;d]t pko'Qm x'g]5 .

jfo'ldn k|lt3G6f * dfOneGbf a9L ultdf xfjf axg]:yfgdf a9L k|efjsf/L x'G5 . o:tf :yfg g]kfndf w]/}5g\ . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo u|fdL0f ljsf; sfo{qmdsf]cWoogcg';f/ xfjfaf6 ! lsnf]jf6 lah'nL lgsfNgsl/a ! nfv %) xhf/ nfU5 eg] kfgL tfGg] kDkh8fg ug{ sl/a &) xhf/ vr{ x'G5, h;af6 k|lt;]s]G8$ ln6/ kfgL tfg]/ l;FrfO ug{ ;lsG5 . l;FrfOsf];'ljwf gePsf s[life"lddf o; k|ljlwaf6 l;FrfO ug]{Joj:yf ug{;s] s[lifpTkfbgdf j[l4 eO{ s[lifcy{tGqsf]ljsf;df oy]i6 of]ubfg k'Ug;Sg] s'/fnfO{ gsfg{;lsFb}g .

g]kfndf jfo'pmhf{ssf] ;Defjgf /fd|f] eP klg jflif{sah]6 jf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdn] TolQ rf;f] lbPsf]kfOFb}g . t/ rfn' b;f}F k~rjifL{o of]hgfn]] eg] o; k|ljlwsf]ljsf;sf nflu s]xL dxŒj lbPsf] b]lvG5 . of]hgfcjlwe/df jfo'pmhf{sf] ljsf;sf nflu k|To]s ljsf;If]qdf $÷$ lhNnfsf s'n @) lhNnfsf] Doflkª tof/ ug]{,jfo';DaGwL tYofª\s ;ª\sng ug]{ / o;/L Doflkª eO{tYofª\s ;ª\sng eO;s]sf lhNnfdf n3'h]g]/]6/sf]dfWodaf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] 5 .

jfo'pmhf{sf ;DaGwdf nIocg';f/ cwoog x'g] /sfof{Gjog x'Fb} hfg] xf] eg] o;n] kSs} klg nf]slk|otfkfpg]5 . t/ pkef]QmfnfO{ o; k|ljlwsf] af/]df 1fglbg] / :yfgLo:t/df dd{t;Def/ tyf ;~rfngsfljifodf k|lzIf0f u/L :yflkt jfo'ldnsf] bL3{sfnLg;kmntfsf] ;an kIfsf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsg]tkm{ Wofglbg' cfjZos 5 . To;}u/L jfo'ldnsf] c;kmntfsfnflu k|fljlws kIf jf k|ljlwnfO{ bf]ifeGbf o;sfsf/0fx¿sf ] klxrfg u/L ltgsf ] lg/fs/0fsfpkfox¿sf] vf]hL u/L k|ljlwdf /x]sf sdLsdhf]/LnfO{To;cg's"n ;'wf/ ug]{tkm{ nflukg'{ nfek|b x'g]5 . ✦


■ ul/aL k|rf/afhLh:t} r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5}gs'g} klg If]qsf] ljsf; PSn}sf] k|of;af6 dfq ;Dejx'Fb}g . ul/aL / cefjdf afFRg ljjz clwsfª\z u|fdL0fhghLjg ;fd'bflos ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffaf6 nfeflGjtx'g yfn]sf 5g\ . lbge/ d]nfkft ubf{ klg b'O{ 5fs6fg{ g;Sg] cj:yfsf sltko kl/jf/nfO{ ;fd'bflosjgsf] ljsf;n] 7"nf] ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5 . pbok'/sf]kfTn]af;l:yt u0f]z gd'gf ;fd'bflos jgpkef]Qmf;ldltn] lqo'uf gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !! sf @) ul/akl/jf/nfO { pGgt ufO { lslglbP/ ltgsf ] cfly {shLjgnfO{ ;xh agfpg pNn]Vo ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .

jgpkef]Qmf ;d"xn] !) ln6/ b"w lbg] pGgt hftsfk|lt ufO{ @#,%)) sf b/n] tL kl/jf/nfO{ vl/bul/lbPsf] xf] . lagflwtf] C0f:j¿k k|fKt ufO{sf] b"wa]r]/ k|To]s kl/jf/n] k|ltlbg !%) ?k}ofF cfDbfgL ug{yfn]kl5 jgpkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ ;fjfF ltg{ / laxfg–a]n 'sfsf ] 5fs 6fg{ ;xof ]u ePsf ]df ufO { kfpg]ls;fgx¿ bª\ubf; 5g\ .

!% dlxgfleqdf ;fjfF ltl/;Sg'kg]{ / Aofh gnfUg] x'FbfljkGg ju{nfO { w ]/ } /fxt k'u ]sf ] 5 . ufpFsf &@kl/jf/dWo] clt ljkGg kl/jf/nfO{ nlIft u/]/ yfngLul/Psf] o; sfo{n] u|fdL0f If ]qsf ul/a hgtfsf]hLjg:t/ psf:g dfq ;xof]u k'Ug] xf]Og, ;/sf/sf]ul/aL lgjf/0f sfo{qmdnfO{ c3f]lift¿kdf r'gf}tL klg;fd 'bf los jgpkef ]Qmf ;d"xn ] lbPsf ] b ] lvG5 .;/sf/n] s/f]8f} F vr{ u/]/ ul/aL lgjf/0f sfo{qmd;~rfng u/] klg To;n] vf;} pknlAw lbPsf] pbfx/0fb]Vg ;lsFb}g . s]xL lhNnfsf s]xL ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf;~rflnt ul/aL lgjf/0f sfo{qmd klg k|rf/df dfqc8]sf b]lvG5g\ . u|fdL0f ;d'bfodf pgLx¿ cfkm} Fn];~rfng u/]sf sfo{qmd hlt ;kmntfsf ;fy cufl8a9]sf 5g\, ;/sf/af6 ;~rflnt sfo{qmd Tolt g}c;kmn / ;':t /x]sf 5g\ .

lqo 'uf gu/kflnsfdf k | f/De ePsf ] ;f ] :yfgLosfo{qmddf ufO{ k|fKt ug]{ @) kl/jf/n] dfl;s¿kdfcfˆgf] ls:tf a'emfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L p7]sf] dfl;sls:tfsf] /sdn] cGo kl/jf/nfO{ ufO{ lslglbg] gLltsfsf/0f o;sf] lj:tf/ lg/Gt/ eO/xg] b]lvG5 . o;/LufO{ k|fKt ug]{ kl/jf/nfO{ ltgsf] cfly{s cj:yf x]/]/s, v, u / 3 ju{df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . x'g tufpFdf cfˆg} v]tLaf6 jif{el/ vfg k'Ug] kl/jf/ Pp6fklg 5}g t/ klg t'ngfTds¿kdf w]/} ul/a kl/jf/nfO{ufO { lbg] k |fyldstfqmdsf ] ;"rL ;f ] jgpkef ]Qmf

;ldltn] agfPsf] 5 . o;/L To; e]ssf ls;fg / cfˆg}nufgLdf pTkflbt b"w !* lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f /x]sf] nfxfgahf/;Dd k'¥ofpg ;f] jgpkef]Qmf ;ldltn] l5d]ssfOGb|fjtL / emf]/f ;fd'bflos jg;Fu ldn]/ 6\ofDkf] klglsg]sf] 5 .

u0f]z gd'gf ;fd'bflos jgpkef]Qmf ;d"xn] ;fdflhsljsf;sf cGo If]qdf klg ;d'bfonfO{ kl/rfng u/]sf]5 . ;f] ;ldltn] ufpFn]sf] b'O{ dlxgfsf] >dbfg;lxt# nfv ?k}ofFsf] nufgLdf vfg]kfgL of]hgf k"/f u/]sf]5 . ;ldltn] cfˆgf ;b:o ufpFn]nfO{ k|fs[lts k|sf]k,ljjfx / dbf {kbf { cfjZostf x ]/L @% b ] lv %)So'ljslkm6 sf7 lgMz'Ns pknAw u/fpg] u/]sf] 5 . ;f]jgpkef]Qmf ;ldlt lhNnfs} pTs[i6 jgpkef]Qmf ;ldltag]sf] 5 . s]xL jif{cl3;Dd ;'Vvf / gfª\uf] /x]sf]8fF8f / kfvfdf df6f] / kfgLsf] ;|f]t;d]tnfO{ Wofg/fv]/ afF;, 3fF;, h8La'6Lsf ljleGg hft nufOPsf] 5/ jgsf] ;'/Iffsf nflu k|To]s lbg % b]lv !) hgfsf];d"xn] lgoldt u:tL klg ub{5g\ .

ljsf;sf nflu xfdL cfkm}Fn] s]xL ug'{kb{5 / Tof] klg;d'bfodf ;a}n] ldn]/ u/]df ;kmntf kSs} ldNb5 eGg]s'/fnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug'{k5{ eGg] o:tf pbfx/0f b]zsfcGo If]qdf klg xf]nfg\ . To;}n] t xfdLn] cfˆgf] e"ld/ ;|f]tsf] plrt pkof]u ug{;s] ul/aL k|rf/ ul/Ph:tf]r'gf}tLk"0f{ kSs} 5}g .

–/fdnug rf}w/L, pbok'/

■ z'Snfkmf“6f jGohGt' cf/Ifsf] If]q bf]Aa/g]kfnsf] ;'b"/klZrdsf] s~rgk'/ lhNnfl:yt zfxLz'SnfkmfF6f jGohGt' cf/Ifsf] If]qkmn lj:tf/ eO{ #)%ju{lsnf]ld6/df k'u]sf] 5 . lj:tf/sf] sfo{ ut jif{ ;DkGgePsf] eP klg lj:tfl/t If]qdf jgsf] lj:tf/ k"0f{¿kdfx'g g;s]sf] sf/0f jGohGt'nfO{ pko'Qm af;:yfglbg;s]sf] lyPg . t/ o; jif{b]lv To;n] cfˆgf] lj:tfl/tIf]qdf jGohGt'nfO{ cfaf; lbg k|f/De u/]sf] 5 . b'n{ejGohGt' afx|l;ª\u]sf] pko'Qm af;:yfgsf ¿kdf /x]sf]z'SnfkmfF6fsf] lj:tfl/t If]qdf klg clxn] afx|l;ª\u]n]ljr/0f ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . cg's"n jftfj/0f / kof{Ktcfxf/ kfpg yfn]kl5 af3 / cGo hgfj/x¿ klgz'SnfkmfF6fsf] of] lj:tfl/t If]qdf b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ .

lj= ;+= @)#! ;fndf dxfsfnL c~rnsf] s~rgk'/lhNnfdf :yfkgf ul/Psf] ;f] cf/Ifsf] If]qkmn dfq !%%ju{ lsnf]ld6/ /x]sf] lyof] . ;fgf] If]qkmn / jGohGt'sf]3gf af;:yfgsf sf/0f ;fF3'l/Psf] ;f] cf/Ifdf jl/kl/sf]!%) ju{lsnf]ld6/ If]qkmn yKg] sfo{ ePsf] xf] .

–ob'gGbg e§, s~rgk'/

ufp“–ufp“af6


dxfkf]ifs lhlG;ª\ulhlG;ª \u gfds la?jfsf ]k |o f ]uaf6 ag ]sf cf } i fwLoSofK;'n dxfzlQma4{sdf lgPsf 5g \ .cd]l/sf;lxt ljZjsfw ]/ } d 'n 'sdf o;n ]nf ]slk |otf xf l;nul//x]sf] 5 . rLg /sf]l/ofdf o;sf] h/fsf]w"nf] lrofdf ld;fP/lkpgfn] z/L/ :j:yaGb5 eGg ] dfGotf/x]sf] 5 . 1ftJo 5,o;n ] of }gzlQma9fp Fb5 eGg ]dfGotfsf sf/0f jt{dfg ljZjdf o;sf] dfudfcTolws j[l4 ePsf] 5 .

r/fsf] k/hLjL dfg]{ cfkm\g} tl/sfh'd|f / lsgf{h:tf k/hLjLaf6 aRg r/fx¿n] cfˆg}lsl;dsf] pkfo ckgfpF5g\ . h'd|f / lsgf{n] jg:klt,

hgfj/ / r/fnfO{ lgs} b'Mv lbg] ub{5g\ . afFb/n]lognfO{ l6k]/ cfkm}F vfG5g\ . t/ r/fn] eg] o:tfk/hLjLnfO{ cfkm} Fn] l6k]/ vfFb}gg\ . ¿KkL, sfu /gLns07h:tf s]xL r/fn] cfˆgf] r'Rrf]n] sldnf] ;dfP/To;nfO{ xfgL gk'Ug]u/L ;fjwfgLk"j{s cfˆgf] 5fnfdfbN5g\ . To;f] ubf{ sldnfaf6 …kmld{s Pl;8Ú gfdscDn lg:sG5 / tL k/hLjLnfO{ lgd"{n kfb{5 .

x\j]nsf] tf}n slt <:ynk | f0f Lsf ¿kdf xfQLxfdLn] b]v]sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf]

hgfj/ xf ] . kfgLdf/xg] Xj]ndf5f :yn /hnk|f0fLd} ;a}eGbf 7"nf]x'G5 . #@ j6f xfQL /Pp6f Xj]ndf5f cyjf*) nfv jo:sd';fsf ] tf }n a/fa/x'G5 .

cG6fl6{sfsf] lxp“ kUn] s] xf]nf <s'n If]qkmsf () k|ltzteGbf w]/} e"efu @ lsnf]ld6/afSnf] lxpFsf] kqn] 9fs]sf] cG6fl6{sf dxfb]z k[YjLsf]

gof F dxfb]zsf ]¿kdf lrlgG5 .k|mfG;]nL cGj]ifsaf]e]6 8L nf]h/n];g\ !&#( kQfnufPsf ] of ]dxfb]z k[YjLsf]; ' b " / b l I f 0 f d fcjl:yt 5 .

rLg / ef/tnfO{ hf]8\bf x'g] If]qkmneGbf 7"nf] o;dxfb]zdf $,()) ld6/;Dd cUnf lxdkxf8x¿ klg5g\ . ljz]if1x¿sf cg';f/ % s/f]8 jif{ klxn] hd]sf]o; dxfb]zsf] # s/f]8 ju{ld6/ lxpF k"/} kUng] xf] eg]ljZjsf] ;fd'lb|s ;tx ^) ld6/ a9L dfyL p7\g]5 .

df+;fxf/L jg:klt lkª\lus'nfclk|msf dxfb]zsf] hª\undf kfOg] o; jg:kltsf kft w]/}7"nf x'G5g\ . jg:kltdf Pp6f gnLh:tf] efu s]xL nfdf]tyf s]xL e'mn]sf] x'G5 hf] /ª\uLrª\uL / cfsif{s x'G5 .¿vdf ePsf] /ª\usf] cfsif{0fsf sf/0f sL/fkm6\ofª\u|f;lhn} nf]leG5g\ . sL/f tyf cGo ;fgf hLj /ª\uLg k"mnsf]/; r':g tyf v]Ng hfFbf k"mndf a:5g\ . s'g} hLj k"mndfa;]kl5 ;f] k"mn Hofb} l56f] v'DrG5 / hLj aflx/ lg:sg;Sb}g . o:tf ;fgf ¿vn] sL/fkm6\ofª\u|f / 7"nf ¿vn]dflg; / cGo hgfj/ g} vfg] ub{5g\ . o; ¿vdf Psk|sf/sf] /;fog x'G5, h;sf] ;xof]uaf6 ;dfltPsfhLjnfO{ ;lhn} krfpg;S5 .

yfxfkfO{ /fvf}“

/f]rs 1fglj1fg/f]rs 1fglj1fg/f]rs 1fglj1fg/f]rs 1fglj1fg/f]rs 1fglj1fgl;tf zdf{l;tf zdf{l;tf zdf{l;tf zdf{l;tf zdf{


yfxfkfO{ /fvf}“

Eofu'tfn] u5{, df};d eljiojf0fL

aL;f}F ztfAbLsf] j}1flgs o'un] PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLdfk|j]z ul/;s]sf] 5 . hnjfo' / df};dsf] eljiojf0fLsfnflu ljleGg k|ljlwsf] ljsf; klg eO;s]sf] 5, t/k|mfG;sf] ln kf]6] {n ;x/sf] df};d OsfOn] df};deljiojf0fLsf nflu Pp6f Eofu'tfsf] ;xof]u lng]u/]sf]5 . j}1flgsx¿sf cg';f/ df};d kl/jt{gsf] ;"rgf s'g}klg pkks/0feGbf Eofu'tfaf6 klxn] k|fKt x'g]ub{5 .

lrt'jfsf] rIf"zlQmlrt'jfsf] cfFvf w]/}ltvf] x'G5 / 6f9f–6f9fsf j:t' klg/fd|/L b]Vg;Sb5 .!!) ld6/eGbf k//x ]sf ] dfG5 ]n ]cfFvf lemDSofPsf];d]t b]Vg;S5 .

/Qmrfk / kmnk"mntkfO{+ kmnk"mn / t/sf/L slQsf] vfg] ug'{x'G5 < olbtkfO{ + vfg'x'Gg eg]vfg yflnxfNg '; \ .t/sf/L / kmnk"mdfkfOg] kf]6fl;odn] %)kIf3ft //Qmrfkh:tf /f]uaf6k|ltzteGbf a9L z'/Iff u5{ .

ljZjsf] b|"t cf0fljs e§LljZjs} pRrzlQmdf ;~rfng ePsf] cf0fljs e§La]nfotsf] 8fpg /] kmf:6 l/ofS6/ xf] . ;g\ !(^# b]lv;~rfngdf cfPsf] of] e§Laf6 ^) lsnf]jf6 tfk pTkGgu/L klxnf]k6s gful/s k|of]usf nflu lah'nL ljt/0ful/Psf] lyof] .

ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] aLp;+;f/s} ;a}eGbf 7"nf]a Lp x 'g ] jg:klth'DNofxf gl/jn xf] .of ] gl/jnsf ]PsbnLo aLpsf] tf}nsl/a @) lsnf]u|fdx ' G5 . of ] xfdLn ]b ]v]sf ] gl/jn eg]xf ]Og, lsgeg ] of ] O lG8og ;fu/sf ] ; ] lrn ];(Seychelles) åLkdf dfq kfOG5 .

k|ltjif{ ! s/f]8 %) nfv aRrf db{5g\ef]sd/Lsf sf/0f k|To]s jif{ljZjsf sl/a 8]9 s/f]8aRrf csfnd} db{5g\ .em08} $) xhf/ gfafnsx/]s lbg vfg gkfP/} dg]{ub{5g\ . ljZjsf] PsltxfOhg;ª\Vofn] ;fdfGo sfdug{ rflxg] Sofnf]/L k|fKt ug{rflxg] vfgf vfg kfpFb}gg\ .To;sf] cfwf lx:;f klg

aRrfx¿n] g} cfu6]sf 5g\ .

7"nf] 5]kf/f]zq'af6 aRgsf nflu cfˆgf] /ª\u k]ml//xg] k|f0fL 5]kf/f]xf] . zq'sf] cfqmd0f x'g] ;Defjgf b]Vg]lalQs} of] h'g:yfgdf a; ]sf ]x ' G5, ToxL Fsf ]j ftfj/0f jfj:t'sf ] /ª\u;FuldNg]u/L cfˆgf ]z/L/sf ] /ª \uabNg] u5{ .; +; f/df k fOg ];a }eGb f 7 "n f ]5]kf/f] OG8f]g]l;ofO{ åLkdf kfOG5 . !) lkm6 nfdf] of]5]kf/f]sf] gfd sfdf]8f] 8«ofug xf] . Ps k|sf/sf] 5]kf/f]kfgLdf klg s'b\g;S5g\, h;nfO{ afl;ln; elgG5 . ✪


nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] blIf0fklZrddf /x]sf]vf]sgf ahf/ P]ltxfl;s sygcg';f/ em08}5 ;o jif{cl3 g} ;DkGg gu/sf] ¿kdfljsl;t ePsf] lyof] . df}lns k/Dk/f /z'4 tf]/Lsf] t]n sf]naf6 k]Ngsf nfluvf ]sgf clxn ] klg k | l;4 g } 5 .vf]sgfsf6 vk{gdf af]s]/ 3/3/df k'¥ofOg]tf ]/Lsf ] t]nnfO{ g]kfn vfN6f ]n] cem}5f]8\g;s]sf] 5}g . :yfgLo pTkfbgnfO{ g}cfˆgf] pkef]Uo ;fwg dfGg] vf]sgfsfnf]Ug]dflg;n] cem} klg cfˆg} xftn] a'g]/ tof/ u/]sf]]vfF8Lsf] afSnf] ;]tf] /Ësf] d]vnf, 7"nf]–df]6f] k6'sf,vfF8Ls} ku/L / cfOdfO{n] vfF8Ls} /ftf] rf]nf], xfs'k6f;L / k6'sf nufP/ cfkmgf] df}lns rngnfO{ hLjGt/fv]sf 5g\ .

nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] a'ª\dtLIf]qdf :yflkt dT:o OGb|gfycyf{t\ dlR5Gb|gfysf] cfkm\g} Pltxfl;s–wfld{s dfxŒj/x]sf] 5 . dlR5Gb|gfysf] afNosfnsf] ef]6f] x]b}{dfcfFvfsf] /f]u lgsf] x'g] dfGotf ToxfF k|rlnt /x]sf] 5 .ssf] {6s gfusf a"9f–a"9Lsf k/Dk/fb]lv cfh;Ddg]kfnsf /fhfn] ;d]t ;fIfL a;L of] ef]6f]sf] k|df0flnO{ cfpg]nfO{ >LdT:oGb|gfysf] ef]6f] lbnfpg] k|lt1fug]{ k|rngnfO{ hLjGt agfpb} cfPsf 5g\ .

dT:oGb|gfy sf] x'g\ < s] x'g\ < pgL s;/L g]kfn cfP <pgL cfkm}F cfP jf s;}åf/f NofOP / lsg cfh klgpgL sf7df8fF } vfN8f]sf ] k'hgLo b]jtfsf ¿kdf;Ddflgt 5g\ < sf7df8f}F pkTosf aflx/ dT:oGb|gfysf]hfqfsf] k/Dk/f jf s'g} k"hfcfhf ug]{ u/]sf] kfOFb}gtyflk pgsf] of ] ef ]6f ] b ]vfpg] lbg sf7df08f F }pkTosfleqsf ;Dk"0f{ ;/sf/L sfof{no;d]t labf ug]{ul/G5 . ef]6f]hfqf x]g{ /fhf tyf /fhkl/jf/sf] ;d]t;w}F pkl:ylt x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

k|rlnt ls+jbGtLcg';f/ dT:oGb|gfy s'g} P]txfl;s/fHosf /fhs'df/ lyP, pgnfO{ ;xsfnsf b]jtf egLs;}n] em'SofP/ kf6gdf /fv]sf] lyof] . tyflk, æa'ªßg]kfno xMu' jfvÆ cyf{t a'ªdtLsf b]jtfnfO{ g]kfndfNofPsf] syf gfds ;fgf] k'l:tsfdf dT:oGb|gfysf] syfeg] km/s 5 .

k |frLgsfndf g]kfndf cgfj[li6sfsf/0f 7"nf] clgsfn k/]5 . sf7df8f}FpkTsfsf ;a} /fhf, /fhHof]ltif e]nfeP/ ;f ]w L–vf ]hL ubf { g ]k fnclw/fHosf u'? uf]/vgfyn] ssf]{6sgfunfO{ cf;g agfO{ tk:of ug{ yfn]sf]sf/0faf6 o; /fHoleq kfgL kg{ aGbePsf] /x]5 . u'? uf]/vgfynfO{ ssf]{6sgfusf ] cf;gaf6 p7fpg;s]gfu/fhfx¿dfkm{t\ jiff{ eO{ ;xsfn

cfpg;S5 eGg] yfxf ePkl5 ;f ]xLcg';f/ u '?uf]/vgfynfO{ p7fpg dT:oGb|gfynfO{ g]kfn NofOPsf]lyof] . cf;fdsf ;d|f6sf sfG5f 5f]/f dT:o]Gb|gfy ax't}zLnjfg, u'0fjfg / k/f]ksf/L lyP . pgnfO{ g]kfnvfN8f]df NofO{ lj/fhdfg u/fpgkfP g]kfndf ;xsfnkmls{G5 eGg] s'/f /fhHof]ltifn] atfPcg';f/ /fhs'df/dlR5Gb|gfynfO{ g]kfn pkTosf Nofpg] lgwf] ul/of] .sf7df8f}Fsf /fhf, eQmk'/sf u'efh", nlntk'/sf ls;fg ;a}ldnL cfˆgf] cf}sftcg';f/ ;Tsf/ u/L /fhs'df/dlR5Gb|gfynfO{ g]kfn af]nfpg] to u/L pgLx¿ cf;fd uP .

ptf, /fhs'df/ dlR5Gb|gfyn] eg]+ cfk"m l;wf g]kfncfpgg;Sg] / s'g} j}lbs k/Dk/fcg';f/ dfq ;xof]u ug{;Sg] cfZjf;g lbFb} cfkm"nfO{ lng cfPsf cfuGt'snfO{eg], …ltdLx¿ ;a} kms]{/ hfpm Û Pp6f xf]d tyf o1sf]Joj:yf u/ . To;df Pp6f k"0f{snz /fv . ToxLsnzsf] k"hf ubf{ub}{ d Pp6f ed/fsf] ¿kdf snzsf]jl/kl/ 3'Dg]5', To;}a]nf dnfO{ ToxL snzdf kg]{u/L5f]Kg" .Ú g]kfnaf6 uPsf ;a}hgf /fhs'df/sf] cf1fcg';f/kmls {P / o1sf ] yfngL u/ ] . ptf, /fhs'df/dT:oGb|gfynfO{ To;/L 3/af6 lg:sg glbg pgsL cfdf9f]sfdf skfn lkmFhfP/ af6f] 5]s]/ ;'ltg\ t/ cfdfsf]skfnn] 9f]sf k"/} g9flsPsf] x'Fbf /fhs['df/ dlR5Gb|gfyed/fsf] ¿k lnO{ p8]/ g]kfn cfOk'u] .

csf]{ pNn]Vo s'/f s] 5 eg] cf;fdaf6 cfpFbf af6f]dfzfnL gbL kbf]{/x]5 . zf:qLo sygcg';f/ zfnL gbLeGgfn] gbLsf] kfgLdf s'g} klg lrhn] 5'guPdf jf5f]OPdf ;f] j:t' :jtM 9'ª\uf x'GYof] . o; clezfkaf6zfnL gbL tg]{ dflg; tyf cGo hgfj/nfO{ arfpggfu/fhf ssf] {6sn] cfk"mnfO{ k'nsf] ¿kdf zfnL

u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] cfsif{s ynf] M vf]sgf

;/:jtL kGt -e§/fO{_

u|fdL0f ko{6g


gbLdfly /fv]/ ;]jf ug] { saf ]n u/]sf /x]5g\ .To;}cg'¿ksf] ;]jf kfO{{ dToGb|gfy zfnL gbL t/]kl5gfu/fhfn] cfˆgf ] z/L/ p7fO lsgf/fdf kms{ +bfb'ef{Uojz pgsf]] k'R5/ zfnL gbLdf k/]5 . gfu/fhfssf] {6ssf] k'R5/ To;} ;dob]lv 9'ªufdf kl/0ftePsf]n] g} gfusf] k'R5/ gePsf] s'/f atfOG5 .

otf, g ]kfn vfN8f ]sf /fhfx¿n] dlR5Gb |gfyn]atfPcg';f/ g} 7"nf] o1d08ksf ;xsfnsf b]jtfdlR5Gb|gfysf] elQmk"j{s cg'i7fg u/L k"hfcfhfsf]Joj:yf u/] . k"hfsf qmddf k"0f{snzsf] jl/kl/ Pp6fed/f 3'Db} cfof] . k'hf/L u'efh"n] xQkQ ed/fnfO{snzleq 5f]kL k"hfcf/fwgf ug{yfn] . To;} ;dodf/fhs'df/ dlR5Gb|gfyn] cfˆgf] ;SsnL ¿k b]vfO{ eg]+æltdLx¿sf] k|fy{gf a'dmL d g]kfn cfPsf] 5', oxfF d]/f]dlGb/ :yfkgf u/ .Æ

dlR5Gb|gfysf] cf1fcg';f/ pgsf] dlGb/ :yfkgf t ug]{lgwf] eof] t/ tLgj6f /fHodWo] sxfF, s;/L :yfkgf ug]{eg]/ cK7\of/f] kg{ uof] . o; ;d:ofsf] lg/fs/0f ug{ætLg /fHosf h'g 7fpFsf] hldgdf Ps}k6s lxsf{pFbftLg xft d'8\sL ufl8g;S5, ToxL 7fFpdf d]/f] dlGb/:yfkgf u/L k"hfcr{gf ug"{ . clg g]kfndf ;xsfn x'g]5ÆeGg] lgb] {zg lbP/ dlR5Gb|gfy labf eP . o;}lgb]{zgcg';f/ df6f]df d'8\sL ahfbf{ tLg xft d'8\sLufl8Psf] x'Fbf a'ªdtLdf dlR5Gb|gfysf] dlGb/ :yfkgful/Psf] xf] . To;}sfn b]lv a'ËdtL, a'ËB cyf{t\ a'ªdtLsfb]jtf, dT:oGb|gfy, dl5Gb||gfysf] af;:yfg /x]sf] 5 .

vf]sgfsf] ;+:s[ltklg cln leGg lsl;dsf] /x]sf]kfOG5 . g]jf/ hfltn] s'v'/fsf] aln r9fpg] k|rngePklg g]jf/ hflt g} cflbdsfnb]lv a:t} cfPsf]Vff ]sgfdf s'v'/f / ;' Fu'/sf] kfngkf]if0f tyf awk|ltalGwt 5 . tyflk xfn cfP/ s;}s;}n] s'v'/f kfNgyfn]sf 5g\ .

log} ljljw wfld{s Pj+ ;f+:s[lts dxŒjsf sf/0f vf]sgfn]u|fdL0f ko{6g Joj;fosf] 7"nf] ;Defjgf af]s]sf] 5 . o;If]qsf] k|o{6g Joj;fon] :yfgLo hgtfsf] hLjg:t/dfqpsf:g] geO{ b]zs} cfly{s ljsf;df ;d]t dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsflgjf{x ug{;Sg] x'Fbf plrt k|rf/k|;f/ tyf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/tu|fdL0f ko{6gsf] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug'{ jf~5gLo 5 .

s] nfe x'G5 ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t u|fdL0f ko{6gaf6 <● k/Dk/fut k|ljlw, ;Lk / 1fgsf] hu]gf{ .● :yflgo ;|f]]t / dfgj ;+;fwgsf] plrt pkof]u .

● ;d'bfofsf ;b:osf] /f]huf/L Pj+ cfly{s pkfh{g .● ;d'bfodf ;fd"lxs ;Lksf] dxŒj af]w .● u|fdL0f ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/ lasf;df 6]jf .

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] :j¿kko{6g pBf]usf] kof{Kt ;Defjgf jf]s]sf] o; If]qnfO{;d'bfodf cfwfl/t u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] cfwf/lznfsf]¿kdf v8f ug{ ;lsG5 . u|fld0f cfj;Lo If]qdfko{6snfO{ 3/]n' jftfj/0fdf /fVg' pko'Qm x'G5 . af;a:g] Aoa:yf ldnfOPsf] 3/df ToxfFsf] :yfgLo kl/sf/n]g} :jfut ul/P ko{6sx¿n] kSs} a9L cfTdLotfsf] af]wub{5g\ . ctM cfkm";Fu ePs} ;|f]t ;fwgsf] /fd|f] pkof]uub}{ d}qLk"0f{ jftfj/0f sfod /fVg ;s] Æd}qL3/Æsf]¿kdf 'Paying Guest' k2ltsf] lsf; ug{ ;lsG5 .

d}qL3/ ;~rfngdf cfjZos kg]{ s'/fM● d}qL3/ ;~rfnsdf cfˆgf] /Llt–l/jfh, wd{–

;+:s[lt, rfn–rngsf] /fd|f] 1fg ePsf] x'g'kb{5 .● :jb]zL jf ljb]zL rfn–rng tyf dfgjLo

Jojx/sf af/]df hfgsf/L x'g' /fd|f] x'G5 .● 3/ tyf jl/kl/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf /flvg'kb{5 .● df}lns vfgf / af;sf] Joj:yfdf ;/;kmfOnfO{

ljz]if Wofg lbP/ k/hLjL/lxt agfpg'kb{5 .● kfx'gf;Fu ;x[boL Jojxf/ ug]{ ;Lk x'g'kb{5 .● kfx'gf jf ko{6s;Fu cgfjZos s/sfk u/]/

ltgsf] OR5fljk/Lt sfo{ ug{ afWo kfg'{x'Fb}g .● kfx'gfn] k/Dk/fut l9sL, hfFtf ], cFu]gf ]h:tf

k/Dk/fut ;fwg tyf :yfgLo r'nf]rf}sf]sf] sfdgb]v]sf] x'g;S5 . ltgnfO{ To:tf ;fwg x]g]{, k|of]uu/]/ b]vfpg] / k|of]u ug{ rfxg]nfO{ Tof] cj;/lbg] Joj:yf ldnfpFbf jftfj/0f /dfOnf] aGb5 .

● kfx'gfnfO{ cfˆgf k/Dk/fut kf];fs, uxgf cflbklx¥ofP/ tl:j/ lvr ]/ pkxf/ lb Fb f Tof ]lr/:d/0fLo x'g]5 .

● kfx 'gfsf ] x ]/ljrf/ k '¥ofpg :yfgLo txdf;fd'bflos ;Dks{ sfof{nosf] :yfkgf ul/g'kb{5 .

● ljleÌ hft–hfltsf k/Dk/f, /Llt–l/jfh, vfgkfg,rfnrng, j]ze"iffsf af/]df ofqLn] ToxfF k'Ug'eGbfklxn] hfgsf/L kfpg;Sg] Joj:yf ldnfPdfk|efjsf/L x'G5 .

● ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t df}lns ;:s[lt tyf k/Dk/f emNsg]gfr–ufg b]vfpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' /fd|f] x'G5 . ✬

u|fdL0f ko{6g


;xof]u:j¿k jflif{s ;b:otf z'Ns -ljt/0f z'Ns;d]t_

;:+yfut ;b:otf ?= %))÷–z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿sf nflu ¿= ?= #))÷–JolQmut ?= !%)÷–ljBfyL{sf nflu ljz]if ;x'lnot ?= &%÷–-ljBfyL{n] jflif{s ;b:otf kmf/fd;fy kl/rokqsf] k|ltlnlk ;+nUg ug'{kg]{5_

;xsfo{sf nflu cg'/f]wjftfj/0f tyf afn ;/f]sf/ ;+:yf–g]kfn, jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf If]qdf sfd ub}{ cfPsf] gfkmf sdfpg]clek|fo gePsf] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf xf] . o; ;+:yfn] jftfj/0f lzIff sfo{qmd -jflzsf_ cGtu{t kof{j/0fdfl;ssf] k|sfzg u/L u|fdL0f If]qsf ljBfno / ufp“ ljsf; ;ldltx¿;Dd ljt/0f ul//x]sf] tkfO{+x¿nfO{cjut ePs} s'/f xf] .

o; k|sfzgn] jftfj/0fk|b"if0f, ljleGg k|sf/sf k|sf]k, k|fs[lts ;|f]t, kof{j/0fLo ko{6g, h}ljs ljljwtf,pmhf{h:tf ljljw ljifodf r]tgf clej[l4 ub}{ ;dfhsf] lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu pTk|]/ssf] sfo{ ug]{ p2]ZolnPsf] 5 . o; cleofgnfO{ ;kmn / k|ltkmnd'vL agfpg cfk;L ;xof]usf] cfj:ostf kg]{ x'“bf tkfO{+;“u;xsfo{sf nflu cg'/f]w ub}{5f}“ .

tkfO{“n] o; cleofgdf kof{j/0fsf] jflif{s ;b:o ag]/ jf c¿nfO{ klg ;b:o aGg k|]l/t u/]/, o;dfk|sfzgfy{ n]v, /rgf tyf cGo ;fdu|L pknAw u/fP/, k|sfzgnfO{ cem lzIffk|b / pkof]uL agfpg;'emfj ;Nnfx lbP/, z'esfdgf tyf Jofkfl/s tyf Jofj;flos lj1fkg pknAw u/fP/ ;xefuL x'g;Sg'x'g]5 .

gf]6 M 7]ufgf kl/jt{g ePdf oyfzL3| hfgsf/L lbg'xf]nf .tTsfn ;b:o aGg] kf7snfO{ Psk|lt h}ljs ljljwtf ljz]iffª\s pkxf/:j¿k pknAw u/fOg]5 .

;b:otf kmf/fd / z'Ns sxf“ k7fpg] <kof{j/0f dfl;ssf nflu

jftfj/0f tyf afn ;/f]sf/ ;+:yf–g]kfnsf7df8f}“ dxfgu/kflnsf– #!, wf]aLwf/f,kf]:6aS; g+= !(&@), sf7df8f}“, g]kfnkmf]gM $$$%#@), k\mofS;M $@^%$%%

kof{j/0f dfl;su|fxs g+=M___

gfdM________________________________________________________________________

k"/f 7]ufgfM_________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

kmf]gM _____________________Od]nM____________________________________________

;b:otf cjlwM_______________b]lv_______________;Dd

u|fxssf] ;xLM____________________

gfdM_____________________________

______________________

sfof{nosf] 5fk

u|fxs k|ltM__ k|lt

;b:otf z'Ns ?= sf] A/C Payee r]s÷8«fˆ6 ;+nUg 5 .

jflif{s u|fxs kmf/d✁✁ ✁

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39 issue of paryawaran

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