38177922 design of keys and couplings

8/8/2019 38177922 Design of Keys and Couplings

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INDUS INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Name : Keval Patel

Subject Code : 131902

Subject Name : Machine Design and Industrial

Drafting

B.E Mechanical Engineering , 3rd Semester

1PREPARED BY: KEVAL PATELMECHANICAL ENGG. DEPT.


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Design of keys and

couplings



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Keys

A key is a piece of mild steel inserted between the shaft

and hub or boss of the pulley to connect these together in

order to prevent relative motion between them.

Keys are used as temporary fastenings and are subjectedto consider able crushing and shearing stresses.



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Types of keys

Sunk keys

Saddle keys

Tangent keys Round keys

Splines



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1. Sunk keys

Rectangular sunk key

w = d / 4 ; and thickness of key, t = 2w / 3 = d / 6

Square sunk key

w = t = d / 4

Gib-head key

w = d / 4 ;

t = 2w / 3 = d / 6



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2. Saddle keys

1. Flat saddle key: Aflat saddle key is a taper key which fits in a

keyway in the hub and is flat on the shaft as shown in Fig.

2. Hollow saddle key: A hollow saddle key is a taper key which

fits in a keyway in the hub and the bottom of the keyis shaped

to fit the curved surface of the shaft.

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PREPARED BY: KEVAL PATELMECHANICAL ENGG. DEPT.


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3. Tangent keys

The tangent keys are fitted in pair at right angles as shown in

Fig.

Each key is to withstand torsion in one direction only.

These are used in large heavy duty shafts



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4. Round Keys

Round keys are circular in section and fit into holes drilled partly

in the shaft and partly in the hub.

Round keys are usually considered to be most appropriate for

low power drives.



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Strength of a Sunk Key

T= Torque transmitted by the shaft,

F= Tangential force acting at the circumference of the shaft,

d= Diameter of shaft,

l= Length of key,

w= Width of key.

t= Thickness of key, and

and c = Shear and crushing stresses for the material of key.



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Considering shearing of the key

F = Area resisting shearing Shear stress = l w

Torque transmitted

Considering crushing of the key, the tangential crushing

force acting at the circumference of the shaft,

F = Area resisting crushing Crushing stress =

Torque transmitted by the shaft,



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The key is equally strong in shearing and crushing, if

In order to find the length of the key to transmit full power of

the shaft, the shearing strength of the key is equal to the

torsional shear strength of the shaft.

We know that the shearing strength of key,

(i)

and torsional shear strength of the shaft,

(ii)



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From equations (i) and (ii), we have

When the key material is same as that of the shaft , then =1



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SHAFT

PREPARED BY: KEVAL PATELMECHANICAL ENGG. DEPT.

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Shaft coupling

Shafts are usually available up to 7 meters length due to

inconvenience in transport. In order to have a greater length, it becomes necessary to join

two or more pieces of the shaft by means of a coupling.

Shaft couplings are used in machinery for:

1. Connection of shafts of such as a motor and generator

and for disconnection for repairs or alternations.

2. For misalignment of the shafts or mechanical flexibility.3. To reduce the transmission of shock loads

4. To introduce protection against overloads.



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Requirements of a Good Shaft Coupling

1. It should be easy to connect or disconnect.

2. It should transmit the full power from one shaft to the

other shaft without losses.

3. It should hold the shafts in perfect alignment.

4. It should reduce the transmission of shock loads from

one shaft to another shaft.

5. It should have no projecting parts.



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Types of Shafts Couplings

Shaft couplings are divided into two main groups as follows:

1. Rigid coupling: It is used to connect two shafts which are

perfectly aligned.

(a) Sleeve or muff coupling

(b) Clamp orsplit-mufforcompression coupling

(c) Flange coupling.

2. Flexible coupling: It is used to connect two shafts having bothlateral and angular misalignment.

(a) Bushed pin type coupling

(b) Universal coupling

(c) Oldham coupling 17PREPARED BY: KEVAL PATELMECHANICAL ENGG. DEPT.


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Sleeve or Muff-coupling

It is the simplest type of rigid coupling, made of cast iron.

It consists of a hollow cylinder whose inner diameter is thesame as that of the shaft.

It is fitted over the ends of the two shafts by means of a gib

head key, as shown in Fig.



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Outer diameter of the sleeve, D = 2d + 13 mm

length of the sleeve, L = 3.5 d,

where d= diameter of the shaft.

T= Torque to be transmitted by the coupling,

c = Permissible shear stress for the material of the sleeve which

is cast iron.

Design for key:

The length of key is at least equal to the length of the sleeve

The coupling key is usually made into two parts so that the

length of the key in each shaft



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After fixing the length of key in each shaft, the induced shearing

and crushing stresses may be checked.

We know that torque transmitted,



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Clamp or Compression Coupling

It is also known as split muff coupling.

In this case, the muff or sleeve is made into two halves and arebolted together.

Number of bolts may be two, four or six.

Used for heavy duty and moderate speeds.

Advantage of this coupling is that the position of the shaftsneed not be changed for assembling or disassembling of the

coupling.



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Design of split muff coupling

The usual proportions of the muff for the clamp or compression

coupling are : Diameter of the muff or sleeve, D = 2d + 13 mm

Length of the muff or sleeve, L = 3.5 d

where d= Diameter of the shaft.22PREPARED BY: KEVAL PATEL

MECHANICAL ENGG. DEPT.


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Design of muff and key:

The muff and key are designed

in the similar way as discussed

in muff coupling

Design of clamping bolts:

Let T= Torque transmited by

the shaft,

d= Diameter of shaft,

db = Root or effective diameter

of bolt,

n = Number of bolts, t= Permissible tensile stress

for bolt material,

= Coefficient of friction

between the muff and shaft,

L = Length of muff.

We know that the force

exerted by each bolt

Force exerted by the bolts

on each side of the shaft

Letp be the pressure on the

shaft and the muff surfacedue to the force



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Frictional force between each shaft and muff,

F = pressure area =

Torque that can be transmitted by the coupling,

From this equation (root diameter of bolt) db cab be evaluated.24PREPARED BY: KEVAL PATELMECHANICAL ENGG. DEPT.


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Flange coupling

A flange coupling usually applies to a coupling having two

separate cast iron flanges. Each flange is mounted on the shaft end and keyed to it.



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Design of flange coupling

d= Diameter of shaft or inner diameter of hub,

D = Outer diameter of hub,

d1 = Nominal or outside diameter of bolt,

D1 = Diameter of bolt circle,

n = Number of bolts, tf= Thickness of flange,

s, b andk= Allowable shear stress for shaft, bolt and key

material respectively

c = Allowable shear stress for the flange material i.e. cast iron,

cb, andck= Allowable crushing stress for bolt and key

material respectively.



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1. Design forhub:

The hub is designed by considering it as a hollow shaft

The outer diameter of hub is usually taken as twice the

diameter of shaft.

Therefore from the above relation, the induced shearing stressin the hub may be checked.

The length of hub (L) is taken as 1.5 d



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2.Design for key:

The key is designed with usual proportions and then checked for

shearing and crushing stresses.

Length and width of key are related with the diameter of shaft.

From above equation shear stress and crushing stress of key can be

evaluated.

The material of key is usually the same as that of shaft. The length of

key is taken equal to the length of hub.29PREPARED BY: KEVAL PATEL



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3.Design for flange:

The flange at the junction of the hub is under shear while

transmitting the torque.

T= Circumference of hub Thickness of flange Shear stress of

flange Radius of hub

The thickness of flange is usually taken as half the diameter of

shaft.

Therefore from the above relation, the induced shearing stress

in the flange may be checked.



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4.Design forbolts:

The bolts are subjected to shear stress due to the torque

transmitted. The number of bolts (n)

Depends upon the diameter of shaft and the pitch circle

diameter of bolts (D1) is taken as 3d

Load on each bolt

Total load on all the bolts

Torque transmitted,

From this equation, the diameter of bolt (d1) may be

obtained



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Now the diameter of bolt may be checked in crushing.

We know that area resisting crushing of all the bolts

Crushing strength of all the bolts

Torque,

From this equation, the induced crushing stress in the bolts may

be checked



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Ex:1

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PREPARED BY: KEVAL PATELMECHANICAL ENGG. DEPT. 34


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THANK YOU



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36PREPARED BY: KEVAL PATEL



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37PREPARED BY: KEVAL PATEL


38177922 design of keys and couplings

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