3.4 restoration ecology - weeblysciencewithz.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/1/0/25106439/3.4...in 2007, a...
TRANSCRIPT
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3.4 Restoration Ecology:(Pages 110-116)
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Learning Goals
• I can describe the concepts of stewardship and restoration ecology, and explain why they are important to humans.
• I can explain how to restore ecosystems through reforestation, wetland restoration, controlling alien species, bioremediation and bioaugmentation.
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Key Concepts• Restoration ecology includes reforestation,
wetlands restoration, controlling alien species, bioremediation, and bioaugmentation.
• The flow of nutrients through ecosystems can be interrupted by human activities, and restoration techniques can offset those interruptions.
• Alien species are extremely difficult to eradicate in most situations.
• There are many ecosystems that require restoration, and the Alberta tar sands will be a major challenge.
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Stewardship
• STEWARDSHIP: the active assumption of responsibility for the welfare of the environment
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Restoration Ecology
• RESTORATION ECOLOGY: the renewal of degraded or destroyed ecosystems through active human intervention
• A major goal of restoration ecology is to stimulate natural processes of regeneration to produce
a sustainable, if not identical,ecosystem
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RESTORATION ECOLOGY
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Restoration Ecology in the Don Valley
• Ecological restoration has converted Toronto’s Don Valley Brick Works (shown in 1891 and today) into a natural environment and cultural heritage park that includes wetlands, a boardwalk, a wildflower meadow, and restored historic buildings
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Restoration Methods
• Restoration ecologists use many techniques to restore sustainable ecosystems– Reforestation– Wetland Restoration– Controlling Alien Species– Bioremediation– Bioaugmentation
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Reforestation
• Reforestation: the regrowth of a forest, either through natural processes or through the planting of seeds or trees in an area where a forest was cut down
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Reforestation• Red pines, which were planted
to control soil erosion, helped to accelerate natural forest succession.
• A) Forest was cut down to use the land for agriculture
• B) Red pine trees were planted to reforest the area
• C) As the red pines grew, they provided shade under which other species grew
• D) After many years, natural succession occurred, and there was a gradual return of native species
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Wetland Restoration• Wetland restoration:
– process in which a wetland is returned to its natural state
– returns soil quality, composition, water coverage, the type of plants that grow there, and the habitat
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Controlling Alien Species
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Controlling Alien Species• Alien species can upset the equilibrium of an
ecosystem
• Preventing the spread of alien species is an important part of maintaining sustainable ecosystems
• Biocontrols and chemicals are two methods that ecologists use to help control alien species
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Asian Long-horned beetle
Purple Loosestrife
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In2007,asmall,ratherprettygreenbugcalledtheEmeraldAshBorerwasdiscoveredinToronto.TheEAB,averysuccessfulAsiannative,likestofeedonthebarkofashtrees;theCityofTorontoestimatesthat,by2017,allofToronto’s860,000ashtreesmaywellbedead.(Source:TheNationalPost- April26,2012)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAOEaLGm-Ic
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Controlling Alien Species
• BIOCONTROL: the use of a species to control the population growth or spread of an undesirable species– Ex. Introducing predators or parasites
• CHEMICAL CONTROL: the use of a species to control the population growth or spread of an undesirable species– Ex. Using poison baits
• Can be risky à may harm native species
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Bioremediation• BIOREMEDIATION: the use of living organisms
to clean up contaminated areas naturally– Plants can clean soil by absorbing poisons on their
tissues– Bacteria can break down toxic chemicals
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Bioaugmentation
• BIOAUGMENTATION: the use of organisms to add essential nutrients to depleted soils– Plants are used to replenish nitrogen levels in
soils
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Practice• Page116#1-8• Socrative3.4quiz
VIDEO:ConservationandRestorationEcology:CrashCourseEcology#12https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kaeyr5-O2eU