3.1 measuring biodiversity - weeblysciencewithz.weebly.com/.../3.1_measuring_biodiversity_1.pdfkey...
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LearningGoals• IcanexplaintheconceptofbiodiversityandidentifytrendsinbiodiversityonEarth.• Icanexplainhowbiodiversityismeasured.• Icanexplainhowtopreservebiodiversityandwhypreservingbiodiversityisimportant.
KeyConcepts
•Biodiversityisthenumberandvarietyoforganismsfoundwithinaspecificregion.•Scientistshaveidentifiedabout2millionspeciesonEarth.
KeyConcepts•Scientistsmeasurebiodiversityusingseveralmethods.•ThereareplacesonEarthwherethereisanexceptionallylargenumbersofspeciesinarelativelysmallarea.•Mostbiodiversityhotspotsareintropicalareas.•BiodomeII- WatchThis!
WhatisBiodiversity?•Biodiversityisthenumberandvarietyoforganismsfoundwithinaspecificregion.•Thereareapproximately5to100millionspeciesonEarth.
Asamplingoffungicollectedduringsummer2008inNorthernSaskatchewan’smixedwoods,nearLaRonge,isanexampleofthespeciesdiversityoffungi.Inthisphoto,therearealsoleaflichensandmosses.
SustainingBiodiversity
•Anecosystemcansustainbiodiversityonlyifindividualspeciesandtheirhabitatsareprotectedorpreserved
MeasuringBiodiversity
•4Methodsformeasuringbiodiversity:•Canopyfogging•Quadratsampling•Transectsampling•Netting
MethodsofMeasuringBiodiversity
• CanopyFogging• countingthebiodiversityofinsects• Insecticideissprayedintothetopofatree&wheninsectsfalltheyarecollectedonascreen
• QuadratSampling• Aquadratisaknownsquareareathatismarkedusingapre-madesquare• Differentspeciesandtheirnumberswithinthequadratarecounted
MethodsofMeasuringBiodiversity
• Transectsampling• atransectline(ropeortape)thathasbeenmarked• Thelineisunrolledwithinthehabitatandthenumberofspeciesalongthelinearerecorded
• Netting• Finemeshnetsareusedtocapturebirds,bats&fish.• Oncecaptured,organismsareidentified;bloodsamplesmaybetakenforgeneticanalysis&organismsareeventuallyreleased
HotspotsofBiodiversity
•Abiodiversityhotspotisaplacewherethereisexceptionallylargenumberofspeciesthatliveinarelativelysmallarea
BiodiversityhotspotinCanada:Seehereforacollection:https://www.canadiangeographic.ca/article/canadas-biodiversity-hotspotsCarolinianCanada- 2200plants,40%ofCanada’sbreedingbirdspecies
TrendsinBiodiversity
•Speciesrichnesstendstobehigherneartheequator•Warmtemperatures•Adequateprecipitation
•Tropicalrainforestshavehighestbiodiversity ofanyecosystem•Ex.Ontariohas1speciesofhummingbirdwhiletheAmazonrainforesthasover200
PreservingBiodiversity
•Protectinganecosystempreservesbiodiversity•Itpreventshouses/industriesfrombeingbuiltinthearea•Thishelpstomaintainanecosystemwhereavarietyofspeciescanexist