335sqn recruit training manual - part 4 (fcr)

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PART 4

FIELDCRAFT

HOME TRAINING MANUAL - RECRUIT3–2

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CHAPTER 1

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

Objectives

1.2 The objectives for this subject are as follows:

a. State:

(1) The necessity for correct Field Clothing and footwear.

(2) The requirements for safety equipment.

b. Describe the different types of webbing and backpacks, and their uses.

c. Demonstrate how to correctly assemble a pack for a cadet camp

d. List the items necessary when packing for a cadet camp including:

(1) food

(2) utensils/ accessories

(3) tentage

(4) sleeping gear

(5) clothing

FIELD CLOTHING AND FOOTWEAR

1.3 The first uniform issued to an AAFC Cadet is the Disruptive Pattern Uniform (DPU). This is worn by Recruits until graduation after which it becomes field / working dress and is then only worn on bivouacs or other specified activities. DPU consists of the following;

a. Hat; utility, which is designed with a floppy brim to protect the face, ears and neck and to shade the eyes.

b. Shirt; should be of a comfortable fit neither too tight nor to loose. For field work, the sleeves are worn down and secured at the cuff.

c. Trousers; as for the shirt, should be a comfortable fit. They are worn with the cuff ’bloused’ over the top of the boots using either an elastic garter or heavy duty rubber band.

d. Socks; must be of sufficient thickness to fit snugly in the boots without restricting circulation to the feet. Woolen socks are best for field work and must be long enough to protrude above the boot tops so as to prevent them chafing the calves.

e. Boots; GP, are designed for comfort and support in field use, provided that they fit properly. When brand new, boots should not be worn in the field, but need to be ’broken in’, by wearing and waxing / polishing them. Boots and laces must be maintained in good condition for field work.

Wet Weather Protection

1.4 Bivouacs and field activities often take place throughout the year in all seasons and weather conditions. Some form of wet weather clothing is an essential part of a Cadet’s kit. This will need to be obtained individually as it isn’t normal issue.

FIELDCRAFT3–15

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The ideal clothing for field use is either a poncho or military style waterproof smock, preferably green or camouflage in colour.

Personal Safety Equipment

1.5 In the field, each Cadet should carry a personal first aid kit, packaged in a small zip-top plastic envelope. The suggested contents is as follows;

a. A bandage

b. Non adhesive dressing.

c. Several band aids or Elastoplast.

d. Prescribed Medical.

e. Safety pins.

f. Anti-septic cream

g. Tweezers.

h. Water purification tablets.

GENERAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT

1.6 The following is a list of stores that are typically included for all Field Exercises.

a. Spade; to dig latrines, fire trenches and waste pits.

b. Rake; for clearing around fireplaces and to keep the camp generally tidy.

c. Axe; for clearing the area if necessary and general use.

d. Knapsack spray or water bucket; to be within easy reach of each fireplace.

WEBBING EQUIPMENT AND BACK PACKS

1.7 Webbing is the informal but widely known name for the series of pouches and belts used to carry personal equipment. The name derives from the cotton webbing belts used in early versions of the equipment.

1.8 Webbing is designed to be versatile and interchangeable. Individuals will set up webbing to personal preference. Typical webbing will consist of the following pieces of equipment:

a. Harness, There are many designs with different tether points. The harness should be comfortable to wear as it will help carry the load.

b. Belt; Most of the pouches will connect to the belt. The belt should sit on the hips to help spread the weight of the load.

c. Water Bottle & Pouches; Pouches designed specifically to carry water bottles. Common designs have an external pouch for carrying addition items.

d. Pouches, Steyr or Minimi; Modern DPCU webbing pouches come in two sizes, Steyr or Minimi. As the name suggests, the pouches are designed for either the F-88 Austeyr or the F-89 Minimi. The Steyr pouch is designed to carry 3 Styre Magazines whereas the Minimi pouch is designed to carry 200 rounds of linked ammunition. In the AAFC, both pouches are used to carry equipment with the Minimi pouch being favored due to its larger size.


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e. Bum Bag. Not as prevalent as they once were, the bum bag is a larger pouch that can expand to carry a significant amount of equipment. These days however, many people use Minimi Pouches instead.

f. Comforter: Foam mat used to cushion the belt and help prevent chaffing.

Figure 1-1: Webbing Assembly

1.9 Webbing is designed to carry small but vital pieces of equipment or rations in the military, it is used by personnel to be able to operate for up to 24 hours if they become separated from their field pack.

1.10 Cadets will use webbing in a similar way. Webbing should only contain important equipment so as not to become too heavy. A generic list of items to carry in your webbing include:

a. Water: The most vital thing to carry. You should have the capacity to carry at least 1l of water

b. Rations: 1 Main meal and a few snacks (i.e. muesli bars, trail mix etc.). The remainder of your food should be kept in your back pack.

c. Map & Compass

d. Admin Pouch: Containing notepad, pencil, viewee twoee, insect repellant, and cam cream. Toilet Paper (few sheets for if/when required – not the entire roll) Pocket knife

e. First Aid Kit

f. Rain Coat

1.11 A common mistake cadets make is to load up webbing with non-essential equipment. Carrying around heavy loads will cause fatigue and can lead to dehydration, exhaustion and other related illnesses.

FIELDCRAFT3–5

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Packs

1.12 The selection of back packs suitable for AAFC field activities is vast. Generally speaking though, packs can be narrowed down into three categories; Day Packs, Internal Frame Packs, and External Frame Packs.

1.13 Daypacks. These packs are used for single-day hikes, climbs, runs or bike rides. In general, daypacks are soft-backed or frameless. Daypacks are lightweight and intended for light loads (5 to 10 kilograms). Good daypacks have hip belts to prevent the load from thumping on your back with each stride. Generally, a daypack would not be of sufficient size for a cadet on a Field Exercise

1.14 Internal Frame Packs. These packs are used for bigger, heavier loads (15 pounds and up). Frames--either aluminum stays, plastic frame sheets, curved Delrin rods, or combinations of those things--are located within the pack bag (as opposed to external frames; see below), and when properly fit, they hug the contours of your back, thereby cinching the load in close to your spine.

1.15 The main job of the frame is to facilitate weight transfer to the hip area, which is where we humans are most capable of bearing it. So a good, supportive hip belt is also critical.

1.16 External Frame Backpacks. Also used for big, heavy loads, these packs are best for walking on trails. Because external frame packs have a higher center of gravity than internal frame packs it gives excellent weight transfer to the hips and it allows you to walk with a more upright posture (with big internals you have to lean forward to counterbalance the load).

Tips for Selecting a Pack

1.17 It should be large enough to hold a sleeping bag, spare set of clothing, food and water and other personal items, but not so big that it becomes too heavy or awkward to carry.

1.18 It must sit comfortably and squarely on the back without dragging the shoulders down. When trying out a pack in the store, it should be loaded up so that you get a true feel for the type you want.

1.19 Make sure that the pack you select is waterproof.

1.20 If you intend to use your pack in conjunction with webbing, ensure you can wear both without your webbing interfering with the carriage of your pack.

1.21 A good general design for a field back pack is one which has a separate compartment top and bottom, pockets for small items on each side and a map compartment in the back or top flap. See Figure 1-2: Field Back PackFigure 1-2 below.


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Figure 1-2: Field Back Pack

Packing

1.22 When packing your pack field pack, ensure you place heavier items to the bottom or middle of the pack. Keeping the weight of your pack low and close to your spine will help maintain balance.

1.23 The following is a list of items Cadets should pack in their Field Pack

a. Sleeping Bag

b. Spare Clothes

c. Cooking Equipment (i.e. Hexamine Stove etc.)

d. Messing Equipment (This should contain a plate, a bowl, a cup and Knife Fork and Spoon. Dixie Tins and Cups Canteen are the military solution for this and are collapsible into each other whilst also being sturdy. There are plenty of similar civilian equivalents also.

e. Toiletries. Hygiene in the field is important and is covered in more detail in Chapter 4.

f. Tentage

g. Rations. Other than that carried in webbing. Other lightweight webbing equipment which a Cadet will need in the field is available from disposal or camping stores and should be versatile in its use. Military style webbing is best suited to this and the minimum requirement would be a webbing belt, water bottle and carrier and a small pack or basic pouch. The water bottle carrier and pouch are, of course, attached to the belt.

FIELDCRAFT3–7

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Annexes:

Figure 1-3: Suggest Method of Packing Field Pack

1A FRC1 Revision Questions

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FCR1 REVISION QUESTIONS

ANNEX 1A

1. List three items that are suggested to be contained in a personal first aid kit

2. The equipment and rations contained within webbing should be sufficient to sustain a cadet for how long?

3. List 5 items that your should carry in your webbing

4. List 5 Items you should carry in your Field Pack

5. How should DP Trousers be worn?

FIELDCRAFT2–9

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CHAPTER 2

FIELD RATIONS

Objectives

1.24 The Following are the objectives for this lesson:

a. Describe the different foods and food requirements, in particular

(1) One man ration pack

(2) Five man ration pack

(3) General/ fresh rations

b. Outline potential risks for food allergies and contamination on field exercises including:

(1) Combat Ration Packs contents and sharing,

(2) Sharing food items between cadets

(3) Correct storage requirements of fresh rations

c. Demonstrate the correct method of preparing a meal from a CRP.

FOOD REQUIREMENTS

1.25 The planning of bivouac rations is most important and should be done systematically. Start by working out the number of breakfasts, lunches and dinners required and then make up a menu for each. While planning out the menu, keep in mind the correct balance and select food which will include the five major food groups. These are as follows;

a. Carbohydrates; (bread, cereals, flour, potatoes etc.) to assist the body in the utilization of protein and fat.

b. Proteins; (cheese, eggs, meat, fish, beans etc.) for growth and tissue repair.

c. Fats; (cheese, butter, oil, fatty meats etc.) for muscular energy and heat.

d. Minerals; (salt, potassium, calcium etc.) to maintain cellular function.

e. Vitamins; (fruit, vegetables etc.) for growth and control of body activities.

1.26 The final step is to calculate the quantities required and when doing this, keep in mind that when active, out in the fresh air and burning up plenty of energy, you are likely to need more food per head than would be normal from day to day. A good gauge as to what types and amounts would be needed is to match your calculations up with the menu from a military one-man, twenty four hour, ration pack.

Fluids

1.27 Water is the most vital fluid required by the body and it is most important to plan so that plenty is available at all times. Again, you are likely to need more during field activities than normal. Sweet soft drinks are not suitable in the field as they tend to make the person feel thirsty again soon after drinking. Fruit juices, on the other hand, are very good and have a double purpose in that they provide fluid and vitamins at the same time.


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COMBAT RATION PACKS

1.28 Combat Ration Packs (CRP) are designed by Defence Science and Technology Organization (DSTO) to provide personnel with the proper food and dietary requirements whilst in the field. Rations packs are came in a 1 man or 5 man configuration.

Figure 2-1: Five Man and One Man Combat Ration Pack

Combat Ration Pack – 1 Man

1.29 The CRP provides enough food and vitamins for one person for 24 hours when conducting high intensity activities. Each ration pack will provide an average of 14700kJ of energy. Typically, cadets will find there is more than enough food.

1.30 There are five separate menus available to provide variety. Each pack contains two main meals, a midday snack and a number of sundry items. All items in the pack can be eaten either hot or cold, although some items are generally more appealing when heated. Upon receiving a CRP, you should break down the pack into meals and store them as required in your pack and webbing.

Figure 2-2: Contents of a One Man Ration Pack

FIELDCRAFT2–11

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ALLERGIES

1.31 Upon entry into the AAFC, cadets should declare all known medical conditions including allergies.

1.32 Catering for Cadets, particularly those with food allergies must be considered as part of the planning and risk assessment processes. Active consideration of potential allergies within the Cadet participants, strategies for eliminating contact with potential allergens and the likely risk of an affected Cadet coming into contact with an allergen must occur.

Figure 2-3: Common Food Allergens

1.33 Locally managed catering should, where necessary, exclude foods with the potential to contain allergens from the menu. This can be facilitated by purchasing and using food in its rawest, least processed form, thereby preparing food that does not contain potential allergens as an ingredient.

1.34 It is sufficient to eliminate food that has the allergen as an ingredient. It is not practical to eliminate all foods which have “may contain …” warnings. However Cadets with known allergies must not be exposed to foods which “may contain …” allergens without close supervision and prior discussion and approval from the Cadet’s parent or carer.

1.35 If food containing potential allergens is used, preparation of this food must be kept separate from preparation of all other food, including using separate cooking utensils and strict prevention of potential cross contamination.

1.36 Cadets may not share or swap food or use each other’s cutlery, crockery, utensils or drink bottles.

1.37 Where a Cadet is identified as having allergies, particularly if there are numerous or severe allergies, the Cadet’s parents or carers should be consulted on the proposed menu as part of the activity planning. Parents should be given the opportunity to replace high risk food with safe food from home. The provision of food by parents does not eliminate the need to exclude or minimize the risk of casual contact with allergens or the need to avoid taking precautions to prevent cross contamination during food preparation.

Annexes:2A FCR2 Revision Questions


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1. List the 5 major food groups

2. Provide an example of one of the food groups above

3. How does your body use proteins?

4. How long does a Combat Ration Pack provide food for?

5. How many kJ of energy does a CRP provide?

6. How many different types of CRP are there?

7. Do any items in a CRP require cooking?

ANNEX 2A

8. On entry to the AAFC, what are cadets with allergies required to do?

9. What actions should cadets use to prevent accidental exposure to allergens?

10. What actions should be taken during food preparation to prevent cross contamination?

FIELDCRAFT3–13

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CHAPTER 3

SAFETY IN THE FIELD

Objectives

3.1 The following are the objectives for this lesson:

a. State the AAFC Environmental Management requirements and country code of conduct

b. Describe the procedure to be adopted if lost, injured or in danger.

c. State the importance of following instructions in the field.

d. Outline Fire precautions.

e. Describe the “buddy system” to be utilized within the AAFC.

f. Explain the importance of the “buddy system with regard to welfare of cadets.

AAFC COUNTRY CODE OF PRACTICE

3.2 When operating in the field, the AAFC relies on a special code of behaviour to be exercised by all of its members. There is a very good reason for this, because when on bivouac or other field activity, we often need to camp on or pass through farm land or National Parks and Reserves. By following the ’Country Code of Practice’ listed here, we are showing respect for other people’s property and feelings. To contravene the code will only make you and other AAFC personnel unwelcome in the future.

a. Ask permission before using private land, a courteous request will nearly always be granted and often, the owner will be only too happy to pass on information about the area such as campsites, water and so on.

b. Leave farm gates either open or closed as you find them.

c. When crossing a fence use the gate, or if necessary, a solid post to climb over so that you don’t stretch the wires.

d. Don’t litter, if you can carry it in - you can carry it out.

e. Don’t interfere with or disturb any livestock on the property.

f. Walk around crops - not through them.

g. Observe the fire regulations. Because these vary from place to place, check with either the CFS or the local council during the planning phase of your activity.

h. When hiking along a road, walk in single file on the right hand side, facing the oncoming traffic. At night carry a torch at the front and rear of the group.

LOST PROCEDURES

3.3 Even with sound planning and preparation it is still possible to become lost or overdue during a bivouac or field activity. Knowing what to do if this situation arises is a vital part of planning an activity. Many combinations of factors contribute to a party becoming lost or overdue, some of these are;

a. Becoming lost;

(1) Poor or inexperienced party leadership and planning.


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(2) Lack of knowledge of the terrain

(3) Little or no knowledge of bushcraft.

(4) Panic.

b. Becoming overdue;

(1) Unexpected illness or injury within the party.

(2) Malfunction loss or destruction of essential equipment.

(3) Tackling a route which is beyond the capabilities of the party.

(4) Delays caused by unexpected changes in weather conditions.

(5) Changing pre-planned routes or destinations without advising authorities.

Action if Lost or Overdue

3.4 An overdue group is not lost, just late and every effort should be made by the group to reach the objective and / or contact the authorities as soon as possible so that an unnecessary search is not initiated. A lost party however, must take appropriate action to assist search and rescue organisations in locating the group quickly.

3.5 Actions required of cadet upon becoming lost should be included in an exercise brief prior to activities commencing. They should detail plan to move to a prominent feature such s as a road or mountain where a search would commence. However, in the absence of such instructions, the following guidelines will assist.

a. The lost group should move to a prominent feature such as a clearing or high point in the terrain and then remain stationary and together.

b. At least one member of the group needs to be on watch at all times, day and night, so as to either call for help or alert the others to danger if necessary.

c. Signals attract attention and should be used whenever it is thought that such might be seen by searchers. Some common forms of signalling are smoke, fires, flashing lights, torches, and mirror flashes, shouting, whittling and waving flags or items of clothing.

FIRE PRECAUTIONS

3.6 Many AAFC units will have a campfire fire whilst on Field Exercises. Other times, hexamine or solid fuel stoves will be used for cooking. Regardless of the situation, the following precautions should be observed:

a. Use a built fireplace where provided or dig a 30 centimetre deep trench to house the fire and prevent embers from flying out

b. Create a border around the fire using large rocks.

c. Light the campfire in a cleared area. Remove branches, leaves and twigs from the ground and above the flames to create a clearing of three metres around the fire

d. Ensure the fire is three metres away from tents and other camping equipment is stored well away, especially flammable items such as gas cylinders and fuel cans

FIELDCRAFT3–15

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e. Never use flammable liquid or fuel such as petrol or diesel on a fire even when you are trying to get it started

f. Keep the fire at an appropriate size for the task. Do not let it get too big or out of control

g. Never leave the fire unattended

h. Keep a bucket of water, rake hoe, or other firefighting equipment nearby to deal with any emergencies quickly.

THE BUDDY SYSTEM

3.7 The buddy system is a simple means of looking out for one another. At the commencement of a AAFC field activity, cadets should be paired up. Typically this will be with the person you are sharing accommodation with.

3.8 The buddy system works on the principal that no cadet should ever be alone during a field exercise. When not operating in a section, cadets will buddy up with their partner. In this way, there will always be a cadet available to seek help should any accident occur.

3.9 Cadets should always been accompanied by their buddy at all times, including:

a. Toilet visits

b. Moving to and from accommodation at night

c. Reporting to a senior member when requested

d. Re-filling water bottles or retrieving equipment

e. Preparing meals.

3.10 Although the buddy system might seem over the top, it is important to the welfare of cadets. It will help prevent people from becoming lost, or not getting timely first aid treatment should an accident occur.



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1. List three items of the Country Code of Practice

2. Name a factor that can contribute to becoming lost

ANNEX 3A

3. List the three actions cadets should take in the event of becoming lost

4. List three precautions cadets should use for campfires

5. What is the principal of the Buddy System?

6. List three occasions when cadets should be accompanies by their buddy

FIELDCRAFT4–17

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CHAPTER 4

FIELD HYGIENE

Objectives

4.1 The following are the objectives for this lesson

a. State the definition of personal hygiene.

b. Outline the requirements of personal and communal hygiene involving food and water.

c. Explain the application of the principles of personal and communal hygiene.

PERSONAL HYGIENE

Definition of Personal Hygiene

4.2 Personal hygiene means the measures that can be taken by individuals to safeguard their own state of health.

Requirements and Application of Personal Hygiene

4.3 Cleanliness has a great deal to do with protecting the body against certain diseases, but this alone is not enough as illness can occur through other means, such as insect bites, contaminated drinking water or using unclean eating utensils. Personal hygiene, therefore, is not just about washing the body but extends to proper care of personal equipment as well. The following guidelines will assist in the application of personal hygiene;

a. Skin; bathing the whole body daily is ideal, but not always possible in the field. Some form of washing however, is usually available and this needs to be done particular attention to those parts of the body where sweat accumulates such as the armpits, waist, crutch, feet and parts which are exposed to dust and dirt.

b. Mouth and teeth; teeth should be cleaned at least once daily using vertical strokes with the tooth brush so as to clean and stimulate the gums.

c. Ears; ear complaints are painful and difficult to treat so prevention is best. The most common causes of ear trouble are through accumulated sweat and dirt and swimming in contaminated water. Clean out the ears thoroughly but take care not to use any object which is likely to rupture the ear drum or scratch the inside of the ear.

d. Hands and feet; the hands are continually coming into contact with dirty and infected material and if care is not taken, may transfer this to food or other parts of the body. Germs particularly collect under the finger nails and skin infections can be caused through scratches and small cuts. Sweat and dirt collect on the feet, particularly between the toes, and make them especially susceptible to infection through cuts, chafing and blisters. To keep the hands and feet in good condition do the following;

(1) Trim nails short and clean them out regularly.

(2) Wash hands before each meal and after each visit to the latrine.

(3) Thoroughly wash, dry and inspect the condition of the feet daily.


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(4) Keep a clean pair of socks and change them daily, after washing the feet.

(5) Wash and change clothing as often as the situation allows.

e. Dirty clothes carry germs which can enter the body through the pores or small cuts, causing boils, carbuncles and other skin infections.

REQUIREMENTS AND APPLICATION OF COMMUNAL HYGIENE

4.4 Effective communal hygiene is essential in a bivouac or camp situation for the prevention of intestinal and other communicable diseases. There are four factors which need to be taken into consideration. These are explained fully in lecture four and are, sitting of the bivouac, water supply, sanitation and disposal of refuse.

4.5 Disease is usually spread in a communal situation by a chain of events taking place, break the chain and you have made a start on controlling the disease. What usually happens is outlined below;

a. The cause; An infected person or carrier of the disease.

b. The route; Contaminated food, water, utensils, unsanitary conditions or direct contact.

c. The destination; A healthy person.

4.6 To break the chain;

a. The infected person or carrier must be removed from the unit, isolated and treated.

b. Hygiene and sanitation must be as perfect as conditions permit. Food must be properly cooked; water must be sterilized or boiled before use. Flies and other insects must not be allowed to come into contact with cooking utensils, food or human faeces.

c. Healthy members of the unit must be protected against contamination.


FIELDCRAFT4–19

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1. State the definition of personal hygiene

ANNEX 4A

2. When you are unable to wash your whole body, which particular body parts should you ensure are clean daily?

3. List three techniques to keep your hands and feet in good condition

4. What are the three events that make up chain that spreads disease

5. What methods can you use to break the chain above?


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CHAPTER 5

CAMP ACCOMMODATION

Objectives

5.1 The following are the objectives of this lesson:

5.2 Demonstrate the erection and dismantling of tentage

CAMP ACCOMMODATION

5.3 Various AAFC units will have a range of different camp accommodation available to them. Contained in this chapter is an over view of the more common types. Those being,

a. Individual Shelter or Hootchie

b. 11x11 Tent

c. Dome Tent

INDIVIDUAL SHELTER

5.4 An individual shelter (Hootchie) is a light weight, easy to assemble shelter for a AAFC member. It is a single, plastic sheet with a disruptive pattern on the surface, and is designed to be connected to another member’s Hootchie if the buddy system is used. Alternatively, it can be sited and constructed as single cover.

5.5 Hootchies can be assembles in a variety of ways depending on the situation. However, the most effective ways are as follows.

5.6 Lean-to. The lean-to, depicted in Figure 5.1, is ideal for hot climates as it provides a greater area for shade and passage for cooling breezes. The problem with this construction is that heavy storms or winds can easily destroy the shelter.

5.7 The Inverted V. The inverted V, depicted in Figure 5.2, is a good overall design. It needs to be erected closer to the ground than the lean-to, to allow the sides to counter the effects of wind and rain, so this does not always allow the maximum cooling effect of any breeze. When erected, it must be tight enough to repel the elements and not allow the pooling of dew or rainwater.

FIELDCRAFT5–21

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5.8 The Double Inverted V. The double inverted V, depicted in Figure 5.3, is used for two or three people. Shelters are joined together using the male and female clips located on the longest edge of the single shelter. The construction is similar to the inverted V making sure that the bottom shelter is tied off through the loop at the apex, to a tree. This prevents gaps occurring between the clips. Keep the sides as straight as possible, which aids water runoff and prevents water pooling. A Member should also be aware that if there is any object touching the underside of the shelter during rain, it causes a leak at that point. Water can be collected during rain by placing a water bottle or cup canteen steel under run-off areas. On no account should this type of shelter be constructed with the loops on the underside.

11X11 TENT

5.9 The 11x11 Tent is a large canvas tent in standard use in the ADF today. As the name suggests, the tent is 11ft wide by 11ft deep. It is modular in design in that individual pieces can be removed or replaced and in turn, numerous 11x11 tents can be set up together to provide a larger shelter.

5.10 Given the size of the tent, team work and a structure work cycle is required. It will take some practice for new members to learn how to construct an 11x11 tent proficiently. Below is the standard practice for assembly

a. Lay out the poles and the connecting knuckles on the ground.


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b. Assemble the poles and knuckles to build the frame. However, leave the legs of one side off as shown in the figure below.

c. Spread the canvas out alongside your assembled frame with the outside face down. Check the canvas for any holes or damage and ensure all the panels are secured.

d. Picking up the outermost edge, walk the canvas back over itself and then over the frame. Doing it in this manner will keep in the inside of your canvas clean.

e. Once the canvas is over the frame, secure the canvas to the roof of the frame as you will be unable to reach it once the tent is fully assembles. This step is very important the tent will be up for a long time or the weather conditions are particularly poor.

f. With the help of others, lift the last side of the frame and insert the remaining poles. Secure the panels to each other by lacing the loops together.

g. Using pegs, secure the guy ropes on the outside of the tent. Again using pegs, secure the individual canvas panels at the bottom using the loop. Ensure the plastic lengths are tucked under and inside the tent.

FIELDCRAFT5–23

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DOME TENT

5.11 The dome tent has become one of the most prevalent designs of the modern tent. They are relevantly cheap, resilient and light weight. Although each design will have variations, the typical design of a dome tent will consist of two flexible poles with attach to the tent either by being tie or clipped on or inserted through a sleeve of the tent. Most tents of this design are free standing with pegs being used to secure the tent to the ground.

5.12 A fly or flysheet is often used to protect the actual tent from water. A flysheet is waterproof on the outside and also provides a surface to collect condensation on the inside, which then runs down to the ground. When a flysheet is used, it is important that there be no contact with the inner tent it is protecting; this keeps the inner dry. Additionally, the fly should be kept taught to prevent pooling on the outside or condensation dripping on the inside. Furthermore, the fly should be positioned equally over all sides of the tent to protect the tent wall.

335sqn recruit training manual - part 4 (fcr)

Documents

field use

field work

clothing field clothing

field activities

field exercises

correct field clothing

webbing equipment

cadet camp