3.0 data transmission and networking media student

8/19/2019 3.0 Data Transmission and Networking Media Student

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CHAPTER 33.0 Data Transmission & Networking


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OUTCOMES

Student will be able to:

1. Expain data transmission !on!epts in!"ding #"$

d"pexing% atten"ation% and noise

. Des!ri'e t(e p()si!a !(ara!teristi!s o# !oaxia!a'e% *TP% +TP% and ,'er$opti! media

3. Expain t(e 'ene,ts and imitations o# di-erent

networking media

. /denti#) t(e 'est pra!ti!es #or !a'ing '"idings and

work areas

. Des!ri'e t(e met(ods o# transmitting data t(ro"g(

t(e atmosp(ere


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3.1 T(e asi!s o# Data Transmission


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BASICS OF TRANSMISSION

Both analog and digital sign are

generated by electrical current, pressure

which is measured in VOLTS.

ANALOG IGITAL

otage 2aries !ontin"o"s)otage t"rns o- and on

repeated)


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Figure 1: Example of an analog signal



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Amplitude

easure of a signal!s strength.

Frequency

"umber of times a signal!s amplitude changes over a

period of time.

#$pressed in hert% &'%(.


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Wavelength

)istances between corresponding points on a wave!s

cycle.

Phase

*efers to progress of a wave over time in relationship to

a fi$ed point.

Figure 2: Phase differences


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ata Modulation: Mod"ation !an 'e de,ned as4

A te!(ni5"e #or #ormatting signas.

T(ere are T!REE"#$ 'asi! t)pes o# mod"ation4

%& Am'litude Modulation

Mod"ation te!(ni5"e in w(i!( ampit"de o#

!arrier signa is modi,ed ') appi!ation o# a

data signa.


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(& Fre)uen*+ Modulation

Fre)uen*+ modulation 6FM7 is t(e

en!oding o# in#ormation in a !arrier wa2e ')

2ar)ing t(e instantaneo"s #re5"en!) o# t(e

wa2e.

A met(od o# impressing a signa on a radio

!arrier wa2e ') 2ar)ing t(e #re5"en!) o# t(e

!arrier wa2e.


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#& ,-ase Modulation

Mod"ation te!(ni5"e in w(i!( t(e p(ase o# t(e

!arrier signa is 2aried a!!ordan!e to t(e ow

#re5"en!) o# t(e message signa.



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Ampit"de mod"ation and 8re5"en!) mod"ation


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Figure 5: A carrier wave modified b fre!uenc modulation

A*/C* 98 TRAN*M/**/9N


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BASICS OF TRANSMISSION .Transmission ire*tion

Sim'le/

*ignas tra2e in on) one dire*tion.

T(ese s)stems are o#ten empo)ed in

'road!ast networks% w(ere t(e re!ei2ers do

not need to send an) data 'a!k to t(e

transmitter:'road!aster.


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BASICS OF TRANSMISSION 0Transmission ire*tion

!al1.du'le/

*ignas ma) tra2e in bot- dire*tions

o2er a medi"m '"t in onl+ one

dire*tion at a time&


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BASICS OF TRANSMISSION .Transmission ire*tion

Full.du'le/

*ignas are #ree to tra2e in bot-

dire*tions o2er a medi"m

simultaneousl+&

Aso re#erred to ;"st as d"pex.


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T!IN2.,AIR.S!ARE

T"rn to )o"r #riend andist exampes o# ea!(

transmission dire!tion

%3


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An match from our

answer based on

these picture"


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A*/C* 98 TRAN*M/**/9N

Multi'le/in4

Aows m"tipe signas to tra2e

sim"taneo"s) o2er one medi"m.

To a!!ommodate m"tipe signas%

singe medi"m is ogi!a) separated

into s"' !(annes.


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A de2i!e t(at

per#orms t(em"tipexing is!aed am"tipexer6M+


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Multi'le/in4

FM "Fre)uen*+ i5ision Multi'le/in4$

+ni5"e #re5"en!) 'and #or ea!( !omm"ni!ations s"' !(anne.

9ne o# 8DM=s most !ommon appi!ations is *able tele5ision.

9n) one !a'e rea!(es a !"stomer=s (ome '"t t(e ser2i!e pro2ider

!an send m"tipe tee2ision !(annes or signas sim"taneo"s) o2er

t(at !a'e to a s"'s!ri'ers wit(o"t inter#eren!e.

Re!ei2ers m"st t"ne to t(e appropriate #re5"en!) 6!(anne7 to

a!!ess t(e desired signa.


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Multi'le/in4Time i5ision Multi'le/in4 "TM$

Di2ides !(anne into m"tipe inter2as o#

time.

Figure #: $ime %ivision &ultiplexing '$%&(


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Multi'le/in46a5elen4t- i5ision Multi'le/in4 "6M$

+sed on) wit( ,'er$opti! !a'e.

Data is transmitted as p"ses o# ig(t.

8i'er$opti! modem 689M7 is a dem"tipexer "sed on

,'er networks t(at empo) >DM.

Figure ): *avelength %ivision &ultiplexing


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Relations-i' BetweenNodes,OINT.,OINT BROACAST 6EBCASTING

Re#ers to a!omm"ni!ations

!onne!tion 'etween nodes:endpoints

Man) nodes !anre!ei2e in#ormationtransmitted ') one

node

Media presentationdistri'"ted o2er t(e

/nternet "singstreaming te!(noog)to distri'"te a singe

!ontent to man)sim"taneo"s

isteners:2iewers

Ex4 Teep(one !aEx4 Tee2ision:Radio

'road!ast

>e'!asting is?'road!asting@ o2er

t(e internet


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Relations-i' BetweenNodes

Figure +: Point to Point vs ,roadcast $ransmission


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A*/C* 98 TRAN*M/**/9N

T-rou4-'ut

Amo"nt o# data t(e medi"m !an transmit

d"ring a gi2en period o# time.

Aso !aed !apa!it).

Bandwidt-

Meas"res di-eren!e 'etween (ig(est and

owest #re5"en!ies a media !an transmit.

Range o# #re5"en!ies is dire!t) reated to


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TRANSMISSION FLA6S

T!REE "#$ Common Transmission 8aws4

1. Noise

. Atten"ation

3. aten!)


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TRANSMISSION FLA6S

Noise

An) "ndesira'e inB"en!e t(at ma) degrade or

distort a signa.

Common so"r!e o# noise is Ele*troma4neti*

Inter1eren*e "EMI$ or wa2es t(at emanate #rom

ee!tri!a de2i!es or !a'es !arr)ing ee!tri!it)

6motor% power ines% tee2ision and in!"ding

se2ere t("nderstorm7.

9ne t)pe o# EM/ is Radio Fre)uen*+

Inter1eren*e "RFI$


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TRANSMISSION FLA6S

NoiseAnot(er #orm o# noise t(at (inders data

transmission is Cross Tal7&

9!!"rs w(en a signa tra2eing on one wire or

!a'e in1rin4ers on t(e signa tra2eing o2er

an ad;a!ent wire or !a'e.

+igure -: ross talk between wires in a cable


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TRANSMISSION FLA6S

Attenuationoss o# signa strengt( as transmission tra2es

awa) #rom so"r!e.

/n order to o2er!ome t(is Baws% T6O "($ di-erent

de2i!es were "sed4

1. Ampi,er an ee!troni! de2i!es t(at in!rease t(e

2otage% or strengt( o# t(e signas.

. Repeater w(en t(e digita signa distorted ')

noise% t(e) are t(en regenerated ') repeater

w(i!( wi a!t"a) retransmitted in t(eir origina

#orm wit(o"t t(e noise a!!"m"ated pre2io"s).


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TRANSMISSION FLA6S

Attenuation

Figure 11: An analog signal distorted b noise. and then amplified

Figure 12: A digital signal distorted b noise. and then repeated


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TRANSMISSION FLA6S

Laten*+

T(e term aten!) re#ers to an) o# se2era kinds

o# dea)s t)pi!a) in!"rred in pro!essing o#

network data.

T(e #art(er awa) #rom ea!( ot(er two network

(osts are t(e more aten!) t(ere wi 'e. /t aso !an 'e !a"sed ') 'ottene!ks and sow

(ardware on a network.


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3. +nderstand t(e Transmission Mediain Networks


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TRANSMISSION MEIA

T(e means t(ro"g( w(i!( data is

trans#ormed #rom one pa!e to

anot(er. T!REE 637 !ommon t)pes o# data transmission4

1. Coaxia Ca'e

. Twisted Pairs Ca'e

3. 8i2er 9pti!s Ca'e


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C!ARACTERISTICS . Coa/ial Cable

Consists o# *entral *o''er !ore s"rro"nded ') an

insulator% braidin4% and o"ter !o2er !aed a

s-eat-89a*7et.

Figure 13: /oaxial cable

arries the

electromagnetic

signal

/ct as shield

against noise 0

ground for signal

1rotect fromphysical damage


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C!ARACTERISTICS . Coa/ial Cable


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C!ARACTERISTICS . Twisted ,airCable

Consists o# !oor$!oded pairs o# ins"ated

!opper wires% ea!( wit( a diameter o# 0.

to 0.mm. E2er) two67 wires are twisted aro"nd

ea!( ot(er to #orm pairs.

T(e n"m'er o# pairs in a !a'e 2aries%

depending on t(e !a'e t)pe.


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C!ARACTERISTICS . Twisted ,airCable


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C!ARACTERISTICS 0 S-ielded Twisted,air Cable

*TP !a'e !onsists o# twisted wire pairs t(at are

indi2id"a) ins"ated and s"rro"nded ')

s(ieding made o# metai! s"'stan!e.

Figure 15: $P cable


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C!ARACTERISTICS 0 Uns-ieldedTwisted ,air Cable

Consists o# one or more ins"ated wire pairs en!ased

in a pasti! s(eat(

Does not !ontain additiona s(ieding

T(ere are ,2e e2es o# data !a'ing 6Categor) 1$74

Categor) 3 *"pports "p to 1mps and are most)

"sed in 10mps

Categor) t(e (ig(est rating #or +TP and !an

s"pport "p to 100mps. Ca'e wit( pair "se RF$11

!onne!tor and pair "se RF$ !onne!tor


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C!ARACTERISTICS 0 Uns-ieldedTwisted ,air Cable

Figure 1#: $P cable

C!ARACTERISTICS Fib O i


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C!ARACTERISTICS . Fiber O'ti*Cable

Contains one or se2era gass ,'ers at its !ore.

*"rro"nding t(e ,'ers is a a)er o# gass !aed

!adding.

/t does not "ses ee!tri!a signas to transmit

data. /t "ses ig(t.

Figure 1): A fiberoptic cable


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Fiber O'ti* Cable . C!ARACTERISTICS

%& Sin4le.mode ber

Carries ig(t p"ses aong singe pat(.

(& Multimode ber

Man) p"ses o# ig(t generated ') EDtra2e at di-erent anges.


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Figure 1+: inglemode and multimode fiber

optic cables

Fiber O'ti* Cable . C!ARACTERISTICS


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COM,ARE8LIMITATION8BENE

FITS

C-ara*teristi*s

Ad5anta4esisad5anta4

e

ow !ost /nexpensi2e

*inge !a'e #ai"re!an take down an

entire network

Eas) to insta Eas) to wire

+p to 10M'ps!apa!it)

Eas) to expand

Medi"m imm"nit)#rom EM/

Moderate e2e o#imm"nit)

Medi"m o#atten"ation

ST, 5s UT,


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ST, 5s UT,COM,ARISONS

C-ara*teristi*s

ST, UT,

T(ro"g(p"tot( transmit data at 10M'ps% 100M'ps%

1G'ps and 10G'ps depending on t(e !a'egrade an transmission met(od in "se

Cost

More expensi2e !ontains more

materias% ow indemands

Conne!tor ot( "se RF$ and RF$11

Noise /mm"nit) More noise resistant

*ie and *!aa'iit) T(e maxim"m engt( #or 'ot( is 100m


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6IRELESS TRANSMISSION

Networks t(at transmit signas t(ro"g(

t(e atmosp(ere 2ia in#rared or R8 wa2es

are known as wireess networks or

wireess ANs 6>ANs7.



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6IRELESS TRANSMISSION6ireless S'e*trum


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C-ara*teristi*s o1 wirelesstransmission based on:

1. *igna Propagation.

. *igna Degradation.

3. Narrow'and% 'road'and and spread spe!tr"m

signas.

. 8ixed and mo'ie wireess !omm"ni!ation.


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%& Si4nal ,ro'a4ation

Propagation is de,ne ') m"tipi!ation or

in!rease as ') nat"ra reprod"!tion. ) "sing Antennas% radiation pattern

des!ri'es reati2e strengt( o2er t(ree$

dimensiona area o# a ee!tromagneti!

energ) t(e antenna sends or re!ei2es.


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Figure 1-: &ultipath signal propagation


Signal Propagation


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(& Si4nal e4radation

Fadin4:

!(ange in signa strengt( res"ting #rom ee!tromagneti! energ)

'eing s!attered% reBe!ted% or di-ra!ted a#ter 'eing iss"ed ')

transmitter.

>ireess signas experien!e atten"ation.

Ma) 'e ampi,ed and repeated.

/nter#eren!e is signi,!ant pro'em #or wireess

!omm"ni!ations.

Atmosp(ere sat"rated wit( ee!tromagneti! wa2es.


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#& Narrowband; Broadband; S'read S'e*trum

%& Narrowband: transmitter !on!entrates signa energ)

at singe #re5"en!) or in 2er) sma range o#

#re5"en!ies.

(& Broadband: "ses reati2e) wide 'and o# wireess

spe!tr"m.

9-ers (ig(er t(ro"g(p"ts

#& S'read s'e*trum: "se o# m"tipe #re5"en!ies to

transmit a si na.


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>ireess AN 6>AN7 Ar!(ite!t"re

Figure 24: An adhoc *A6


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>ireess AN Ar!(ite!t"re 6!ontin"ed7

Figure 21: An infrastructure *A6


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>ireess AN Ar!(ite!t"re 6!ontin"ed7

Figure 22: *ireless A6 interconnection


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373 nderstand 6etwor8 /ablingPreparation


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STRAIG!T T!ROUG! CABLE


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CROSSO=ER CABLE

EIA8TIA 3>?A @ 3>?B


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EIA8TIA 3>?A @ 3>?BStandard

T(e !a'e !oo"r !ode is t(e standard

on ea!( end o# a straig(t$t(ro"g(

10:100aseT !a'e.

/# a !rosso2er !a'e is needed% "se t(e

A standard on one end and on

t(e ot(er end.


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EIA/TIA 568A & 568BStandard

3 t i ht th bl


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2 3se a straight thru cable

assembly,4567 on both ends

when connecting 'ub to 8cvr

or "9 ard.

2 hen connecting hub to hub,

8cvr to 8cvr, or "9 to "9,

the wires must crossover at

the opposite end of the cable

assembly, use the 4567 on

one end, 456/ on the other

end.


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Demonstrate straight-through UTPcable

Straight-through cables get their name from how they

are made.

Out of the 8 pins that exist on both ends of an thernet

cable! each pin connects to the same pin on the opposite

side.

Re2iew t(e diagram 'eow #or a 2is"a


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Re2iew t(e diagram 'eow #or a 2is"aexampe4

Noti!e (ow ea!( wire !orresponds to t(e same pin.

T(is kind o# wiring diagram is part o# t(e Astandard.

T(e standard a!(ie2es t(e same t(ing% '"tt(ro"g( di-erent wiring.

/t is genera) a!!epted to "se t(e A standardas pi!t"red% sin!e it aows !ompati'iit) wit(!ertain teep(one (ardware$ w(ie doesnJt.

568A wiring standard


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568A wiring standard

*traig(t t(ro"g( !a'es


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*traig(t$t(ro"g( !a'es

Note t(at some de2i!es s"!( as ro"ters wi

(a2e ad2an!ed !ir!"itr)% w(i!( ena'es t(em to

"se 'ot( !rosso2er and straig(t$t(ro"g( !a'es.

/n genera% (owe2er% straig(t$t(ro"g( !a'es

wi not !onne!t a !omp"ter and ro"ter 'e!a"set(e) are not ?"nike de2i!es.@



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*traig(t$t(ro"g( !a'es are primari) "sed #or

!onne!ting "nike de2i!es.

A straig(t$t(ro"g( !a'e is t)pi!a) "sed in t(e

#oowing sit"ations4

1. Conne!ting a ro"ter to a ("'

. Conne!ting a !omp"ter to a swit!(

3. Conne!ting a AN port to a swit!(% ("'% or !omp"ter



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Crosso2er !a'es are 2er) simiar to straig(t$t(ro"g(

!a'es% ex!ept t(at t(e) (a2e pairs o# wires t(at

!riss!ross.

T(is aows #or two de2i!es to !omm"ni!ate at t(e same

time.

+nike straig(t$t(ro"g( !a'es% we "se !rosso2er !a'es to

!onne!t ike de2i!es.


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Use a crossover cable when:

". #onnecting a computer to a router

$. #onnecting a computer to a computer

%. #onnecting a router to a router

&. #onnecting a switch to a switch

'. #onnecting a hub to a hub


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( )isual example can be seen below*

2 +otice how all we did was

switch the orange-white andgreen-white wires! and thenthe orange and green wires.

2 This will enable li,e de)icesto communicate.


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R


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R


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Notes:

T(e mae !onne!tor is more norma) !aed a 9a*7 and t(e #emae !onne!tor a re*e'ta*le.

>(ie most !ommon) re#erred as an RF% it is a

mod"ar !onne!tor wit( t(e !at!() name o# PC.

T(e re!epta!e n"m'ering is s(own "sing a 8R9NT2iew 6e#t to rig(t% pin 1 $ 7.

eware (owe2er% re!epta!es are wired #rom t(e REARand (en!e t(e n"m'ering wi 'e in2erted. iewed #romt(e REAR t(e n"m'ering wi 'e e#t to rig(t% pin $ 1.


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Summary

/n#ormation !an 'e transmitted 2ia two met(ods4

anaog or digita.

/n m"tipexing% t(e singe medi"m is ogi!a)separated into m"tipe !(annes% or s"' !(annes.

T(ro"g(p"t is t(e amo"nt o# data t(at t(emedi"m !an transmit d"ring a gi2en period o#time.

ase'and is a #orm o# transmission in w(i!(digita signas are sent t(ro"g( dire!t !"rrentp"ses appied to t(e wire.

Noise is inter#eren!e t(at distorts an anaog or


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Summary (continued) Anaog and digita signas ma) s"-er atten"ation.

Ca'e engt( !ontri'"tes to aten!)% as does t(epresen!e o# an) inter2ening !onne!ti2it) de2i!e.

Coaxia !a'e !onsists o# a !entra !opper !ores"rro"nded ') a pasti! ins"ator% a 'raided metas(ieding% and an o"ter pasti! !o2er 6s(eat(7.

Twisted$pair !a'e !onsists o# !oor$!oded pairs o#ins"ated !opper wires.

T(ere are two t)pes o# twisted$pair !a'es4 *TP and

+TP.


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Summary (continued)

T(ere are a n"m'er o# P()si!a a)er

spe!i,!ations #or Et(ernet networks.

8i'er$opti! !a'e pro2ides t(e 'ene,ts o# 2er)(ig( t(ro"g(p"t% 2er) (ig( resistan!e to noise%

and ex!eent se!"rit).

8i'er !a'e 2ariations #a into two !ategories4singe$mode and m"timode.

*tr"!t"red !a'ing is 'ased on a (ierar!(i!adesign t(at di2ides !a'ing into six s"'s)stems.

( d)


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Summary (continued)

T(e 'est pra!ti!e #or instaing !a'e is to

#oow t(e T/A:E/A spe!i,!ations and t(eman"#a!t"rerJs re!ommendations.

>ireess transmission re5"ires an antenna!onne!ted to a trans!ei2er.

/n#rared transmission !an 'e "sed #or s(ort$

distan!e transmissions.


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3.0

DATA TRANSMISSION

&NETWORKING MEDIA

# Understand Networ7 Cablin4

,re aration

WiringtheUTPcables!


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Wiring the UTP cables !

>e are now going to ook at (ow +TP !a'esare wired.

T(ere are pop"ar wiring s!(emes t(at mostpeope "se toda)4 t(e T$A and T$%t(at di-er on) in w(i!( !oor !oded pairs are!onne!ted $ pair and 3 are re2ersed.

ot( work e5"a) we% as ong as )o" don=tmix t(emL /# )o" awa)s "se on) one 2ersion%)o"=re 9K% '"t i# )o" mix A and in a !a'e

r"n% )o" wi get !rossed pairsL6;

WiringtheUTPcables!


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Wiring the UTP cables !

+TP !a'es are terminated wit( standard!onne!tors% ;a!ks and p"n!( downs.

T(e ;a!k:p"g is o#ten re#erred to as an RF$% '"t t(at is rea) a Te!o designation #ort(e mod"ar pin !onne!tor terminatedwit( a +*9C pin o"t "sed #or teep(ones.

T(e mae !onne!tor on t(e end o# a pat!(!ord is !aed a p"g and t(e re!epta!e ont(e wa o"tet is a ;a!k.

;-

Crosso5er Cable


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Crosso5er Cable

;

*ometimes )o" wi "se !rosso2er !a'e% it=s

"s"a) "sed to !onne!t same t)pe o# de2i!es. A !rosso2er !a'e !an 'e "sed to4

1. Conne!t !omp"ters dire!t).

. Conne!t a ro"ter=s AN port to a swit!(:("'=s norma

port. 6norma) "sed #or expanding network73. Conne!t swit!(es:("'s ') "sing norma port in

'ot( swit!(es:("'s.

/n )o" need to !(e!k (ow !rosso2er !a'e ooksike% bot- side "side A and side B$ o1 *able-a5e wire arran4ement wit- 1ollowin4dierent *olor .

Crosso2er Ca'e "se


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Crosso2er Ca'e "se

;<

Strai4-t Cable


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Strai4-t Cable

o" "s"a) "se straig(t !a'e to !onne!t di-erent t)pe o#de2i!es. T(is t)pe o# !a'e wi 'e "sed most o# t(e time and!an 'e "sed to4

1. Conne!t a !omp"ter to a swit!(:("'=s norma port.

. Conne!t a !omp"ter to a !a'e:D* modem=s AN port.

3. Conne!t a ro"ter=s >AN port to a !a'e:D* modem=sAN port.

. Conne!t a ro"ter=s AN port to a swit!(:("'=s "pink port.6norma) "sed #or expanding network7

. Conne!t swit!(es:("'s wit( one o# t(e swit!(:("'

"sing an "pink port and t(e ot(er one "sing norma port.

/# )o" need to !(e!k (ow straig(t !a'e ooks ike% it=s eas).Bot- side "side A and side B$ o1 *able -a5e wirearran4ement wit- same *olor.

;=

*traig(t$t(ro"g( Ca'e "se


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*traig(t$t(ro"g( Ca'e "se

;>


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Two wire !oor$!ode standards app)4 E/A:T/A A and E/A:T/A. T(e !odes are !ommon) depi!ted wit( RF$ ;a!ks as


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. T(e !odes are !ommon) depi!ted wit( RF ;a!ks as#oows 6t(e 2iew is #rom t(e #ront o# t(e ;a!ks74

;5

/# we app) t(e A !oor !ode and s(ow i ( i i k ik (i


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a eig(t wires% o"r pin$o"t ooks ike t(is4

;?

Coor Codes #or TA


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Coor Codes #or TA

Pin !oor $ pair name1. w(ite:green 6pair 37 ..Re!2Data

. green 6pair 37 ..........Re!2Data$

3. w(ite:orange 6pair 7 TxData . '"e 6pair 17

. w(ite:'"e 6pair 17

. orange 6pair 7 .........TxData Q. w(ite:'rown 6pair 7

. 'rown 6pair 7

;6

Coor Codes #or T


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Coor Codes #or T

Pin !oor $ pair name1. w(ite:orange 6pair 7 TxData

. orange 6pair 7 ........ TxData

3. w(ite:green 6pair 37 ..Re!2Data. '"e 6pair 17

. w(ite:'"e 6pair 17

. green 6pair 37 ...........Re!2Data$Q. w(ite:'rown 6pair 7

. 'rown 6pair 7

;;

,at*- ,anel


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,at*- ,anel A 'at*- 'anel or 'at*- ba+ is a pane% t)pi!a)

ra!k mo"nted% t(at (o"ses !a'e !onne!tions.

9ne t)pi!a) s(orter pat!( !a'e wi p"g into t(e#ront side% w(ereas t(e 'a!k (ods t(e !onne!tion

o# a m"!( onger and more permanent !a'e.

T(e assem') o# (ardware is arranged so t(at an"m'er o# !ir!"its% "s"a) o# t(e same or simiar

t)pe% appear on ;a!ks #or monitoring%inter!onne!ting% and testing !ir!"its in a!on2enient% Bexi'e manner.

--


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Network Ca'e Tester


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Network Ca'e Tester >(en !onne!ted to an Et(ernet !a'e% a

network !a'e tester tes i# t(e !a'e is!apa'e o# !arr)ing an Et(ernet signa.

/# t(e !a'e !arries t(e signa% t(is indi!atest(at a t(e !ir!"its are !osed% meaning t(atee!tri! !"rrent !an mo2e "nimpeded t(ro"g(t(e wires% and t(at t(ere are no s(ort !ir!"its%or "nwanted !onne!tions% in t(e wire.

-<

Network Ca'e Tester

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-ethernet.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-ethernet.htm


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Network Ca'e Tester2

A network !a'e tester !an identi#) i# t(e wires are paired!orre!t).

2 /t !an aso s(ow i# t(ere is a 'reak in t(e ins"ation% asit"ation w(i!( aows !rosstak 'etween two wires t(at

s(o"d not 'e !onne!ted.

2 T(e tester !an aso te w(et(er t(e !a'e (as t(e propere2e o# resistan!e.

2 Network !a'e testers 2ar) in !ompexit) and pri!e% '"t a'asi! tester !onsists o# a so"r!e o# ee!tri!a !"rrent% ameas"ring de2i!e t(at s(ows i# t(e !a'e is good% and a!onne!tion 'etween t(e two% "s"a) t(e !a'e itse#.

-=

Network Ca'e Tester


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Network Ca'e Tester

3.0 data transmission and networking media student

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