3 rd nine weeks review. chapter 8 1. write the equation for photosynthesis. circle the reactants....
TRANSCRIPT
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3rd Nine Weeks Review
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Chapter 8
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1. Write the equation for photosynthesis. Circle the
reactants. Put a square around the products.
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2. Define an autotroph.
• An organism that produces its own food.
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3. Define a heterotroph.
• An organism that needs other organisms for food
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4. What type of reaction is photosynthesis?
• endergonic
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5. Why are leaves flat?
• So sunlight can penetrate the photosynthetic material
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Chapter 9
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6. Describe glycolysis.
• The first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid
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7. What is the relationship of glucose in photosynthesis and
cellular respiration?
• Photosynthesis makes glucose and cellular respiration uses it for energy
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8. _______________ is the final electron acceptor in the electron
transport chain.
Oxygen
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9. Which requires energy, active transport, osmosis, glycolysis,
or phagocytosis?
• All except osmosis
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Chapter 19
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10. Define prokaryote.
• A cell without a nucleus
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11. Draw and label a T4 bacteriophage.
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Describe the lytic and lysogenic cycle.
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13. AIDS is a retrovirus. What is a retrovirus?
• A virus that has RNA as its genetic information
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14. How do you prevent spread of viruses?
• Prevention– Using vaccines
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15. What instrument would you use to see a virus?
• Because they are so small, an electron microscope is needed
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16. Evaluate the medical and economic importance of viruses. Be sure to list some diseases caused
by viruses.
• Possibly used for gene therapy
• Diseases– Chicken pox– polio
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17. List the two bacteria kingdoms. Describe the characteristics of
each kingdom • Archaebacteria
– Do not contain peptidoglycan– Like harsh environments
• Eubacteria– Cell wall made of peptidoglycan– larger
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18. Label the bacteria.
DNA
Pili
Cell wall
peptidoglycanCell membrane
ribosomes
flagellum
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19. List and describe the shapes of bacteria.
• Bacilli-rod shaped
• Cocci-sphere or round shaped
• Spirilla-spiral shaped
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20. State the four parts of the Germ Theory. What is the relationship to our current
knowledge?• 1. The microorganism can be found in the diseased
animal.
2. The microorganism can be isolated from the diseased animal and grown in the lab.
3. The cultured microorganism will cause the disease when put in a healthy susceptible animal.
4. The same microorganism can be isolated from the newly infected animal.
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21. What are vaccines? How do they work?
• A preparation of weakened or killed pathogen
• Prompts the body to produce immunity to the pathagen
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22. Which bacteria works symbiotically to us in our
intestines? What is meant by symbiosis?
• E coli
• Relationship in which two organisms live closely together
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23. What is a parasite?
• Where one organism lives in or on another
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24. How do bacteria make yogurt and cheese?
• By going through a fermentation process
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25. How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
• Because they use conjugation as a means of reproduction, they can take on the characteristics of other bacteria that are resistant
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26. How are bacteria economically important to us?
• Foods- yogurts, cheeses
• Medicine-vaccines,
• Agriculture- nitrogen fixation, decompose dead matter
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Chapter 20
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27. What is a fungi? How do they function in their environment?
• Eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls
• As decomposers, as parasites,
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29. How are fungi different from plants?
• They don’t make their own food
• Cell wall of chitin
• Not photosynthetic
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30. Describe how yeast reproduces.
• By budding– Which is an outgrowth of the organism
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Chapter 21Protists
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31. Draw and label an Amoeba, Euglena, and a Paramecium
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32. What does a contractile vacuole do?
• Regulates the flow of water in an out of the organism
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33. Which protist is animal like, and why are they classified as such?
• Ameoba
• Paramecium
• Plasmodium– They are heterotrophs and move about
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34. Which protists are plantlike?
• Euglena
• Diatoms
• Dinoflagellates
• Algae
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35. Which protist is fungus like?
• Water mold
• Slime mold
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36. Which protist causes red tide?
• Dinoflagellates
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37. List four diseases caused by protist. How are they passed to
humans?• Malaria-by the Plasmodium carried by the
mosquito• African Sleeping Sickness- by the Trypanasoma
carried by the tse tse fly• Amebic dysentary- carried by the Giarda that is in
water• Toxoplasmosis (toxo) is an infection caused by a
single-celled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii.
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38. Explain alternation of generation.
• Where an organisms switches from haploid to diploid in its life process
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39. An Euglena can function as a ______________ in the absence
of sunlight Heterotroph
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Chapter 26-28
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40. Define the three types of symmetry.
• Asymmetrical-not identical on both sides of a central line (Dictionary)
• Bilateral-single imaginary line divides it in half
• Radial- have body parts that repeat around the center
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41. Name the 8 phyla of invertebrates and give an example
of each.• Porifera-sponges• Cnidaria-jellyfish• Platyhelminthes(flatworm)-planaria• Nematoda-hookworm• Annelida-earthworm• Mollusks-clam• Arthropod-insects• Echinoderms-starfish
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42. What is meant by sessile?
• Attached or fixed; not moving
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43. What is meant by motile?
• Moving or having the power to move
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44. Define exoskeleton.
• Tough external covering that protects and supports the body of many invertebrates
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45. Define hermaphrodite.
• Individual that has both male and female parts
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46. Describe how mollusks and crustaceans carry out gas
exchange. • Gills are used to exchange gases. This is
done by a diffusion type process
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47. List two common structures for respiration in invertebrates.
• Gills
• Skin
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48. What are the characteristics of mammals?
• Hair
• Mammary glands
• Breathe air
• 4 chambered heart
• endotherms
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49. Describe a closed circulatory system.
• In a closed circulatory system, blood is contained within a network of blood vessels.
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50. Define endothermic.
• Animal that generates its own body heat
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51. Define ectothermic.
• Animals that rely on their environment to help control body heat
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52. Why do amphibians need water?
• To carry out reproduction
• To aid in respiration
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53. Define monotremes, marsupials, and placental animals.
• Monotremes-egg laying mammals• Marsupials-animals that bear live young
that usually complete their development in a pouch
• Placental animals-nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ands wastes are exchanged between the embryo and the mother through a placenta
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54. What is a cloaca and what is its relationship to some animals?
• The opening to the outside of some animals.
• Used to eliminate waste and to carry out reproduction
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Review from 1st Semester
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55. List and describe the process of scientific method.
• Ask a question
• Make a hypothesis
• Conduct an experiment
• Collect data
• Analyze information
• Report results
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56. What are lipids?
• Compounds made from carbon and hydrogen, include fats, oils, waxes.
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57. What are proteins?
Macromoles that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Made up of amino acids.
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58. What is binomial nomenclature?
• A two part naming system, includes the Genus and species
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59. List the hierarchy of classification?
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
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60. Define artificial selection.
• Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms
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61. Define and discuss radioactive dating.
Technique in which scientists calculate the age of a sample based on the remaining radioactive isotopes it contains
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62. Define extinction.
• Disappearance of a species from all parts of a geographical range
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63. Describe Lamarck’s theory.
• That if an organism used a part more or developed a part of their body, it would be passed down to their offspring
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64. What methods do we use to process foods?
• Canning
• Salting
• Drying
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65. Practice reading graphs and charts.