photosynthesis chloroplast structure & reactants products
TRANSCRIPT
Photosynthesis
Chloroplast Structure&
Reactants Products
Carbon dioxide
C6H12O6
Photosynthesis
H2OCO2 O2
Water
+ 66
Lightenergy
Oxygen gasGlucose
+ 6
Plant Cells Contain Chloroplast – the organelles that carry on photosynthesis converting light
energy into sugar!
Raw Materials
Simple Sugar
Gas Used Gas Released
Photosynthesis• Chloroplasts are
concentrated in mesophyll, the green tissue in the interior of a leaf
• Membranes in the chloroplast form the framework where many of the reactions of photosynthesis occur
Fig. 7-2a
CO2 O2Stoma
Mesophyll Cell
Vein
Chloroplast
Mesophyll
Leaf Cross Section
Leaf
The Chloroplast• A chloroplast contains two membranes (as do
mitochondria)• A thick fluid called the stroma fills the inner
compartment of the chloroplast• Suspended in the stroma are the thylakoids, a
system of interconnected individual membranous sacs, which enclose another compartment known as the thylakoid space
• The thylakoids are arranged in stacks called grana
Chloroplast
Outer and innermembranes
IntermembranespaceGranumStroma Thylakoid
space
Thylakoid
The Chloroplast
• Built into the thylakoid membranes are the chlorophyll molecules that capture light energy
• Photosynthesis occurs throughout a plant (all the green parts), but is concentrated in the leaves
• A plant will invest much of its energy into the production of its leaves in order to capture as much light energy as possible
Make like a tree and…
• Leaves are designed to capture light and increase the absorption of carbon dioxide
• Carbon dioxide enters the leaf (and oxygen exits the leaf) via the stomata, tiny pores protected by guard cells
• Water is supplied to the tree via its roots, but may exit the leaves when the stomata are open (a catch 22!); why stomata open at night in many plants
Pigments
• Pigments are light-absorbing molecules built into the thylakoid membranes
• Pigments absorb some wavelengths of light, but reflect others
• We do not see the absorbed wavelengths (because their energy has been absorbed by the pigment molecules); we see the wavelengths that the pigment reflects!
Pigments
• A leaf is green because chlorophyll absorbs colors other than green; absorbs light most strongly in the blue and red, but poorly in the green
• Different pigments absorb different wavelengths
• Chloroplasts contain different types of pigments
Pigments• Chlorophyll A (a
type of chlorophyll pigment) absorbs light mainly in the blue-violet (high energy) and Chlorophyll B red (low energy) wavelengths
Light
Chloroplast
Thylakoid
Absorbedlight
Transmittedlight
Reflectedlight
Pigments
Light
Chloroplast Absorbedlight
Transmittedlight
Reflectedlight
•In addition to chlorophyll, other pigments, known as accessory pigments are present in plants; these include carotene, and cyanins, colors like orange & brown.
Autumn color change
• Autumn leaf color is a phenomenon that affects the normally green leaves of deciduous trees and shrubs, changing to reds and yellows (and various shades in between)
• In late summer, the veins that carry fluids into and out of the leaf are gradually closed off, and chlorophyll decreases
Autumn color change
• When chlorophyll concentrations decrease at the end of summer, some of these other pigments – which are usually masked by chlorophyll – reveal their colors
• Carotene, for example, is especially long-lasting variations of orange color
http://ohad.me/?showimage=53
The Chloroplast Structure Cont.
Fig. 7-2b
Chloroplast
Outer and innermembranes
IntermembranespaceGranumStroma Thylakoid
space
Thylakoid
Fig. 7-2a
CO2 O2Stoma
Mesophyll Cell
Vein
Chloroplast
Mesophyll
Leaf Cross Section
Leaf
Fig. 7-6b
Light
Chloroplast
Thylakoid
Absorbedlight
Transmittedlight
Reflectedlight
Fig. 7-0c
Carbon dioxide
C6H12O6
Photosynthesis
H2OCO2 O2
Water
+ 66
Lightenergy
Oxygen gasGlucose
+ 6