3 kinds of elements build a brick

Brick becomes building block for a layer of bricks

Layer of bricks becomes building block for wall of bricks

The power of

building blocks

Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons are the building blocks for elements

Hydrogen Nitrogen-7

Carbon-6

Oxygen-8

Organic Building Blocks

H NC O S

Hydrocarbons/plastic

Carbohydrates & Lipids/plastics

Amino acids & proteinsMore amino acids & proteins

P

Nucleic acids, RNA, & DNA

Iron, copper, magnesium

Proteins

Hair (keratin)

Fingernails (keratin)

Skin (collagen)

Collagen is made from 3 amino acids that form a helix. These sections spontaneously self-assemble.

Si OO

Si OO

Si OO

Si OO

Si OO

Si OO

Si OO

Si OO

Si OO

Si OO

The other common elements in order of abundance are the metals aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, and potassium.

NYLON

Nylon was discovered in 1935. The name nylon is Nylon was discovered in 1935. The name nylon is derived from two cities where it was discovered namely derived from two cities where it was discovered namely New York (NY) and London (LON). New York (NY) and London (LON).

Many + Parts

CC

O

OCC CC

How will you reinforce your knowledge of chemistry

building blocks?

Drill and…

Practice

HH

O

CC

O HH

HH

HH

N

4 Known Forces

1) Electromagnetic Forcea) Electrostatic

b) Magnetic

c) Light

2) Strong Nuclear Force

3) Weak Nuclear Force

4) Gravity

Electrons “dislike” other electrons

Electrons “love” protons• Electrons are strongly attracted to protons.

The more protons present the stronger the attraction.

+

Opposites AttractLikes Repel

++

Radio, TV, Microwaves UV, X-rays, Gamma Rays

POTENTIAL ENERGY

Energy = Force x Distance

ENERGY

Dividing by 10,000,000

made a distance that was called a

meter.

CubitsYardsMilesNautical MilesFeetHandsInchesLeaguesChainsFurlongs

sq. milessq. yardssq. ft.sq. in.acres

BarrelCubic inchesCubic feetCubic yardsMinimsDrops

Gallons, imperial gallons, quarts, pints, fluid ounces, pecks, bushels

Liter from Litron:

Measure of capacity

One liter of water has a mass of one kilogram

Since we have 10 fingers, a number system based on 10 was developed.

Sources of confusion

• Plus sign (+) • Addition sign (+)• What’s the

difference?• Addition sign

indicates action of combining.

• Plus sign means something completely different.

• Negative sign (-) • Subtraction sign (-)• What’s the

difference?• Subtraction sign

indicates action of taking away.

• Negative sign means something completely different.

3 14C+1

6 2

Sources of confusion

Symbols vs. the Real ThingAnswer true or false:

H2O is water___

Formula for water is H2O___

H is hydrogen__

H is symbol for hydrogen___

½ is a fraction___

¼ is fractional numeral___

The number five has 4 letters ___

0.07 nm

Chemical Equations are simple.

2H2 + O2 2H2O

If water molecules were grains of sand, a liter of water would cover the entire Earth 30 miles deep with sand.

The numbers under the element names are the relative weights. However, if you consider one mole of the element (6 x 1023 atoms) then these numbers are read as grams.

Bridge between mass and number

How will you learn all the math you need?

How many of you have CD-ROMs?

Of

Feel theFeel the

POWERPOINTPOWERPOINT

No one likes tests, even teachers. In the old days, when people learned by apprenticeship, there wasn’t a need for tests because the master knew how the apprentice was doing by watching them and regularly asking them questions. However, in a classroom of 65 students, the instructor may have no idea how much a student has learned, so a test is one way of finding out.

One philosophy of teaching is that instructors are only sure that they have taught the subject if they find out that students have learned the subject. In other words, I must ask you a lot of questions to see if both you and I are doing a good job.

My expectation is that everyone understands everything on the test and gets it 100% right.

Everyone may not get it 100% the first time, but they should get it correct on the 2nd, or 3rd time.

It makes no sense to go on when there is something critical missing. Much of chemistry builds off the previous material.

Of course, a person who takes three tries to get a question right doesn’t deserve the same amount of credit of the person who got it right the first time.

But getting it right the third time still deserves credit.

On problems you missed, you have the opportunity to be retested with a similar problem.

You can get 85% of the score you would have gotten if you got it right the first time. Each time you have to redo it will cost another 15%.

For example, if you miss a 20 point question but get a similar one correct on the retest, you make 17 points, which is much better than losing all 20 points.

You just have to make an extra effort to do it again.

In short, I’m more interested in you learning the material than giving you low grades.

I’m not eager to do extra grading, but I’m willing to do that if you are willing to put in the time to restudy and retest on what you missed.

Final grades are not based on a curve, so students who ace a test the first time shouldn’t worry about the students who retake the test to improve their scores.

I really hate to talk about points for two reasons

First it takes your attention away from the subject.

Second, it implies that grading is accurate down to the last little point. It would be hard to prove that a person with 524 points knows more than someone with 523 points. Mathematically it seems accurate, but in actuality grading is not that accurate. It is accurate to the level of recognizing failing performance, unsatisfactory work, fair work, good work, and outstanding work. In other words, the grades of F, D, C, B, & A can be determined, it’s just the points are only accurate to the nearest grade.

With this said, we can use points because it is easy to work with.

NOTE: People who focus only on learning the subject do better than those who worry about grades. That’s because when you worry about points and grades, you are not thinking about the subject. Listen and learn in class and grades will take care of themselves.

In case you are still interested, here is the breakdown of points that will serve as a guide to your grade

Attendance & quizzes: 175 points

4 tests: 100 points each totaling 400 points

Final test: 200 points

Poster project: 100 points

Miscellaneous homework assignments: 175 points

Total Points: 1000

If you have any special learning needs, let me know.

For me to try to accommodate your special learning needs, you need to first visit our Disabilities Resources Office for assessment and for making arrangements for assistance.

Textbook

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Any Questions?

…you wake up in your bed and believe whatever you want to believe…”