3 intro to chemistry & biomolecules.ppt - general biology …€¦ · ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Chemistry
1. Does irradiating food add radiation to food? Explain
your answer.
2. Describe the “octet rule.”
3. What are three types of bonds? Which one involves
sharing of electrons?
4. List at least 3 important properties of water.
Chemistry1. Draw a representation of a carbon atom illustrating the
location of the protons, neutrons, and electrons in the nucleus
and/or various orbitals.
2. How many more electrons does carbon require to complete
its outer orbital?
3. Carbon completes its outer orbital by sharing electrons with
other atoms – What is the name for this kind of bond?
(a) ionic bond
(b) covalent bond
(c) hydrogen bond
4. How many bonds does carbon form to other atoms?
5. What are the four types of biological molecules?
You are what you eat!the four classes of biomolecules
Nucleic acid (DNA, RNA)
Protein (amino acid)
Lipids (fat)
Carbohydrates (sugars)
Biomolecules - Carbohydrates
1. What are the structural differences between various types of carbohydrates?
2. What are the functional differences between the various types of carbohydrates?
Function is related to structure
Biomolecules - Carbohydrates
1. Describe the difference between a monomer and a polymer; give a few examples of carbohydrate monomers and a few examples of carbohydrate polymers.
2. Which polysaccharide (s) use(s) glucose as their building block?
a. Cellulose
b. Glycogen
c. Starch
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
3. Why are human enzymes that digest starch unable to digest cellulose?
Carbohydrate
subunit
+
O O
H O H O
dehydration synthesis reaction
monomer monomermonomer
polymer
OH OH
2H2O
Biomolecules - Carbohydrates
1. Describe the difference between a monomer and a polymer; give a few examples of carbohydrate monomers and a few examples of carbohydrate polymers.
2. Which polysaccharide (s) use(s) glucose as their building block?
a. Cellulose
b. Glycogen
c. Starch
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
3. Why are human enzymes that digest starch unable to digest cellulose?
Biomolecules - Carbohydrates
Function:
Short-term energy
Long-term energy storage in plants
Long-term energy storage in animals
Structural support
Structure:
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
4. Match each of the following terms with its correct structure and function:
Glycogen
Glucose
Starch
Cellulose
Chitin
Lactose
Why are mushrooms squooshy but cockroaches crunchy?
Chitin is a modified polysaccharide that contains nitrogen.
Chitin may be described as cellulose with one hydroxyl group on each monomer
replaced with an acetyl amine group. This allows for increased hydrogen bonding
between adjacent polymers, giving the chitin-polymer matrix increased strength.
In its unmodified form, chitin is translucent, pliable, resilient, and quite tough. In
arthropods, however, it is often modified, becoming embedded in sclerotin, a
tanned proteinaceous matrix, which forms much of the exoskeleton. In its pure
form, chitin is leathery, but in most invertebrates it occurs largely as a component of
composite materials.
Combined with calcium carbonate, as in the shells of Crustacea and molluscs, chitin
produces a much stronger composite. On the one hand the composite is harder and
stiffer than pure chitin, while on the other hand it is tougher and less brittle than
the mineral substance alone.