biomolecules discussion
DESCRIPTION
Biomolecules discussion. What is a Biomolecule?. Organic molecule made by living organisms Consist mostly of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). But wait…What is an Organic Molecule?. Organic Molecules: Contain carbon Considered the “chemicals of life” Inorganic Molecules: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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BIOMOLECULES DISCUSSION
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What is a Biomolecule?
Organic molecule made by living organisms
Consist mostly of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O)
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But wait…What is an Organic Molecule?
Organic Molecules:
Contain carbonConsidered the “chemicals of life”
Inorganic Molecules:
Do not contain carbon
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Monomers vs. Polymers
Monomers:
Molecules that may react with similar molecules to form a chain
Polymers:
A chain of many monomers that are chemically bonded together
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Formation of Polymers
Animation
How are polymers formed?
Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation): Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are removed from the monomers to form water, and the two monomers are joined together.
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Breakdown of Polymers
Animation
How are polymers broken down?
Hydrolysis—the reverse of dehydration synthesis (condensation)
Water added to the polymer, un-linking the chain and breaking it back down to its original monomer units
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Carbohydrates
What are they?Group of organic molecules that includes sugars,
starches and cellulose.
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Carbohydrates
Structure:
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
(CH2O)n – n is an integer such as 5 (C5H10O5)
Subunits: Monosaccharides, such as glucose or fructose
Most often in a ring shapeSubunits are connected with covalent bonds
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Monosaccharide Example
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Disaccharide Example
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Polysaccharide Example
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Carbohydrates
Function:
EnergyStructural SupportCell WallCell Membrane Marker
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Lipids
What are they?Organic molecule group including fats and
phospholipids
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Lipids
Structure:
Subunits:○ Glycerol and fatty acids○ Glycerol and fatty acids plus phosphate group
Insoluble in waterDo not form large polymers (2 or 3 fatty acids
with glycerol) ○ Examples: diglyceride and triglyceride
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Triglyceride Example
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Phospholipid Example
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Lipids
Function:
Energy storageInsulationPart of cell membrane (phospholipids)Hormones
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Proteins What are proteins?
Group of organic molecules that provides structure and facilitates chemical reactions.
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Proteins
Structure:
Subunits: Amino acidsAmino acids connect via peptide bondsVery large moleculesGlobular or structural
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Amino Acid
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Proteins
Function:
Lots of functions!Enzymes (speed rate of chemical reactions)Structural components in cellsMechanical functions in muscles and
cytoskeleton (internal cell framework)Cell signalingImmune response
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Nucleic Acids
What are Nucleic Acids?
Group of organic molecules including DNA and RNA
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Nucleic Acids
Structure:Subunits are nucleotides—5-Carbon sugar,
Nitrogen base and one or more Phosphate groups
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Nucleic Acids
Function:
Storage and retrieval of information:○ Encode genes○ Gene expression