3. era of reform (website)

7/30/2019 3. Era of Reform (Website)

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Unit 3 Part 3:

Reforms to Society /Progressive Era


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Reform Movements

Before Progressive Era


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Settlement House Movement

Founds Hull House(Chicago)

Provides services to

poor neighborhood: Child care Education

Childrens Programs

Legal Aid

Health Care

Employment Assistance

400 created nationwide Jane Addams


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Populist Movement

Poor and Farmers (includes African Americans)

Want change in monetary policy (inflation)

Expand money in circulation via silver

Progressive Income Tax

Lower Tariffs

Govt ownership of industries

Labor reforms (Wages, hours, etc)


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Muckrakers

Journalists who reveal the dirtytruths underlying modern society


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Muckrakers Lincoln Steffens

Exposed Politicalcorruption all overnation

Originally in McCluresmagazine then

published as book

Shame of the Cities


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Muckrakers Ida Tarbell

Father worked forStandard Oil

Wrote expose of JDRs

ruthless tactics:

A History of Standard Oil

Published as serial inMcClures magazine


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Muckrakers Thomas Nast

Cartoonist

Exposed William Marcy

Boss Tweed andTammany Hall

Graft

Stuffing ballot boxes


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Political Machines

Groups that sought to control stateand local governments

Provided favors in exchange for

votes (mostly from poor immigrants)

Voter fraud/intimidation frequent

Graft corruption where $ charged toget govt services

Tammany Hall most notorious (NYC) William M. Boss Tweed


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Thomas Nast


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Muckrakers Upton Sinclair

Exposes Horrors ofChicago Meat PackingHouses

Dangers to workers

Unsanitary Conditions

Led to Meat Inspection Actof 1906


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The Progressive Era


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Progressive Era

1890-1920

Seek progress by empowering govt to

intervene to solve societal problems.


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I. Political Reforms


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Political Reformers

Governor of WI

Wisconsin Idea:

Partnering of government anduniversities to study and solve

public problems

Successful Reforms included:

Workers Compensation System

Open Primaries

Progressive Taxation (16th Am)

Direct election of senators (17th Am)

Battling Bob La Follette


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5 Political Reforms

1. Direct (Open) Primary Elections:

System was that party leaderschose candidates for elections

Now VOTERS choose finalcandidates on ballot


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5 Political Reforms

2. Initiative:

Citizens petition for new law

Law is voted on by people

3. Referendum:

Legislature passes a law People petition to have law subjected

to a popular vote before takes effect


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5 Political Reforms

4. Recall:

Citizens can vote politicians out ofoffice during term

5. Direct Election of Senators:

Old SystemState govt selects USSenators

17th Amendment Now people votefor US Senators


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II. Economic Reforms


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TRs Square Deal

3 Parts:

1. Control of Corporations

2. Consumer Protection

3. Conservation of Natural Resources


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1. Controling Corporations

Sherman Anti-Trust Act: Passed in 1890

Barely used for 10 years

TR Changes This!!!

41 Anti-Trust Lawsuits

First is Northern Securities Company(RailroadMonopoly)

Not allonly ones hurting society


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1. Controling Corporations

President Taft continuestrust-busting:

More anti-trust actions in 4

yrs than TR did in 7 yrs!

Breaks up Standard Oil

Breaks up AmericanTobacco Co.

William Howard Taft

(1909-1913)


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2. Consumer Protection

Meat Inspection Act of 1906: Dept. of Agriculture inspectors ensure

meat is from healthy animals and

packed under sanitary conditions.

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906:

Banned deceptive labeling of foods anddrugs and required ingredients onlabels.


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3. Conservation

TR Establishes US Forest Service

Sets up bird conservatories, game

preserves, 150 national forests and 5national parks

Over 230,000,000 acres of protected land


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3. Conservation

"It is also vandalism wantonly to destroy or topermit the destruction of what is beautiful innature, whether it be a cliff, a forest, or a speciesof mammal or bird. Here in the United States we

turn our rivers and streams into sewers anddumping-grounds, we pollute the air, we destroyforests, and exterminate fishes, birds andmammals -- not to speak of vulgarizing charming

landscapes with hideous advertisements. But atlast it looks as if our people were awakening."

-Theodore Roosevelt


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III. Social Reforms


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1. Labor Reforms

See last section of handout for list of laborlaws passed


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2. Reforms to Working Conditions


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Triangle Shirtwaist Factory


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What is a Shirtwaist??


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Pleasant Working Conditions


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But

Workers pay for own materials

Owners paranoid about material theft

Lock all doors but one so workers can besearched for thread, cloth, etc. as leave.

Most workers are women and teenagegirls


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March 25, 1911

Fire breaks out on7th, 8th and 9th Floors

Blocks only exit

No escape: fire ladders will

not reach

Workers jump todeath or die in fire

150 die


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Aftermath


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Aftermath

Af h


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Aftermath NY Factory Commission of 1911:

New safety laws:

Multiple fire exits

Sprinkler systems

All doors unlocked

New Laws to Protect Workers

Sanitation and break requirements Limits to hours for women (54 per week)

No child labor under 14

Other States Follow Suit

3 S i l W lf P


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3. Social Welfare Programs

Efforts by Municipal Govts:

Public baths

Parks

Work-relief programs for the unemployed

Free kindergartens

lodging houses (i.e. homeless shelters)

Workmans Compensation:

Benefits paid to workers injured on the job


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TR Returns!! (1912)(Formation of Progressive Party)

1912 TR B k A i !!


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1912: TR Back Again!!

Roosevelt loses confidence in Taft asbeing Progressive:

Undermines conservationist movement

Caves to Party pressure not to lower tariffs Failed attempt to break up US Steel

(Roosevelt considered it a good trust)

Runs against Taft in 1912 for Republicannomination

Formation of New Party


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Formation of New Party

Taft wins Republican nomination

Roosevelt forms Progressive Party

More Commonly Known As


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More Commonly Known As

How did we get from


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How did we get from

To:

October 14 1912


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October 14, 1912

October 14 1912


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October 14, 1912

John Shrank shot him

Claimed McKinleys

ghost told him to

NOT an anarchist

Frick (Alexander Berkman)

McKinley (Leon Czolgosz)

Haymarket Riot bombers

Saved by a folded 50 page


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Saved by a folded 50 pagespeech and


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Would not get treatment

Gave FULL speech for 80-90 minutes

Produced first page of speech with bullethole, showed bloody shirt to crowd, andproclaimed

It takes more than this to kill a Bull Moose!

Created 4 way Election


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Created 4-way Election

Created 4 way Election


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Created 4-way Election

1912 Results:


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1912 Results:

Roosevelt splits Republican Vote

Beats Taft

Votes of Taft + Roosevelt > Wilson + Debs

1992 Results:


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1992 Results:

William ClintonAlbert Gore

Jr.Democratic 44,909,806 43.01%

George H.W.

Bush

J. Danforth

Quayle

Republican 39,104,550 37.45%

H. Ross PerotJames

StockdaleIndependent 19,743,821 18.91%

Perot voters would likely have voted for George H.W. Bush

Gave election to Bill Clinton


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Women and Right to Vote

Movement Gains Momentum


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Movement Gains MomentumPost-Civil War

Why Specifically Then?


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Figures in Suffrage Movement Former abolitionist

Felt women entitled to samerights as African-Americans

Founded National WomanSuffrage Assoc. (NWSA)with Elizabeth Cady Stanton

President of NationalAmerican Woman SuffrageAssoc. (NAWSA) until 1900

Susan B. Anthony


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Susan B. Anthony (cont.)

3 tactics:1. Seek for individual states

to grant suffrage Success out West (WY, UT,

CO, ID) but not in East

2. Court cases Arrested 150 times for

voting illegally

Courts ruled womencitizens but cannot vote

3. Seek Amendment to

Federal Constitution

Susan B. Anthony

1820-1906


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Alice Paul

Founds NationalWomans Party in 1913

Originally called

Congressional Union

More radical pursuit ofsuffrage:

Picket White House

Burn Wilson in effigy

Hunger Strikes


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Suffrage Achieved

19th Amendment to Constitution

Ratified August 18, 1920 41 years after first proposed by Anthony and Stanton

3. era of reform (website)

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