(3) (1) - welcome to oxted · pdf file · 2017-11-27......

Q1. The picture shows a basilisk lizard. Some of the adaptations of the lizard are labelled.

Basilisk lizards are often found resting on branches of trees that grow next to water. Basilisk lizards can run across the surface of the water.

(a) Draw one line from each adaptation of the lizard to the advantage of the adaptation.

Adaptation Advantage

(3)

For camouflage on

branches of trees

Toes on the back feet are webbed

Helps the lizard to balance when running

Long tail

Warning colours to deter predators

Brown skin

Increases surface

area in contact with the water

(b) Suggest one advantage to the basilisk lizard of being able to run across the surface of the water.

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(c) Animals, such as lizards, compete with each other.

Give two factors that animals compete for.

Tick ( ) two boxes.

Oxygen

Food

Q2. Viruses and bacteria cause diseases in humans.

(a) Draw a ring around the correct word to complete the sentence.

(1)

algae.

Organisms that cause disease are called pathogens.

vaccines.

(b) In August 2011 the United Nations gave a warning that there was a new strain of the bird flu virus in China.

Bird flu may kill humans. The new strain of the bird flu virus could cause a pandemic very quickly.

(i) What is a pandemic?

Tick ( ) one box.

A disease affecting the people all over one country.

A disease affecting hundreds of people.

A disease affecting people in many countries. (1)

Territory

Light (2)

(Total 6 marks)

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(ii) The swine flu virus is carried by pigs.

The bird flu virus is likely to spread much more quickly than the swine flu virus.

Suggest one reason why.

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This notice is from a doctor’s surgery.

(c) (i) Why will antibiotics not get rid of flu?

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Unfortunately, antibiotics will NOT get rid of your flu.

(ii) The symptoms of flu include a sore throat and aching muscles.

What would a doctor give to a patient to relieve the symptoms of flu?

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(iii) It is important that antibiotics are not overused.

Explain why.

Use words from the box to complete the sentence.

Overuse of antibiotics might speed up the development

of ................................................... strains of ................................................... . (2)

(Total 7 marks)

antibody bacteria immune resistant viruses

Q3. Many people use recreational drugs.

(a) Some recreational drugs are addictive.

(i) Give one example of a recreational drug that is very addictive.

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(ii) People may suffer withdrawal symptoms when they become addicted to drugs.

How does the action of a drug make a person become addicted to it?

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(b) Some doctors think that smoking cannabis causes depression.

Doctors investigated the cannabis smoking habits of 1500 young adults.

The table shows the percentage of the cannabis smokers in the investigation who became depressed.

From the data, give two conclusions that can be drawn about the relationship between cannabis and depression.

1 .....................................................................................................................

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2 .....................................................................................................................

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(Total 4 marks)

How many times the men or women had smoked cannabis

in the last 12 months

Percentage of men

whobecame depressed

Percentage of women

who became depressed

Less than 5 times 9 16

More than 5 times, but less than once per week

10 17

1 – 4 times per week 12 31

Every day 15 68

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Q4. The diagram shows one method of producing herbicide-resistant crop plants.

(a) The herbicide-resistance gene is cut out of a chromosome of a herbicide-resistant plant.

How is the herbicide-resistance gene cut out of the chromosome?

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(b) Apart from having the herbicide-resistance gene, the herbicide-resistant plants are identical to the herbicide-susceptible plants.

Explain why.

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(c) Suggest one advantage to a farmer of growing herbicide-resistant crops.

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(d) Many people are opposed to the growing of herbicide-resistant crops produced in this way.

Suggest one reason why.

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(Total 5 marks)

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Q5. This question is about recycling.

The pie chart shows the different types of waste from an average household in England.

(a) In 2010, councils in England collected 23 million tonnes of waste from households. Most of the waste was put into landfill sites. Councils pay to use landfill sites.

Organic kitchen waste can be put onto compost heaps.

Calculate the mass of organic kitchen waste from households that could have been put onto compost heaps in 2010.

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Answer = ......................... million tonnes (2)

(b) Some householders put organic kitchen waste onto their compost heaps.

(i) Suggest one advantage of this to the council.

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(ii) Suggest one advantage of this to the householder.

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(Total 4 marks)

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Q6. The Sun is mainly hydrogen and helium. The diagrams show an atom of hydrogen and an atom of helium.

(a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

(1)

Hydrogen Helium

molecule.

(i) The centre of each atom is called the nucleus.

shell.

(1)

a bond.

(ii) The circle (labelled R) around the centre of each atom is called an electrical charge.

an energy level (shell).

(b) Use the diagrams in part (a) to help you to answer these questions.

Draw one line from each question to its correct answer.

(3)

Question Answer

1

How many protons are there in the hydrogen atom?

2

How many electrons are there in the helium atom?

3

What is the mass number of the helium atom?

4

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(c) The Sun is 73% hydrogen and 25% helium. The rest is other elements.

What is the percentage of other elements in the Sun?

.............................. % (1)

(d) One of the other elements in the Sun is neon. Neon is in the same group of the periodic table as helium.

Use the Chemistry Data Sheet to help you to answer these questions.

(i) How many protons are there in a neon atom?

............................................................................................................... (1)

(ii) Which group of the periodic table are helium and neon in?

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(Total 8 marks)

Q7. Olive oil has a high content of healthy, unsaturated fats.

(a) Olive oil and water do not mix. A salad dressing is made by shaking olive oil and water with an emulsifier.

(i) Complete the sentence.

The salad dressing of olive oil, water and emulsifier is a mixture

called an ...................................................................... . (1)

(ii) Give one benefit of using emulsifiers in food.

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(b) Olive oil has a boiling point of 300°C.

(i) Complete the sentence.

The boiling point of olive oil compared to the boiling point of water

is ...................................................................... . (1)

(ii) Apart from colour, state two ways in which a food cooked in olive oil will be different to a food cooked in water.

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Q8. Carbon dioxide is produced when metal carbonates are heated.

(a) (i) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the word equation.

(1)

(ii) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

(1)

combustion.

The reaction to produce carbon dioxide from magnesium carbonate is decomposition.

fermentation.

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(b) A student investigated what happens when metal carbonates are heated.

The student:

• used the apparatus to investigate heating four metal carbonates

• started the stop clock at the same time as he began to heat the metal carbonate

• stopped the stop clock when carbon dioxide was produced.

The student’s results are shown in the table.

(i) Tick ( ) the type of graph the student should draw from these results.

(1)

Metal carbonate Time taken for the production of carbon

dioxide to start in seconds

Calcium carbonate 163

Copper carbonate 24

Magnesium carbonate 92

Zinc carbonate 67

Type of graph Tick ( )

Bar chart

Line graph

Scatter graph

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(ii) Use the Chemistry Data Sheet to help you to answer this question.

Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

production of carbon dioxide to start. (1)

less

The more reactive the metal in the carbonate the more time is taken for the

same

(iii) How did the student know that carbon dioxide was produced?

Use the diagram of the apparatus to help you to answer this question.

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(Total 6 marks)

Q9. The amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere has changed since the Earth was formed. The amount of carbon dioxide continues to change because of human activities.

(a) Cement is produced when a mixture of calcium carbonate and clay is heated in a rotary kiln. The fuel mixture is a hydrocarbon and air.

Hydrocarbons react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide. Calcium carbonate decomposes to produce carbon dioxide.

(i) Complete each chemical equation by writing the formula of the other product.

(2)

(ii) Hydrocarbons and calcium carbonate contain locked up carbon dioxide.

What is locked up carbon dioxide?

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(b) Graph 1 shows how the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere changed in the last 4500 million years.

Use information from Graph 1 to answer these questions.

(i) Describe how the percentage of carbon dioxide has changed in the last 4500 million years.

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(ii) Give two reasons why the percentage of carbon dioxide has changed.

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(c) Graph 2 shows how the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere changed in the last 250 years.

Should we be concerned about this change in the percentage of carbon dioxide?

Explain your answer.

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(Tota 10 marks)

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Q10. Cans for food and drinks are made from steel or aluminium. The main metal in steel is iron.

(a) Reacting iron oxide with carbon produces iron.

Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

(1)

decomposition.

The reaction to produce iron from iron oxide is

oxidation.

reduction.

(b) Aluminium cannot be produced by reacting aluminium oxide with carbon.

Why does aluminium oxide not react with carbon?

Tick ( ) the correct answer.

(1)

Answer Tick ( )

aluminium is less reactive than carbon

carbon is less reactive than aluminium

oxygen is more reactive than carbon

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(c) Aluminium can be produced by electrolysis.

Why do the aluminium ions collect at the negative electrode?

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(d) Some statements about aluminium are given below.

Tick ( ) two statements that are correct reasons why aluminium is used to make cans.

(2)

Statement Tick ( )

aluminium conducts electricity

aluminium is not a transition metal

aluminium has a low density

aluminium is resistant to corrosion

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(e) Recycling aluminium cans uses less fossil fuels than producing aluminium from its ore.

Tick ( ) one advantage and tick ( ) one disadvantage of recycling aluminium to make aluminium cans.

(2) (Total 8 marks)

Statement Advantage Tick ( ) Disadvantage Tick ( )

aluminium is the most common metal in the Earth’s crust

less carbon dioxide is produced

more aluminium ore needs to be mined

used aluminium cans have to be collected and transported

Q11. About half of the UK’s electricity is generated in coal-burning power stations and nuclear power stations.

(a) Coal-burning power stations and nuclear power stations provide a reliable way of generating electricity.

What is meant by a reliable way of generating electricity?

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........................................................................................................................ (1)

(b) Over the next few years, most of the older nuclear power stations in the UK will be closed down, and the process of decommissioning will start.

What does it mean to decommission a nuclear power station?

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(c) Climate change has been strongly linked to the emission of carbon dioxide. Many governments around the world are committed to reducing carbon dioxide emissions.

Generating electricity can increase carbon dioxide emissions.

The companies generating electricity could reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

Give two ways the companies could do this.

1 .....................................................................................................................

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2 ......................................................................................................................

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(d) Electricity is distributed from power stations to consumers along the National Grid.

The voltage across the overhead cables of the National Grid needs to be much higher than the output voltage from the power station generators.

Explain why.

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(Total 7 marks)

Q12. Galaxies emit all types of electromagnetic wave.

(a) (i) Which type of electromagnetic wave has the shortest wavelength?

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(ii) State one difference between an ultraviolet wave and a visible light wave.

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(b) Electromagnetic waves travel through space at a speed of 3.0 x 108 m/s.

The radio waves emitted from a distant galaxy have a wavelength of 25 metres.

Calculate the frequency of the radio waves emitted from the galaxy and give the unit.

Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.

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Frequency = ...................................................................... (3)

(c) Scientists use a radio telescope to measure the wavelength of the radio waves emitted from the galaxy in part (b) as the waves reach the Earth. The scientists measure the wavelength as 25.2 metres. The effect causing this observed increase in wavelength is called red-shift.

(i) The waves emitted from most galaxies show red-shift.

What does red-shift tell scientists about the direction most galaxies are moving?

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(ii) The size of the red-shift is not the same for all galaxies.

What information can scientists find out about a galaxy when they measure the size of the red-shift the galaxy produces?

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(iii) What does the observation of red-shift suggest is happening to the Universe?

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(Total 9 marks)

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Q13. A person can see an image of himself in a tall plane mirror.

The diagram shows how the person can see his hat.

(a) Which point, A, B or C, shows the position of the image of his hat?

(1)

Write the correct answer, A, B or C, in the box.

(b) On the diagram, use a ruler to draw a light ray to show how the person can see his shoe. (3)

(c) Which one of the words in the box is used to describe the image formed by a plane mirror?

Draw a ring around the correct answer.

(1) (Total 5 marks)

imaginary real virtual

Q14. (a) A lorry has an air horn. The air horn produces sound waves in the air.

(i) Use one word to complete the following sentence.

Sound waves cause air particles to ................................................................. . (1)

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(ii) The air horn produces sound waves at a constant frequency of 420 Hz.

The wavelength of the sound waves is 0.80 m.

Calculate the speed of the sound waves.

Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.

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Speed = .......................................................... m/s (2)

(b) A person standing at the side of the road, as the lorry goes past, hears the sound from the air horn change pitch.

(i) What determines the pitch of a sound?


(1)

amplitude frequency loudness

(ii) As the lorry moves away from the person, the air horn continues to produce sound waves with a wavelength of 0.80 m.

What is the wavelength of the sound waves the person heard?


(1)

shorter than 0.8 m equal to 0.8 m longer than 0.8 m

(iii) The sound waves the person heard from the moving air horn are different to the sound waves the air horn produced.

What name is given to this effect?


(1) (Total 6 marks)

diffraction Doppler refraction

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Q15. The diagram shows how the metal chimney from a log-burning stove passes through the inside of a house.

(a) Explain how heat is transferred by the process of convection from the inside of the stove to the top of the chimney.

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(b) Although the outside of the chimney becomes very hot, there is no insulating material around the chimney.

(i) Explain, in terms of the particles in a metal, how heat is transferred by conduction from the inside to the outside of the metal chimney.

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(ii) Suggest one advantage of having no insulation around the chimney.

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(Total 5 marks)

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(3) (1) - welcome to oxted · pdf file · 2017-11-27......

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