ASSOC PROF DR ZURAIDAH ABD MANAF

Head (Malaysia Citation Center)

Department of Higher Education

Ministry of Higher Education

28 November 2018

@ Pelancaran Perpustakaan Digital Universiti Teknologi MARA

Pusat Sitasi Malaysia 03-88706812 mcc@mohe.gov.my http://mycc.my 03-88706509

Presentation Outline

Emerging Technology Breakthrough

Education 4.0: Trends & Challenges

Impact of 4th IR to Higher Education

Impact of 4th IR to Libraries

Global connectivity, smart machines and new media are just some of the drivers reshaping how we think about work, what constitutes work, and how we learn and develop the skills to work in the future.

Emerging

Technology

Breakthroughs

............. beyond technology lies ..............

INEQUALITY

Displaced

because of lost

jobs

7 Billion world

population, but

only 4 Billion

have access to

connectivity

Accessibility to technology and connectivity

• It is the future of education which:

Responds to the needs of “industry 4.0”, where man and machine align to enable new possibilities

Harnesses the potential of digital technologies, personalised data, open sourced content, and the new humanity of this globally-connected, technology-fueled world

DIVERSE TIME & PLACE

PERSONALIZED LEARNING

FREE CHOICE

PROJECT BASED

FIELD EXPERIENCE

• Students will have more opportunities to learn at different times in different places.

• eLearning tools facilitate opportunities for remote, self-paced learning.

• Classrooms will be flipped, which means the theoretical part is learned outside the classroom, whereas the practical part shall be taught face to face, interactively.

• Students will learn with study tools that adapt to the capabilities of a student ~ above average students shall be challenged with harder tasks and questions.

• Sudents will be able to modify their learning process ~ they will learn with different devices, different programs and techniques based on their own preference.

• Students will adapt to project based learning and working ~ they have to learn how to apply their skills in shorter terms to a variety of situations.

• Organizational, collaborative, and time management skills must be taught so that they can use in their further academic careers.

• Because technology can facilitate more efficiency in certain domains, curricula will make room for skills that solely require human knowledge and face-to-face interaction.

• Experience in ‘the field’ should be emphasized within courses.

DATA INTERPRETATION

EXAMS WILL CHANGE COMPLETELY

STUDENT OWNERSHIP

MENTORING WILL BECOME MORE IMPORTANT

• Computers will take care of every statistical analysis, and describe and analyse data and predict future trends.

• The human interpretation of these data will become a much more important part of the future curricula.

• A courseware platforms will assess students capabilities at each step, measuring their competencies

• Factual knowledge of a student can be measured during their learning process.

• Students will become more and more involved in forming their curricula

• Critical input from students on the content and durability of their courses is a must for an all-embracing study program.

• Students will incorporate so much independence in to their learning process, that mentoring will become fundamental to student success.

• Teachers will form a central point in the jungle of information that our students will be paving their way through.

…we don’t know how the dramatic social, economic, political and technological shift

will impact higher education

…and sometimes it looks like not too many people care about it

The challenging news…

“Universities won’t survive… higher education is in deep crisis… The college campus won’t survive as a residential institution. Today’s [college] buildings are hopelessly unsuited and totally unneeded”

Peter Drucker, 1997

UNIVERSITY 42

An innovative coding University established in Paris

Launched in 2013, opens 24/7

No teachers, books or tuition fees

Students work by projects and undergo several internship programs at designated levels

Completed projects will earn points to go to the next level

25

Jobs that are available now may be obsolete in the future but new types of jobs will emerge to meet the demands of the 4th IR

Changing landscape of employment

trends

The exponential digital age brings with it unfamiliar technologies; university need to consistently anticipate and prepare for changing skills and new knowledge

Changing landscape of technologies

We maybe confronted with unforeseen problems and issues in the future

Changing landscape of demands

From digital immigrants to digital natives Changing in

student’s attitude and behaviour

DIGITAL

NATIVES

Higher education sector is pressured to accommodate the needs of digital natives

Challenges of future teaching and learning must be turned into opportunities for change!

Change of business models Coorperatives structures enhancing

interdisciplinary New concept for faculties or

departments

Change of organisational structures

New teaching concepts (e.g; flipped classroom)

New teaching infrastructures (e.g. equipment for virtual worlds)

Digital rights management

Change of teaching methods

New role of examination offices No fixed degree programms Acceleration in education according to

fast innovation cycles

Change of accreditation procedures

Massive vs. Personalized learning New learning infrastructures e.g.

increased computing capacities shift from presence learning to distance learning

Change of learning

Digital technologies pervade and connect all aspects of daily life

Development of various digital lifestyles New mental models, e.g. distance no longer

dominated by geogr. distances

Digital culture

New forms of social communication, participation and organisation

Leading to globalization of educatiom New learning /problem solving styles NLP, Web, 4.0 on its way

Semantics makes “search” more efficient Googles on-demand philosophy spreading Melting of all types of information, seamless

integration

Individualism- a global phenomenon Few strong, many lose relationship

Individualization

Complex biographies and identities Personalisation and individualisation in

learning and education “DIY education”

Social cohesion shifted from physical to virtual world

Distances in mind become even more visible

Individual education for masses Self-paced learning Individual modular degrees

Source: Sabina Jeschke, Engineering Education for Industry 4.0, 2016

The University of the Future

WAY FORWARD

There are many more

disruptive technologies and trends…

Internet of things

Cloud computing

Cognitive computing

Block chain

Advanced virtual reality

3D printing

…etc

How are these technologies

changing and disrupting

libraries and librarian’s area of responsibility?

Global Technology Trends

Higher Education Trends

WHAT are the trends?

New technologies will expand and limit who has access to

information

Online education will democratize and disrupt global learning

The boundaries of privacy and data protection will be redefined

Hyper-connected societies will empower new voices and group

The global information environment will be transformed

by new technologies

New technologies will transform the global economy

New technologies will equalize access to information around the world, not simply for developing countries but a range of social and economic groups.

Technology enables young entrepreneurs to reach a global audience.

New creation and distribution models stand to profoundly disrupt the existing information chain.

…STRATEGIES must understand these trends and how specific emerging technologies can be employed to position libraries ahead of the changes…

Fast trends

• Growing ubiquity of social media

• Integration of online, hybrid and collaborative learning

Mid-range trends

• Rise of data-driven learning and assessment

• Shift from students as consumers to students as creator

Long-range trends

• Agile approaches to change

• Evolution of online learning

Key trends accelerating higher education technology adoption:

E-Textbooks Open Educational Resources Social Media

The trend is towards not so much e-books, as digital learning environment

Publishers will have direct access to consumers – they have access to data about how their content is performing

Open is a key trend in future education and publication – open content, open educational resources, massively open online courses and open access

It changes the way people interact, present ideas and information, and judge the quality of content and contributions

It significantly tractions in almost every education sector

“within 15 to 20 years the physical library will

cease to exist; patrons will access electronic

material online, and the meeting places and

cyberbars will have migrated elsewhere.”

… or was it just an exaggeration?

Mike Shatzkin, 2011 Founder & CEO The Idea Logical Company; A widely-acknowledged thought leader about digital change in the book publishing industry.

Libraries are characterized as being resilient institutions that have demonstrated the capacity to adapt to

changing social, political and technical forces

(Gilmour and Sapp, 2002; Weiner, 2005)

Temple Libraries (Oral

Communications)

Manuscript Libraries (Primitive Libraries)

Paper / Print Libraries (Traditional

Libraries)

Microform Libraries

Paper / Print Libraries (Traditional

Libraries)

Digital Libraries

Virtual Libraries Networked Libraries

Cloud Libraries

Librarians and Librarianship have witnessed the revolutions in the LIS system due to application of technologies. Libraries

transformed in different phases

Type of Work Future skills &

knowledge required

Future eco-system for

working

WORK WORKFORCE WORKPLACE

Work of the future are likely to be more flexible, agile, networked and connected.

WORK OF THE FUTURE

In-Person

Digital

Data

Manipulation

Creativity &

Passion

Modular

Multi

Disciplinary

Collaborative

Global

Machine

Augmented

“people who are capable of recreating themselves

and recreating their capabilities

are the ones who will be most successful”

WORKFORCE

OF THE FUTURE

SOC

IAL

CA

PIT

AL

PSY

CH

OLO

GIC

AL

CA

PIT

AL

Communication skills

Resource management skills

Commitment Passion Dedication

Ethics and value Smartpartnership

Technical skills Digital skills Design skills Stem SKILLS

Business needs analysis

Innovation Creativity Enterprise architecture

Future thinking Logical and strategic

thinking Cognitive skills Problem solving skills

INTE

LLEC

TUA

L C

AP

ITA

L

SPIR

ITU

AL

CA

PIT

AL

SKIL

L C

AP

ITA

L

ENTR

EPR

ENEU

RIA

L C

AP

ITA

L

The distinction between our work lives and personal lives have blurred, workplace is no longer where but what we carry

FUTURE

OF WORKPLACE

Flexible

Inclusion

Virtual

Intuitive and Intelligence

Environmental Friendly

Sustainable

Global

Conducive for Ideas

Technology

Driven

Wellness

Collaborative

Green

31

Adaptability &

Agile

Anticipatory

Communication

Entrepreneurial

Technology savvy

FUTURE CHALLENGES

32

Future Oriented Thinking Long-term strategic thinking rather than motivated by short-term or immediate impact

Vigilant Librarian need to be up-to-date, knowledgeable and alert on issues and developments, at local and global level.

Skills #1: Anticipatory

Predictive Service Delivery Monitoring public emotions and sentiments will enable predictive demands for public services.

33

Skills #2: Communication

Political Acumen Negotiation and good communication skills to position the library’s agenda around political (National) interests

Network Of Interorganisation (Internal & External) Horizontal (functional), integrated (inter-institutional) programmes would need to be institutionalised and implemented.

Transparency & Accountability The rising of public expectation and intense public scrutiny demand greater transparency of information.

34

Skills #3: Entrepreneurial

Social Entrepreneur Mind-Set. Entrepreneur skills in delivering high impact initiatives within limited amount of resources

Smart & Strategic partnership for delivery Co-production with partners (3rd Sector or social entrepreneurs and private sector) – Alternative Service.

Dare to Fail Failure in the honest effort to improve the public service would not be criticised or punished, but welcomed and supported by leaders and colleagues.

35

Skills #4: Technology savvy

Smart Platform – Interactive with Stakeholders Single point portals or mobile applications where customers can cut across agencies and the next generation web to enable self-learning from trends and behaviours to personalise information.

Multi –Channel Platform Be where the crowd is by establishing your institution’s presence in all virtual media and platforms.

Digitalising Eco-System Deployment of advanced ICT systems that enable digital Public Service eco-systems and virtualising assets wherever possible.

Teleworks Advancement of ICT enables public servants to work remotely ‘anywhere and anytime’ as part of a flexi working culture.

36

Skills #5: Adatability and Agile

Equality and Values Driven Demonstrate equality by allowing equal participation of different gender/ ethnic/ age in the system

Change of Image Redesign workplace to become flexible and technology driven that could facilitate the involvement of a new generation of workforce

Research, Innovation & Development Strengthen and facilitate R&D to research and develop systems and technologies that would support and sustain the quality of Public Service.

Adapted from:

'Can you say what your strategy is'. By David J Collis and Michael G

Rukstad. Harvard Business Review. April 2008

CONTEXT

COMPETITORS OFFERING

CAPABILITIES

CUSTOMER NEEDS

To get the best return, focus

efforts on meeting customer

needs that are not met by your

competitors but can be met

with your capabilities

Reduce costs Increase revenue

Realign?

Revisit?

Review?

Put back on track?

4th IR has opened up an entirely new medium for providing improved information services and resources for the users.

The future may require the librarians to reorient themselves, think creatively and adopt new technology skills to generate services and resources where their skills of structuring and organizing resources are put to its best use.

To cope with the trends, LIS professionals have to move in right direction with having a vision of the traditional ways and to adapt to social and technological changes.

Quoted in “The Everything Book: Reading in the age of Amazon. By Casey Newton

http://www.theverge.com/2014/12/17/7396525/amazon-kindle-design-lab-audible-hachette

“THE BEST WAY TO

PREDICT THE FUTURE

IS TO INVENT IT”…

by Alan Kay

• Chad, Ken (2015). Emerging technologies and future of libraries: issues and challenges. January 30-31 2015 Gulbarga University, Karnataka State, India

• Collins, Sharon (2009). What Technology? Reflections on Evolving Services‘. EDUCAUSE Review online. October 30, 2009 http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/what-technology-reflections-evolving-services

• Collis, D.J. & Rukstad, M.G. (2008). Can you say what your strategy is. Harvard Business Review. April 2008

• The future of jobd (2016). World Economic Forum. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_future_of_jobs.pd

• Gilmour, R. & Sapp G. (2002) A brief history of the future of academic libraries: Predictions and speculations from the literature of the profession, 1975 to 2000. Libraries and the Academy. 2 (4): 553–576.

• Hellman, Eric (2010). Libraries, ebooks and competition. Library Journal. August 2010 p 22-23

• Kortekaas, Simone (2014). Thinking the unthinkable -doing away with the library catalogue. Plenary presentation at the 2014 UKSG conference (s.kortekaas@uu.nl @simonekortekaas)

• Luther, Judy& Kelly, Maureen C. (2011). The Next Generation of Discovery The stage is set for a simpler search for users, but choosing a product is much more complex. Library Journal. March 2011. http://www.libraryjournal.com/lj/ljinprintcurrentissue/889250-403/the_next_generation_of_discovery.html.csp

• Malaysia. Ministry of Higher Education (2015). Redesihning Higher Education. http://www.mohe.gov.my/en/initiatives-2

• Malaysia. Ministry of Higher Education (2015). Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025 (Higher Education). Ministry of Education Malaysia

• Newton, Casey (2014).The Everything Book: Reading in the age of Amazon. By Casey Newton http://www.theverge.com/2014/12/17/7396525/amazon-kindle-design-lab-audible-hachette

• Schwab, Klaus (2016). The fourth industrial revolution: What it means and how to respond. Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2015-12-12/fourth-industrial-revolution

• Sohail, Inayatullah (2017). Foresight workshop. Dorset Putrajaya 27-29 November 2017

• Weiner SG (2005) The history of academic libraries in the United States: a review of the literature. Library Philosophy and Practice. 7 (2): 1–12

Thank You

zuraidaham@mohe.gov.my