2.5 rockets and satellites
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2: Forces
Miss Luzma Fabre
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Section 5: Rockets and satellites
• Sputnik I was the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite (1957). It was launched by the Soviet Union
• Then, in 1958, USA launched a satellite called Explorer I.
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How do rockets lift off?• Rockets and space shuttles
lift into space using Newton´s third law of motion
• A rocket can rise into the air because the gases it expels with a downward action force exert an equal but opposite reaction force on the rocket
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• If the upward pushing force (thrust) is greater than the downward pull of gravity, the rocket will accelerate upward
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The Saturn V (five) rocket was developed in 1960’s. How do these multistage rockets work?
• Once a stage uses up its fuel, the container drops off and the next stage ignites
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What is a satellite?• Rockets are used to carry
satellites into space• A satell i te is any object that
orbits another object in space• Artificial satellites are
designed for different purposes:
• Communication• Military intelligence• Weather analysis• Geographical surveys
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• Circular motion• Satellites travel around Earth in circular
paths• They are constantly changing direction=
accelerating, so a force must be acting on them
• CENTRIPETAL FORCE
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• Any force that causes an object to move in a circular path is a centripetal force
• The gravitational force is the centripetal force that pulls the satelite toward the center of the Earth
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• Does a satellite require fuel once it is in orbit? Why?
• No, because it continues to move ahead due to its inertia. At the same time, gravity continuously changes the satellite´s direction
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• Satellites in orbit around Earth continuously fall toward Earth, but because Earth is curved they travel around it.
• Is like a falling projectile that keeps missing the ground
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• The faster a projectile is thrown, the farther it travels before it hits the ground. A projectile with enough velocity (7900 m/s) moves in a circular orbit
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Launch Speed less than 8000 m/s Projectile falls to Earth
Launch Speed equal to 8000 m/s Projectile orbits Earth - Circular Path
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• Satell i te location• They orbit at different heights,
depending on their uses• Ex: communications satellites travel
about 36000 km above Earth´s surface