25 FEBRUARY 2016GOAL – REVIEW FOR CH. 9 TEST

Please have out your study guides to be checked in.

• Practice Review Quiz• True/False – be sure to explain both sides

• Discuss Study Guide

• Any time left over? Study/read over Chapter 9

• Homework – Study – Chapter 9 Test is tomorrow – last performance grade of the quarter!

HONORS CHAPTER 9 STUDY GUIDE

7th Grade Honors World History

VOCABULARY Cavalry – a unit of soldiers who ride horses.

The Persian empire was known for their use of cavalry, helping to make them so victorious in battle

Hellenistic – Greek-like - when a cultural idea is heavily influenced by Greek ideas (Example – cities of Alexandria created by Alexander.)

Alliance – agreement to work together – as in the Persian Wars

Parthenon – Great temple in Athens dedicated to the goddess Athena. Commissioned by Pericles after the Persian Wars.

VOCABULARY Phalanx – A square fighting formation –

commonly used by Alexander & Sparta Satraps – Governors in the Persian empire

that ruled provinces for the king Helots – Slaves in Sparta – made up majority

of population & heavily relied upon Parthenon – Great temple in Athens

dedicated to the goddess Athena. Commissioned by Pericles after the Persian Wars.

PEOPLE TO KNOW Cyrus the Great – Rebelled against the Medes

to create the Persian Empire. Known for letting others keep their customs to help prevent rebellions

Darius I – Leader of the Persians when Greek mainland city-states sent help to the Ionian city-states. Leader during the Battle of Marathon

PEOPLE TO KNOW Xerxes I – the son of Darius. Was the leader of the

Persian Wars during the battles of Thermopylae, Salamis & Plataea. Set up his golden throne to watch the Battle of Salamis – which he lost, forcing him to retreat to Persia

Alexander the Great – Macedonian King – came to power after his father was murdered. Helped to create the largest empire in the world at that point. Never lost a battle. Died at age 32 from malaria.

Philip of Macedonia – Father of Alexander the Great. Conquered the Greek city-states.

PEOPLE TO KNOW Aristotle –Student of Plato- Best known for teaching

Alexander the Great – art of thinking/reason – which helped prepare for battle

Plato – Student of Socrates – best known for creating a school for scientists & philosophers to discuss ideas

Socrates – Athenian Philosopher who thought his students to question everything – including the gods. Was then sentenced to death for doing so.

Euclid – Studied Geometry – many geometry rules used today were crated by him

BATTLES OF THE PERSIAN WARS Battle of Marathon –

490 BCE Persians want revenge for city-states helping the

rebelling Ionian Greeks. Athens asks Sparta for help – they said no due to

a religious festival Athens out numbered 2 to 1 Due to better weapons & plans – Athens wins! Outcome – Persians will want revenge

BATTLES OF THE PERSIAN WARS Battle of Thermopylae –

Persians are seeking revenge for Battle of Marathon Led by Xerxes – brings at least 250,000 men This is led by the Spartans – hold them off at the

narrow pass – until a traitor tells them away around the mountains

Spartans fight to their death Persians win and march on to Athens & burn it down Greeks are motivated to fight back

BATTLES OF THE PERSIAN WARS Battle of Salami –

Athenians had earlier built up their Navy Athenian Themistocles wants to fight in the narrow

straights Tricks Xerxes into battle Xerxes sets up gold throne to watch Little Athenian ships destroy the large Persian ships

because the large ships can’t maneuver Win for Greece! Xerxes must return to Persia

BATTLES OF THE PERSIAN WARS Battle of Plataea

Fought by a united Greek front and left over Persians Greece Wins! This ends the Persian Wars Defeat humiliating for Persians, but not a major loss Greeks save their homeland!

SHORT ANSWER1. The Medes2. He is upset because the mainland Greeks helped

out the revolting Ionian Greeks.3. Darius and Xerxes were both Persian leaders that

fought against the Greek city-states.4. Age 605. Spartan life revolved around the military.

Everything that was done, was done for the good of the “state.” Focus was on obedience and structure.

SHORT ANSWER1. Spartan life revolved around the military.

Everything that was done, was done for the good of the “state.” Focus was on obedience and structure. Women had more freedom b/c men were away at war. Boys left at age 7 to receive military training.

2. In Athens, more focus was put on intellectual study. Boys did have some military training, but more focus was put on reading, writing, speaking & the arts. Girls received little/no education and women had very little rights.

3. Live in Athens or Sparta? You explain!

SHORT ANSWER1. Alexander’s troops refused to go on and fight –

forcing Alexander to turn around and head home2. He died of malaria – a disease commonly from a

mosquito3. After Alexander died he left his empire to “the

strongest”1. It was split between 3 top generals

1. King of Macedonia/Greece2. King of Syria3. King of Egypt – Ptolemy

4. So many of Greek achievements are important because they are so long lasting and influence our art, architecture, philosophy, and government.

5. The Peloponnesian War – fought mainly between Sparta & Athens weakened the city-states and left them open for invasion from the Macedonians