2/4 & 2/5 ~ Origins of the Cold War

Icebreaker ~ Primary Source Analysis: Answer the following sample Paper I Questions on a SEPARATE sheet

of paper!!!!

Reminder: INTERNAL ASSESSMENT DUE 2/13 & 2/14 2 HARD COPIES, 1 EMAILED TO ME

The Origins of the Cold WarAccording to this cartoon, how did the Cold

War start?

What is a Cold War???Term used to describe the tension between

the USA & USSR between 1945 & & 1991. Term was popularized by US journalist Walter Lippmann in 1946-1947

50 year struggle between two rival states – US vs. USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) and their allies: West vs. East…2 remaining superpowers after WWII

The two main protagonist never actually fought each other directly (did drive economic & foreign policy)

Contest developed between the two (not always scene as a contest between equals)

Cold War Long Term Overview1941 – 45: Co-operation in WWII ~ USA & USSR work

together to defeat Germany1946 – 53: The First Cold War ~ disagreements between

USA & USSR over Germany & E. Europe and the developing nuclear arms race lead to growing tensions

1954 – 68: Fluctuating Relations: Relations between the two superpowers go through a period of antagonism and retreat

1969 – 79: Détente: Period in which the USA & USSR reach several agreements in an effort to avoid a war

1979 – 85: Second Cold War: Relations decline again over developments in the Developing World and nuclear weapons although a stalemate is reached

1985 – 91 Final Stages of the Cold War: A New period of co-operation, ending with the break – up of the Soviet Union

Origins of the Cold War Coexistence with other political & social

system was impossibleIntense Arms RaceAlly themselves with regimes and movements

that went along with their stated political ideology and beliefs

Intense Propaganda ~ West depict USSR as a totalitarian equivalent of Nazi Germany while USSR painted capitalism as warmongering system

Rivalry between economic & political rivals but attempts at détente (thaw)A retreat from the all out arms raceRepeated public calls for peaceA pursuit of agreed levels of armament (limits

set on the arms race)Greater tolerance of the other social order, and

more accurate info.Agreements on the Developing World & Europe Attempts by the West to extricate itself from

developing confrontations in Developing WorldLooser emigration controls on the Eastern Bloc

The Rival Camps ~ Political & Military Alliances NATO ~ North

Atlantic Treaty Organization – Military alliance organized by the West in response to the perceived threat from the Soviet Union, following its takeover of E. Europe

Warsaw Pact – This was the defensive military alliance formed six years after the formation of NATO. Established after W. Germany was allowed to join NATO & rearm in 1955. This alarmed the USSR prompting an alliance with its satellite states in E. Europe

Iron Curtain

Term used to describe the boundary between cap capitalist W. Europe and communist E. Europe. As the Cold War intensified, the frontiers – especially in Germany – became physical & visible to both sides

Hot War & Third World ‘Hot War was

avoided between US & USSR but both sides were keen to establish alliances

Third World ~ First used to describe those countries in the Americas, Asia, & Africa that were economically underdeveloped.

First World ~ economically advanced, capitalist states in Europe & US

Second World ~ Mainly E. Europe in the communist block

Features / Reasons of Cold War Russian Menace ~

Russian expansionism & Soviet communism, which west struggled to contain

US Imperialism ~ US spreading capitalism around the world and willing to use military force to achieve objectives

West – West Conflict Theory ~ US used Soviet Union as a smokescreen to place blame for problems and US need to “help” and develop W. Europe, Japan, & Asia to prevent these areas to falling under the ‘evil empire’

Features / Reasons of Cold War Historic conflict between

capitalism & communismSuperpower Theory

US ~ economy grew during WWII and was a global superpower

USSR ~ despite advances under Stalin during the 1930’s country was set back by Nazi invasion during WWII - Regional Superpower

Arms Race- Nuclear Weapons

North – South Divide ~ series of conflicts between US & USSR over control of weaker countries

Ideals of Capitalism & CommunismCapitalism

Business privately owned & run by individuals, families or companies

Not restricted by stateFree competitionWealth created by

companies & wealthy individuals will create new jobs & trickle down to benefit the poorer sections of society

CommunismClassless societyEqual chances &

opportunityMost important

parts of economy should be controlled by state or local councils

Cold War & United Nations Roosevelt & Churchill signed the Atlantic

Charter in 1941 prior to US entry into WWII & desired a organization to replace the League of Nations = United Nations

During Cold War both superpowers used their place in UN Security Council (US, USSR, Britain, China, & France) & their allies in the General Assembly to block decisions they didn’t like, and to protect their allies

Truman Doctrine (Containment)Containment: U.S policy to

stop the spread of Communism

Truman DoctrineGave economic and military

aid to Greece and TurkeyNew national security

organizations set-up CIA NSC (National Security

Council)

The Marshall PlanGeorge Marshall (Secretary of

State)Economic assistance to rebuildEconomic Recovery Program

(ERP) Offered to all nations in Europe Grants and loans Eastern nations EXCEPT

Czechoslovakia rejected loansSoviets replaced Czech govt.

Viewed as “dollar imperialism”

Exit Card What were 3 origins of the Cold War?Define NATODefine Warsaw PactWhat was US policy toward Communism?What was the Marshall Plan?What was the Truman Doctrine?