18 origins of the cold war
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ORIGINS OF THE COLD ORIGINS OF THE COLD WARWAR
1945-19591945-1959
![Page 2: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Cold WarThe Cold War
• battle of diplomacy, propaganda and nerves– not a direct confrontation
• world divided into three sides after WW II…
![Page 3: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Soviet Union (USSR) • Russia leader of the communist world• vowed to spread communism
![Page 4: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
United States• leader of the free world• vowed to contain communism
![Page 5: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Third World (developing nations) Third World (developing nations) Cold War battlegroundCold War battleground
AsiaAsia Africa and the Africa and the Middle EastMiddle East
Latin Latin AmericaAmerica
![Page 6: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Self DeterminationSelf Determination
– All countries would have the right of self determination
– Democracy or Communism in nations that had been under Nazi rule
– Stalin had agreed to allow free elections in Eastern Europe
![Page 7: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Soviets refused free elections in Eastern Europe after WW II– installed communist
governments – became known as
“satellite nations”• countries dominated
by USSR
![Page 8: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Churchill says an “Iron Curtain” has descended across the continent– referring to Soviet control of Eastern Europe– no news allowed in or out of Soviet controlled
territory
![Page 9: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Truman Doctrine-1947Truman Doctrine-1947
• main goal was to help free nations resist the spread communism– initially helped
Greece and Turkey
![Page 11: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
U.S. adopt a U.S. adopt a “containment “containment policy”policy”
• keep communism from spreading– foundation of U.S. foreign policy for next
50 years
• The Marshall Plan - 1948– economic aid to Europe/rebuild Europe– over 3 years $13 billion sent to Europe– offered to Russia, but refused
![Page 12: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
HAMBURG IN 1947
HAMBURG IN1952
EFFECTS OF THE
MARSHALL PLAN
![Page 16: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Berlin Airlift-1948Berlin Airlift-1948
• Germany divided into 4 sectors after WW II– Berlin in East
Germany
• Allies wanted to reunite Germany
• Stalin did not– Wanted Berlin to
himself
![Page 18: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Soviets tried to isolate Berlin by setting up a blockade
• U.S., Britain flew in tons of goods everyday for a year
• Soviets end blockade in 1949
![Page 19: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
August 1949August 1949
• Soviet Union develops the Atomic Bomb
![Page 25: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
1949 – Chinese Revolution1949 – Chinese Revolution• communists win control of China• seen as proof that communists wanted to
dominate the world
![Page 26: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
1949 - U.S. creates NATO1949 - U.S. creates NATONorth Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization
• U.S. and 15 European countries pledge to defend each other
![Page 30: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Soviets create the Soviets create the Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact, , 19551955
• USSR plus 7 Eastern European countries form military alliance
![Page 31: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Korean War, 1950-1953Korean War, 1950-1953
• Korea was divided after WW II– At the 38th parallel– North - communist– South - free, democratic
• June, 1950 North Korea invades South Korea
![Page 33: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
1st weeks were grim1st weeks were grim
• U.S. almost pushed out of Korea– South Korean and
US Army forces were pushed back to city of Pusan
![Page 34: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
• Marines land at Inchon– behind North Korean
lines
• North Koreans begin withdrawal
• U.N. forces push into North Korea
• Nov. 27, 1950 Chinese troops attack– drove U.N. troops back
to 38th parallel
![Page 35: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
MacArthur and Truman disagreed how to MacArthur and Truman disagreed how to wage the warwage the war
• eventually MacArthur is fired
• returned home as a hero– 1st time back in
States since WW II ended
![Page 36: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
• War continued back and forth until 1953– Stalemate
• Armistice signed in 1953 maintaining the status quo
![Page 37: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
THE WAR IN KOREA TURNED INTO A STALEMATE RESEMBLING WORLD WAR I TRENCH WARFARE.
![Page 38: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Korean War MemorialKorean War Memorial
![Page 39: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Two Nations Live on the EdgeTwo Nations Live on the Edge
• H-Bomb tested on Pacific island, Nov. 1952 because Russia now had the A-bomb – 150 times more powerful then A-Bomb– island disappeared
• within one year USSR had one
• arms race begins
![Page 40: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
President relied heavily on CIA for information President relied heavily on CIA for information spy organization, intelligence gatheringspy organization, intelligence gathering
![Page 43: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
New Leadership in USSRNew Leadership in USSR
• Stalin dies in 1953
• Replaced by Nikita Khrushchev
![Page 44: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
BrinkmanshipBrinkmanship
• Containment Policy changed by President Eisenhower – go to edge of all out nuclear war– massive retaliation from now on
• prepared for all-out nuclear war with USSR– no more limited wars like Korea
![Page 45: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Nuclear War DrillsNuclear War Drills
• air raid drills
![Page 48: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Bert the Turtle – commercials, comic books Bert the Turtle – commercials, comic books (duck and cover)(duck and cover)
![Page 49: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Built emergency shelters in back Built emergency shelters in back yardyard
![Page 51: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Nuclear Naivism
![Page 53: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Russians Launch First SatelliteRussians Launch First Satellite
• Sputnik I– Oct. 4, 1957– Russians first in
space
![Page 56: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
America’s Space programAmerica’s Space program
• First 100 attempts to launch satellite a failure
• Jan. 31,1958 we finally launch our own satellite– Explorer I
![Page 57: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Cold War at HomeCold War at HomeRed Scare, part IIRed Scare, part II
• concern about communism overseas caused a fear of communism at home
• Loyalty Review Board created in 1947– investigated government employees
• 3.2 million investigated from 1947-1951• dismissed those found disloyal
– 212 dismissed,
• 2,900 resigned
• Workers had to sign loyalty oaths to get a job
![Page 58: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
House of Unamerican Activities Committee House of Unamerican Activities Committee (HUAC)(HUAC)
• investigated communist influence in the movie industry
• “Blacklist” started by movie producers– kept approximately 500 people from working
![Page 59: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Hollywood 10 - refused to cooperate, felt Hollywood 10 - refused to cooperate, felt hearings were unconstitutionalhearings were unconstitutional
sent to prisonsent to prison
![Page 60: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Spy TrialsSpy Trialstwo spy cases added to feartwo spy cases added to fear
• Alger Hiss, 1948– State Dept. official– accused by former
communist spy– claimed to have
documents proving he was a spy
• Hiss claimed documents were forged
• not convicted of spying, but was for perjury– Lying about documents
![Page 62: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, 19501950
• Members of American Communist Party
• Implicated by British scientist who admitted giving the secrets to the Soviets
• convicted of selling atomic bomb secrets
• executed in 1953 for espionage– 1st civilians to be
executed for espionage
![Page 63: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Senator Joe McCarthySenator Joe McCarthy
• 1954, claimed communists infiltrated American life– was in the military
and government• investigation was
televised– accusations got
wilder• succeeded in ruining
many careers, reputations
• never found a spy
![Page 64: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
• America saw witnesses being “bullied”– turned against
McCarthy• Senate censors
him for improper conduct
![Page 65: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
• to label someone’s activities as McCarthyism would be to suggest that the person is making unsupported accusations
• 1953– 39 States had laws making it illegal to
advocate violent overthrow of Government– steps were taken to clean out radical, un-
American/disloyal workers
• 1957– Supreme Court, Yates vs. U.S., said that
believing or teaching an idea, even revolution, is not a crime
![Page 66: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Gary Powers and the U-2 IncidentGary Powers and the U-2 Incident• Shot down over Russia May 1, 1960• Held for 2 years in Russian prison• Exchanged for Russian Spy on Feb. 10, 1962
![Page 67: 18 Origins Of The Cold War](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54b9edf34a79591b6a8b45d4/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
May 1960: the U-2 incident
Powers