22.2 solar energy and the atmosphere. what happens to incoming solar radiation? 1.scattered...
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22.2 Solar Energy and the Atmosphere
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What happens to incoming solar radiation?
1. Scattered2. Reflected3. Absorbed
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Scattering
• Clouds, dust, and water vapor scatter sunlight.
• Causes rays to travel in all directions without changing wavelength.
• Makes sky appear blue!
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Why is the sky red/orange at sunrise and sunset?
• Sunlight travels through a longer path in the atmosphere.
• Blue light gets scattered away first (short wavelength) and red is left (long wavelength).
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Reflection• Albedo- the
fraction of solar radiation that is reflected by a surface.
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Absorption
1. Short wavelength IR comes in
2. Earth absorbs short wavelength IR and readmits it as a longer wavelength IR
3. Some escapes back to space
4. Some IR is absorbed by gasses in atmosphere (CO2, Water Vapor, NOx, CH4 )and sends it back to earth
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Global Warming
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What causes changes in temperature?
1. Time of Day• Warmest hours of day are mid to late afternoon.• Earth needs time to absorb sunlight and reradiate it as
heat.
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2. Latitude 3. Season
• More direct rays equal warmer temperatures
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4. Amount of Water Vapor• Mountains are warm during
day but cold at night due to thinner air with less water vapor
• Deserts are warm during day and cold at night
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5. Located near water• Have more moderate
temperatures.• Cooler during day and
warmer at night.
6. Wind Patterns• Land that gets a breeze
from the ocean will be cooler than a breeze from over land