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Measures in IMO and impact on theshi buildin Industr

3rd ASEF in China,

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,

#3 ASEF in Shanghai 1t .

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BackgroundCircumstance of Global Warmin

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The Second IMO GHG Study 2009

International shipping emitted 870 million tonnes (approx. 2.7% of theglobal total.

emissions rate by 25% to 75% below the current levels.

In the absence of global policies to control GHG emissions, theemissions could increase between 150% to 250% by the year 2050 dueo e expec e grow n n erna ona ra e.

4#3 ASEF in ShanghaiSource: IMO MEPC59/INF.10

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Seaborne Transport & World GDP

Seaborne Transport

3

3.5

30,000

35,000

1 9 8 5 )

b i l l i o n ]

2

2.5

20,000

25,000

m p a r e

d t o

n s p o r t

[ 1

1

1.5

10 000

15,000

G D P ( c o

b o r n e T r a

0.55,000 W o r

l S e

1 9 8 5

1 9 8 6

1 9 8 7

1 9 8 8

1 9 8 9

1 9 9 0

1 9 9 1

1 9 9 2

1 9 9 3

1 9 9 4

1 9 9 5

1 9 9 6

1 9 9 7

1 9 9 8

1 9 9 9

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 1

2 0 0 2

2 0 0 3

2 0 0 4

2 0 0 5

2 0 0 6

2 0 0 7


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Outline of CO 2 Emissions Regulation

easures n s


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Outline of CO 2 Emissions Regulation Measures in IMO

Market Based MeasuresHow to Reduce ?How to Reduce ?

CO 2 Emission (g) Transportation (ton-mile) x Emission Efficiency (g /ton-mile)

A Reduce the amount of

Transportation Affect Sea tradeMBI: Market- Based Instrument

mprove c encyB-1 TECHNICALB-2 OPERATIONAL

(ETS)Global Contribution Scheme (Levy)Other

EEDIEEDIBB--1 TECHNICAL1 TECHNICAL

SEEMPSEEMPBB--2 OPERATIONAL2 OPERATIONAL

((EEnergynergy EEfficiencyfficiency DDesignesign IIndex)ndex)Performance at the stage of design and

construction by ;

((SShiphip EEnergynergy EEfficiencyfficiency MManagementanagement PPlan)lan)Performance improvement in operation by ;

Onboard Management planOnboard Management plan Calculating attained EEDICalculating attained EEDI Verifying EEDIVerifying EEDI Reduce Required EEDI step by stepReduce Required EEDI step by step

MonitoringMonitoring EEOIEEOI EEnergynergy EEfficiencyfficiencyOOperationalperational IIndicator ndicator

7#3 ASEF in ShanghaiTechnical & Operational Measures MEPC Circulars

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Technical & Operational Measures ; EEDI, EEOI & SEEMP

o n

Design&Construction Operation

2 E m

i s s

i

EEOIEEOI

, ,maintenance, Optimum trim and draft etc.

CEEDIEEDI EEnergynergy EEfficiencyfficiency

OOperationalperational IIndicator ndicator SEEMPSEEMPnergynergy c encyc ency

DDesignesign IIndexndexPerformance of the

the effort in operation

FuelFuel (ave(ave..)) xx CC

SShiphip EEnergynergyEEfficiencyfficiencyMMana ementana ement.

CargoCargo DistanceDistance(g/ton(g/ton--mile)mile)==

PPlanlan

CapacityCapacity VsVs

EEDIEEDI

(g/ton(g/ton--mile)mile)==

8#3 ASEF in ShanghaiDelivery

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How to use Technical & Operational MeasuresIn Case of New Ship

OperationSea TrialConstructionDesign

1. EEDI

2. Verification VerifiedEEDI

CalculateEEDI

VerifiedEEDI

PlanningPlanning3. SEEMP ImprovementImprovement

MonitoringMonitoring4. EEOI

ec n ca an opera ona measures ; eve ope n .Trial purposes or Voluntary Implementation

1. Interim Guidelines on the method of calculation of the EEDI (MEPC.1/Circ.681)2. Interim Guidelines for voluntary verification of the EEDI (MEPC.1/Circ. 682)3. Guidance for the development of a SEEMP (MEPC.1/Circ. 683)


. . .

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Concept of Maritime Emission Trading Scheme (ETS)

Ship AShipping Sector

Ship B n s

E m

i s s

i

e m e n

tExcess

S e c

t o

C r e

d i t s

Allowance

C u r r e n

t

I m p r o v

O t h e

B u yurp us

A f t e

-> Buy the credits -> sell the credits

If total allowance for the shipping sector total is small,

1 0#3 ASEF in Shanghai

pp ng ec or s ou purc ase cre s con nuous y

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Concept of Global Contribution Scheme (Levy)

( per unit fuel)( per unit fuel) Mitigation and Adaptation projectsR&D on low emission shipsIMO Technical Coo eration

GHGGHGFundFund

RefundRefund Human resource developmentInvestment on Infrastructure

Evaluated by EEOI records

capability

Leveraged Incentive for Efficiency Contributing to the adaptation of mprovemenThe effort will be rewarded by refund

eve op ng coun r es an oinvestment to reduce CO2 emission


(MEPC 59/4/34)

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Current Status (MEPC59) and Future Plan

Legal Instrument ; Defer consideration of all documents addressing the typeof legal instrument and application issues, when the issues could be

.,Market-based measures ; agreed work plan;

MEPC 60 to consider, on the basis of further detailed outlines of possiblemar et- ase measures, t e met o o ogy an cr ter a or eas tystudies and impact assessments.MEPC 61 to clearly indicate which market-based measure the Committeewishes to evaluate further MEPC 62 to report its progress to the 27th Assembly

Position of IMO An re ulator scheme should be develo ed and enactedby IMO

Mitigation and Adaptation ; Greater part of any funds by MBI to be used for climate chan e ur oses in develo in countries eneral reference


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EEDI; Energy Efficiency Design Index

Reduction due to innovative technologyEmissionFormula of EEDI ; Interim Guidelines for New Ships(MEPC.1/Circ.681)

from M/E from Aux. Engine from Shaft Motor

P ME , P AE Power of main and auxiliary engines P Power consum tion of each shaft motor

P AEeff Main engine power reduction due to innovative mechanical energy efficient technology P eff Auxiliary power reduction due to innovative electrical energy efficient technology

, A non- mens ona convers on ac or e ween ue consump on anemission based on carbon content. (Table given)

SFC ME , SFC AE certified specific fuel consumption of main and auxiliary engines

fj : correction factor to account for ship specific design elements (for ice-class, table given) fi : the capacity factor for any technical/regulatory limitation on capacity (for ice-class, table given) fw : non-dimensional coefficient indicating the decrease of speed in BF6. ( =1.0 )


feff : availability factor of each innovative energy efficiency technology.(=1.0 for waste energyrecovery system)

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Major Outstanding issues on EEDIFormulation ; Still matured ?Type of the vessel ; Dominant Ship Type Only ?

AUXILIARY

Turbine Propulsion, Diesel Electric Propulsion , Hybrid Propulsion

Electric Power Table ; Can be verified ?ENGINES

THRUSTERS

CARGO PUMPS

. .Correction Factor ; For CSR, additional Safety measuresAvailability Factor (feff) ; How to define ?

CARGO GEAR

BALLAST PUMPS

SWITCH BOARD available ?

REEFERS

P AE

u e nes wou e rev ewe y r a use.

DIESEL-ELECTRICPROPULSION SHAFT

MOTOR P PTIWASTE HEAT

RECOVERY P AEeff

MAIN ENGINE PSHAFT POWER

P S

MAIN ENGINEPUMPS (2.5% P ME)

SHAFTGENERATOR P PTO


ACCOMMODATION(250 kW)

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Formula for Establishing EEDI Baseline

Basic Concept of Regression Formula (Proposed by Denmark MEPC58/4/8)Exponential Regression to be applied for new vessels built in last 10 years

Lloyds Register Fairplays database is used currentlyHowever, comments are raised regarding computation method, database accessibility,integrity and interpretation, etc.Concerns are expressed about the effect of new rules (CSR, NOx Tier2), penalizationof safety equipment / facilities in excess of rule requirement, voluntarily

ps w c as on- onvent onapropulsion system (Steam Turbine,Electric-Diesel) need furtherconsiderationParameters should be decided intransparent manner within IMO


Source: IMO MEPC58/4/8

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Verification of EEDIInterim Guidelines for Voluntary Verification (MEPC.1/Circ.682) ;

Two stages ; Preliminary at design, and Final at Sea Trial

Technical File ; DWT, MCR, SFC, Power Curve, etc.

Speed ; verified by Model Test at design stage and by Sea Trial in final, .

Additional Information ; Detail Report of model test, Lines, Calculation Process, Model-Ship correlation, Lightweight (To protect shipbuilders confidential information, it should be

.

Sea Trial ; Verifier attend. Measurementand Analysis method should be verified

.

Guidelines would be reviewed by trial use.

1 7#3 ASEF in ShanghaiBasic Flow of Verification Process

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EEOI ; Energy Efficiency Operating Indicator

Guidelines for Voluntary use(MEPC.1/Circ.684);

EEOI = [Mass of CO 2] (t) / [Transportation Work] (ton-mile)

Represents Operation Efficiency over a consistent period (trading pattern)

When it applies voyages in some period, it gives average EEOI (Rolling Average)

CO 2 Indicator Report (example) EEOI Improvement comparing Rolling Average

Period 1:= . Period 2:

Average = 87.3

Monitoring on a regular basis and verified by internal audits

VoyageSource ; MEPC 59/4/34


under ISM Code.

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SEEMP ; Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan

Guidance for the Development of SSEMP(MEPC.1/Circ.683);Documentation for establish internal mechanism to improve Energy EfficiencyLinked to Corporate Energy Management Policy (EMS)4-Steps;

1. Planning2. Implementation3. Monitoring4. Self-Evaluation and Improvement

Goal Setting ; voluntary (no need to announce to the public)Best Practice for Energy Efficient Operation could be selected

Information on Described on SSEMP1. Measures to improve Energy Efficiency

.3. Goal (measurable)4. Procedures of Evaluation


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CO 2 Emission Reduction Technologies


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Reduction Measures of EEDI

DWT is a parameter of Required EEDI formula.

E D I

Size Up can reduce EEDI, but it is not soeffective than Speed Down or New Technology.

However, E

Size Up is still one of the choice to reduce CO2!

Speed Down

Improvement by New Technology

2 1#3 ASEF in Shanghai DWT

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Efficiency Improvement Scenario

Speed reduction/EnlargementSpeed reduction/Enlargement Application of New technologyApplication of New technology

New shipNew ship (MEPC 59/INF.27)

Change SPEC Introduce New technologies

Implementation of case study

Contract 2012-2016 2017-2021 2022-2026 2027-2031 2032-2036

Efficiency Improvement Scenario of New ships

e very - - - - -Bulk/General Cargo 25% 40% 45% 50% 50%

Tanker 35% 40% 55% 55% 55%VLCC 40 50 60 60 60

Container 35% 45% 55% 65% 70%

Existing shipExisting ship


10% speed reduction (as to container ships, 15% speed reduction)

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Estimated Efficiency Improvement for new ships

Present2012-2017 2022-2027

Note2015-2020 2025-2030

- in the case of Panamax Bulker

Speed &

Size

Speed (kt) 14.0 12.6 (10.0%dwn) 12.5 (10.7%dwn) Min.12.5kt

DWT 83,000 91,300 (15.0%up) 99,500 (20.0%up)

- -. . . . .

wave making resistance

CRP

NewTech.

Low Resistance Rudder N/A

Stern Shape N/A Spray Prevention N/A Air Lubrication N/A Multi Shafts N/A

Improvement 9.95% 31.44%

New technolo ies indicated above are exam les.

EEDI 3.72 2.65 (- 28.8%) 1.93 (-48.2%)

(Details in MEPC 59/INF.27)


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Projection of CO2 Emission A1B Base)

5000

CO2(million ton)

4000

45002050:2050: 4817Mt 2363Mt4817Mt 2363Mt2453Mt reduction2453Mt reduction 4949 ))

New TechnologiesNew Technologies

3000

3500

2040:2040: 2978Mt 1747Mt2978Mt 1747MtApplied step by stepApplied step by step

1500

2000

2500 re uc onre uc on

500

1000

Emissions from Existing ShipsEmissions from Existing Ships

CO2 emissions fromCO2 emissions fromNew ShipsNew Ships

0

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 5

2 0 1 0

2 0 1 5

2 0 2 0

2 0 2 5

2 0 3 0

2 0 3 5

2 0 4 0

2 0 4 5

2 0 5 0

CY


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Projection of CO2 Emission B2 Base)

CO2(million ton)Example of new technologyExample of new technology

4000

4500

5000

New Technolo iesNew Technolo ies

3000

3500: :

1471Mt reduction1471Mt reduction 5050 ))

1500

2000

2500

854Mt reduction854Mt reduction 44 ))Applied step by stepApplied step by step

500

1000

CO2 emissions fromCO2 emissions fromNew Shi sNew Shi s

0

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 5

2 0 1 0

2 0 1 5

2 0 2 0

2 0 2 5

2 0 3 0

2 0 3 5

2 0 4 0

2 0 4 5

2 0 5 0

CY


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Conclusion ; Impact on Shipbuilding Industry

Development of CODevelopment of CO 22 Emissions Regulation Measures is still in progress. and it should beEmissions Regulation Measures is still in progress. and it should bemanaged by IMO. Regulations should be transparent and eliminate escape route.managed by IMO. Regulations should be transparent and eliminate escape route.

nergy c ent ec no og es s e ect ve not on y aga nst o a arm ng ut a sonergy c ent ec no og es s e ect ve not on y aga nst o a arm ng ut a soShipping Economy.Shipping Economy.

Near Future, when Shipping Sector face the lack of Bunker Oil and its price increase,Near Future, when Shipping Sector face the lack of Bunker Oil and its price increase,price must be pushed by the demand for Low Sulfur Fuel (1,000$/t ?).price must be pushed by the demand for Low Sulfur Fuel (1,000$/t ?).

Cost Effective Technical Measures to reduce COCost Effective Technical Measures to reduce CO 22 emissions would be a lot and it is not aemissions would be a lot and it is not adream to achieve 50% reduction.dream to achieve 50% reduction.

It is obvious that Shipping is the most energy efficient transportation mode in the world.It is obvious that Shipping is the most energy efficient transportation mode in the world.

Shipbuilding industry should continue the efforts to develop new technologies to reduceShipbuilding industry should continue the efforts to develop new technologies to reduce /eliminate CO /eliminate CO 2,2, which support sustainable growth of shipping industry.which support sustainable growth of shipping industry.

NYK Super ECO SHIP 2030 http://www.nyk.com/english/csr/envi/ecoship.htm

2 6#3 ASEF in ShanghaiHybrid CRP POD PropulsionSolar Panel Air Lubrication System

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