20c china: the road to communism
DESCRIPTION
20c China: The Road to Communism. Dr. Sun Yixian (1866 – 1925). (Dr. Sun Yat-sen). Chinese Warlords, 1920s. Yuan Shi-kai. China in 1924. Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary. (Mao Tse-tung). Jiang Jieshi Becomes President of Nationalist China, 1928. (Chiang Kai-shek). The Long March - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Dr. Sun Yixian (1866 – 1925)
(Dr. Sun Yat-sen)
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Chinese Warlords, 1920s
Yuan Shi-kai
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China in 1924
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Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary
(Mao Tse-tung)
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Jiang Jieshi Becomes President of Nationalist China, 1928
(Chiang Kai-shek)
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The Long March
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Overview (write this):
• Agricultural society• Corrupt warlords took over after the
dynasties fell• Chiang Kai-Shek (nationalist) takes
power• Long March (communists gaining
support)• Japan begins invading China
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Japanese Aggression, 1931 - 1945
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Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai.
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Japanese Soldiers March into Nanking
December 9, 1937
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Dates to Remember:
• 1937-Japan invaded China• 1939-Germany invaded Poland
(official start of WWII)• 1941-Pearl Harbor was bombed
and we entered the war• 1945-atomic bombing of Japan—
war ends
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Overview:
• WWII ends• China realizes that their leader was
wimpy• Communism spreads• Chiang Kai-Shek moves to Taiwan
to start “The New, Real China” (he was nuts)
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More to write:
• Domino Theory (fear of the spread of communism)
• Containment Policy (to follow)—don’t let it spread!
• Fact: the U.S. didn’t acknowledge Communist China until 1972! We still tried to support Chiang Kai-Shek until then
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The Peoples’ Liberation Army, 1949
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The Communist Victory
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Taiwan: The Republic of China
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The People’s Republic of China
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Reasons for the Communists’ Success
► Mao won support of peasants – land
► Mao won support of women
► Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics
► Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt
► Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China.
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Great Leap Forward, 1958► 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry
► Communese Groups of people who live and work together
e Property held in common e Had production quotas
► Failed due to poor quality of products, poor weather hurt agriculture
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Communist China Under Mao
► Industrialized China► Increased literacy► Class privileges ended► Rural Chinese received health care
► One-party dictatorship► Denied people basic rights and freedoms
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Mao, Panchen Lama, Dalai Lama
in Beijing, 1954► Tibet --> an
autonomous area.
► Dalai Lama fled in the late 1950s to India.
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A Campaign Against the “FOUR OLDS”
► Old Thoughts
► Old Culture
► Old Customs
► Old HabitsTo Rebel Is Good!
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Communist China Under Mao
► Designed to renew revolutionary spirit and establish a more equitable society
► Mao wanted to put “intellectuals” in their place
► Schools shut down – students revolted
► Red Guards – students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers
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A Red Guard
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Red Guards March to Canton
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With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word
'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the
word 'Usefulness'. (1968)
Cult of Personality
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The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us
togetherZhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective,
1968
Mao’s Little Red Book
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Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and into the thick of
struggle!1967-1972
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Propaganda Poster
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“Ping-Pong Diplomacy”: U. S. Players at Great Wall,
1971
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Mao Meets President Nixon, 1972
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Power Struggle
Modernists
Communist Traditionalist
s
Zhou Enlai
“The Gang of Four”: Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang Hongwen, Yao
Wenyuan
1976
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Deng Xiaoping (1905-1997)
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De-Maoization
► Agriculture
► Industry
► Science
► Defense
“The 4 Modernizations”
Progress in:
Class struggle was no longer the central focus!
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Gap Between Rich & Poor
Deng: If you open a window, some flies naturally get in!
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
More democracy!
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
Democracy—Our Common Ideal!
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
The“Goddess
ofDemocracy”
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Government Clamps Down
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
One Lone Man’s Protest
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Army Looks for Dissidents
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
Student Leaders Are Arrested
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
Chinese Students Mourn the Dead
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Reestablishment of Order
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What’s the Message Here?
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Demography
► may be no surer predictor of destiny than trade data. But of the two momentous changes championed by Deng Xiaoping a quarter-century ago, coercive population controls and experiments with market economics, the jury is still out on which will do more to shape China's long-term potential.
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Demography
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Demography
►There are too many retirees in China, and not enough young people to replace them.
►Think about it—WHY? You know this!
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Demography
► "The evidence is overwhelming that a large population of unmarried adult males is a risk factor for both crime and war," Ms. den Boer said in an interview. "The fact that China is an authoritarian country is another risk factor."