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China Under Communism

Geography 1002Joseph Naumann

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The Forbidden City remains a focal point of

cultural pride

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What if the world were a village?

What is The World Village Project?Imagine that this web page is a village. However, this villagerepresents the planet Earth. If we were to reduce the worldpopulation to a village of 1000 inhabitants with all existing humanratios remaining the same then, this would be our reality...Men and Woman520 Woman480 Men[Graph]Places of Origin584Asians 124 Africans 84Latin Americans 95 Eastern/Western Europeans55 Russians 52 North Americans 4 Australians 2New Zealanders [Graph]LanguageThe people of our web based village would have a great deal ofdifficulty communicating. This list only accounts for half of ourvillagers. The other half are made up of; Bengali, Portuguese,Indonesian, Japanese, German, French, and 200 other languages.165 Mandarin 86English 83Hindi 64Spanish 58Russian 37Arabic [Graph] Religion329 Christians178Moslems167non-religious132Hindus62Buddhists45atheists 3Jews86other[Graph]Age/Reproduction330 of the 1000 people in the village are children. Only 60 people are over the age of 65. Under half of the married women in the village have access tocontraceptive devices. 28 new babies are born each year Mortality165 of the 330 children are immunized against infections. 10 people die every year. 3 from lack of food. 1 from cancer. 2 are babies. 1 person in the village has HIV, but it has not developed intoAIDS. Life in Town200 people control 75% of the wealth. Another 200 receive only 2% of the wealth. 70 of the 1000 people own automobiles (But of those 70 someown more then one). About one-third of the people have access to clean, safedrinking water. 335 of the adults are illiterate. Land/HousingThe woodland in our village is decreasing rapidly, and thewasteland is growing. However, the other land areas are stable.The village has a total of 6,000 acres of land. 700 acres of cropland. 1400 acres of pasture. 1900 acres of woodland. 2000 acres of desert, tundra, pavement and other wasteland. On average each person has 6 acres of land. 800 would live in sub-standard housing. The village allocates 83% of its fertilizer to 40% of its cropland.That land is owned by the 270 richest and most well fed people inthe village. The remaining 60% of land, with 17% of the fertilizer,produces 28% of the food to feed the other 730 people. Theaverage grain yield on that land is one-third that of the land ownedby the rich people. [Graph]Misc. People5 Soldiers. 7 Teachers. 1 Doctor. 3 refuges from war 50 Lesbians, Gays and Bisexuals Rape130(1 in 4) of the women in the village have either beenraped, or suffered attempted rape. 1/4 of those women are under the age of 18. 80% of rape is committed by someone the victim knows. Only about 67 of these cases result in a conviction. 61% of all rape cases are victims less than 18 years old. BudgetThe village has an annual budget of $3 Million Dollars $181,000 goes to weapons and war $159,000 goes to education $132,000 goes to health care Each person's share would be $3000 [Graph]WeaponsWithin the borders of the village there are several holdings ofnuclear weapons. These weapons are controlled by less than 100 of the people. Our village has enough nuclear weaponry to destroy everyliving thing within the village 3 times. Education/ComputersLess than 10 people would have a college education 200 people can not read. 1 Person would have a computer That person is probably not connected to the internet Assuming there are about 20,000,000 people connected to theinternet .003 of them will ever visit this site!

Drugs200 of the people have tried marijuana once in their lives. 10% of the teenagers smoke marijuana on a daily basis. 47% of our teenagers smoke or chew tabacco (updated for1998) Interesting Facts(Sent in by readers)If I was to look at all the faces of the 6 billion (6*10**9)people in the world and they were contained in a book with0,1 thick pages, 10 people per page, on both sides of eachsheet: 1) the book will be 30 km thick 2) looking at 10 peopleevery second (one side of each sheet), 16 hours a day, willtake me 28 and a half years 3) by the time I finish, in the year2026, there will be 2 billion extra people to look at,contained in a brand new 10 km thick volume!--Carlos Triay(triay@arttic.fr) All of the world's current population fits in the state of Texas.Yup, all 6 billion people. And each gets about 500 square feet(50 square meters approximately) as his/her ownchunk.--Alex Wieder (tcs@tao.agoron.com) If all those people start queuing, each one occupying only onefoot, the queue would be very, very long, too. The humanityqueue would be about one million 680 thousands km (a littlemore than a million miles!) - approximately 42 tours aroundthe globe!!!--Cludio Kubrusly (clode@originet.com.br) What if the people of the world made a movie? If all sixbillion people made a movie, with only 15 seconds of footageper person: This is 6.75 meters (= 20 feet) of film to each person. There would be 40.5 millions km (= 25.3 million miles)of negative! The film would be 23,333,333 hours long. To watch this film it would take 972,222 days or 2thousands 661 years, 9 months and some days. (This iswithout sleeping, eating, or any other time-out). Current World PopulationThe world population is updated every 30 seconds GuestbookFeedback is the key to this site. Please leavecoments:Sign Guestbook Guestbook Archive 1 Guestbook Archive 2

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POPULATION DENSITY 2000 CE

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URBAN CHINA

360 MILLION CHINESE LIVE IN CITIES31% URBANIZEDLARGEST CITIES ARE INSIGNIFICANT ON A GLOBAL SCALEURBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AIR POLLUTION CONGESTION WATER POLLUTION

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Coastal Cities Are Booming

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ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

PROBLEMS STEMMED FROM THE STATE CONTROLLED ECONOMY.SERIOUS ENERGY SHORTAGETRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE POORLY DEVELOPEDPOPULAR RESISTANCE AND CHANGES IN CENTRAL POLICY HAVE WEAKENED CHINA’S POPULATION CONTROL PROGRAM.ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

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Disparity in Economic Output

Coastal areas are boomingWest Drier Less

population

More ethnically diverse

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REORGANIZATION UNDER COMMUNISM

1950s - 1976 COMMUNIST REGIME LAUNCHED MASSIVE PROGRAMS OF RECONSTRUCTION AND REFORM BASED ON THE SOVIET MODELLAND WAS EXPROPRIATED.FARMING WAS COLLECTIVIZED.INDUSTRIES WERE REORGANIZED AS STATE-OWNED COMMUNAL ENTERPRISES.EMPHASIS ON “HEAVY INDUSTRY”DRAMATIC SOCIAL CHANGES- EDUCATION, RELIGION, POPULATION GROWTH

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Social Effects of “Communism”

Increased opportunities for womenEducation for all – increased literacyState tried to replace the extended family as the source of security for individuals – the price of security has always been conformity Contact with other cultures was kept to a minimum until the era of Deng Xiaoping

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Mao Zedong’s Miscalculations

Great Leap Forward (Giant step backward) 1958-62 – Second Five-year Plan Backyard blast furnaces Communes

Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution 1966-69 To purge unacceptable elements from

leadership – eliminate Western influences Red Guard got out of control Economy was set back greatly

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ENERGY RESOURCES

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DENG XIAOPING ERA

TOOK POWER IN 1979 AS A “PRAGMATIC MODERATE”ATTEMPTED TO WED COMMUNIST POLITICAL RULE WITH CAPITALIST ECONOMIC PRACTICESOPENED CHINA TO FOREIGN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYPERMITTED STUDENTS TO STUDY ABROAD

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1989 Tiananmen SquareStudents demonstrated for increased levels of democracy in ChinaLeadership didn’t use force at first, so the demonstration grew in size and gained international attention Role of technology – fax machines, etc.

The Communist Party’s resolve to maintain absolute power prevailed and troops ended the demonstrationThe concept of democracy may not be dead

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Spring, 1989

Students mass in Tiananmen Square to call for greater democratization

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Goddess of Democracy: Symbol of Tiananmen Square

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Freedom callCrowd controlHunger strike

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Civilians Confront & Temporarily Stop the PLA

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Military Force Prevails

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10 year anniversary

HONG KONG MEMORIAL

BEIJING

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DENG XIAOPING

INTRODUCED ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION MEASURESDECENTRALIZED DECISION-MAKINGSHIFTED TO THE RESPONSIBILITY SYSTEM IN AGRICULTURECREATED SEZs, OPEN CITIES, OPEN COASTAL AREASATTEMPTED TO CREATE A “SOCIALIST MARKET ECONOMY”

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ECONOMIC INITIATIVESSPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES 5 SEZs ESTABLISHED; 3 IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE INVESTMENT INCENTIVES: LOW TAXES,

IMPORT/EXPORT REGULATIONS EASED, LAND LEASES SIMPLIFIED, ETC

OPEN CITIES INCLUDED 14 COASTAL CITIES SCALED BACK TO 4 CITIES NATIONAL INVESTMENT FOCUSED ON SHANGHAI

OPEN COASTAL AREAS ALSO DESIGNED TO ATTRACT FOREIGN

INVESTMENTS CONCENTRATED ALONG PACIFIC COAST DELTAS

AND PENINSULAS

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SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES

INVESTOR INCENTIVESLOW TAXESEASING OF IMPORT AND EXPORT REGULATIONSSIMPLIFIED LAND LEASESHIRING OF CONTRACT LABOR PERMITTEDPRODUCTS MAY BE SOLD IN FOREIGN MARKETS AND IN CHINA (UNDER CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS)LOCATION WAS PRIME CONSIDERATION

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CHINA’SECONOMIC

ZONES

• DISPARITY:•COASTAL CHINA

• INTERIOR CHINA

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Economic Development: The Golden CoastlineFrom the east to the west, it’s less developed

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OPEN CITIES

SIZEOVERSEAS TRADING HISTORYLINKS TO “OVERSEAS CHINESE”LEVELS OF INDUSTRIALIZATIONPOOL OF LOCAL TALENT AND LABORCONFINED TO COASTAL AREAS

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HONG KONGMEANS “FRAGRANT HARBOR”- AN EXCELLENT DEEP WATER PORTBOOMED DURING THE KOREAN WAR6 MILLION PEOPLE WITHIN 400 SQ MILESECONOMY IS LARGER THAN HALF OF THE WORLD’S COUNTRIES – Great benefit to China1 JULY 1997- BRITISH TRANSFERRED CONTROL TO CHINA– many businesses remained thereHONG KONG RENAMED XIANGGANGACQUIRED A NEW STATUS AS CHINA’S ONLY SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION (SAR)

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Industrial North: China’s Rust Belt

Formerly called Manchuria

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Shanghai and the Yangtze River

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Agriculture Remains Important: Rice in south & wheat in North

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China is becoming less, and less “Communist.”