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Testing Technician

cttpCenter for TrainingTransportation Professionals

∼ Refresher Info∼ Math / Conversions∼ Terminology

∼ Sampling∼ Where to sample∼ How to sample

∼ Reducing Samples∼ What size is required∼ Methods of reduction

∼ ARDOT Specifications∼ Standard

Specifications∼ Supplemental

Specifications

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∼ Test Methods∼ % Passing # 200 by

Washing∼ Sieve Analysis∼ Moisture Content

∼ Test Methods∼ % Deleterious Matter∼ % Crushed Particles∼ Organic Impurities∼ Specific Gravity

∼ Fine Aggregate∼ Coarse Aggregate∼ Absorption

∼ Written Exam∼ ≈ 60 Questions∼ Closed Book Exam∼ 2 Hour Time Limit∼ 70 % Overall

Required to Pass

∼ Results∼ www.cttp.org∼ Letter & Certification

∼ Performance Exam∼ 6 Exam Stations

∼ Fine Agg SpG∼ Coarse Agg SpG∼ Washing ∼ Sieve Analysis∼ Quartering / Splitting∼ Organic Impurities

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∼ 5 Year Certification

∼ To prevent expiration:∼ Take online Basic Aggregates Certification Renewal

course∼ Pass final quiz after all online modules are complete ∼ Cost - $0 (none)∼ Extends Basic Aggregates Certification 5 years

∼ If not completed prior to expiration date, other CTTP certifications will be suspended∼ Soils, Hot-Mix Asphalt, Concrete, Concrete Strength

Basic Math for Transportation – Covers symbols, order of operations, averaging, rounding, calculating percentages, conversions, using random numbers, and working with field stations.Basic Math for Aggregates – Covers moisture content, % passing # 200 sieve by washing, sieve analysis, specific gravity, and percent absorption.

If you need help with mathematical calculations, just ask. Your instructor will be happy to assist you.

If you need further practice or assistance, please see our website www.cttp.orgfor online training.

Help?

Mobile Accessible

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∼ Grouping∼ Parentheses ( )∼ Brackets [ ]

∼ Addition +∼ Subtraction -∼ Multiplication

∼ = = ( )( )∼ Division

∼ = = ( ⁄ )

∼ Equal =∼ Greater than >∼ Less than <∼ Greater than

or equal to ≥∼ Less than or

equal to ≤

∼ Order of Operations∼ (1st) – (parentheses)

or [brackets]∼ Work from the inside

out

∼ (2rd) – exponents (2³)(√4)

∼ (3th) – multiply & divide

∼ (4th) – add & subtract

∼ What’s the answer?∼ + =

a. 23 b. 48

∼ + =a. 23 b. 48

∼ ( ) =a. 0.2 b. 5

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∼ Percent (%) – a comparison of a portion to the whole

% = %∼ What % does the dark

portion represent?

∼ Convert to a percent∼ 0.362∼ 0.362 x 100% = 36.2%

∼ Convert to a decimal∼ 5.3 %∼ 5.3% / 100% = 0.053

% = %% = . % = %

∼ Unit Conversions∼ Weight / Mass

∼ 1 ton 2000 lb∼ 1 lb 453.6 g∼ 1 kg 1000 g

∼ Convert 15 lb to grams

. = ∼ Convert 6804 g to

pounds . =

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∼ Volume = length x width x depth

∼ 1 yd³ 27 ft³

∼ Unit Conversions∼ Length

∼ 1 yard 3 ft∼ 1 station 100 linear ft

∼ Area = length x width∼ 1 yd² 9 ft²

1 yd

1 yd

1 yd

1 yd

∼ Oven Dried∼ Dried to a constant

mass at a temperature of 230 ± 9 °F (110 ± 5 °C)

∼ Air Dried∼ Dried at a

temperature of ≤ 140 °F (60 °C)

∼ Constant Mass∼ The mass at which

additional drying of the sample would result in less than an additional 0.1% loss in mass% = ( ) %W1=Weight1(wet)W2 =Weight2(dry)

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Terminology

SieveA rigid frame surrounding a wire mesh material with square openings

Used to separate particles into individual sized fractions

∼ Sieve size is determined by the perpendicular distance between the parallel wires.

∼ U.S. (#) sieves ∼ Approximate number of

openings in one linear inch

U.S. (mm) U.S. (mm) U.S. (mm)

2” 50.0 # 4 4.75 # 50 0.3001 ½” 37.5 # 8 2.36 # 60 0.250

1” 25.0 # 10 2.00 # 80 0.180¾” 19.0 # 16 1.18 # 100 0.150½” 12.5 # 20 0.85 # 200 0.075

3/8” 9.5 # 30 0.60 # 325 0.045¼” 6.3 # 40 0.425 # 635 0.020

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∼ % Passing∼ The percentage of the

total material which will pass through the sieve

∼ % Retained∼ The percentage of the

total material which will be retained on top of the sieve

% Passing+ % Retained

100 %

∼ Maximum Aggregate Size (MAS)

∼

∼ ASTM C 125 - Smallest sieve opening through which the entire amount of aggregate is required to pass

∼ Smallest sieve opening size that 100 % of material passes

∼ What is the maximum aggregate size?

½”

¾”

1”

Sieve Spec1” 100¾” 65-100½” -#4 25-55

¾” 1”

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∼ Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size (NMAS)

∼

∼ ASTM C 125 - Smallest sieve opening through which the entire amount of aggregate is permitted to pass

∼ First sieve to retain any aggregate

∼ What is the nominal maximum aggregate size?

½”

1”

¾”

Sieve Spec1” 100¾” 65-100½” -#4 25-55

½” ¾”

∼ Coarse Aggregate∼ Most of material is

retained on the # 4 sieve

∼ Typically “Clean”∼ Gravels / Crushed Stone

∼ Fine Aggregate∼ Most of material

passes the # 4 sieve∼ “Clean” - Sands∼ “Dirty” - Screenings

Coarse FineFine & Coarse

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∼ Stations∼ Used to mark

distances along roadways

∼ 1 station = 100 linear feet

1 station100 feet

∼ Station 50 + 63∼ 50 stations + 63’ from start∼ (50 x 100’) + 63’∼ 5063’ from start

∼ Stations∼ Stations may be added

and subtracted to compute distances and locations

∼ Replace “+” sign with a decimal point when using a calculator

∼ Drop “+” sign for distance in feet

∼ Carry units over like ordinary

Start 17 + 35 : End 25 +79∼ What is the distance

in feet between the stations?

25 + 79 = 2579’- 17 + 35 = - 1735’

8 + 44 = 844’or

8.44 x 100 = 844’

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What is the distance in feet between stations 289 + 65 and 134 + 20?

What is the above distance in stations?

If you go 5,530 feet from station 134 + 20 toward station 289 + 65, what station number do you end up at?

∼ Random Sampling∼ Random numbers are

used to determine sample locations without bias

∼ Lot – an isolated quantity of material from a single source

∼ Sublot – a portion of a lot∼ Sample – a small portion

of a lot or sublot which represents that lot or sublot

∼ Single Source

Lot

Sublots

Samples

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∼ ARDOT Base Aggregate

∼ Lot 4000 tons∼ ARDOT

∼ Sublot 1000 tons∼ Contractor

S1 S2 S3 S4

Lot 1

0 1000 2000 3000 4000

∼ What is the test tonnage for Sublot 4 ? Assume ARDOT base aggregate lot and sublot sizes. RN = 0.66

(0.66)(1000) = 660

Lot 3Lot 2Lot 10

S2 S3 S4S1

660

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∼ What tonnage does Lot 3, Sublot 4 begin at? Assume ARDOT base aggregate lot and sublot sizes.

2(4000) + 3(1000) = 11,000

12000 Lot 3

8000

Lot 24000

Lot 10

11000

S2 S3 S4

9000

S1

10000

∼ What is the total sample tonnage location for Lot 3, Sublot 4 ? RN = 0.66

(0.66)(1000) = 6602(4000) + 3(1000) = 11,000

Total Sample Tonnage = 660 + 11,000 = 11,66012000

Lot 3

8000

Lot 24000

Lot 10

11000

S2 S3 S4

9000

S1

10000

660

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∼ What is the total sample tonnage location for Lot 6, Sublot 2 of an ARDOT base haul? Use a random number of 0.48.

∼ Sublot 3 starts at station 60+50 and ends at station 64+60. The width of the material is 16 ft. Find a random sample location using the random numbers of 0.64 and 0.25.

S3 S4

60 + 50

64 + 60

16’

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∼ RN 0.64 – Station Location∼ Find the distance between stations

∼ 64.60 Sta. – 60.50 Sta. = 4.10 Sta.∼ Multiply distance by random number

∼ (0.64)(4.10) = 2.624 Sta. = 2.62 Sta.∼ Add test distance to starting station

∼ 60.50 Sta. + 2.62 Sta. = 63.12 Sta. = Station 63 + 12

60 + 50

64 + 60

410 ft = 4 + 10 Sta.

262 ft = 2 + 62 Sta. 63 + 12

∼ RN 0.30 – Offset∼ Multiply width by random number

∼ (0.30)(16 ft) = 4.8 ft = 5 ft off edge∼ Determine if off left or right edge

∼ As stations increase in number, left edge is to your left and the right edge is to your right

60 + 50

64 + 60

16’5’

5’ off left edgeLeft edge

Right edge

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∼ Find the random sample location using a RN = 0.41 for the station number, and a RN = 0.82 for the offset.

55 + 10

126 + 70

14’

∼ Size∼ Large enough to hold

the minimum field sample size required

∼ Type∼ Sealable∼ Durable∼ Leak-proof

∼ Unlined open weave mesh bags should not be used

∼ Labels∼ Source, material, and

date as a minimum∼ Tests required∼ Sampled by

5 gal ≈ 55 lbs (25 kg)

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∼ Sampling∼ Methods for removing a sample of material, in such

a way that the sample is representative of the bulk material

∼ Representative Sample∼ Material which is proportional in size

characteristics and exhibits the same physical properties when tested

∼ Segregation∼ Separation of materials into an unblended state

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∼ Samples to be tested for quality should be obtained from the finished product

TABLE 1 Minimum Size of Field Samples

Aggregate SizeA Field Sample Mass, min. kgB [lb]

Field Sample Volume, min. L

[gal]

Fine Aggregate 2.36 mm [No. 8] 10 [22] 8 [2] 4.75 mm [No. 4] 10 [22] 8 [2]

Coarse Aggregate 9.5 mm [⅜ in.] 10 [22] 8 [2] 12.5 mm [½ in.] 15 [35] 12 [3] 19.0 mm [¾ in.] 25 [55] 20 [5] 25.0 mm [1 in.] 50 [110] 40 [10] 37.5 mm [1½ in.] 75 [165] 60 [15] 50 mm [2 in.] 100 [220] 80 [21] 63 mm [2½ in.] 125 [275] 100 [26] 75 mm [3 in.] 150 [330] 120 [32] 90 mm [3 ½ in.] 175 [385] 140 [37]

A For processed aggregates, use the nominal maximum size indicated by the appropriate specification or description. If the specification or description does not indicate a nominal maximum size (for example, a sieve indicating 90 to 100 % passing), use the maximum size (that sieve indicating 100 % passing).B For combined coarse and fine aggregates (for example, base or subbase aggregate), the minimum weight shall be coarse aggregate minimum mass plus 10 kg.

D75/D75M - 14

∼ Use power equipment ∼ Check for cleanliness

∼ Samples are taken from a working face

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∼ Pull loader buckets of material from at least 3 different areas and elevations of stockpile

∼ Mix material

∼ Back-drag pile

∼ Obtain samples∼ (3) Diagonally – AHTD∼ (4) Quadrants - AASHTO

∼ Manual Sampling∼ Insert board vertically

above sampling area∼ Excavate segregated

material and discard∼ Sample from three

locations of bench

∼ Sample from the top third, middle, and bottom third of the pile

∼ Combine all samples

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∼ Fine aggregate only∼ Remove outer layer∼ Insert sample tube at

least 3’ above bottom of pile

∼ Extract sample∼ Sample from at least 5

different locations

Sample tubes should be at least 1 1/4” in diameter and ≈ 6 feet long

One end may be cut to a 45°angle

∼ Combine samples

∼ Stop the belt∼ Insert template(s)

∼ Gather all material within the template∼ Use brush to collect

fines

∼ Sample from a minimum of 3 different locations along the belt

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∼ Pass collector unit through entire stream∼ Collect entire cross-

section of stream∼ Avoid overfilling

∼ Sample from a minimum of 3 different locations

∼ Combine samples

∼ Power Equipment∼ Sample from multiple

elevations and locations∼ Manual

∼ Excavate ≥ 3 trenches∼ 1’ wide x 1’ deep

∼ Collect 3 increments from each trench with a shovel

∼ Combine all samples∼ Sample tubes may be used

vertically inside trenches for fine aggregate samples

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∼ Collect equal increments from at least 3 randomlocations within the unit being sampled

∼ Sample the full depth of material∼ Exclude all underlying

materials ∼ Use templates to aid in

securing equal increment weights

∼ Combine samples

∼ Methods used to reduce a field sample to a smaller size for testing purposes

∼ Proper techniques help preserve the characteristics of the field sample and minimizes variations in testing results

∼ Maintain physical characteristics∼ Size distribution∼ Blending of materials

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∼ Which of the reduced samples would be representative of the field sample?

A. B. C.

∼ Test sample size∼ Specified by the individual test method

∼ What is the minimum test sample size for a sieve analysis conducted using AASHTO T 27 if the NMAS of the sample is 1 inch?

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∼ Assume your field sample weighs 50,000 grams. How many times would you need to split a sample to obtain a test sample size of 10,000 g?

50,000

25,000

12,500

6250 6250

12,500

25,0001

2

3 Too Small2

∼ Method used depends on:∼ Aggregate Size (Coarse, Fine, or Mixed)∼ Moisture Content (> SSD, SSD, < SSD)

∼ SSD – Saturated Surface Dry

< SSDSurface dry

Pores not saturated(fines won’t clump

together)

SSDSurface dry

Pores saturated(fines won’t

clump together)

> SSDSurface wet

Pores Saturated(fines will

clump together)

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∼ Coarse Agg. Splitter ∼ May be used for:∼ Coarse Agg - Any MC

∼ Preferred method∼ Mixed Agg - ≤ SSD ∼ Fine Agg - ≤ SSD

∼ Chute Openings∼ At least 8 openings∼ Same number per side∼ 50 % > largest rock

∼ Fine Agg. Splitter

∼ May be used for:∼ Fine Agg - ≤ SSD∼ 100 % must pass 3/8”

∼ Chute Openings∼ At least 12 openings∼ Same number per side∼ 50 % > largest rock∼ Maximum width 3/4”

∼ Feeder Pan∼ Straight-sided∼ Width – equal to or

slightly less than total chute assembly width

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∼ Place sample in hopper or straight-sided pan

∼ Distribute evenly from side to side

∼ Use an even flow to feed sample to chutes ∼ Avoid restricted flow∼ Avoid loss of material

∼ Check split samples∼ If an uneven split

occurs, recombine split halves and redo

∼ Discard one of the split halves and retain the other

∼ Repeat process until desired sample size is achieved

Do both sides have the same ratio of fine to coarse aggregate?

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∼ May be used for:∼ Coarse Agg - All∼ Mixed Agg - All∼ Fine Agg - > SSD

∼ Sweep smooth floor to remove any dust or foreign material∼ A canvas tarp may be

used for uneven floor surfaces

∼ Place sample on clean quartering area

∼ Mix aggregate by turning pile over a min. of 3 times

This Photo by

∼ Flatten pile so that the diameter is ≈ 4 to 8 times the thickness of the pile∼ Sweep loose material

back to pile

∼ Divide pile into four equal quarters

1

2

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∼ Check split∼ Remix if necessary

∼ Combine diagonally opposite quadrants∼ Gather all fines∼ Set aside ½ sample

∼ Repeat process with remaining ½ sample until desired size is achieved

∼ May be used for:∼ Fine Agg - > SSD

∼ Place original sample on clean surface

∼ Mix aggregate by turning pile over a min. of 3 times

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∼ Flatten pile to uniform thickness and diameter (optional)

∼ Select a minimum of 5 increments of material

∼ Combine increments

∼ General Lab Practices

∼ Check calibration∼ Yearly

∼ Check level∼ Check for interference

∼ Platform∼ Weigh below∼ Drafts or currents

∼ Zero scales∼ Tare button

∼ Place items ready to be weighed gently on platform

Do not exceed the scale’s capacity!

Lab Scales

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ARDOT specification limits are considered absolute limits!

∼ Observed or calculated values are not rounded for determination of compliance

∼ Compared directly with the limit∼ Average values are rounded to same # of significant

digits

∼ Any deviation outside limits is non-compliance∼ Failing test

∼ Determines the % of material finer than the # 200 sieve by washing

∼ Materials removed during washing

∼ Fine aggregates

∼ Clay particles

∼ Water soluble materials

∼ If the sample is to be sieved after washing under AASHTO T27, then the test sample size is determined by AASHTO T27

∼ Washing before sieving provides a better determination of the % passing the # 200 sieve than dry sieving alone

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∼ What minimum size sample is required for aggregate with a NMAS of 3/8” to determine % decant loss for an ARDOT project?

∼ Method A∼ Uses wash water only

∼ Suitable for most aggregates

∼ Use Method A if Method B is not specified or requested by the agency

∼ Method B∼ Uses a wetting agent

to disperse the fines∼ Liquid dishwashing

detergent

∼ Use this method if specified or requested by the agency

∼ Typically used for aggregates with clay coatings or those extracted from bituminous mixtures

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∼ Equipment∼ Scales

∼ Readable to at least 0.1% of test sample mass or better

∼ Oven∼ 230 ± 9 °F (110 ± 5 °C)

∼ Sieves (ASTM E11)∼ # 200 Wash Sieve∼ #8 - #16 Cover Sieve

∼ Optional Equipment

∼ Mechanical Washer

∼ Mechanical washers are allowed provided that the results are consistent with hand washing

∼ Degradation of the sample may occur if used improperly

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∼ Preparation∼ Obtain representative field sample

∼ Mix and reduce field sample to test size

∼ Dry sample at 230 ± 9°F to a constant mass∼ Dry samples overnight (15-16 hours) or weigh at hourly

intervals until there is no change in weight

∼ Cool, weigh sample, and record dry weight (DB)∼ Check to see if sample meets minimum mass

∼ Cover the sample with water and agitate∼ Rinse hand or tool before removing from pan

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∼ Pour wash water over nested sieves∼ Avoid transferring

aggregate to cover sieve

∼ Cover sample again with water, agitate, and decant wash water

∼ Repeat process until wash water is clear

∼ Transfer coarse material retained on cover sieve into sample container∼ Wash fines into wash

sieve or sample container

∼ Flush all material retained on wash sieve into sample container∼ Check sieve for

cleanliness

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∼ Dry sample to a constant mass∼ Cool to room temperature∼ Record dry weight (DA)∼ Calculate % Passing #200 Sieve

% # = %∼ Report

∼ 0.1 % if < 10 % DB = Dry Wt. (before wash)∼ 1 % if ≥ 10 % DA = Dry Wt. (after wash)

Decant

∼ Determine the % passing the #200 sieve

Dry Wt (Before Wash) 1785.6 gDry Wt (After Wash) 1654.9 g

1785.6 – 1654.9 = 130.7

130.7 1785.6

x 100 = 7.32 = 7.3 %

Weight of Material Washed Out of Sample

Report :1 % if ≥ 10 %

0.1 % if < 10 %

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∼ Determine the % passing the #200 sieve and report your results

∼ Dry Wt (Before Wash) 2602.8 g∼ Dry Wt (After Wash) 2463.3 g

% # = %

∼ Determines the particle size distribution of fine and coarse aggregates by dry sieving

∼ Used to determine compliance with specifications and production controls

∼ Grading affects the strength, stability, workability, and the volumetric properties of aggregates

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∼ Equipment∼ Scales

∼ Readable to at least 0.1% of test sample mass or better

∼ Oven∼ 230 ± 9 °F (110 ± 5 °C)

∼ Sieves (ASTM E11)∼ Stack depends on

specifications

∼ Shaker (optional)∼ Must meet required

sieving accuracy of hand sieving in ≈ 10 minutes or less to prevent degradation of the sample

∼ Shaker time must be checked yearly

∼ Dry test sample to a constant mass

∼ Hotplates & burners are allowed if no fracturing/chemical breakdown of aggregate occurs

∼ Cool and record dry weight

∼ Check to see if sample meets minimum mass

∼ Preparation∼ Collect representative

field sample∼ Size should meet

AASHTO T2 or be ≥ 4 times the test sample size

∼ Mix and reduce field sample

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∼ What is the minimum mass required for an aggregate with a NMAS of #4?

∼ What is the minimum mass required for an aggregate with a NMAS of ¾”?

∼ PREVENT OVERLOADED SIEVES!

∼ Overloaded sieves prevent some of the aggregate particles from reaching the openings

∼ Sieving adequacy required is not typically met since additional material will pass through the sieve if given a chance

∼ Produces a coarser and inaccurate sieve analysis result

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∼ Coarse Agg. Sieves∼ Opening sizes ≥ # 4

∼ Fine Agg. Sieves∼ Opening sizes < # 4

∼ Retained mass shall not exceed 7 kg/m²

← > 1 Layer Overloaded

≤ 1 Layer →OK

Sieve 8” 10” 12”

Max. Mass (g) 200 g 320 g 469 g

∼ Prevention Methods∼ (1) Insert additional

sieves

∼

∼ Each additional sieve catches some of the material which would have been caught on the # 4 screen originally

∼ This lessens the total amount of material on the # 4 sieve, preventing the overloading of the sieve

¾”#4#8

¾”

½”

⅜”#4

#8Overloaded #4

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∼ Prevention Methods∼ (2) Use larger sieves

∼

∼ Increases the sieving area available to the rock

∼ This spreads the rock particles apart on the screen lessening the chances of overloading

¾”

#4½”

#4

½”

¾”

8” Diameter 12” Diameter

∼ Prevention Methods∼ (3) Split sample into

smaller portions for sieving

∼ Sieve each portion individually

∼ Combine weights before computation

P1 P2

Test Sample

Sieve Wt Ret (P1)

Wt Ret (P2)

Total Wt Ret

¾” 0 10 10

½” 50 30 80

3/8” 100 125 225

# 4 300 275 575

Pan 400 380 780Pan#4½”⅜”

¾”

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∼ Nest sieves in order of decreasing opening size from top to bottom∼ Check cleanliness and

condition of sieves

∼ Add sample to stack∼ Take care to prevent

loss of material∼ Prevent overloading

∼ Agitate sieves∼ Hand Sieving

∼ Tap side of sieve sharply with heel of hand

∼ 150 strokes/minute rotating 1/6th turn every 25 strokes

∼ Mechanical Shaker∼ Shake for calibrated

time or verify after shaking by hand sieving

∼ Conformance∼ Shake until ≤ 0.5% by

mass of the total sample passes during 1 minute of continuous hand sieving

∼ Do not force particles to pass through openings

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∼ Before emptying sieve:

∼ Check undersized openings for trapped particles

∼ Remove trapped particles and determine proper placement

∼ Check sieves for overloading

∼ Hand sieve if overloaded

∼ Empty sieve∼ Clean sieves

thoroughly

∼ Record mass retained

∼ General Lab Practices

∼ Sieves∼ Do not force rocks through any

opening

∼ Rocks bound in undersized openings should be removed and placed where they belong

∼ Use care when removing bound rocks to prevent damage

∼ Use appropriate brushes to clean sieves when emptying

∼ Use only a paintbrush to clean # 200 sieve

Do not overload sieve screen!

Sieves

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∼ Cum. Wt. Retained∼ Add individual

weights

∼ Individual Weights∼ Vary and go up and

down in value from sieve to sieve with no pattern

∼ Cumulative Weights∼ Start at zero and

progressively increase

∼ Cumulative weights should never exceed original dry weight

Sieve Ind. Wt.Retained

Cum. Wt.Retained

3/8” 0.0 0.0

# 4 302.5 302.5

# 10 200.1 502.6

# 40 336.0 838.6

# 200 28.2 866.8

Pan 5.2 872.0

∼ % Retained∼ Starts at 0% and

progresses toward 100%

∼ Report to nearest 0.1%

% = . . . %DB = dry weight before washing

Dry Wt (DB) 928.5 gDry Wt (DA) 860.0 g

(302.5 / 928.5) x 100% = 32.6%

Sieve Cum. Wt. Retained

3/8” 0.0

# 4 302.5

# 10 502.6

# 40 838.6

# 200 866.8

%Retained

0.0

32.6

54.1

90.3

93.4

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∼ % Passing∼ Starts at 100% and

progresses toward 0%

∼ Report to nearest 0.1%

% .= % % 100% - 32.6 % = 67.4 %

Sieve % Retained

3/8” 0.0

# 4 32.6

# 10 54.1

# 40 90.3

# 200 93.4

%Passing

100.0

67.4

45.9

9.7

6.6

∼ Reported % Passing∼ Round values for

calculated % passing

∼ Report all sieves except the # 200 to nearest 1%

∼ Report the # 200 sieve∼ 1% if ≥ 10%∼ 0.1% if < 10%

Sieve %Passing

3/8” 100.0

# 4 67.4

# 10 45.9

# 40 9.7

# 200 6.6

Reported % Passing

100

67

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10

6.6

How would you report a value of 11.2 % for the # 200 sieve? 11

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∼ Acceptance check is a required calculation used to determine if a sieve analysis may be used and reported for acceptance purposes∼ Determines the error

produced due to the sieving process

∼ Acceptance Check (AC)

= ( ) Out = Cum. Wt. Ret. in PanIn = After Wash Dry Weight

∼ Tolerance = ± 0.3%

∼ Calculate the acceptance check = ( )

= ( . . ). = . . = . %

Tolerance = ± 0.3%

Dry Wt. (DB) 923.0 gDry Wt. (DA) 873.7 g

Sieve Cum. Wt. Retained

½” 0.0# 4 200.1# 16 470.3

# 200 845.8Pan 872.0

In

Out

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∼ Used to control the amount of minus #200 found in base rock

∼ ARDOT Specification∼ Section 303

∼ SS-Errata 2-27-14

∼ DR ≤ 0.75 for all classes of base aggregate

∼ Dust Ratio

=% #% #∼ Use only the reported

% passing values for calculation

∼ Report Dust Ratio to nearest 0.01

∼ Find the dust ratio

= % #% # = . = .

0.51

SieveCalc.

% PassReported %

Passing3/8” 100.0 100# 4 67.4 67# 10 45.9 46# 40 14.6 15# 200 7.7 7.7

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∼ An index of the particle size distribution

∼ Used in concrete specifications to control fluctuations in grading

∼ ARDOT Section 501∼ FM variation > 20

points, requires a new concrete mix design

∼ Fineness Modulus

= ∑ .% .∼ Sieves used to

compute:∼ # 100, # 50, # 30, # 16,#

8, # 4, 3/8”, ¾”, 1 ½”, 3”, …

∼ Report FM to nearest 0.01

∼ Find the FM∼ Locate cumulative %

retained for sieves∼ # 100, # 50, # 30, # 16,# 8,

# 4, 3/8”, ¾”, 1 ½”, 3”, …∼ Add values ∼ Divide total by 100

FM = (19.3 + 28.4 + 44.8 + 61.2 + 73.1+ 87.6 + 90.2) / 100

FM = 404.6 / 100 FM = 4.046

Sieve Cum % Ret¾” 0.0½” 12.5

3/8” 19.3# 4 28.4# 8 44.8# 16 61.2# 30 73.1# 50 87.6# 100 90.2# 200 91.84.05

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∼ Crushed particles have angular faces which create an interlocking force between particles

∼ Interlocking particles increase the shear strength and load bearing capacity of the material

∼ Uncrushed aggregates such as natural gravels, have smooth, rounded faces which do not interlock

∼ Base rock specifications limit the amount of uncrushed rock in order to increase strength and stability

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∼ Equipment∼ Scales readable to 0.1% of sample mass∼ Heat Source and # 4 Sieve

∼ Preparation∼ Obtain a representative field sample∼ Mix and reduce sample∼ Dry sample to a constant mass (230 ± 9 °F) and cool∼ Sieve sample over the # 4 sieve

∼ Retain the coarse aggregate for testing∼ Record dry weight of test sample

∼ Check to see if sample meets minimum mass

∼ Based on the sieve analysis, what size test sample would be required?

Sieve % Retained % Passing

1½” 0 100

1” 0 100

¾” 10 90

3/8” 35 65

# 4 50 50

# 10 69 31

# 40 84 16

# 200 92 8

Particle Sizes

Sample Weight (g)

# 4 to ½” 500 g

# 4 to ¾” 1000 g

# 4 to 1 ½” 1500 g

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∼ Separate particles into two groups∼ Crushed Faces∼ No Crushed Faces

∼ Record weight of material with crushed faces

∼ Calculate % Crushed

% .= . . ∼ Report to nearest 0.1%

Uncrushed

Crushed

∼ Determine the % of crushed material in the sample

Sample Wt (+ #4) 1265.8 gWt of Crushed 1093.7 g

% .= %% . = .. % = .

86.4%

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∼ Determine the reported % of crushed material in the sample

Sample Wt (+ #4) 1756.2 gWt of Crushed 1634.6 g

% .= %

∼ Determines the % of deleterious matter in aggregates

∼ Deleterious - anything which may be harmful to the finished product∼ Concrete∼ Asphalt∼ Base Aggregates

∼ Interferes with the bonding between the aggregate and the cementing material

∼ Creates a weak zone in the finished product

∼ Deleterious∼ Clay Lumps∼ Shale / Slate∼ Friable Particles

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∼ Clay Lumps∼ Lumps of clay or any

soil/aggregate material adhering together

∼ Do not break clay lumps apart during sieving

Clay Lump

∼ Shale / Slate∼ Laminated layers of

compressed clay, silt, or mud

∼ Leaves a streak on a streak plate, flakes

∼ Shale has a waxy feel∼ Classify as shale if 50%

or more of the aggregate is shale

Shale

Slate

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∼ Friable Particles∼ Any particles which

can be broken into finer particles with your fingers

Organics

Soft Aggregates

Coal Lignite

∼ Equipment∼ Scales readable to 0.1% of sample mass∼ Heat Source and # 4 Sieve∼ Non-glazed streak plate or mortar bowl

∼ Preparation∼ Obtain a representative field sample∼ Mix and reduce sample∼ Dry sample to a constant mass (230 ± 9 °F) and cool∼ Sieve sample over the # 4 sieve

∼ Retain the coarse aggregate for testing∼ Record dry weight of test sample

∼ Check to see if sample meets minimum mass

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∼ Separate sample into groups∼ Record the weight of the deleterious material

∼ Calculate% .= . . %∼ Report to nearest 0.1 %

∼ Determine the reported % total deleterious in the sample

Total Sample Weight 3125.6 gWeight of Deleterious 106.8 g

% .= . . %% .= . . % = . % 3.4%

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∼ Determine the reported % clay lumps and % total deleterious in the sample

Total Sample Weight 2200.0 gWeight of Clay Lumps 38.7 gWeight of Organic Mat. 63.2 g

% .= . . %

∼ Determines if injurious organic compounds are present in the fine aggregates used to make hydraulic cement mortar or concrete

∼ Test colors darker than the standard color indicate that injurious organic compounds may be present∼ Perform additional

testing before using AASHTO T 71

∼ Effect of Organic Impurities on the Strength of Mortar

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56

∼ Equipment∼ Colorless glass

bottle w/ cap∼ 1.5” – 2.5” O.D.∼ Graduations

∼ Reagent∼ 3% NaOH

Solution∼ Dissolve 3

parts NaOH in 97 parts water

∼ Color Plate∼ Organic Plate #3∼ Gardner Color #11

or∼ Color Solution

∼ Less precise method than using color plates

∼ Must be made fresh with 2 hours of comparison

∼ Preparation∼ Collect Field Sample∼ Mix and reduce to ≈ 450 g (1 lb)

∼ Air dry only if required by specifications

∼ Air Dry ≤ 140°F (60 °C)

∼ Fill bottle to 130 mL (4 ½ oz) level with aggregate

130 mL

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∼ Add 3% NaOH solution until volume is 200 mL (7 oz)

∼ Stopper bottle – shake

∼ Let stand 24 hours

200 mL

∼ Compare liquid color to the standard color

∼ Record the plate # nearest the liquid color∼ If using a standard

color solution, record if lighter, darker or of equal color

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∼ Standard Color Solution∼ Dissolve 0.250 g of

Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)

∼ In 100 mL of Sulfuric acid (G = 1.84)

∼ Use heat if necessary∼ Must be made fresh

and within 2 hours of comparison

∼ Fill empty bottle to 75 mL (2½ oz) level with color solution and compare colors

Classroom DemoClassroom Demo

∼ Used to determine the % of evaporable moisture in aggregates∼ Preserve moisture in

field samples by using sealable airtight containers

∼ Equipment∼ Scales

∼ Readable to nearest 0.1% of sample mass or better

∼ Heat Source∼ Oven / Hot Plates

∼ Drying Container∼ Depth of sample in

container must be ≤ 1/5th of the least lateral dimension

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59

∼ Caution - rapid superheating may cause the aggregate to explode∼ Stir aggregate while

drying when using a heat source other than an oven

∼ Accelerates drying∼ Prevents localized

heating

∼ Preparation∼ Obtain a representative field sample

∼ Protect sample from moisture loss

∼ Mix and reduce field sample to test size

∼ Weigh and record the wet weight of aggregate∼ Check to see if sample meets minimum mass

requirements (AHTD and AASHTO vary greatly in the size of samples required

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∼ Dry sample to a constant mass and cool∼ AHTD – allows drying

overnight ≈ 15-16 hours

∼ Weigh and record dry weight of aggregate

∼ Calculate

∼ Report MC to nearest 0.1%

= ( ) %∼ W = wet weight of

aggregate

∼ D = dry weight of aggregate

∼ Find the moisture content of the sample

Wet Weight of Agg 1337.1 gDry Weight of Agg 1300.7 g% = ( ) %

% = ( . . ). % = . %2.8 %

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∼ Find the moisture content of the sample

Wet Weight of Agg 3075.1 gDry Weight of Agg 3050.0 g

% = ( ) %

∼ To determine the % of surface moisture present in an aggregate sample:

∼ 1. Find the total moisture content of the sample∼ 2. Find the aggregate’s absorption

∼ Use AASHTO T84 or AASHTO T85∼ 3. Subtract the absorption from the total moisture

content

Moisture Content 2.8%Absorption 1.2%Surface Moisture 1.6%

2.8%- 1.2%

1.6%

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∼ Specific Gravity

∼ The ratio of the mass of an object in air to the mass of an equal volume of water

G

∼ Archimedes Principle

∼ Used to determine the specific gravity (relative density) and absorption of coarse aggregates∼ Do not use with lightweight aggregates

∼ Pores spaces may not be completely filled within the allowed timed of 15 – 19 hours

∼ Absorption∼ The increase in mass of an aggregate due to the

mass of water absorbed into the pores of the rock

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∼ Equipment∼ # 4 Sieve∼ Scales

∼ M231 Class G 5 (1 g)∼ Water Tank

∼ Equipped with overflow

∼ Wire Basket∼ # 6 or finer mesh

∼ Drying Apparatus∼ 230 ± 9 °F (110 ± 5 °C)

∼ Preparation∼ Obtain a representative field sample∼ Mix and reduce sample∼ Dry sample to a constant mass (230°F / 110°C)

∼ Values for absorption and bulk specific gravity (SSD) may be significantly higher for aggregate not dried before soaking

∼ Cool sample at room temperature (1-3 hours)∼ Sieve sample over # 4 sieve (retain + #4)

∼ Check to see if sample meets minimum mass ∼ Wash sample to remove dust∼ Completely cover sample with water for 15-19 hours

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∼ Adjust temperature of water bath to 73.4 ± 3 °F (23.0 ± 1.7 °C)

∼ Fill water bath to overflowing and allow water level to stabilize∼ Unplug water pumps∼ Check weigh below

apparatus for interference

∼ Pour excess water off test sample

∼ Bring sample to SSD∼ Dry aggregate surface

with absorbent towel

∼ Tare out empty bowl on top of scales

∼ Weigh sample and record the “SSD” weight of aggregate

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∼ Remove bowl from scales

∼ Place wire basket under water∼ Agitate basket to

eliminate trapped air∼ Allow water level to

stabilize

∼ Zero out scales

∼ Place sample in basket and suspend in water bath ∼ Agitate basket to

eliminate trapped air∼ Allow water level to

stabilize

∼ Record the “submerged” weight of the aggregate

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∼ Empty basket into a clean container∼ Remove all fine

particles from basket

∼ Dry to a constant mass∼ 230 °F / 110 °C

∼ Cool sample (1 – 3 hrs.)

∼ Weigh sample and record the “dry” weight of aggregate

∼ Calculate

∼ Equipment∼ # 4 Sieve∼ Scales

∼ M231 Class 2 (0.1 g)∼ Pycnometer

∼ ≥ 500 mL∼ Cone Mold & Tamper∼ Drying Apparatus

∼ 230 ± 9 °F (110 ± 5 °C)∼ Miscellaneous

∼ Hair dryer, funnel, spoon, alcohol

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67

∼ Preparation∼ Obtain a representative field sample∼ Mix and reduce sample∼ Dry sample to a constant mass (230°F / 110°C) and

cool ∼ Sieve sample over # 4 sieve (retain minus #4)

∼ Check to see if sample meets minimum mass∼ ≈ 1000 g (1 kg)

∼ Soak sample in water for 15-19 hours∼ Totally immerse or add a minimum of 6% moisture

∼ 0.06 x test weight∼ Protect from evaporation

∼ Calibrate pycnometer∼ Fill with water to

calibration mark∼ Water @ 73.4 ± 3°F

∼ Read bottom of meniscus

∼ Weigh and record the weight of the “Pyc + Water”

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68

∼ Prepare pycnometer for introduction of sample

∼ Empty water until pycnometer is half full

∼ Place pycnometer with funnel on scale and zero out scales

∼ Perform cone test to check for moisture condition

∼ Aggregate must be on the wet side of SSD when beginning test

∼ If too dry : ∼ Add water, cover∼ Let stand for 30 min.

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∼ Cone Test∼ Fill cone to overflowing∼ Tamp 25 times from a height of 0.2” (5mm)∼ Clean aggregate from base of cone∼ Lift cone vertically

WetAggregate

Maintains Shape

DryAggregate

Flattens to Cone Shape

SSDAggregate

Slumps Slightly

0.2”

∼ Materials with a high % of fines may slump only on one side of the mold∼ Use alternative methods of determining SSD

∼ Bring sample to SSD∼ Dry sample with warm, gentle current of air∼ Perform cone test to check for SSD condition

∼ When material is at SSD condition, immediately proceed with test procedure∼ Additional drying of aggregate will result in error

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∼ Add 500 ± 10 g of SSD aggregate to pycnometer∼ Record SSD weight

∼ If using a companion sample to obtain dry weight, immediately obtain companion sample∼ ± 0.2 g of SSD sample

∼ Place companion sample in oven to dry

Record all weights to 0.1 g!

∼ Agitate pycnometer to remove air (15-20 min)∼ Mechanical agitation

allowed∼ Must match manual

agitation∼ Vacuum is not allowed

∼ Fill pyc with water until ≈ 90 % full∼ Just into or slightly

below neck

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∼ Adjust temperature to 73.4 ± 3 °F (23 ± 1.7 °C)

∼ Fill pycnometer with water to calibration mark∼ Eliminate foam∼ Dry inside neck and

outside of pycnometer ∼ Record weight of

“pyc + sample + water”

∼ If a companion sample was not used, completely empty the pycnometer and dry aggregate

∼ Remove sample from oven∼ Cool for 1 ± 0.5 hours

at room temperature∼ Companion sample∼ Pycnometer sample

∼ Record oven dry weight of aggregate

∼ Calculate

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∼ Oven Dry∼ The pores

spaces contain no water and the surface is dry

∼ Sat. Surface Dry (SSD)∼ The spaces

are filled with water but the surface is dry

∼ Saturated (SAT)∼ The pores

spaces are filled with water and “free” water is present on the surface

What do you think the specific gravity of rock is?

< 1 → sinks> 1 → floatsAR 2.3 – 2.7

∼ Type of specific gravity is based on the rock’s moisture condition and volume being considered∼ Apparent (Gsa)

∼ Relative density of solid particles only

∼ Bulk (Gsb)∼ Takes into account pore

spaces accessible to water∼ Bulk SSD (Gsbssd)

∼ Takes into account pore spaces accessible to water

Gsbstone bulk

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∼ Apparent (Gsa) = ( )A = Dry weightC = Submerged weight

∼ Report to nearest 0.001∼ Used in soils∼ Used in asphalt

∼ Bulk (Gsb) = ( )A = Dry weightB = SSD weightC = Submerged weight

∼ Report to nearest 0.001∼ Used in asphalt

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∼ Bulkssd (Gsbssd) = ( )B = SSD weightC = Submerged weight

∼ Report to nearest 0.001∼ Used in concrete

∼ Absorption ∼ Moisture content of the aggregate at SSD condition

∼ 15 – 19 hours soak time

% = ( ) %A = Dry weightB = SSD weight

∼ Report to nearest 0.1 %

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Dry Wt 2058.3 g Find the specific gravitiesSSD Wt 2102.5 g and absorption of theSub Wt 1288.4 g coarse aggregate.

= = .( . . ) = .. = .= ( ) = .( . . ) = .. = .

= ( ) = .( . . ) = .. = .% = ( ) = ( . . ). = . . = .

2.6732.5282.5832.1 %

ABC

∼ AASHTO (Fine)∼ Gsa = A / (B + A – C)∼ Gsb = A / (B + S – C)∼ Gsbssd = S / (B + S – C)∼ Abs = [(S – A) / A] x 100%

A = Dry massB = Pyc + WaterC = Pyc + Water + SampleS = SSD mass

∼ AASHTO (Coarse)∼ Gsa = A / (A – C)∼ Gsb = A / (B – C)∼ Gsbssd = B / (B – C)∼ Abs = [(B – A) / A] x 100%

A = Dry massB = SSD massC = Submerged mass

= + + ( + )

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∼ Find the specific gravities and absorption of the fine aggregate

Dry Wt 488.3 gSSD Wt 501.5 gPyc + Water 1268.7 g Pyc + W + S 1566.6 g

∼ Determine A, B, C, and/or S∼ = + + +∼ = . . = .

∼ Calculate using appropriate formulas

AB

C

ASBC

Dry Wt 488.3 gSSD Wt 501.5 gSub Wt 297.9 g= = .( . . ) = .. = .

= ( ) = .( . . ) = .. = .= ( ) = .( . . ) = .. = .

% = ( ) = . .. = .

2.565

2.3982.463

2.7 %

ABC

Using Coarse Agg. Formulas

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Dry Wt 488.3 gSSD Wt 501.5 g

Pyc + Water 1268.7 g Pyc + W + S 1566.6 g

= + = .( . + . . ) = .. = .= ( + ) = .( . + . . ) = .. = .

= ( + ) = .( . + . . ) = .. = .% = ( ) = . .. = . . = .

2.5652.3982.4632.7 %

ASB

Using Fine Agg. Formulas

C

∼ Combines the specific gravities and absorptions of individual aggregates or sizes of aggregates

∼ Blends of multiple stockpiles

∼ Blends of different size fractions of the same aggregate

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∼ Combined SpG (Gcomb)

= + +⋯∼ P = The percentage of total sample which the

aggregate or size fraction constitutes

∼ G = The specific gravity of the individual aggregate or size fraction

Agg 1 39 % 2.637 Find the combined Agg 2 40 % 2.539 apparent specificAgg 3 22 % 2.700 gravity of the blend

= . + . + . = . … = . …2.610

P Gsa

100 % = + +⋯14.4103…+15.7542…+8.1481…

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Agg 1 72 % 2.575 Find the combined Agg 2 28 % 2.620 bulk specific

gravity of the blendP Gsb

= + +⋯

∼ Combined Absorption (Acomb)

= + +⋯∼ P = The percent of the total sample of which the

aggregate or size fraction constitutes

∼ A = The absorption of the individual aggregate or size fraction

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Agg 1 38 % 1.3 % Find the combined Agg 2 40 % 1.5 % absorption of the Agg 3 22 % 0.8 % blend

= ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) = . … = .1.3 %

P A

100 % = + +⋯49.40…+60.00…+17.60…

Agg 1 65 % 0.8 % Find the combined Agg 2 35 % 1.2 % absorption of the

blend

P A

= + +⋯

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Sieve % Passing3/4” 1001/2” 883/8” 80# 4 70# 8 60# 16 45# 30 35# 50 20# 100 12# 200 5.2

70 %

30 %RetainedCoarse Agg.Plus #4

PassingFine Agg.Minus #4

∼ What is the % of the material which passes the #4 sieve?∼ 72 %

∼ What is the % of the material which is retained on the # 4 sieve?∼ 100 – 72 = 28 %

Sieve % Passing3/4” 1001/2” 923/8” 85# 4 72# 8 58# 16 48# 30 35# 50 20# 100 12# 200 5.2

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∼ What is the % of the fine aggregate?∼ 60 %

∼ What is the % of the coarse aggregate?∼ 100 – 60 = 40 %

Sieve % Passing3/4” 1001/2” 843/8” 72# 4 60# 8 50# 16 43# 30 34# 50 22# 100 14# 200 6.8

∼ What is the % of the plus # 4 material?∼ 100 – 47 = 53 %

∼ What is the % of the minus # 4 material?∼ 47 %

Sieve % Passing3/4” 1001/2” 753/8” 62# 4 47# 8 40# 16 35# 30 20# 50 10# 100 4# 200 1.2

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∼ Find the bulk specific gravity for the stockpile

Gsb Coarse 2.586Gsb Fine 2.564= + +…

= . + . =

Sieve % Passing3/4” 1001/2” 843/8” 72# 4 62# 8 50# 16 43# 30 34# 50 22# 100 14# 200 6.8

2.572

G1G2

P1 = 38P2 = 62

∼ Find the apparent specific gravity for the stockpile

Gsa Coarse 2.572Gsa Fine 2.550= + +…

Sieve % Passing1” 100

3/4” 951/2” 703/8” 60# 4 35# 8 20# 16 15# 30 12# 50 7# 100 4# 200 2.2

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∼ Find the absorption for the stockpile

Abs Coarse 1.2 %Abs Fine 2.4 %

= ( ) + ( ) +…= ( . ) + ( . ) =

Sieve % Passing3/4” 1001/2” 843/8” 72# 4 62# 8 50# 16 43# 30 34# 50 22# 100 14# 200 6.8 1.9 %

A1A2

P1 = 38P2 = 62

∼ Find the absorption for the stockpile

Abs Coarse 0.5%Abs Fine 2.1%

= + +⋯

Sieve % Passing1” 100

3/4” 951/2” 703/8” 60# 4 35# 8 20# 16 15# 30 12# 50 7# 100 4# 200 2.2

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Chert Limestone Dolomite

GravelSyenite Sandstone

∼ Aggregate – any combination of sand, gravel, or crushed stone

∼ Stone – Naturally occurring solid formations of rock∼ Crushed Stone

∼ Sand & Gravel – Loose natural deposits of rock (usually found along stream channels and riverbeds)

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Crusher Run Material

Rock is mechanically broken into smaller pieces by passing it through a series of crushing units.

The crushed rock is separated into useable fractions by a large screening plant and then stored in stockpiles.

∼ 1. Standard Specification (2014 Edition)∼ Material specifications, design requirements, field

tolerances, test procedures, quality control, pay

∼ 2. Supplemental Specifications (Errata)∼ Changes to standard specifications which pertains to all jobs

let after the date of publication

∼ 3. Job Plans∼ Design and construction information, quantities

∼ 4. Special Provisions∼ Modifications or additions to standard specifications which

pertain only to the job it was published for

Website : www.arkansashighways.com

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∼ Select Materials – foundation courses for base aggregate material usually consisting of sandy soils, or sandy soil mixed with stone or gravel∼ Section 302 of Standard Specifications

∼ Base Aggregates – surface courses (gravel roads) and foundation courses for pavements consisting of crushed stone, gravel, and/or steel slag∼ Section 303 of Standard Specifications

∼ Section 302.02 – 5% max. total % deleterious matter

Specifications are considered absolute limits!

AGGREGATE BASE COURSE GRADING (AASHTO T 11 AND T 27)AND CRUSHING REQUIREMENTS (AHTD TEST METHOD 304)

PERCENT PASSING

SIEVE (mm) CLASS 1 CLASS 2 CLASS 3 CLASS 4 CLASS 5 CLASS 6 CLASS 7 CLASS 83" 75.0 mm 100 100 1002" 50.0 mm 95 - 100 95 - 100 95 - 100

1½" 37.5 mm 85 - 100 100 100 100 1001" 25.0 mm 60 - 100 60 - 100 100

3/4" 19.0 mm 60 - 100 60 - 100 60 - 100 60 - 100 60 - 100 50 - 90 50 - 90 65 - 1003/8" 9.5 mm 40 - 80 40 - 80 40 - 80 40 - 80 40 - 80# 4 4.75 mm 30 - 60 30 - 60 30 - 60 30 - 60 30 - 60 25 - 55 25 - 55 25 - 55

# 10 2.00 mm 20 - 50 20 - 50 20 - 45 20 - 45 20 - 45# 40 0.425 mm 10 - 35 10 - 35 10 - 35 10 - 35 10 - 35 10 - 30 10 - 30 10 - 30

# 200 0.075 mm 3 - 15 3 - 15 3 - 12 3 - 12 3 - 12 3 - 12 3 - 12 3 - 12MAX PLASTICITY INDEX 13 10 6 6 6 6 6 6(MINUS # 40 MATERIAL)MINIMUM % CRUSHED 15(RETAINED ON # 4)MINIMUM PERCENT

90 90 90CRUSHER RUN MATERIAL

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88

∼ Is this a fine aggregate or coarse aggregate?∼ Fine – The majority of

the material passes the # 4 sieve

∼ Does this meet the ARDOT gradation specifications for fineconcrete aggregate?∼ Yes

∼ What about decant?∼ Yes

Sieve % Passing3/8” 100# 4 97# 8 80# 16 60# 30 42# 50 20# 100 3# 200 1.5

∼ Does the sample meet ARDOT gradation and D.R. specifications for Class 7 Base?∼ Gradation?

∼ Meets all required specification ranges

∼ Dust Ratio?∼ Requires D.R. ≤ 0.75∼ DR = 10/13 = 0.77

Sieve % Passing

AHTD Spec.

1 ½” 1001” 82

¾” 713/8” 50# 4 28# 10 20# 40 13# 200 10No

10060 - 10050 - 90

25 - 55

10 - 303 – 12

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89

∼ Based on gradationonly, which class of ARDOT base aggregate does the stockpile represent?∼ ¾” eliminates CL 6 & 7∼ # 4 eliminates CL 1 – 5∼ Meets all gradation

requirements for Class 8 Base

Sieve % Passing3” 1002” 100

1 1/2” 1001” 100

3/4” 921/2” 803/8” 46# 4 28# 10 22# 40 17# 200 7.0