20150831 mobile equipment open data-gmg-dua-v01-r03 mobile ... ·...

Global Mining Guidelines Group (GMG)

20150831_Mobile_Equipment_Open_Data-GMG-DUA-v01-r03

Mobile equipment open data consensus guideline

SUBMITTED BYData Usage and Access Working Group

VERSION DATE31 Aug 2015

APPROVED BY06 Apr 2016

EDITED BYJanice M. Burke

03 Mar 2016

PUBLISHED27 Apr 2016

DATE DOCUMENT TO BE REVIEWED 06 Apr 2021

PREPARED BY THE MOBILE EQUIPMENT OPEN DATA SUB-COMMITTEE OF THE DATA ACCESSAND USAGE WORKING GROUP

Group leaders: Matt Miller and Lance Fountaine, OSIsoftTim Skinner, SMART Solutions


Mobile equipMent open data consensus Guideline | i

ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN THE PREPARATION OF THESE GUIDELINES

Representing organizations from the Data Usage and Access Working Group include: Agnico Eagle Mines Ltd., Anglo-Gold Ashanti Ltd., ArcelorMittal, Atlas Copco, Barrick Gold Corp., BHP Billiton Ltd., Caterpillar Inc., Endevea Pty Ltd., FortescueMetals Group Ltd. (FMG), Freeport-McMoRan Inc. (FMI), GE Mining, Gibraltar Mine (Taseko Mines Ltd.), Goldcorp Inc., GoldFields Ltd., Government of Western Australia Department of Mines and Petroleum (DMP), Haultrax, Hitachi, Indago Partners,iO Solutions Inc., Joy Global Inc., KGHM International Ltd., Komatsu Ltd., Liebherr, OSIsoft LLC, Peabody Energy Corp., PeckTech Consulting, Remote Control Technologies (RCT), Rio Tinto Group, Roy Hill Project, Sandvik Group, Shell Canada Ltd.,SMART Systems Group, Symboticware Inc., Teck Resources Ltd., The Electrum Group, Vale, Wenco International Mining Sys-tems Ltd., and Westmoreland Coal Company.


Mobile equipMent open data consensus Guideline | ii

DISCLAIMER

Although these guidelines and other documents or information sources referenced at http://www.gmggroup.org are believedto be reliable, we do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any of these other documents or information sources. Useof these guidelines or the above documents or information sources is not intended to replace, contravene or otherwise alter therequirements of any national, state, or local governmental statutes, laws, regulations, ordinances, or other requirements regardingthe matters included herein. Compliance with these guidelines is entirely voluntary.


iii | Mobile equipMent open data consensus Guideline

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

This document is copyright-protected by the Global Mining Guidelines Group (GMG). Working or committee drafts canbe reproduced and used by GMG participants during guideline development. GMG hereby grants permission for interestedindividuals/organizations to download one copy. Written permission from GMG is required to reproduce this document, inwhole or in part, if used for commercial purposes.

To request permission, please contact:

Global Mining Guidelines GroupHeather Ednie, Managing [email protected]://www.gmggroup.org

Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.

Violators may be prosecuted.


Mobile equipMent open data consensus Guideline | iv

TABLE OF CONTENTSDISCLAIMER ii

COPYRIGHT NOTICE iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iv

1. FOREWORD 1 2. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS, SYMBOLS, AND ABBREVIATIONS 1 3. KEYWORDS 1 4. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1 5. SCOPE 1 6. OTHER USEFUL DOCUMENTS 1 7. OVERVIEW 1 8. PURPOSE AND PROBLEM STATEMENT 2 8.1 Data Classes and Value Rationale 3 9. DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT AND DATA GROUPS 3 9.1 Surface Mining Equipment 3 9.2 Underground Mining Equipment 5 10. GUIDELINE REVISIONS (FUTURE VERSIONS) 5 10.1 Autonomous Equipment 5 10.2 Additional Equipment Types 5 10.3 “Undecided” Data Groups 5 10.4 Additional Datasets 6 11. RESOURCES, REFERENCES, AND RECOMMENDED READING 6 12. ANNEXES 7 Annex A: Surface Equipment 7 Annex B: Underground Equipment 47


Mobile equipMent open data consensus Guideline | 1

1. FOREWORDThe Global Mining Guidelines Group (GMG) is a global,

multi-stakeholder community to advance the availabilityand use of standards and guidelines for the internationalmining industry. This GMG document was prepared by aGMG working group. Draft documents are checked andapproved by working group members, prior to approval bythe GMG Governing Council.

Formed as part of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Met-allurgy and Petroleum (CIM), GMG is supported by CIM andthree other Partner Organizations: the Australasian Instituteof Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM), the Southern AfricanInstitute of Mining and Metals (SAIMM), and the SurfaceMining Association for Research and Technology (SMART),as well as its Member Companies and participants.

Please note: if some of the elements of this documentare subject to patent rights, the GMG and CIM are notresponsible for identifying such patent rights.

2. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS, SYMBOLS, ANDABBREVIATIONS

IP Intellectual PropertyOEM Original Equipment Manufacturer

3. KEYWORDS Analytics, Autonomous vehicles, Connected vehicles,

Connectivity, Data, Future of mining, Mobile assets, Mobileequipment, Open data, Operational intelligence, Supplychain integration, Vehicle integration

4. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUNDThis guideline was developed by the Data Usage and

Access Working Group from GMG, which comprises miningprofessionals from leading mine operating companies, andproduct and subject matter experts from leading miningequipment companies. Data and input for the guidelinewere developed over the course of more than six in-personworkshops spanning several years, and included nearly 100individuals who contributed their experience and insight.Even though we have not acknowledged them individually,this guideline would not have been possible without theireffort and support.

The GMG Mobile Equipment Open Data ConsensusGuideline identifies onboard datasets (see Annexes A and B)that should be openly available to equipment owners in areal-time, read-only format. As with any complex controlsystem, making unauthorized additions or modifications tothe datasets is strongly discouraged and might present sig-nificant safety and financial risks to the owner and operator.

The list was developed to represent many pieces ofmobile equipment that are common in surface and under-ground mining operations, including (Table 1):

The initial guideline is not intended to be complete orcover all equipment types and use cases for mining equip-ment data. It is intended to evolve and expand over time toinclude additional equipment and use cases as needed.Data defined as closed or undecided will be revisited infuture guideline releases, along with new data items.

5. SCOPEThe scope is to identify and develop guidelines to cre-

ate a common vision for the seamless access and use ofmobile equipment data across the mine cycle, includingboth open pit and underground, for the purpose of increas-ing operational efficiencies. The scope also includes identi-fying an initial list of the open data elements for onboardmobile mining equipment.

Many operators embrace the idea of collecting and stor-ing as much data as possible to empower knowledgeworker innovation. This guideline is intended to supportthis idea by defining a starting point for those who follow amodel of specifying requirements, building to requirement,and delivering. It can also serve as a reference for futureequipment specification purchasing requirements.

6. OTHER USEFUL DOCUMENTSThe documents listed in Section 11 are indispensable

for the application of this document. Related GMG guide-lines will be added to that section as they are published.

7. OVERVIEWThe open data dataset was developed between original

equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and their customers andthe mine operators/owners, and is based on their need toextract value from the data. This guideline outlines theonboard data groups that should be made available andopen to the equipment owner, in a read-only format. Data

Table 1. List of onboard datasets for surface and underground mines

Surface Mines (see Annex A) Underground Mines (see Annex B)Haul Trucks LHD (Load, Haul, Dump) Trucks Drills DrillsLoaders Scoops, Trams and LoadersDozers Rock BoltersHydraulic Diesel Excavators Shotcrete TrucksGraders Lifts/Fork LiftsElectric Rope Shovels ChargersScrapers Longwalls


2 | Mobile equipMent open data consensus Guideline

that are defined as closed, which also includes undecided,will be revisited in future guideline releases along withnew data items.

Although many OEMs embrace open equipment data, itshould be understood that it may take time to incorporatethese ideas into production equipment. This guidelineintentionally does not address the technical or commercialdetails of how these data are made available. Readersshould verify with their OEM the physical availability andspecifics of open data from their equipment and under-stand associated terms of use. The GMG Onboard Technol-ogy and Connectivity Working Group is addressing thistopic.

Several common beliefs provide a framework for thisguideline:• Operators and OEMs are in the best position to lead

the market regarding identification, availability, anduse of open equipment data.

• Data can be used for mine operations, equipmentoperation, and building visibility in optimizing thevalue chain.

• Equipment data/information will significantly improvemine operations across many areas, including produc-tivity, availability, sustainability, and safety.

• More equipment data will be required in the future tosupport advanced automation and autonomous vehi-cles.

• All data from mobile mining equipment needs to bereal time and read only, and must not interfere withon- or off-board control systems. Tampering with thecontrol systems presents significant risks to personnelhealth and safety, equipment, and the environment,and financial risks to the owner and operator.

• There is a difference between buying equipment andbuying equipment intellectual property (IP). Funda-mentally, information about the use and application ofthe equipment belongs to the operator, whereas infor-mation about how the equipment controls achievefunctional performance belongs to the OEM (unless IPis purchased).

• There is a difference between the data and the servicesand application systems they enable (dependencies)—competitive advantage is at the services and applica-tion layer.

• Where potential environmental, health, or safetyimpacts exist, regulatory and standards committeeswill often mandate requirements if the industry is nottaking independent action. Proactive industries tend toshape regulation instead of being subjected to theuncontrollable outcomes. To meet specific require-ments, data will need to be available in different con-

texts and formats. Thus, establishing open data princi-ples and access will support these efforts by the own-ers and operators. This guideline should help avoidgaps in expectations and facilitate the risk-sharing rela-tionship between owners and OEMs.

• Perfection is the enemy of the very good: this guide-line identifies an initial set of data but it is expectedthat the dataset will continue to expand as additionalrevisions to the guideline provide a continuousimprovement path forward.

8. PURPOSE AND PROBLEM STATEMENTMost leading enterprise mine operators are driving 21st

Century operational excellence by enhancing visibility andmanagement of continuous mine-to-mill operation, reduc-ing operating variance, and adopting an ongoing focus oncontinuous improvement innovation. This requires a signif-icant amount of technology and information, includingsource data related to the real-time and historical perfor-mance of mobile mining equipment.

In addition to open access to mobile equipment datafor value-added internal operator use, many mine operatorsare looking for advanced services to support the ongoinghealth, condition, and performance of equipment. OEMsalso require effective real-time and historical data integra-tion of the mobile equipment in the field to support theseand other services.

Thus, both mine operators and OEMs need increasingdata access to drive continual improvement in mining effi-ciencies. In the current relationship model, robust, secure,and cost effective access to these data is elusive as own-ers/operators, third-party solution providers, and OEMsstruggle with how to preserve their IP, define value-addedservice opportunities, and manage priorities in a diverseand ever-changing technical landscape. Before any indus-try-wide, technical equipment connectivity standards canemerge, a common industry vision of what data arerequired and why they are needed should be establishedbetween the operators and OEMs. This understanding willbecome the foundation for evolving the current relation-ships and driving continued improvements.

It is important to understand that—although operatorswant and need to have access to equipment data—theyhave not necessarily purchased the IP around how the OEMuses the data to configure and control their equipment sys-tems. Some data have not been included in the open datalist, not because they are “closed”, but because further dis-cussion is needed to reach agreement as to whether itexposes OEM IP. Missing data should not be interpreted asdefinitively ‘closed’ at this time.



8.1 Data Classes and Value RationaleAs part of the workshops conducted to develop this

guideline, owners and operators were asked to highlightthe value use cases driving a given data requirement. Belowis a summary analysis of their feedback, based on the spe-cific classes of data identified (Table 2). This analysis is notmeant to justify any specific data point, but instead gener-ally indicate why the data in each class are important toeach of the parties of interest. Please consider the workshopcontent in Table 2 as a qualitative directional reference,whereby dark blue indicates a high value business driver,light blue indicates a low-value business driver, and whiteindicates no value as a business driver.

9. DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT AND DATAGROUPSMining equipment names often differ among vendors,

companies, and mine sites. Therefore, a short description ofthe equipment is included in this guideline to clarify thenames used. Annexes A and B logically identify, consolidate,and categorize data value names, descriptions, andattributes in an attempt to provide a dataset for all majorOEM equipment. This hierarchical approach loosely followsISA95 standards (International Society for Automation,

2016) for describing automated equipment, but is notintended to be a definitive model. The data details vary byOEM and may not be available on all equipment, based onthe model and features of a specific piece of equipment.They are given as general descriptions for common equip-ment and features, so that an industry-wide expectationcan be established for each equipment category. Althoughadditional data may also be available from your suppliers,an effort was made to capture the most requested data as abaseline, and to define the categories. Future efforts for thisguideline may address this issue by proposing a commonnaming convention.

9.1 Surface Mining EquipmentHaul Trucks – Off-highway, rigid dump trucks or bottom

dump haulers specifically engineered for use in high-pro-duction mining and heavy-duty construction environ-ments.

Drills – Used for production blast-hole drilling in themining production cycle. The size of drilling rigs for rockblasting for surface mines depends on the size of thedesired hole, typically classified into smaller pre-split andlarger production holes.

Table 2. Heat map illustrating the outcomes of the 2015 workshops (not a definitive consensus on the full use and value of various onboard datasets)

Equipment Data Class Process Productivity Asset Health & Condition Quality & Genealogy• Implement best practices across locations • Improve vehicle cycle times• Reduce idle time• Improve overall equipment effectiveness• Increase asset utilization• Optimize haul weights

• Increase asset availability• Obtain lowest total cost of ownership• Reduce unplanned downtime• Predictive analytics - failure prevention• Condition monitoring - Condition-based maintenance

• Optimize mine operations based on geological parameters• Improve product grading & production planning• Map payload to stockpile / blending

Asset/Equipment InformationBrake SystemsDrive Train/Transmission(s)Electrical SystemsEnginesFrame & Suspension SystemsHealth Conditions / Faults & EventsHydraulic / Pneumatic Work SystemsNavigation SystemsOperator/Console SystemsPayloadTrip InformationWheels/Tracks/Tires

Owner Operator Value Drivers



Table 2. (continued)

Equipment Data Class SafetyRegulatory Compliance & Reporting

Energy & WaterManagement

• Ensure equipment used within design limits• Reduce risky behaviors• Identify training needs• Manage interaction between people & equipment• Eliminate site events

• Assess water quality & levels• Spill, recycle, reclaim incidents• Water treatment & usage• Dust & wind levels (blasting)• Noise levels

• Optimize fuel• Conserve water• Monitor & manage power• Renewables & microgrids


Owner Operator Value Drivers

Third-Party Value Drivers

Equipment Data ClassProduct Improvement (OEM)

Aftermarket Services (OEM)

Third-Party Technology & Applications

• New equipment options• Improve account management with OEMs• Resolve warranty claims quickly• Feature usage vs cost

• Condition maintanance services• Performance optimization services• Finance / lease services• Refurbish / replace recommendations

• Dispatch applications• Geospatial (GIS)• Geotechnical services• Telemetry services• Scheduling & planning• Site modelling


OEM Value Drivers



Loaders (bucket loader, front loader, front-end loader,payloader, scoop, skip loader, or wheel loader) – Heavyequipment machines used to move aside or load materialinto or onto another type of machinery (i.e., dump truck,conveyor belt, feed-hopper, or railroad car).

Dozers – Crawlers (continuous tracked tractor)equipped with a blade to push large quantities of soil, sand,rubble, or other material during mining operations or con-version work. This category also includes rubber-tired doz-ers.

Hydraulic Diesel Excavators – Hydraulic heavy equip-ment consisting of a boom, stick, bucket, and cab on arotating platform known as the “house”. The house sits atopan undercarriage with tracks or wheels, which is operatedthrough hydraulic fluid with hydraulic cylinders andhydraulic motors.

Graders (road grader, blade, maintainer, or motorgrader) – Heavy machines with a long blade to create a flatsurface during grading. Typical models have three axles: theengine and cab are situated above the rear axles at one endof the vehicle, and a third axle is at the front end of the vehi-cle with the blade in between.

Electric Rope Shovels (electric cable shovel, strippingshovel, front shovel, or electric mining shovel) – Bucket-equipped machines, usually electrically powered, operatedby cables, winches, and steel for digging and loading earthor fragmented rock and for mineral extraction.

Scrapers – Wheel tractor-scrapers are heavy equipmentused for earthmoving. The rear part has a vertically move-able hopper with a sharp, horizontal front edge. The hoppercan be hydraulically lowered and raised to cut into soil orclay like a plane and fills the hopper.

9.2 Underground Mining EquipmentLHD Trucks – Heavy equipment machines used in con-

junction with scoops, trams, and loaders to move aside orload materials into or onto another type of machinery (i.e.,dump truck, conveyor belt, or lift) or material dumping loca-tion.

Drills – Several types of drill rigs depend on the desiredpurpose, such as production, bolting, cabling, and tunnel-ing.

Scoops, Trams, and Loaders – Heavy equipment used inconjunction with LHD trucks to move aside or load materi-als into or onto another type of machinery (i.e., dump truck,conveyor belt, or lift) or material dumping location.

Rock Bolters (roof bolter) – Hydraulically driven heavyequipment used to install rock bolts in mines, tunnels, andstorage facilities.

Shotcrete Trucks – Driven heavy equipment used todeliver and agitate cement (shotcrete or Gunite) for use byspraying equipment.

Lifts/Fork Lifts – Vehicles used for roof reinforcementworks, explosive charging, and installation of cables, pipes,and ventilation equipment. Typical options include side-shift platform, platform tilt, crane, pipe installing equip-ment, air compressors, and an electrically driven powerpack for platform hydraulics.

Chargers – Heavy equipment that delivers and insertsexplosive charges for blasting operations.

Longwall – Complex underground heavy equipmentused to support the roof, “slice” panels of material, andcrush and convey it away, all while moving along the rockface.

10. GUIDELINE REVISIONS (FUTURE VERSIONS)During guideline development, the team worked to

develop strong consensus from the overall group at everystage in the process. When strong alignment could not bereached, points were tabled for subsequent discussion andversions of the guideline. The second version of this guide-line has already been initiated, with the topic ofautonomous equipment, additional equipment types, and“undecided” data groups. Data that are defined as closed,which also includes undecided, will be revisited in futureguideline releases, along with new data items.

10.1 Autonomous EquipmentThe same dataset available from manned equipment

should also be available from autonomous equipment.Additional information from the autonomous control sys-tem is also needed. To include these data groups, thereneeds to be a stronger industry vision and models for theautonomous equipment segment. A separate GMG initia-tive has begun to address this need, and will provide aframework to include autonomous control system data in afuture guideline version.

10.2 Additional Equipment TypesSeveral other categories of mobile mining equipment

were recommended for inclusion in future revisions of thisguideline, including mobile ventilation equipment and rockbreakers.

10.3 “Undecided” Data GroupsUndecided data groups did not have the strong con-

sensus needed for initial inclusion (e.g., electrical data).



10.4 Additional DatasetsAdditional data for consideration were identified during

the process including:• Transmission type• Expected fuel range• Instantaneous fuel consumption• Tire temperature• Tire flex (sidewall deflection) • Vibration• Payload calibration date (last)• Emissions• Operating time• Cabinet dust/dirt• Idle time (trip information)

Data groups that are identified as “closed” will bereviewed for the next revision. Rationales will be providedfor data groups that remain closed, and alternatives may beexplored to address important use cases.

11. RESOURCES, REFERENCES, AND RECOMMENDED READING

International Rock Excavation Data Exchange Standard(IREDES). (2016). International Rock Excavation Data ExchangeStandard – IREDES. Retrieved on February 19, 2016, fromhttp://www.iredes.org/phocadownload/publicdownload/iredeswhitepaper.pdf

International Society for Automation (2016). ISA95, Enterprise-Control System Integration. Retrieved fromhttps://www.isa.org/isa95/

OpenXC (2016) OpenXC Data Set (2016). Retrieved 19 February2016 from http://openxcplatform.com/about/data-set.html

Rachovides, M. (2013, October). The mining industry of thefuture: The European Innovation Partnership on Raw Materials.Presented at the Annual Conference of the Norwegian Miningand Quarrying Industries, Trondheim, Norway. Retrieved fromhttp://www.euromines.org/files/publications/mining-industry-future.pdf

Rio Tinto PLC and Rio Tinto Ltd. (2014). Next-generation min-ing: People and technology working together [Brochure].Retrieved on February 19, 2016, from http://www.riotinto.com/documents/Mine_of_The_Future_Brochure.pdf

W3C (2016). Vehicle data. W3C working draft, 19 January 2016.Retrieved on February 19, 2016, from https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-vehicle-data-20160119



ANNEXESThe following Surface Equipment (Annex A) and Underground Equipment (Annex B) annexes are “sample datasets” cre-

ated at the time of the 2015 workshops. They are continually evolving, and are not intended as a prescriptive dictionary orstandard for onboard datasets.

Annex A: Surface Equipment (- indicates the data are not relevant to that equipment category)



Annex B: Underground Equipment (- indicates the data are not relevant to that equipment category)

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