2015/01/19occupational safety annual briefing 2015 1 occupational safety in our laboratories michael...
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2015/01/19 Occupational safety annual briefing 2015
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Occupational safety in our Laboratories
Michael Schulz
With kind assistance of safety specialist M. Wied
Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart
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Overview
Transport and storage of cryogens and gases
Safety rules for cryogenic usageSafe handling of LASER devicesHandling and storage of chemicalsOccupational safety notes
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• Man and cryogen or gas always travel separately– the cargo-elevator for cans and gas cylinders– the staircase or the common elevator for you
• Why that?– In case the elevator gets stuck and He or N2 is leaking, you
might suffocate before the service technicians get you out• Therefore block the cargo elevator with the priority key!
– Elevator works only with registered smart cards (see Mr. Winzenz 3M29.1)
General transportation rules for cryogens and gases
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• Priority keys for the cargo elevator:– 6 D 10 inside the Dosimeter safe– 7 B 11 at the doorframe on the right hand side
Transporting LHe- and LN2- cans
• To avoid pressure build-up, always connect He-cans to the return line immediately after transport
• Only unpressurized transport for LN2-cans
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Transporting gas cylinders
• Only without pressure regulating valves
• Safety cap fixed on top
• Use chain in cargo elevator
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Storage of gas cylinders• Use chains to prevent gas bottles from
toppling over
• Close pressure regulating valve, but leave the main valve open
Main valve
Pressure regulating valve
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• Should be stored inside gas cylinder cabinet
• Try to reduce amount of gas cylinders to the minimum
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Safety precautions for refilling cryogens
• Wear protective equipment
• Cover skin
• Wear close-toed shoes
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• Before you start check the tubes for cracks, they might break during refilling procedure
• Frozen tubes are brittle, so keep your distance and beware of flying debris and cold exhaust
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• Ambient medium condenses on the surface of Non-insulated ducts, transporting cold He-gas or liquid He.
• At first, humidity freezes as ice on the surface of the ducts.
• Hereafter the most dangerous state, the selective condensation of oxygen at -183°C (90 K), begins. Ice is now “washed off“ off the ducts.
• Oxygen is dripping from the duct. Due to increased concentration of oxygen at ground level there is a fire hazard!
Refilling liquid He and N2
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• To avoid selective condensation choose slow filling rate boil off reduced
• Keep electric equipment out of range of the higher oxygen concentration
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• Prior to refilling your system check tubes and valves
• Always wear protective clothing
• Choose slower filling rates
• Avoid refilling when you‘re alone
• Stop refilling LN2 and LHe immediately when exhaust turns liquid
Summary
Our magnet systems
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16 Tesla Oxford
9 Tesla PPMS and 9 Tesla Oxford
7 Tesla VSM-Squid
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Cross section of cryostat
4x LIFTING LUGSRUPTURE DISC
LIQUID NITROGENFILL PORTS
EVACUATIONVALVE
o 28
.00
LIQUID HELIUM
LIQUID NITROGEN
ACTIVATEDCHARCOAL
NITROGENJACKET
LIQUID NITROGENFILL PORTS
SUPER-INSULATION
17.1
2
6.62
31.0
29.
75
40.7
7+
25
0 0
00
-
6.52 ID
24.00
45.5
01
25+ -
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Magnet-quenchA Laboratory has approx. 75 m³ capacity of breathable air,
stored energy inside magnet at maximum field: 100 KJ
In case of a quench this energy is yielded to the He,causing an immediate boil off of up to 40 l He.
The produced amount of gas is approx. 30 m³ He-gas.
Thus the oxygen concentration of the ambient air is reduced to
approx. 60 %.That means 12.6 % instead of 21 %.
Leave lab immediately ! lack of oxygen !
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Composition of atmospheric air
H2 He Ne Ar Kr Xe N2 O2
Volumetric content [%]
0,9378,0
820,9
4
Volumetric content [ppm]
0,5 5,2418,1
81,14
0,087
Boiling point[K]
20,4 4,2 27,1 87,3119,
8165 77,3 90,3
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Consequences of oxygen deficiency
11 – 17 Vol% O2: unrecognized physical and mentalloss of efficiency
8 – 11 Vol% O2: after several minutes without warning loss of consciousness
6 – 8 Vol% O2: unconsciousness in a few minutes
< 6 Vol% O2: instant unconsciousness, after 4 minutes persistant cerebral
damages, after 8 minutes death
Spectrum of LASER devices
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Wavelength range
Effect on the eyes Effect on the skin
100-315 nm Inflammation of the cornea sunburns, acceleratedageing, skin cancer
315-400 nm Lens opacification
Darkening of pigment, burns400-700 nm Retinal injury
3000 nm- 1mm Corneal burn
Lens opacification, retinal injury
700-1400 nm
1400-3000 nm Lens opacification, corneal burn
Burns
CO2-Laser
Nd-YAG-Laser
UV
VIS
IR
Excimer-Laser
High-performance diode Laser
Increased pigmentation, skin cancer
He-Ne-Laser
Effects of LASER-Beams
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Classification of Laser-devices
Laser
class
possible
threat
typical power P
typical application
1 Safe under reasonably predictable conditions
P < 0,4 µW DVD-Player scanning cash register
1MHazardous to the eye only when passed through magnifying optics such as microscopes and telescopes
P < 0,4 µW
with beam-
diameter > 7 mm
measuring Laser
with widening (data transfer)
2Intentional suppression of the blink reflex > 0,25s could lead to eye injury
P < 1 mWLaserpointer, Laser mechanic‘s level
acc. to BGV B2 and BGI 832
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Classification of Laser-devices
Laser
class
possible
threat
typical power P
typical application
2MHazardous only if viewed through optical instruments
P < 1 mW with beam-
diameter > 7 mm
Laser projector
3 AHazardous only if viewed through optical instruments
P < 5 mW with beam-
diameter > 7 mm
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Classification of Laser-devices
Laser
class
possible
threat
typical power P
typical application
3 RRadiation exceeds the MPE values, safety glasses are recommended
P < 5 mWtargeting laser (mil.)
3 Bhazardous to the eyes and skin, safety glasses are obligatory
P < 500 mW beauty treatment
4hazardous to the eyes and skin, safety glasses and PSE are obligatory
P > 500 mW
High performance
research Laser, medical applications, cutting and welding
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Labeling of Laser-devices
LASER RADIATIONDO NOT STARE INTO BEAMCLASS 2 LASER PRODUCTAcc. to EN 60825-1:2001P 1 mW; = 632,8 nm
Warning sign
Additional label withPerformance parameters
Laser class 1 and 1M:
Need not to be labeled explicitly if performance parameters are included in the manual by the manufacturer.
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Shield the laserbeam
Decrease laserpower to the effectively needed energy level
Fence off laser work area
Avoid sphere of influence of the laserbeam
Use personal safety equipment
Protection from laser irradiation
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Eye protection, labeling
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• Never forget to wear your personal protective equipment / check internal plant instructions
• Use fume hoods for working with solvents and other chemicals
• To dispose ask Mr. Konrad from the supply store
• For storage there is an hazmat cabinet in 6D12
Basics for handling chemicals
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Personal Protective Equipment
The supply store can provide you with tables, equipment and further advice.
For Lab-coats see Ms. Bühler next to the supply store.
Handling aggressive chemicals
Such as Hydrofluoric acid (HF) for etching samples:•Listen to instructions given by trained personnel•Be extremely careful and double check your PPE!•Your PPE might be contaminated don‘t touch it after removal!
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HF burn, not evident until a day after (wikipedia)
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Occupational safety notes
• Internal plant instructions for handling equipment and chemicals
• System instruction
• Guidelines (Institutssicherheitsordnung)
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Internal plant instructions
• In every Lab near exit• Marked with bright
green arrow• Contain important
instructions
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System instruction
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GUIDELINES AND RULES OF THE MAX PLANCK SOCIETYON A RESPONSIBLE APPROACH TO FREEDOM OF RESEARCH
AND RESEARCH RISKS
* The following “Max Planck Society Guidelines and Rules on a ResponsibleApproach to Freedom of Research and Research Risks” were drawn up by the“Security and Defense Research” Working Group, with the support of the EthicsCouncil of the Max Planck Society, at the request of the Scientific Councilof the Max Planck Society and were unanimously approved by both bodies. TheScientific Council of the Max Planck Society acknowledged the rules with approvalat its meeting of February 18, 2010 and decided to recommend approvalof the rules to the Senate of the Max Planck Society which also approved it inits meeting of March 19, 2010.
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In case of further questions
Feel free to see me in my office:
6 A 9
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Thank you for your attention!