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2015 IEPR Staff Workshop onPlug Load Efficiency

Vojin Zivojnovic, Ph.D.06/18/2015

© AGGIOS, Inc.

Irvine, CA

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About us

• California startup (SBE):– Focus: Research and innovation to save energy– In depth technical expertise in power optimizations (plug load, mobile,

internet of things) – Independent, fully employee-owned

• Our vision: Software defined power and energy management based on industry standards

• Why we are here:– Support Commission’s plug load efficiency activities– Promote mobile efficiency for plug load devices – Increase awareness of the new IEEE P2415 & CSA standards

Learning from NatureHUMANS design

systems …NATURE designs

systems …

… for maximumperformance

… for maximumefficiencysource:

professor Jan RabaeyUC Berkeley3

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Energy-Proportional Computing

Luiz André Barroso and Urs Hölzle:The Case for Energy-Proportional Computing

Google Inc., 2007

Machines that consume energy in proportion to the amount of work performed

LESS energy-proportional device MORE energy-proportional device

Example: Computer Idle Power

Assembly consumer PC Commercial PC0

5

10

15

20

2522.0

21.0

12.4

17.5

8.69.7

Default configOptimized configOptimized PSUId

le w

atts Short idle

Long idle

CEC levels-61% -54%

AGGIOS: Desktop Computer Optimization Analysis and Demonstration Project,2015 Appliance Efficiency Pre-Rulemaking on Computers, Docket # 14-AAER-2

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Energy-Proportional Ecosystem

INVESTED ENERGY

USEFUL WORK

price&

incentives

homeenergy bill

& smart meter

utilitiesregulation

utilitiesoversight

homeenergy

management

deviceconsumption

reporting

powermanagement

activitymonitoring

Energy-Proportional Plug Loads

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SOFTWARE

HARDWARE

DEMANDRESPONSE

AUTOMATION

CODES&STANDARDS

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Energy-Proportional Plug Loads

SOFTWARE

HARDWARE

DEMANDRESPONSE

AUTOMATION

CODES&STANDARDS

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Challenges and Solutions

• Main challenges for energy-proportional consumer electronics:– Component costs and development time:

• Large suppliers with large ecosystems – few big mountains to move• Small suppliers have small budgets – many small mountains to move

– Energy topic only attractive for mobility and servers – Experts rather join the “Apples” of the world

• Solution: Weave energy-proportionality into the unified electronics ecosystem:– Expand the mobile efficiency ecosystem to include plug loads– Commission is in a position to combine carrots and sticks:

• Technical standards reduce costs and improve profitability for the industry• Government regulations motivate investments

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Example: VHDL standard

• Initiated in 1981 by the U.S. Department of Defense:– Carrot: DOD funded the development of the new industry standard

to document behavior of electronic devices

– Stick: DOD regulations accept only VHDL documented equipment

• VHDL ecosystem spurred the $10B EDA/IP global industry (mainly California based)

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IEEE P2415: New Energy Standard

• Unified Hardware Abstraction for Energy-Proportional Electronic Devices

• Based on AGGIOS’ work on the UHA format• 40+ experts from 25 companies including:

– AMD, ARM, Broadcom, Cadence, Cisco, Intel, LG, Mediatek, Mentor, Microsoft, Nvidia, Qualcomm, Samsung, Synopsys, Xilinx

• Unifies the components, software and methodology for efficient power and energy management of mobile, plug load and IoT devices

• One of the most active IEEE efforts at the moment• Supported by SDGE project for customer premises IoT devices

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https://standards.ieee.org/develop/wg/UHA.html

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CSA: Computing Appliances Standard

• Started as Pacific Coast Collaborative (PCC) project based on AGGIOS submission to CEC*

• British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines, BC Hydro and CSA approved the development of the seed document by AGGIOS

• Computers, media players, gaming consoles, set top boxes converge and offer same functionality with vastly different energy efficiency

* AGGIOS: Unified Energy Efficiency Standard for Computing Appliances,2013 Consumer Electronics Rulemaking, Docket 12-AAER-2A

2W 73W36X

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Horizontal Standard for Equipment Class

CURRENT STANDARDS NEW STANDARD

• Video, audio, browsing, sleep and idle states to be unified across the equipment class

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Recommendations

• Plug loads: Lowest hanging fruit for the Commission and DOE for significant energy savings

• Mobile efficiency is the path to follow to improve plug load energy efficiency for wide classes of devices

• Unified mobile and plug load components, software and standards present the most cost effective and fastest way to influence the electronics ecosystem

• We recommend that the Commission takes sponsorship over key technical standards focused on plug load energy efficiency

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… think energy.