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Katedra i Zakład Histologii i Embriologii Centrum Biostruktury Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny

2014/2015 HISTOLOGY & EMBRYOLOGY

6 years MD PROGRAM

Textbooks 1. Gartner L. P., Hiatt J. L., “ Color Textbook of Histology”, Saunders Elsevier, third edition 2. Sadler T.W. ,”Medical embryology”, 2013, twelfth edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Additional 1. Ross M.H., Pawlina W. “Histology: A text and atlas”, 2011, sixth edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2. Schoenwolf G.C., Bleyl S.B., Brauer P.R., Francis-West P.H. “Larsen’s human embryology”, 2009, fourth edition,

Elsevier Churchill Livingstone 3. Moore K.L., Persaud T.V.N., Torchia M.G. “The developing human: Clinically oriented embryology”, 2013, ninth edition,

Elsevier Saunders 4. Eroschenko V.P. “ diFiore’s Atlas of histology with functional correlations”, 2013, twelfth edition, Lippincott Williams &

Wilkins 5. Gartner L. P., Hiatt J. L. “Color Atlas of Histology”, 2009, fifth edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 6. Cui D. “Atlas of histology with functional and clinical correlations”, 2011, first edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

SEMINARS & PRACTICAL CLASSES WINTER SEMESTER GENERAL HISTOLOGY

1. October 13, 15. 2014 Seminar: microscope, histological technique.

Practical class: Various cell types. - fibroblasts (slide # 97), - isolated cells from smooth muscles (slide # 19), - nerve cells impregnated with silver nitrate (slide # 112), - proper use of the light microscope (text # 21),

2. October 20, 22. 2014 Seminar: compartments of cells and their function. Practical class: Electron microscope and cell structure.

astrocytes microtubules

- mitochondria (EM # 42, 51), - endoplasmic reticulum (EM # 2), - the Golgi complex & microtubules (EM # 12) - endosomes & lysosomes (EM # 54), - microtubules (EM # 33), - proteasomes (text & EM # 98) - peroxisomes (EM # 8), - amino acids (text # 27),

- lipid rafts & caveolae (text #143) - biologically active compounds (derived from fatty a cids and phospholipids) -

released from cell membranes (text & fig. # 13) microtubule

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3. October 27, 29. 2014 Seminar: cell cycle and its regulation. Practical class: Cell division.

human chromosomes – blue;

centromeres – white

- mitosis in sections of limb obtained from 16.5-day- old mouse fetus (slide # 4), - mitosis in in vitro cultured cells (slide # 1), - nucleus and nucleolus (EM # 52), - nucleosomes and nucleofilaments (EM # 231), - sex chromatin (fig. # 30), - motor proteins – dynein and kinesin (fig. # 11),

bipolar spindle

- hypothetical mechanism of chromosome movement dur ing anaphase (fig. # 3, 4), - microtubules attached to the kinetochore and sche matic drawing of a chromosome

(fig. & EM # 29), - human metaphase chromosomes visualized by various methods (fig. # 132), - inborn deformations caused by abnormal number or structure of chromosomes (text

& fig. # 89)

4. November 3, 5. 2014 Seminar: structure and function of epithelial tissue. Practical class: Epithelial tissue, glands.

- simple squamous epithelium - cornea (slide # 3a),

simple columnar epithelium

- simple columnar epithelium - jejunum (slide # 51a), - simple cuboidal epithelium - thyroid gland (slide # 8), - stratified squamous epithelium – cornea (slide # 3a ), - pseudostratified columnar epithelium - trachea (sli de # 60), - stratified cuboidal epithelium (transitional) - uri nary bladder (slide # 67),

5. November 10, 12. 2014 Seminar: structure and function of connective tissue proper and adipose tissue. Practical class: Connective tissue proper and adipose tissue.

phagocytosis of cancer cell by

macrophage (pink)

- loose connective tissue – mesentery, mast cells, el astic fibers (slide # 9), - dense connective tissue – tendon (slide # 7), - unilocular (yellow) adipose tissue – hypodermis (sl ide # 38), - multilocular (brown) adipose tissue (slide # 110), - reticular fibers - spleen (slide # 113), - leptin, the hormone of satiety, secreted by adipocy tes (text # 22). - “Crocodile people” - photo # 24

6. November 17, 19. 2014 Seminar: structure of cartilage and bone. Practical class: Cartilage and bone.

hyaline cartilage

- hyaline cartilage (slide # 10), - elastic cartilage – epiglottis (slide # 12), - compact bone – ground section (slide # 14), - compact bone, decalcified (slide # 16), - the aggregate of proteoglycans (fig. # 49), - cartilage nous proteoglycans (fig. # 97), - schematic representations of cartilage and bone pro teoglycans (fig. # 55).

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- molecular biology of achondroplasia, hypochondropla sia and tanatophoric dysplasia (text, figure & photo # 23).

- reconstruction of defects in articular surface cart ilage with transplantation of isolated chondrocytes (text & photo # 48).

compact bone, decalcified

7. November 24, 26. 2014 Seminar: Development of various types of bone tissue; rebui lding of bones. Practical class: Bone formation. - capsule of synovial joint (slide # 15), - intramembranous ossification (slide # 17), - endochondral ossification – late stage (slide # 18) , - synovial membrane of joint capsule (slide # 59), (Fragment of synovial membrane from human knee join t. A layer of

synoviocytes rests on the cushion of fat cells. Num erous blood vessels are present. The layer of synov iocytes contains both fibroblasts (F cells) and macrophages (M cells), bu t they are difficult to distinguish without special staining. F cells usually have elongated nuclei with the long axis parallel t o the surface of the synovial membrane. Nuclei of M cells are usually larger and more rounded. L. general structure of synovial membrane; H. a layer of synoviocytes.)

osteon

- vascular system of bone and bone marrow cavity (fig . # 63), - osteoporosis (text # 38), - the role of cell-to-cell interactions in osteoclast formation (text & fig. # 56), - changes occurring in bones in osteoporosis (fig. # 86), - osteogenic groove and perichondral ring (text & pho to # 28).

8. December 1, 3. 2014 Seminar: Structure, organization and function of peripheral nervous system. Practical class: Nervous tissue. Peripheral nervous system.

- isolated nerve fiber (slide # 25), - peripheral nerve (slide # 27), - peripheral nerve – impregnated with OsO 4 (slide # 26), - dorsal root ganglion (slide # 76), - nerve cells in the spinal cord – tigroid (slide # 7 5), - axon (EM # 79), - Nissl bodies (EM # 18), - tau protein (EM # 37),

motoneuron

- molecular structure of tau & MAP proteins (fig. # 7 7) - diagram of an axon and its cover - that is, the mye lin and Schwann cell - as seen with

the light microscope (fig. # 64), - diagram of an axon and its covering sheaths in long itudinal section to show the

relationship between the axon, myelin, and the cyto plasm of the Schwann cell and the node of Ranvier (fig. # 65),

- diagram to aid in conceptualising of the relationsh ip of myelin and cytoplasm of a Schwann cell (fig. # 66).

9. December 8, 10. 2014 Seminar: Structure, organization and function of muscular t issue. Practical class: Muscle.

- smooth muscular tissue - the wall of jejunum (slide # 13), - cross-striated muscle - tongue (slide # 20),

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cardiac muscle

- cardiac muscle (slide # 23), - cross-striation in the muscle (slide # 22), - intercalated disc (EM # 16 & 39), - satellite cells (EM # 7), - sarcoplasmic reticulum (EM # 40), - sarcomere (EM # 75) - dystrophin & utrophin (fig. # 84)

10. December 15, 17. 2014 Seminar: Formation of particular types of blood cells. Practical class: Blood and bone marrow.

blood in the tube

- blood film (slide # 104), - smear of bone marrow cells (slide # 35a), - the section of red bone marrow (slide # 35), - lymphocytes fixed as a suspension and in the smear (EM # 59), - scheme of platelet function (fig. # 68). - blood morphology analysis by flow cytometry (text & fig. # 67).

11. January 5, 7. 2015 Seminar: Structure of vessels with particular emphasis on f unction of endothelial cells. Practical class: Circulatory system.

human aorta cross section

- heart (slide # 33), - aorta stained with resorcin (elastic membranes and fibers) (slide # 31), - aorta stained with HE (slide # 30), - muscular artery and vein (slide # 29), - capillaries – mesentery (slide # 28), - troponins – acute myocardial infarction diagnosis ( Text & fig. # 35) - Weibel – Palade body (EM # 58), - endocrine cells of the heart (EM # 60), - natriuretic hormone of atrium (atriopeptine, ANF) ( Text # 57).

12. January 12, 14. 2015 Practical class: Practical intermediate examination in General Histology

Theoretical intermediate examination (MCQ) in Gener al Histology - January 17, 2015 - on Saturday for all groups

EMBRYOLOGY

13. January 19, 21. 2015 Seminar: Hormones produces by the hypophysis, regulation by the hypothalamus. Practical class: Endocrine glands. Retake of the practical intermediate examination in General Histology (Students who did not pass practical part of any ex amination before the date of the retake exam, will not qualify for the retake MCQ test)

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slides: hypophysis (no. 40), • thyroid gland (no. 8), • parathyroid gland (no. 90), • suprarenal gland (no. 39), • pineal gland (no. 49), • chromaffin reaction in the suprarenal gland (no. 5) ,

specimen x (no. 32) – please, answer the following questions: hypophysis

Can you recognise in this specimen: 1) epithelium (if the answer is yes what type is i t?), 2) glands (if the answer is yes, what type are the y?), 3) fibroblasts, 4) adipocytes (fat cells), 5) fibers: a)collagen, b)elastic, 6) stratified muscle cells, 7) smooth muscle cells, 8) blood vessels, arterioles, venules, 9) capillaries, 10) nerves.

thyroid gland

electronograms: • primary hyperparathyroidis (text & fig. 85 ), • photograph of a patient with a thyroglossal cyst (p hoto. 87),

Retake of the theoretical intermediate examination (MCQ) in General histology - February 28, 2015 - on Saturday for all groups

14. January 26, 28. 2015 Seminar: Structure of female reproductive system and its ho rmonal regulation. Practical class: Female reproductive system.

- ovary (slide # 72), - corpus luteum (slide # 94), - oviduct (slide # 73), - uterus (slide # 74), - fragments of uterus wall obtained from biopsy:

• slide # 105 proliferative phase, • slide # 105a – secretory phase

Theoretical (MCQ) intermediate examination 2014/20 15

General histology

• January 17, 2015 - Saturday Theoretical (MCQ) intermediate examination in General Histology

• February 28, 2015 - Saturday Retake of the theoretical (MCQ) intermediate examin ation in General Histology

• April 25, 2015 - Saturday Last retake of the theoretical (MCQ) intermediate e xamination in General Histology

Dates of all examinations are not subject to negoti ation.