2014 network evolution ii 1 john wright [email protected] 1976 to …
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20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 11
Net
wor
k E
volu
tion
IIN
etw
ork
Evo
lutio
n II
John WrightJohn Wright
[email protected]@bell.net
1976 to ….
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 22
Can
adia
n S
cene
Can
adia
n S
cene
Bell
MTSSGT
AGTBCT
MT&T
NT
NBT
QT
ITTelusSaskTel
BC Tel.Alberta Government Tel.Saskatchewan Govt. Tel.Manitoba Telephone SystemBell Canada
Quebec Tel.NB Tel.Maritime Tel. & Tel.Island Tel.Newoundland Tel.
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 33
Add
Cel
lula
rA
dd C
ellu
lar
Bell
MTS
MT&T
NT
NBTQT
ITR O G E R STelus
SaskTel
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 44
Net
wor
kN
etw
ork
Im
prov
emen
ts Im
prov
emen
ts TransmissionTransmission– FOTSFOTS
SwitchingSwitching– Electronic, digitalElectronic, digital
SignallingSignalling– Common Channel (Data Network)Common Channel (Data Network)
Dynamic RoutingDynamic Routing
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 55
Tra
nsm
issi
onT
rans
mis
sion
FibreFibre– Most heavy route LDMost heavy route LD
Redundancy designed inRedundancy designed in
– To the homeTo the home
Heavy route microwave – goneHeavy route microwave – goneShort and/or light route Short and/or light route microwave – almost gonemicrowave – almost goneMicrowave or cable (paired or Microwave or cable (paired or co-ax) being replaced by FOTSco-ax) being replaced by FOTS
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 66
Sw
itchi
ngS
witc
hing
ElectromechanicalElectromechanical– GoneGone
Electronic - AnalogueElectronic - Analogue– Look hard, you may find someLook hard, you may find some
Electronic – DigitalElectronic – Digital– Almost universalAlmost universal
Electronic – OpticalElectronic – Optical– Coming ??Coming ??
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 77
Sw
itchi
ng H
iera
rchy
Sw
itchi
ng H
iera
rchy
Class 2
Class 4
Class 1
Class 5
Class 3
Regional Centre
Sectional Centre
Primary Centre
Toll Centre
End Office Loops
Trunks
613 416, 519705514
819
Montreal
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 88
Num
berin
g P
lan
Num
berin
g P
lan Country Code 1, 2 or 3 digitsCountry Code 1, 2 or 3 digits
(Canada & US is 1, UK is 44, Taiwan is 886)(Canada & US is 1, UK is 44, Taiwan is 886)
Area Code 3 digits, middle is 0 or 1Area Code 3 digits, middle is 0 or 1 (Eastern Ontario is 613)(Eastern Ontario is 613)
C. O. Code 3 digits, first one is not 0 or 1C. O. Code 3 digits, first one is not 0 or 1 (Carleton is 520)(Carleton is 520)
Subscriber 4 digitsSubscriber 4 digits ((Halim YanikomerogluHalim Yanikomeroglu is 5734) is 5734)
1 - 613 - 520 - 5734 is unique
Problem – North America ran out of area codesSolution – remove the 0 or 1 restriction
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 99
Sig
nalli
ngS
igna
lling Common Channel SignallingCommon Channel Signalling
– A data networkA data network– Computer accessComputer access
Separation between voice and signalling
Signalling information for many voice channels on one signal channel
Effectively a data network
Before, after and during
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 1010
Based on the OSI modelBased on the OSI modelC
CS
For
mat
CC
S F
orm
at
88 6 1 7 1 728 16 8n ( n= 2 to 256)
F CK SIF SIO LIFIB
FSNBIB
BSN F
FF FlagFlag
BSNBSN Backward Sequence NumberBackward Sequence Number
BIBBIB Backward Indicator BitBackward Indicator Bit
FSNFSN Forward Sequence NumberForward Sequence Number
FIBFIB Forward Indicator BitForward Indicator Bit
LILI Length IndicatorLength Indicator
SIOSIO Service Information OctetService Information Octet
SIFSIF Signalling Information FieldSignalling Information Field
CKCK Check BitsCheck Bits
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 1111
OS
I & C
CS
7O
SI &
CC
S7
6 Presentation
7 Application
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link
1 Physical
6 Presentation
7 Application
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link
1 Physical
OSI Model
TUP MAP
CCS 7
TUP - Telephone User PartMAP – Mobile Application Part
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 1212
Sw. C
CC
S B
asic
Arc
hite
ctur
eC
CS
Bas
ic A
rchi
tect
ure
SignalTransfer
Point (STP)
Sw. A Sw. B
Trunks
Disassociated
Associated
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 1313
CC
S7
Net
wor
k C
CS
7 N
etw
ork
Arc
hite
ctur
eA
rchi
tect
ure
STP
STP STP
STP
STP
STP
Links toSecondary STPs
TOLL (Primary ) STPs
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 1414
Mob
ile A
pplic
atio
n P
art
Mob
ile A
pplic
atio
n P
art
Provides Services to Mobile Phone UsersProvides Services to Mobile Phone Users– Location managementLocation management– Call handlingCall handling
RoutingRouting
RoamingRoaming
Called party availabilityCalled party availability
Etc.Etc.
Originally used RADIUS– Remote Authentication Dial In User Service
Now ‘Diameter’– Internet Engineering Task Force
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 1515
HP
R -
Dyn
amic
Rou
ting
HP
R -
Dyn
amic
Rou
ting
HPRCOMPUTERVANC (or CAL,
EDM, etc)
St. JOHNS (orHFX, etc.)
TORONTO MONTREAL
OT
Trunks
Control
Monitoring
Effective in big-city networks
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 1616
The
Bal
ance
Shi
ftsT
he B
alan
ce S
hifts Long distanceLong distance
– Cost and price plummetCost and price plummet– No longer the financial mainstayNo longer the financial mainstay– Built-in to cellphone serviceBuilt-in to cellphone service
Local serviceLocal service– New services with good revenuesNew services with good revenues– BUTBUT Competition from cellphones Competition from cellphones
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 1717
CLA
SS
Ser
vice
sC
LAS
S S
ervi
ces
• Call Forwarding• Calling Line ID• Calling Line ID Blocking• Auto Recall• Auto Call Back• Call Waiting• Ident-a-call
ShipmentsShipments 20122012 20162016
Non-smartNon-smart 893m893m 719m719m
SmartSmart 695m695m 1342m1342m
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 1818
Inte
llige
nt S
ervi
ces
1In
telli
gent
Ser
vice
s 1
800 (888, 877, 866)800 (888, 877, 866) Switch
Database
The 800 database can beprogrammed to return
different numbers depending on the calling number, calling location
and time-of-day
Signalling links
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 1919
Inte
llige
nt S
ervi
ces
2In
telli
gent
Ser
vice
s 2
Calling Card CheckingCalling Card Checking Switch
Database
Signalling links
The Calling Card databasefully automates the Q & Abetween an ‘operator’ and
the customer
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 2020
Inte
rcon
nect
ion
Issu
esIn
terc
onne
ctio
n Is
sues
Bell localBell local
Bell localOther local
Bell LDOther LD
Bell LDOther LD
Bell localOther local
Bell LD Bell localBell local
• How do you connect?• How do you share the revenue?
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 2121
1969 ARPAnet1969 ARPAnet
1980s NSFnet (US), CA*net (Canada)1980s NSFnet (US), CA*net (Canada)
1991 HTML (CERN) 1991 HTML (CERN) WWWWWW
1993 Mosaic 1993 Mosaic NetscapeNetscape
Inte
rnet
- O
rigin
sIn
tern
et -
Orig
ins
Academia Business Public
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 2222
100 years of control, growth and industrial 100 years of control, growth and industrial stabilitystability
Followed by 20 years of changeFollowed by 20 years of change
Followed by tumultFollowed by tumult
Leading to: Leading to: - Anarchy? - Chaos? - Survival of the fittest- Anarchy? - Chaos? - Survival of the fittest
The technology is digitalThe technology is digital
Sum
mar
yS
umm
ary
The key words are
Change & Competition
20142014 Network Evolution IINetwork Evolution II 2323Is th
e N
etw
ork
Rel
evan
t?Is
the
Net
wor
k R
elev
ant? YesYes
– All voice traffic is carried on the networkAll voice traffic is carried on the networkIncluding LD cellphone callsIncluding LD cellphone calls
– All Internet traffic is carried on the networkAll Internet traffic is carried on the network– All other data is carried on the networkAll other data is carried on the network
ButBut– It is becoming a passive carrierIt is becoming a passive carrier– Services are provided at the endsServices are provided at the ends