the life and work of frank lloyd wrightusers.etown.edu/w/wunderjt/architecture lectures... ·...

THE LIFE AND WORK OF

FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

PART 3:

Ages 34 (1901) to 42 (1909)

In Chicago

by JT Wunderlich PhD

PART 1 Frank Lloyd Wright, Age 0-19 (1867-1886) Formative Years

Historical & Social Context: Post-Civil War recession, Industrial revolution, Farm life, Preacher/Musician Father, Teacher/Mother, Mother's large influential Unitarian farming family, Unitarian beliefs, Nature, Parent’s divorce

ARCHITECTURE: Froebel education (blocks, etc), Barns & Farm houses, Roots of his organic architecture


Historical & Social Context: The rebuilding of Chicago after the Great Fire, Wife Anna and first five children

ARCHITECTURE: Louis Sullivan, Beginnings of his organic architecture

PART 3 Frank Lloyd Wright, Age 34-41 (1901-1908) THIS LECTURE

Historical & Social Context: Post-mid-1800’s opening of Japan, Pre-WW1 Europe, Arts &Crafts, Six children

ARCHITECTURE: Began his Prairie Style, First trip to Japan (1905)

PART 4 Frank Lloyd Wright, Age 42-47 (1909-1914)

Historical & Social Context: Secession movement in Austria, Living in Italy (1909/10), Returning to his mother's family's farmland to build Taliesin, Mistress murdered

ARCHITECTURE: Continued prairie style while seeking other inspirations and social philosophies, Taliesin


Historical & Social Context: WWI, Roaring 20’s, A short 2nd marriage, 3rd marriage to Olgivanna (Olga), CA, Japan

ARCHITECTURE: California (and Arizona) Textile Houses, Designs in Japan


Historical & Social Context: The Great Depression(1930's), WWII(1939-45), Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan; Modernism, Living with no money, Taliesin Fellowship (Olga's idea)

ARCHITECTURE: Broadacre city, Usonian Houses, Taliesin West

PART 7 Frank Lloyd Wright, Age 79-91 (1946-1958) -- died in 1958

Historical & Social Context: Post WWII economic boom, Cold War, Communal living at Taliesin, Modernism

ARCHITECTURE: Modern materials and methods

PART 8 Post Frank Lloyd Wright -- Olga continues Taliesin Fellowship (1958-1985)

http://users.etown.edu/w/wunderjt/Architecture Lectures/Frank Lloyd Wright AGE 0 TO 19.pdf





http://users.etown.edu/w/wunderjt/Architecture Lectures/Skeleton Beneath the Skin.pdf







http://users.etown.edu/w/wunderjt/Architecture Lectures/2013_Japan_Urban_Design_and_Arcitecture.pdf







http://users.etown.edu/w/wunderjt/home_personal_ITALY_ALL.html






https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olgivanna_Lloyd_Wright

















INFLUENCES up to Age 34 (1901)

PLACES

New England, mostly Rural Wisconsin

Chicago, and Oak Park suburb

PEOPLE

Father Preacher/Musician, Mother Teacher & Unitarian farmer family

Wife Anna, and the first five of six children

Architects:

EVENTS

“The Machine”

Rebuilding Chicago after 1871 fire

1893 Worlds Fair in Chicago

Designed his home

Starts own practice

Designed homes in Oak Park

Farms until age 20

Allan Conover Joseph Silsbee

1887 CHICAGO

Louis Sullivan

Wife Catherine

Father Mother

He sees Japanese Pavilion at 1893 Worlds Fair

His home in Oak Park First project of his own Practice

“THE ART AND CRAFT OF THE MACHINE” [WRIGHT 1901]

“in the machine lies the only future of art and craft … the

machine is the metamorphosis of ancient art and craft… we

are at last face to face with the machine - the modern

Sphinx - whose riddle the artist must solve … I hope to

prove that the machine is capable of carrying to fruition high

ideals in art -- higher than the world has yet seen”

“Machines and the automatic process… Quantity

production … was already an inflexible necessity ,

either as enemy or friend, commercial machine

standardization had taken the life of handcraft … I

wanted to realize genuine new forms.”

Frank Lloyd Wright

at age 34 (1901)

ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE DESIGN PRINCIPLES [WRIGHT 1908 , WRIGHT 1954, WRIGHT 1957, WRIGHT 1908]

Architecture = Music

Strong geometries (Like wood blocks)

“Human scale is true building scale”

Conform to site, sun, hillsides

Open floor plan -"a unified whole“ - inside and out

Orchestrate the Sun; into house, and via site (e.g., put house on North side of lot)

Often orient house 90 degrees to street (with entry on side)

"Destroy the box" eliminate Victorian box-type rooms (then create “Zoned Plan” of activities)

“Interior space made exterior as architecture”

Flow between interior and exterior “Walls become screens” – Bands of windows

Use materials in natural state; same on exterior and interior

“Bring out nature of materials.” Also, later, innovate materials.

Only “Integral ornament”

“Fixtures assimilated into structure… Furniture built in”

“color schemes…soft warm optimistic tones of earths and autumn leaves”

Frank Lloyd Wright

at age 34 (1901)

OPEN FLOOR PLAN

(like Japanese)

34 YEARS OLD (1901) [WRIGHT 1908 , WRIGHT 1954, WRIGHT 1957, WRIGHT 1908, STORRER 2017]

His “Prairie Style” expands on his “Organic Architecture”

“planes close to earth identify with ground”

• Complimenting wide open plains of the Midwest

“Folded Plane” like origami … “Continuity”…

• ”walls, ceilings, and floors become one”

Pin-wheeled Planes

Frank Lloyd Wright

S.054 Willets Residence, Illinois 1901

34 YEARS OLD (1901)

Pinwheeled Planes

Frank Lloyd Wright

Prairie Cruciform pinwheeled-plane type floor plan

http://www.steinerag.com/flw/Artifact%20Pages/PhRtS142.htm

http://www.steinerag.com/flw/Artifact Pages/PhRtS142.htm

His “Prairie Style” emphasizes the Horizontal

“I extended horizontal spacing without enlarging the building by cutting out all

the room partitions that did not serve the kitchen or give needed privacy…

Freedom of floor space and elimination of useless Heights …Sense of repose

in flat planes and quiet streamline effects”

His” Horizontal” also emphasized by:

Interiors with low ceilings and bands of windows at eye-level

Wall above window bands painted same color as ceiling

Bands of interior horizontal trim work

Extended roof overhangs, and long cantilevered balconies

Exterior facades of horizontal Board and Batten or Roman Brick (thin)

Frank Lloyd Wright

34 YEARS OLD (1901) [WRIGHT 1908 , WRIGHT 1954, WRIGHT 1957, WRIGHT 1908, STORRER 2017]

35 YEARS OLD (1902) [STORRER 2017]

Horizontal Board and Batten

Frank Lloyd Wright

S. 063 John A. Mosher Residence, Ohio 1902


Brick laid to look like

Horizontal Board and Batten

Frank Lloyd Wright

S.074 Arthur and Grace Heurtley Residence, Illinois 1902


Roman Brick (thin)

Frank Lloyd Wright

S.100 Darwin D. Martin House, Buffalo, NY 1903


Frank Lloyd Wright

S.070 Francis W. and Mary Little Residence, Illinois 1902

Continued Strong Geometric Shapes from childhood playing with wood blocks


Frank Lloyd Wright

S.0100 Darwin D. Martin Estate, New York,1903

Continued Strong Geometric Shapes from childhood playing with wood blocks

1905 Photo

by Frank Lloyd Wright

in Nagoya

2013 Photo by J Wunderlich in Kyoto

38 YEARS OLD (1905) [FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT TRUST 2017]

Continued being influenced by Japan

with first trip to Japan in 1905

1900: Road to Ikuta Shrine by unknown photographer 2013 Photo by J Wunderlich in Kyoto

1905 Photo by Frank Lloyd Wright

of Ikuta Shrine in Nagoya



1905 Photo

by Frank Lloyd Wright Location unknown


1905 Photo


in Kyoto



1905 Photo


in Nagoya



1905 Photo


In Nagoya


2013 Photo by J Wunderlich in Kyoto 1905 Photo


in Kobe



1905 Photo


in Nagoya



1905 Photo by Frank Lloyd Wright in Nagoya



1905 Photo


in Nagoya



1905 Photo

by Frank Lloyd Wright Location unknown



1905 Photo


in Nagoya


2013 Photo by J Wunderlich in Narita

1905 Photo


in Kyoto


2013 Photo by J Wunderlich in Narita


1905 Photo


in Nagoya

HIS 30’S IN CHICAGO (AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 1900’S)

Frank Lloyd Wright

Wunderlich Vlog

(watch time 17:44 to 28:49):

https://www.youtube.com/w

atch?v=MC8dpAiC0dw&fea

ture=youtu.be

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MC8dpAiC0dw&feature=youtu.be





Unity Temple, Chicago 1905

Same year as first trip to Japan

Japanese Influence?

Nagoya Japan, 1900


Unity Temple, Chicago 1905

Wright stated “Unity Temple is

where you will find the first real

expression of the idea that the

space within the building is

the reality of that building”


Frank Lloyd Wright


Frank Lloyd Wright

Wunderlich Vlog

(watch time 28:49 to 35:28):



ture=youtu.be





HIS LATE 30’S IN CHICAGO (AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 1900’S)

Frank Lloyd Wright

He mingles with the wealthy at River Forest Country Club

Most of his commissions are for wealthy people


Frank Lloyd Wright

Mingles at River Forest Country Club

Commissions for wealthy people


Frank Lloyd Wright

Wunderlich Vlog

(watch time 35:28 to 47.06):



ture=youtu.be





HIS LATE 30’S

IN CHICAGO

(AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 1900’S)

Frank Lloyd Wright

Mingles at River

Forest Country Club

Commissions for

wealthy people


S.127 Robie House, Chicago 1906

One year after his first trip to Japan

Japanese Influence?


One year after his first trip to Japan

Japanese Influence?

Famous Fushimi Inari-aisha shrine

in Kyoto Japan since 711AD

S.127 Robie House, Chicago 1906


S.133 George Blossom Garage, Chicago 1907

Two years after his first trip to Japan

Japanese Influence ?


Frank Lloyd Wright

Wunderlich Vlog

(watch time 28:49 to 35:28):



ture=youtu.be





41 YEARS OLD (1908)

Also influences by:

The American Arts & Crafts movement

Gustav Stickley, Green & Green, etc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1SZqOF3YkM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1SZqOF3YkM

Also influences from the Secession Movement in Vienna, Austria

41 YEARS OLD (1908)

PART 4 Frank Lloyd Wright, ages 42 to 47 (1909-1914)

1909/10 in ITALY

1911 builds Taliesin in Wisconsin

His new Home, Studio, Farm, and eventual Architecture School

NEXT LECTURE

S.172 “Taliesin” in Wisconsin, 1906



1909

42 YEARS OLD

HTTP://WWW.THECRAFTSMANBUNGALOW.C

OM/FRANK-LLOYD-WRIGHT-HOME-STUDIO/


Historical & Social Context: Post-Civil War recession, Industrial revolution, Farm life, Preacher/Musician Father, Teacher/Mother, Mother's large influential Unitarian farming family, Unitarian beliefs, Nature, Parent’s divorce

ARCHITECTURE: Froebel education (blocks, etc), Barns & Farm houses, Roots of his organic architecture


Historical & Social Context: The rebuilding of Chicago after the Great Fire, Wife Anna and first five children

ARCHITECTURE: Louis Sullivan, Beginnings of his organic architecture

PART 3 Frank Lloyd Wright, Age 34-41 (1901-1908) THIS LECTURE

Historical & Social Context: Post-mid-1800’s opening of Japan, Pre-WW1 Europe, Arts &Crafts, Six children

ARCHITECTURE: Began his Prairie Style, First trip to Japan (1905)


Historical & Social Context: Secession movement in Austria, Living in Italy (1909/10), Returning to his mother's family's farmland to build Taliesin, Mistress murdered

ARCHITECTURE: Continued prairie style while seeking other inspirations and social philosophies, Taliesin


Historical & Social Context: WWI, Roaring 20’s, A short 2nd marriage, 3rd marriage to Olgivanna (Olga), CA, Japan

ARCHITECTURE: California (and Arizona) Textile Houses, Designs in Japan


Historical & Social Context: The Great Depression(1930's), WWII(1939-45), Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan; Modernism, Living with no money, Taliesin Fellowship (Olga's idea)

ARCHITECTURE: Broadacre city, Usonian Houses, Taliesin West

PART 7 Frank Lloyd Wright, Age 79-91 (1946-1958) -- died in 1958

Historical & Social Context: Post WWII economic boom, Cold War, Communal living at Taliesin, Modernism

ARCHITECTURE: Modern materials and methods

PART 8 Post Frank Lloyd Wright -- Olga continues Taliesin Fellowship (1958-1985)











































Burns, Ken, and Novick, Lynn. Frank Lloyd Wright: A Film by Ken Burns and Lynn Novick DVD. PBS Home Video, August 28, 2001.

Curtis, Stanley James. Friedrich Froebel; German educator. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2018. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Friedrich-Froebel

Find a grave; William Carey Wright, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/55462361/william-carey-wright

Frank Lloyd Wright Trust. 1905: Japan through the Lens of Frank Lloyd Wright, 2017. https://www.wrightsjapan1905.org/

Frank Lloyd Wright Trust. Unity Temple, 2018. https://flwright.org/researchexplore/unitytemple

Froebel; Brief History of the Kindergarten. Froebel Gifts, 2013. http://www.froebelgifts.com/history.htm

Ho-o-Den ,. An Illustrated Description of the Buildings Erected by the Japanese Government at the World´s Columbian Exposition, Jackson

Park, Chicago, Tokyo, K. Ogawa, publisher, 2018. http://www.baxleystamps.com/litho/ogawa/ogawa_hooden.shtml

Hoffman, Anna. Gustav Stickley: the American Arts & Crafts Movement. Sept 16, 2010. https://www.apartmenttherapy.com/gustav-stickley-the-american-a-127060

Huxtable, Ada Louise. Frank Lloyd Wright. New York Times, Oct. 31, 2004. https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/31/books/chapters/frank-lloyd-wright.html

Kaufman, Clare. The History of Higher Education in the United States. WoroldWideLearn. 2018. https://www.worldwidelearn.com/education-advisor/indepth/history-higher-education.php

LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), The United States Green Building Council, 2018. https://new.usgbc.org/leed

Life of Olgivanna Lloyd Wright Reviewed by Architects and Artisans. ORO Editions. Sep 12, 2017. https://www.oroeditions.com/2017/09/12/the-life-of-olgivanna-lloyd-wright-reviewed-by-architects-and-artisans/

PENN Rare Book and Manuscript: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Paternal Family. Penn Library. University of Pennsylvania, Feb. 20, 2014.

http://www.library.upenn.edu/rbm/featured/mscoll822.html

Storrer, William Allin. The Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright, a Complete Catalog, 4th edition. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2017.

Pearson, David. The Breaking Wave: New Organic Architecture. Stroud: Gaia, 2001.

Zerbey, Nancy. New England Architecture | Guide to House Styles in New England. New England Today Living, May 9, 2018.

https://newengland.com/today/living/homes/new-england-architecture/

Unity Chapel, Unity Chapel Inc. 2018. http://www.unitychapel.org/familyhistory/

Wright, Frank Lloyd. The Art and Craft of the Machine, Vol. 8, No. 2 pp. 77-81, 83-85, 87-90, May, 1901. tps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25505640.pdf

Wright, Frank Lloyd. In the Cause of Architecture. Architectural Record, vol. XXIII, March 1908.

Wright, Frank Lloyd. In the Cause of Architecture; Second Paper. Architectural Record, May 1914.

Wright, Frank Lloyd. The Natural House. New York, Penguin Books , 1954.

Wright, Frank Lloyd. Testament. New York, Bramhall House, 1957.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Friedrich-Froebel



https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/55462361/william-carey-wright





https://www.wrightsjapan1905.org/

https://flwright.org/researchexplore/unitytemple

http://www.froebelgifts.com/history.htm

http://www.baxleystamps.com/litho/ogawa/ogawa_hooden.shtml

https://www.apartmenttherapy.com/gustav-stickley-the-american-a-127060











https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/31/books/chapters/frank-lloyd-wright.html





https://www.worldwidelearn.com/education-advisor/indepth/history-higher-education.php







https://new.usgbc.org/leed

https://www.oroeditions.com/2017/09/12/the-life-of-olgivanna-lloyd-wright-reviewed-by-architects-and-artisans/





















http://www.library.upenn.edu/rbm/featured/mscoll822.html






http://www.unitychapel.org/familyhistory/

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25505640.pdf

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