2012 ieee green energy conference csulb...electric drive and energy storage to provide the...

2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB ©

Integrated Electric and Hybrid Components powering clean mobility and energy conservation

2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB © 2

US Hybrid Corporation

HQ: Torrance, CA

Year Established: 1999

Founded by: Management:

Gordon Abas Goodarzi, Ph.D., P.E. Chairman, CEO

Core Competency:

Advanced Motors and Power Converters, for Electric, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicles.

Magmotor Corporation

Year Established:

1876, (Acquired US Hybrid in 2008)

Founded by: Management:

Kendrick and Davis Gordon Abas Goodarzi, Ph.D., P.E.

Chairman, CEO

Core Competency:

Servo Motors and Drives Electro-Hydraulic Pump Systems

MagLev System for RTP Silicon Fabrication

US Hybrid Group

Torrance, CA

www.ushybrid.com Honolulu, HI Worcester, MA

www.magmotor.com


Class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Category Light Light Light Medium Medium Medium Heavy Heavy

Weight

Range (GVWR)

<6,000 6,001-

10,000

10,000-

14,000

14,001-

16,000

16,001-

19,500

19,501-26,000

26,001-33,000

>33,000

Examples

Medium Conventional

Furniture

Refuse

City Transit Bus

Cement

COE Sleeper

Dump

Heavy Conventional

Rack

School Bus

Single-axle Van

Beverage

Large Walk-in

City Delivery

Bucket City Delivery

Conventional Van

Large Walk-in Walk-in

City Delivery

Conventional Van

Utility Van

Minivan

Step Van

Full-size Pickup

Minivan

Full-size Pickup

Multi-purpose

Utility Van

Note: GVWR is Gross Vehicle Rate Weighting

US Hybrid Business focus is Heavy Duty Commercial Vehicles


Corporate Focus; Special Purpose Vehicles


GVWR=910 kg (2000 lb)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

10 20 30 40 50 70

Ene

rgy

(kW

h)

Speed (mph)

Drag Rolling

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

UDDS US06 J45

59% 42% 54%

Ene

rgy

(kW

h)

Stop/Go (Traffic) Constant0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 20 40 60 80

mp

g

Speed (mph)

mpg

5

Transportation Engineering; How is the Energy used

Compact Car

More than 50% of energy is wasted due to traffic

For city /traffic driving most of energy consumption is due to

rolling resistance (Weight)

32 kph 20 mph

80 kph 50 mph

23 kph 14 mph

Drive Cycle: Ave Speed:


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

UDDS US06 J45

59% 47% 57%

Ene

rgy

(kW

h)

Drive Cycle: Ave Speed:

Stop/Go (Traffic) Constant

GVWR=1800 kg (4000 lb)

32 kph 20 mph

80 kph 50 mph

23 kph 14 mph

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

10 20 30 40 50 70

Ene

rgy

(kW

h)

Speed (mph)

Drag Rolling

For city /traffic driving most of energy consumption is due to

rolling resistance (Weight)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 20 40 60 80

mp

g

Speed (mph)

mpg

6

Transportation Engineering; Medium Size SUV

More than 50% of energy is wasted due to traffic


Transportation Engineering; Drayage Truck (Driving in South Bay)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

UDDS 10 mph 20 mph 40 mph 60 mph

Regular Ramp

Ene

rgy

(kW

h)

Drive Cycle

Drag

Acceleration

Rolling

GVWR=36300 kg


Transportation Engineering; Energy Utilization per category

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

UCR 5 mph 10 mph 15 mph

Regular Ramp

Ene

rgy

(kW

h)

Drive Cycle

Braking

Drag

Acceleration

Rolling


Transportation Engineering & Economy Land Transportation: Power to Weight ratio (kW/ton)


050

100150200250300350400450

S300C S-76 H-60 S-92 MH-92 CH-53E Boeing 777 RV-7 Europa XS

Helicopters Jets Small Propellers

Peak Power to Weight ratio (kW/ton)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Emma Mærsk RMS Queen Mary 2 Oasis class

Container Ship Cruise Ship

Transportation Engineering & Economy Ocean Transportation: Power to Weight ratio (kW/ton)


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

S300C S-76 H-60 S-92 MH-92 CH-53E Boeing 777 RV-7 Europa XS

Helicopters Jets Small Propellers

Transportation Engineering & Economy Aviation Transportation: Power (peak) to Weight ratio (kW/ton)


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

S30

0C

S-7

6

H-6

0

S-9

2

MH

-92

CH

-53

E

Bo

ein

g 7

77

RV

-7

Euro

pa

XS

Siem

ens

Vel

aro

ICE

3

Vo

lvo

FH

Ch

evro

let

Tah

oe

Au

di A

4

Emm

a M

ærs

k

RM

S Q

uee

n M

ary

2

Oas

is c

lass

Helicopters Jets Small Propellers Train Auto Container Ship Cruise Ship

Peak Power to Weight ratio (kW/ton)

Transportation Engineering & Economy


Transportation Engineering & Economy Fuel Economy per kilometer per ton [liter/km/ton]

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

Sedan SUV Truck Train Commercial Jet Container ship Cruise Ship


Comparable Fuel Energy Density

Diesel; ASTM #1, 37.1 kwh/gal (15.16 kWh/kg, Engine Output: 4500 Whr/kg) ASTM #2, 38.1 kwh/gal (15.57 kWh/kg)

Gasoline; 32.9 kWh/gal, (11.8 kWh/Kg, Engine Output: 2800 Whr/kg)

Hydrogen; 39.7 kWh/kg, (1kg H2 =11 gal @5000 psi, or 11 gal @5000psi tank is same as 2 gal of diesel fuel) Energy Density: 22kg weight/kg-H2, Total Energy Density Output per kg: 721 Whr/kg

Mixed Fuels; Ethanol(E100) = 22.1 kWh/gal, (M85) 85% Methanol, 15% Gasoline = 18.6 kWh/gal

Energy Storage Devices have much lower energy density: Ultra Capacitors 0.004 kWh/kg, (4000:1) compared to diesel Lead Acid 0.025 kWh/Kg (600:1) compared to diesel NiMh 0.06 kWh/Kg (250:1) compared to diesel Li-Ion 0.10 kWh/Kg (156:1) compared to diesel

1 Gallon of fuel has same net energy as 156 Kg of Li type Battery at 100% SOC


Mechanical power

Electric power

Trans. Engine

Conventional PowerTrain

Parallel/dual mode hybrid

Battery CEU

Engine Trans.

Electric Vehicle

Battery CEU

Post-transmission parallel hybrid

CEU Battery

Trans. Engine

Diesel Electric Series Hybrid

GCU

Battery CEU

Engine

15

Hybrid System Configurations Options

Trans. Engine

Hydraulic Hybrid


Hybrid Vehicle Systems Science is all about

Engine control and Optimization

(Energy Generation Vs. Energy Storage)

Hybrid Systems Control Fundamental

Hybrids System Three fundamentals for Fuel Saving

and emission reduction:

1. Down Size engine with optimum Operation Strategy

2. Eliminate the idle operation and reduce transients. Electric Drive and Energy Storage to Provide the power/energy

for acceleration and deceleration.

3. Re-Gen Control to recover Energy During Breaking. Electric Motor to recover regen energy and Energy Storage to

store the energy for next acceleration.


Engine Thermal Efficiency Fundamental

Points A and C have the same power:

Point C has lower BSFC and higher efficiency:

For the same Power;

Operation B is 30% more efficient than A, Hybrid System should operate more at B and less at A

PC=PA

hC > hA

A: 280 g/kWh C: 216 g/kWh

BSFCC < BSFCA

Iso-power Contour (kW)

Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC, g/kWh)

A

C

B

B: 194 g/kWh


Parallel Hybrid Engine Operation Power Profile

Power provided by Electric Motor (Yellow Area)

Regen

Power provided by Engine (Red Area)


Series Hybrid Engine Operation Power Profile

Electric Drive Engine

Generator


Green Technology is Energy Efficiency and Conservation

Thank you!

2012 ieee green energy conference csulb...electric drive and energy storage to provide the...

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