Quarter 1 – Atmosphere & Weather

Short Answer

1. Identify 3 roles of Earth’s atmosphere?2. Create a diagram with labels to show how a convection current forms at one of the following locations: a. beach b. mountains c. equator and poles 3. Explain how and why pilots use the jet stream.4. The three main types of clouds: Lowest altitude_______________ _______________ Highest altitude ______________ Matching: Identify the layer in which the following happens

5. Most weather conditions such as storms and clouds form in the ____________.

6. The boundary between Earth and outer space __________________________

7. Ozone, which absorbs harmful UV rays, is found in the ___________________

8. Most meteoroids are destroyed when entering the ________________________

Fill in The Blank

9. The layers of the atmosphere are classified according to changes in ________.

10. The two main gases by percentage in the Earth’s atmosphere are __________________, and they are made by __________________________.

11. An aneroid ______________ measures air pressure by using a metal chamber that is sensitive to pressures changes.

Essay Response

12. Explain how a water droplet (molecule) moves through the Earth’s water cycle; focus on time spent in the atmosphere and specific weather events related to water. Words to be used: water vapor, humidity, evaporation, condensation, forms of precipitation

Multiple Choice:

13. A funnel shaped cloud that touches to Earth’s surface is: a. hurricane b. tornado c. blizzard d. drought

14. The major (global) wind patterns which influence weather in the continental US are

a. doldrums b. polar easterlies c. trade winds d. prevailing westerlies15. A golfer is out on the golf course. She notices that a large, towering puffy cloud seems to be approaching quickly. The top of this cloud seems to be sheared-off flat, while the bottom is dark in color. Which of the following is the most immediate hazard to the golfer?A. getting wet from rain B. being struck by lightning C. getting caught in a tornado D. being pelted by hail stones

16. Which is not a property of air?

a. mass b. volume c. density d. shape

Map Analysis:

17a. Identify all fronts on the map by name and the region of the US that it covers. How did the fronts form? (convection currents)17b.Select one of the fronts and explain what weather would be occurring and why.17c. Explain which direction the wind would be blowing over the southeast. How might the wind speed be measured by meteorologist?

18a. Label air masses A-F using the abbreviations for continental (C), maritime (M), tropical (T), and polar (P).18b. Which air masses shown are likely to bring dry weather to the US?18c. Which type of front would form along the border of B? E?18d. Is a tornado more likely to occur at location Y or Z? Explain your answer.

19. At noon, the temperatures on a pyschrometer are 20o C on the dry bulb and 16o C on the wet bulb thermometer. What is the relative humidity?

20. Air pressure refers to the weight of air that pushes on all things. Air pressure is greatest at sea level because it has the weight of the whole atmosphere on it. As you move up from sea level the amount of air pushing down decreases.

a. Where is altitude or elevation greatest? b. Where is air pressure greatest? c. Where does air have less mass? d. Where are oxygen molecules farther apart?e. Where is the temperature the coldest? f. Where would air seem the heaviest? g. Where might a hiker have the most

difficulty breathing?

h. As you move toward sea level, from B to A, what will happen to the air pressure and the air temperature?

Quarter 2 – Cells, Cell Processes, and Genetics

Multiple Choice

21. Which single celled organism moves by using "Pseudopodia" (false feet)?

a. amoeba b. euglena c. paramecium d. volvox

22. What is the primary method of movement for Euglena?

a.Flagella b. Cilia c. Cytoplasmic streaming d. Phagocytosis

23. The outer portion of a plant cell, used for protection is called the . . . a.) cytoplasm - the fluid portion of the cell that the organelles float in b.) cell membrane - a semi-permeable lipid bilayer c.) nucleus - the "control center" of the cell d.) cell wall - a rigid outer layer made of cellulose

24. Which of the following is a list of organelles that are found in animal cells?a. nucleus, cytoplasm, one large vacuole b. cell wall, chloroplasts, one large

vacuole c. lysosomes, cell membrane, mitochondria d. vacuoles, chloroplasts, nucleus

25. Which single celled organism is a colony of photosynthetic organisms?

a. amoeba b. euglena c. paramecium d. volvox

26. Humans reproduce by what reproduction method? After selecting an answer, describe each of the incorrect answers.

a. Asexual reproduction

b. Binary fission

c. Budding

d. Sexual reproduction

27. Cell Diagram: Label the organelles below and identify the picture as a plant or animal. Identify the mitochondria, nucleus, vacuole, and chloroplast.

Common Inherited Conditions: Tell if the statement below is true or false. If the statement is false replace the underlined word with the correction.

28. _____ Color blindness is a sex linked recessive genetic disorder that results in people being unable to detect red and green colors.

29. ______Hemophilia is a sex linked dominant disorder that generally affects men. It makes blood less likely to clot.

30. ______Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder that makes ALL red blood cells disappear.

31. ______ Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disorder in which the person makes an excessive amount of perspiration (sweat).

32. Essay: Complete on a separate sheet of paper.

What biological traits would twins inherit and what environmental and lifestyle choices impact their health, life quality and life expectancy?

Short Answer: Complete on a separate sheet of paper

33. Draw two organisms that have the same phenotype (physical appearance) and explain in a sentence how the organisms’ genotype s could be different. Use the following words in your sentence: dominant allele, recessive allele, heterozygous, homozygous.

34. Organize the following in order from smallest to largest and provide an example of each from the human body. Cell, Organ, System, Tissue

35. Create a Venn diagram to compare the processes and outcomes of mitosis and meiosis.

36. Punnett Square:

The Punnett Square below shows how muscular dystrophy, a sex-linked recessive disorder, is inherited. Use it to answer questions 36.

a. What are the chances (probability) that the couple above will have a girl?

b. What is the probability that a son of these parents will have muscular dystrophy? Explain your answer.

c. Using the same alleles as the square above, create a punnett square that shows how a daughter (female offspring) would inherit muscular dystrophy.

37. Blood Types Human blood types are A, B, AB and O. Complete the square and answer related questions.

a. The expected offspring would be: A. IAi, IAIA, IBIB, ii B. IAIB, IBIB, ii, IBi C. IAIB, IBIB, IAi, IBi

b. What is the probability that the offspring would have type A blood? A. 75% B. 25% C. 50%

IB

i

IA IB

Type O = ii Type AB = IA IB Type A= IA IA or IAI Type B = IB IB or IBi

c. What is the probability that the offspring would have type B blood? A. 75% B. 25% C. 50%

d. Which describes the relationship between A & B? a. codominant b. incomplete dominance c. recessive

e. What vocabulary term best describes the relationship between i and A alleles?

A. Codominant B. Incompletely Dominant C. recessive

38. Pedigree

a. What do the circles and squares represent in the pedigree?

b. How many pairs have offspring (children)?

c. How many individuals have sickle cell disease? How many individuals are carriers of the genetic disorder?

d. Could the trait,traced by this pedigree, be sex-linked? Why or why not?

39. Diagram Analysis

a. Identify the stages of mitosis

b. Place the stages in the order in which they occur.

c. What is the longest stage of the Cell Cycle? d. Identify structure and function of A.

e. Which drawing is considered part of mitosis but is in the cell cycle?

40.

a. Identify the organism in the picture above. ________________________

b. How does the organism move and reproduce?

41. Genetics Diagram

a. What are these two structures called?

b. What does each lettered section of the structure represent?

c. Identify sections that are homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, and heterozygous.

d. What does each allele combination in the picture control?

e. When a deletion, addition or substitution occurs while the structure is being copied, a _____________ has occurred.

Quarter 3 – Human Body

MULTIPLE CHOICE

42. Which of the following is NOT an example of homeostasis?a. Large intestines absorbing water into bloodb. Kidneys filtering urea from bloodc. Shivering to produce heat when muscles contract

d. Lungs maintain nitrogen levels in the blood

43. The joining of a sperm cell with an egg cell to make a zygote is known as:a. labor b. fertilization c. reproduction d. menstruation

44. Where are sex cells of animals created?a. eggs in ovaries, sperm in prostrate b. eggs in fallopian tubes, sperm in

kidneysc. eggs in ovaries, sperm in testes d. eggs in alveoli, sperm in nephrons

45. During respiration, what 2 gases are exchanged?a. Oxygen & Nitrogen b. Carbon Dioxide & Oxygen c. Nitrogen & Carbon Dioxide d. Oxygen & Carbon Monoxide

46. What is the path that blood takes through the circulatory system?a. Heart- lung- body b. heart-lungs-heart-body

c. heart body lungs d. lungs heart lungs body

47. What might happen if the kidneys were not functioning properly?a. Your heart rate would increase. b. Your body could become swollen with water. c. Your nervous system would shut down. d. There would be no effect on your body.

48. After eating a slice of pizza, which path does the food take through your digestive system?a. Stomach, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine b. Stomach, small intestine, large intestine, esophagus c. Esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine

d. Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

49. Breathing

a. Based on data, which gas is used by the body? How do you know?

b. Which gases are created by the body?

c. Explain why the percentage of nitrogen is the same in both inhaled air and exhaled air.

d. Which cellular process causes these changes in gas percentages?

glucose + _____ → _____ + _____ + energy

50. Essay: On a separate sheet of paper.

Where and under what circumstances (situation) does diffusion occur in each of the following?

Capillaries in Circulatory system

Aveoli of the Respiratory system

Villi of the Digestive system

Nephrons of the Excretory system

Quarter 4

MULTIPLE CHOICE

51. When does a roller coaster have the greatest potential energy?a. When it is on the bottom of the first hill and about to go up the next hill.b. When it is on the top of the first hill about to go down the first drop.c. When it is half way up the second hill.d. After the wheels and tracks are oiled.

52. Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?a. A slice of pizzab. A ball rolling down a hillc. A marine with a parachute is standing on the edge of an opened airplane door, ready to jump.d. Gasoline in a car's fuel tank

53. The graph illustrates the motion of a truck over a period of time. Which segment represents an acceleration of zero? A segment AB segment BC segment CD segment D

54 What is the average speed of the vehicle whose motion is shown in the graph after four hours of travel?

A 100 mphB 25 mphC 4 mphD 50 mph

55 Which measurements do you need to calculate speed?A Force and distanceB time and forceC distance and timeD mass and velocity

56 As you were tracking a hurricane, you noticed that the velocity did not change for several hours. This means that the hurricane was A changing directions B accelerating quicklyC not accelerating D getting larger

57 If a runner completes a 100 meter race in 20 seconds, what is her speed? A 5 meters per second (m/s)

B 20 meters per second (m/s)C 10 meters per second (m/s)D 50 meters per second (m/s)

58 What two things do you need to know to describe the velocity of an object? A speed and direction B time and distanceC speed and time D distance and direction

59 To keep a box moving across a carpeted floor, a mover must apply constant force. Which of the following forces is most resistant to the motion of the box? A Air resistance acting on the boxB Friction between the box and floorC Gravity pulling on the boxD Weight of the box

60 A car airbag slows the rate at which your body comes to a stop when the car stops suddenly in a collision. Which of the laws of motion best explains the need for an airbag? A For every action, there is an equal and opposite reactionB Objects in motion tend to stay in motion unless acted on by an outside forceC An object's acceleration is dependent on its mass and the net force appliedD Friction is a force that resists motion between two surfaces

61 If you are leaning against a wall, the wall is exerting A half of the force in the same directionB an equal force in the same directionC an equal force in the opposite directionD a force of 0 Newtons

62 If you are on a train, which of the following could you look at to know your train is moving? A A car traveling alongside the train at a slower speed

B Another train traveling on an adjacent track in the opposite directionC A railroad crossing signD Another passenger seated across the aisle of the same train.

63. Pulling down on a rope to raise a flag on a flagpole is an example of a machine doing which of the following?

a. Multiplying amount of force

b. changing direction of a force

c. multiplying distance of a force

d. reducing friction

64. Machines help you work by

a. increasing the amount of work that must be done

b conserving energy

c.decreasing friction

d. changing the size and direction of a force

65. A door knob is an example of a wheel and axle. Which of the following statements correctly indentifies the mechanical advantage of this simple machine?

a. the wheel has a larger radius than the radius of the axle

b. the wheel has a smaller radius than the radius of the axle

c. the radii of the wheel and axle are equal

d. the mechanical advantage does not depend on the size of the radii

66. No real machine is 100 percent efficient. What is the best way to improve efficiency?

a. remove parts to reduce size

b. add parts to increase weight

c. use oil or grease to reduce friction

d. heat the machine to increase expansion

67. Machine A requires 50 joules on input work and machine B requires 20 joules of input work. They both provide 10 joules of output work. Which machine is more efficient?

a. machine A

b. machine B

c. they are equally efficient

d. you cannot calculate the efficiency

68.What are electrons? a. Negatively charged subatomic particles b. Positively charged subatomic particles c. Neutrally-charged subatomic particles d. Negatively charged atoms

69. What is a current? a. A steady flow of electricity b. A short burst of electricity c. A wire along which electricity flows d. A power source that supplies electricity

70. How does alternating current differ from direct current? a. Alternating current produces more voltage than direct current b. Alternating current always flows in the same direction; the direction of a direct current switches back and forth c. Direct current produces more voltage than alternating current d. Direct current always flows in the same direction; the direction of an alternating current switches back and forth

71. What is one possible reason why it's a good idea to conserve electricity? a. It is often produced by burning fossil fuels, which are a polluting, non-renewable resource b. Power companies only give each home a limited amount of electricity every day c. Using too much electricity can start dangerous electrical fires d. Using too much electricity can cause power plants to break down

72. A flow of electrons through a conductor is called: a. A river b. A spark c. An electron flow d. A current

73. In most electrical circuits, the pathway is made of: a. Metal b. Plastic c. Static d. Wood

74. What are the three components of a circuit? a. Pathway, source, and battery b. Energy source, conductor, and receiver c. Battery, bulb, and plastic d. Wire, electron, and charge

Essay: Write on a separate sheet of paper

75. How can energy be transferred between systems? In your explanation identify the specific transformations taking place. Example: Light to heat

A.

B.