20100719-green impact indonesia-creative collaboration in urban polder jakarta

ArtePolis 3 International Conference on CreativeCollaboration and the Making of Place

2224th July 2010

Gunawan TanuwidjajaUrban Planner & Researcher

Green Impact Indonesia, Integrated Urban, Drainage andEnvironmental Planning and Design Consultant

[email protected]

Joyce Martha WidjayaPrincipal Researcher

Research and Development Institute of Water Resources (PUSAIR),Research and Development Institute of Social, Economy, Culture and

Community Participation (PUSEBRANMAS),Ministry of Public Works, Republic of Indonesia

[email protected]

Green Impact Indonesia,

Integrated Urban, Drainage and Environmental –

Planning and Design Consultant

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Jakarta Flooding Caseû Jakarta is the capitol city of Indonesia and the largest

metropolitan in South East Asia. It is inhabited byapproximately 8 million persons, within area of 600 sqkm.

û It faces unsustainable urban issues such as: urbansprawling; conversion of rural, water bodies and naturalareas; traffic jams; air pollutions; urban slums andextreme annual flooding.

û Floods were the regular event for Jakarta City. Andhistorically Jakarta was inundated because of debit’sincreases of its rivers. And major floods were recordedin 1621, 1654, 1918, 1976, 1997, 2002, and 2007.




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Jakarta Flooding Case(2)

û In 2007, More than 60% ofJakarta, Bogor, Depok,Tangerang and Bekasi wasaffected by the flood.ó Eight trillions rupiahs was

lossó 80 persons were killed,ó 340,000 persons was

displaced,ó 74,000 houses were

submerged,ó 670,000 people were left

without electricity,ó 82.150 sq km of roads were

damagedû This illustrated the worsening

floods in Jakarta, and increasingeconomic losses due to theflooding.




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The Jakarta Flooding Causes1. Natural Factorsû Approximately, 40% of Jakarta was below the highest

astronomical tide (in North of Jakarta);û Topography of Jakarta was dominantly flat (even

concave in some area North of Jakarta);û 40% of Jakarta was located within the flood prone

areas of the main rivers;û High rain intensity happened in the upstream of Jakarta

Metro Region;û Extensive catchment affected Jakarta (850 sq km);û Limited water bodies capacity (drains, rivers, retention

ponds and lakes);û Geological and soil types of the Jakarta Metro Region

were susceptible to land subsidence and erosion;




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The Jakarta Flooding Causes (2)2. Human Factorsû Disintegration of Spatial Plan and Drainage Master

Plan (macro and micro level) of Jakarta Metro Region;û Overpopulation in several areas (strategic areas and

slums);û Extreme groundwater extraction;û Conversion of forests, wet agricultural lands;û Conversion of water bodies (wetlands, agricultural

lands, drains, rivers, retention ponds, lakes);û Unsustainable land development practice causing

increasing soil sedimentation;û Solid waste and wastewater pollution in the water

bodies;û The unclear system rolesharing among in

environmental management especially in the drainagemanagement;




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Existing Flood Control Strategyû Retaining water in upstream area with retention ponds and land and forest

conservation;û Applying rainwater infiltration as much as possible with infiltration well and

open spaces;û Building retention ponds in the middle areas;û Flowing the water as fast as possible to the estuaries or the seas, with the

capacity of rivers and drainages;û Building urban polder systems in the Northern part of Jakarta;û Securing lives, vital infrastructures as well as real estates.

Polder

West FloodCanalEast

Flood Canal




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Existing Drainage Master Planû Master Plan NEDECO (1973)û Study Of East Jakarta Flood Control Project (1989)û The Study on Urban Drainage and Waste Water Project in The City of

Jakarta (1991)û The Study on Comprehensive River Water Management Plan in

JABODETABEK (1997)

Polder




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Polder Conceptû The Polder could be defined as “An Integrated Manmade Drainage

System consisting dikes, drains, retention ponds, pumping stations.û Designed landscape in the Polder would be required to ensure its

effectiveness.û Polder dikes must be planned and designed considering potential of

soil strength, land subsidence, social conflict as well as accessibilityissue.

û The maintenance of infrastructures would become a critical point forsuccessful polder operation.

û Lastly, the Polder system must be planned in integration from spatialplan, urban design and water management of the river basin system.”




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The North Jakarta Polder Failureû Unfortunately, the master plans were not effectively

implemented due to different land ownership as well assectored approach. This could be seen in disintegrationof the polder system in the North Jakarta.

Polder’s MasterPlan in Jakarta.Source: JakartaProvince’s PublicWorks Department(2008), FloodMitigation Handbook




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The North Jakarta Polder Failure (2)û On the other hand, 40% of Jakarta was below the highest

astronomical tide and the extreme land subsidence (10 cmannually or 2 m in 20 years ) threatened the North Jakarta area.

Mean Sea Level

High Tide

2010 2030

Mean Sea Level

High Tide




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Proposal for North Jakarta Polderû New

Proposal ofNorthJakartaPolder isproposedfor savingthe NorthJakarta fromworseningfloods

Proposal forPolder’sMaster Planin Jakarta.

PolderZone




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Proposal in 2030 Jakarta Spatial Plan (RTRW 2030)

This is the PolderProposalmentioned inJakarta SpatialPlan 2030.

PolderZone




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Creative Collaboration needed in SettingUp the North Jakarta Polder

ûImportant steps to be followed are:ó Identification of Stakeholdersó Setting up Provincial Polder Organisation with

involvement of all stakeholdersó Follow the Sustainable Polder Development

Frameworkó Involve professional consultants in the development of

Integrated Spatial Plan and Polder Infrastructure Plan




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Identification of Stakeholders (1)

û Example of Identification of StakeholdersRole in UrbanDevelopment

Aspects related toUrban Polder

Level Agencies InCharge or Related to the Aspects

Spatial Planning &Management

Central Government

• Office of State Minister of National Development Planning(BAPPENAS);

• Coordination Board of Spatial Planning (BKPRN);• Ministry of Public Works, Directorate General of Spatial Planning

(DIRJEN TARU);• Ministry of Forestry, Ministry of Forestry, Forest Planning

Agency;• Ministry of Forestry, Ministry of Forestry, Directorate General of

Land Rehabilitation and Social Forestry, Office of CatchmentsManagement of CitarumCiliwung Rivers (BPDAS CitarumCiliwung);

Jakarta ProvincialGovernment

• Regional Planning Agency of Jakarta Province (Bappeda DKIJakarta);

• Spatial Planning Agency of Jakarta Province (Dinas Tata RuangProvinsi/ DTP Jakarta);

North JakartaMunicipality

• Regional Planning Agency of North Jakarta Municipality(Bapekodya Jakarta Utara);

Real Estate Developer • Some developers like PT Pembangunan Jaya Ancol & PTMandara Permai prescribed their own land use master plan ;




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Identification of Stakeholders (2)

û Example of Identification of StakeholdersRole in UrbanDevelopment

Aspects related toUrban Polder

Level Agencies InCharge or Related to the Aspects

Drainage & FloodControl –Planning,

Design &Management

Central Government

• Office of State Minister of National Development Planning(BAPPENAS);

• Ministry of Public Works, Directorate General of Water ResourcesManagement (DIRJEN SDA);

• River Basin Organisation Ciliwung Cisadane (BBWS Cilcis);• Ministry of Forestry, Ministry of Forestry, Directorate General of

Land Rehabilitation and Social Forestry, Office of CatchmentsManagement of CitarumCiliwung Rivers (BPDAS CitarumCiliwung);

Jakarta ProvincialGovernment

• Regional Planning Agency of Jakarta Province (Bappeda DKIJakarta);

• Public Works Agency of Jakarta Province (Dinas PU DKIJakarta);


• Public Works SubAgency of North Jakarta Municipality (SukuDinas PU Jakarta Utara);

Real Estate Developer• Some developers like PT Pembangunan Jaya Ancol & PT

Mandara Permai prescribed their own drainage master plan(polder system);

NonGovernmentOrganisations/Communities

• Community Forum of the Pluit Environmental Care (FMPL)create and manage their own polder system;




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Setting up Provincial Polder Organisation with involvementof all stakeholders




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Framework ofSustainable Polder Development




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Proposed Planning Process for Polder in Province/National Strategic Area Level

Problems &StakeholdersIdentification ;

DataCollection

Technical,Policy, Socio& Economic

Analysis

ProvincialSpatial Plan

(RTRWProvinsi)including

Provincial Policy ofWater Resources andRiver Basin Master Plan

orNationalStrategic

Area Spatial Plan(RTRKS Nasional)

StrategicEnvironmental

Assessment(SEA)

Synchronized withhigher level policy

Consultation with Stakeholders

StrategicPolder ZoneDirection inProvincial

Level/NationalStrategic

AreaDevelopment

Describing Strategic Potential

Area for Polder Conservation Area Retention Ponds

Major Rivers




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Problems &StakeholdersIdentification ;

DataCollection

Technical,Policy, Socio& Economic

Analysis

District/Urban

Spatial Plan(RTRWKab.

atau Kota)Including

InfrastructurePlan

StrategicEnvironmental

Assessment(SEA)

Synchronized withhigher level policy


ZoningRegulation(including

Polder)

Describing Strategic Potential

Area for Polder Conservation

Area Retention Ponds

Major Rivers

DetailMaster Plan

District/Urban(RDTRKab.

atau Kota)Including

DetailInfrastructure

Plan

PolderZoning

Direction

Proposed Planning Process for Polder in District/Municipality




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Urban Design/Block Plan

(for new development)

DED& SOP of

Infrastructure(including

Polder)

FeasibilityStudy

Permit Application& Issuing Process *

•Location Permit•Site Plan

Control Permit•Planning Advise

(KRK)•EIA / MitigationMeasures Permit

•BuildingConstruction Permit

•InfrastructureConstruction Permit

EnvironmentalImpact

Assessment(EIA)

InfrastructureConstruction

Monitoring

BuildingConstruction

Monitoring

EIA/MitigationMeasuresMonitoring

PolderInfrastructureConstruction

ProcessLand

Acquisition

Evaluation

Tender

ZoningRegulation(including

Polder)

DetailMaster Plan

District/Urban(RDTRKab.

atau Kota)Including

DetailInfrastructure

Plan

Implementation(Design,Land Acquisition & Construction)




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DEDfor

Polder

Solid Waste&

Wastewater

Monitoring

SOPfor

Polder

PolderBoard

& StakeholdersInvolve

ment

Polder InfrastructureManagement :

Urban WaterManagement

System;Dykes; Retention Basin;Pumping Station & Outlet

Legal Management

Financial Management

Solid Waste & WastewaterManagement

WaterQuality

Monitoring

WaterPollutionControl

InfrastructureImprove

ment

Evaluation

WaterManagement

andFlood System

Monitoring

PolderInfrastructureConstruction

Process

Operation & Maintenance and Evaluation




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Example of Stakeholders Involvement (1)

Steps in CreatingSustainable Polder

CentralGovernment

JakartaProvincial

Government


Real EstateDeveloper &Private Com

panies

ProfessionalConsultant &Contractor

Local Communities

Setting Polder Organisationand the Vision of Urban

Polder;Fac Ini Su Su Su Su

Data Collection (Politic,Social, Economical and

Technical Data);Fac Ini Su Su Chg Su

Topographical andInfrastructure Survey; Fac Ini Su Ini Chg Su

Data Analysis (IntegratedApproach –Policy, Socioand Economic Analysis);

Fac Ini Su Su Chg Su

Strategic EnvironmentalAssessment (SEA) ; Fac Ini Su Su Chg Su

Environmental ImpactAssessment (EIA); Fac Su Ini * Ini ** Chg Su

Regular PublicConsultations; Fac Ini Su Su Chg Su

Legend: Facilitation = Fac; Initiation for Public Projects = Ini*; Initiation for Private Projects = Ini**; In chargewith = Chg; Support = Su.




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CentralGovernment

JakartaProvincial

Government



panies


Local Communities

Preparation of IntegratedDetail Master Plan (Spatial

Use and Infrastructure),which include:

Drainage and flood controlplan

Clean water treatment anddistribution plan

Pollution control, wastewater (sewage) collection

and treatment plan Solid waste management

planLandscape plan;

Fac Ini Ini * Ini ** Chg Su

Preparation of ZoningDirection (including Polder

Direction);Ini Ini Su Su Chg Su

Preparation of Urban DesignPlan; Fac Fac Ini * Ini ** Chg Su

Legend: Facilitation = Fac; Initiation for Public Projects = Ini*; Initiation for Private Projects = Ini**; In chargewith = Chg; Support = Su.




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CentralGovernment

JakartaProvincial

Government



panies


Local Communities

Preparation of FeasibilityStudy of Polder; Fac Fac Ini * Ini ** Chg Su

Land Acquisition Fac Fac Chg Chg Su SuPreparation of Detail

Engineering Design (DED)for Macro Polder System

Fac Ini Su Su Chg Su

Preparation of DetailEngineering Design (DED)

for Micro Polder SystemFac Fac Ini * Ini ** Chg Su

Controlling the urbansurface runoff with Low

Impact Development (LID)method;

Fac Fac Ini * Ini ** Chg Su

Landscape Design; Fac Fac Ini * Ini ** Chg SuDevelopment Control; Fac Chg Chg Ini Su Su

Development Facilitation; Fac Fac Fac Su Su SuLaw Enforcement; Fac Chg Chg Su Su Su

Other Aspects Monitoring(Building Design, EIA &

Infrastructure Construction);Fac Chg Chg Su Chg Su

Legend: Facilitation = Fac; Initiation for Public Projects = Ini*; Initiation for Private Projects = Ini**; In chargewith = Chg; Support = Su. Green Impact Indonesia,



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CentralGovernment

JakartaProvincial

Government



panies


Local Communities

Preparation of SOP ofPolder; Fac Fac Ini * Ini ** Chg Su

Infrastructure Construction; Fac Ini Su Su Chg SuMicro Polder Infrastructure

Construction; Fac Fac Ini * Ini ** Chg Su

Infrastructure Operation andManagement; Fac Chg Chg Chg Chg Su

Legal Management; Fac Chg Su Su Su SuFinancial Management; Fac Chg Su Su Su Su

Other Aspects Management(Solid Waste and

Wastewater);Fac Chg Chg Chg Chg Su

Monitoring (Flood System,Water Pollution, Water

Quality);Fac Ini Su Su Chg Su

Evaluation (Organisation,SOP, Infrastructure, etc); Fac Ini Ini * Ini ** Chg Su

Macro Polder InfrastructureImprovement. Fac Ini Su Su Chg Su

Micro Polder InfrastructureImprovement. Fac Fac Ini * Ini ** Chg Su

Legend: Facilitation = Fac; Initiation for Public Projects = Ini*; Initiation for Private Projects = Ini**; In chargewith = Chg; Support = Su. Green Impact Indonesia,



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Conclusion

û North of Jakarta needs the Integrated Polder System tobe implemented to mitigate the worsening floods

û Important steps to implement it are:ó Identification of Stakeholdersó Setting up Provincial Polder Organisation with

involvement of all stakeholdersó Follow the Sustainable Polder Development

Frameworkó Involve professional consultants in the development of

Integrated Spatial Plan and Polder Infrastructure Planû Creative Collaboration of all stakeholders is very

important in the planning, design, development control aswell as implementation of the Polder




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Bibliography (1)CKNet Indonesia (2007), Work Program of ToT IWRM & Climate ChangeDemographics and Civil Records Service: Population of the Province of Jakarta January 2008http://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1461501471/Population_Explosion.html;http://bpdasctw.wordpress.com/http://bplhd.jakarta.go.id/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Populationmilestones.jpghttp://www.ancol.com/http://www.bappedajakarta.go.id/http://www.bappedajakarta.go.id/linkjktutara.asphttp://www.bappenas.go.id/http://www.bkprn.org/v2/http://www.bpn.go.id/home.aspxhttp://www.bpndki.org/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/popclockworld.html, estimated by United States Census Bureau on

5th September 2009;http://www.gwptoolbox.orghttp://www.hkv.nl/default.asp?LanguageID=2http://www.menlh.go.id/http://www.pamjaya.co.id/homehttp://www.penataanruang.net/http://www.pu.go.id/http://www.pub.gov.sg/about/Pages/default.aspxhttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/dbc.nsf/doc100?OpenFormhttp://www.tatakotajakartaku.net/http://www.tempointeraktif.com/hg/ekbis/2007/02/12/brk,2007021293047,id.htmlhttp://www.yearofplanetearth.org/content/downloads/Megacities.pdf




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http://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1461501471/Population_Explosion.html;

http://bpdasctw.wordpress.com/

http://bplhd.jakarta.go.id/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Population-milestones.jpg

http://www.ancol.com/

http://www.bappedajakarta.go.id/

http://www.bappedajakarta.go.id/linkjktutara.asp

http://www.bappenas.go.id/

http://www.bkprn.org/v2/

http://www.bpn.go.id/home.aspx

http://www.bpndki.org/

http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/popclockworld.html,

http://www.gwptoolbox.org

http://www.hkv.nl/default.asp?LanguageID=2

http://www.menlh.go.id/

http://www.pamjaya.co.id/home

http://www.penataanruang.net/

http://www.pu.go.id/

http://www.pub.gov.sg/about/Pages/default.aspx

http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/dbc.nsf/doc100?OpenForm

http://www.tatakota-jakartaku.net/

http://www.tempointeraktif.com/hg/ekbis/2007/02/12/brk,20070212-93047,id.html

http://www.yearofplanetearth.org/content/downloads/Megacities.pdf



Bibliography (2)Indonesian Ministries of Public Works and the Netherlands Ministries of Transport, Public Works

and Water Management, and of Spatial Planning, Housing and Environment, Partners for Water,Rijkswaterstaat, and UNESCOIHE (2009), Guidelines on Urban Polder Development,http://www.pusairpu.go.id/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=41

Jakarta Province’s Public Works Department (2008), Flood Mitigation HandbookMinistry of Public Works, Directorate General of Water Resources Management (2008), Jakarta

Floods Project, Flood Hazards Mappinghttp://www.hkv.nl/documenten/Jakarta_Flood_Hazard_Mapping_Framework_MH.pdf

Research and Development Institute of Water Resources (PUSAIR), Ministry of Public Works,Republic of Indonesia (2007), Final Report of Research on Development of Flood ControlTechnology for Sustainable Waterfront City

SCHULTZ, Bart (2006), Opportunities and Threats for Lowland Development, Concepts for WaterManagement, Flood Protection and Multifunctional LandUse. In Proceedings of the 9th InterRegional Conference on EnvironmentWater, 17 19 May, 2006.

TANUWIDJAJA, Gunawan and MALONELEE, Lai Choo (2009), Applying Integrated EcologicalPlanning and Adaptive Landscape Evaluation Tool for Developing Countries in the Framework ofSustainable Spatial Planning and Development, Study Case Bintan Island, Indonesia, InInternational Seminar Positioning Planning in Global Crises, Bandung November 2009,Department of Regional and City Planning, School of Architecture, Planning and PolicyDevelopment, Institut Teknologi Bandung

www.bbc.co.uk




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http://www.pusair-pu.go.id/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=41

http://www.hkv.nl/documenten/Jakarta_Flood_Hazard_Mapping_Framework_MH.pdf

http://www.bbc.co.uk



20100719-green impact indonesia-creative collaboration in urban polder jakarta

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