200011pp-117 sediment quality and water framework directive from a european perspective gothenburg...
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Sediment Quality and Water Framework Directive from a European perspective
Gothenburg September 28, 2005
SedNet and Port of Rotterdam example
ir. Tiedo Vellinga Director Environment, Safety and Spatial Planning Maasvlakte 2 Port of Rotterdam Associate Professor Ports and Environment Delft University of Technology
The demand-driven, European The demand-driven, European SedSediment Research iment Research NetNetwork work
www.SedNet.orgwww.SedNet.org
Contaminated Sediments
in European River Basins
SedNet MissionA European network for environmentally, socially and economically viable practices of sediment management on river basin scale,
funded by European Commission, DG-Research
as Thematic Network (2002 – 2004)
Outline of presentation
• SedNet 2005+
• Deliverables and Modalities
• SedNet vision on:
• Sediment (role, threats, impacts of contamination)
• Sediment management
• European policy
• Port of Rotterdam example
• Changing perspective on sediment management
• SedNet conclusions and recommendations
SedNet 2005+
Identity: - network of sediment professionals- independent platform for expert-advise- positioned between science and end-users/stakeholders
Focus shifted:- sediment quality and quantity issues- river basin scale- including: estuarine/marine sediments, soil erosion and re-erosion
Aim:- disseminate products and especially our messages - balance sediment research demand & supply- be the window on sediment issues to EC DG Environment
Steering Group:Sponsors & COs
Secretariat(CO: TNO)
SETAC sediment WG(CO: Susanne Heise)
UNESCO-ISI(CO: Jos Brils) National Networks:
- Spain- UK- …
Important EC Projects:- Aquaterra- …
River BasinCommissions
Network of Strategic Alliances/Partnerships
DGESedNet
SETAC
UNESCO
NICOLE
LOICZ ESPO
CEDA
…
…
…
Knowledge oriented (JOINT) ACTIVITIES Management oriented
PIANC
Deliverables to ECDeliverables to EC
Free of charge, through website:
• Contaminated Sediments in European River Basins
• Who-is-who
Commercially published:
• Scientific books on specific sediment management issues (end 2005)
Four scientific books (end 2005)Four scientific books (end 2005)
1. Sediment management at the river basin scaleedited by Dr. Phil Owens, Cranfield University, UK
2. Sediment Quality and Impact Assessment of Pollutantsedited by Prof. Dr. Damià Barceló, CSIC, Spain
3. Dredged material treatmentedited by Dr. Peppe Bortone, ARPA Emilia Romagna, Italy
4. Risk Management and Communicationedited by Dr. Susanne Heise, TU Hamburg-Harburg, Germany
ModalitiesModalities
• Website: www.SedNet.org
• Annual SedNet conference at home base in Venice
• Workshops (see website)
• Bi-Monthly E-newsletter, 900 receivers, world-wide
• Promotion at conferences, workshops etc.
• Joint Programme of Activities (JPA)
• SedNet associated Journal of Soil and Sediments (JSS)
• Participation/cooperation with UNESCO ISI
• Advice EU policy development & assist implementation
The role of sediment
Too much sediment Too little sediment Sediment as resource
Obstruction of channelsRivers fill and floodReefs get smotheredTurbidity
Beaches erodeRiverbanks erodeWetlands are lostRiver profile degradation
Construction materialSand for beachesWetland nourishmentSoil enrichmentHabitat and food for life
(Martin 2002)
Sediment = essential and integrated part of our river basins
Main threats
Quantity related:
Too much or too little sediment (previous slide)
Quality related:
Contamination: due to their nature many hazardous chemicals stick to sediment
Environmental impacts of contamination
• Decreased abundance of species decreased biodiversity
• Secondary poisoning through consumption of contaminated species
• Decreased water quality (sediment & water quality are linked)
But, at what sediment contamination level do these effects occur?
Assessment of contaminated sediment
Assesses:
But, we know by now: hazard = risk = impact (we lack understanding)
Detects:
Method:
hazard
contaminants
chemical analysis
risk
a.o. toxic effects
(bio)assays
ecosystem impacts
impact
field inventory
Socio-economic impacts of contamination
• Decreased valuation of sediment: ‘its toxic waste’ (while it is a valuable resource)
• Complicating management of dredged material (next slide)
But, no common perception of ‘contamination’:
• Typically countries along same river use different methods
• No uniformity in quality standards or guideline values
• Thus a lack of inter-comparability
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Port of Rotterdam example
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Rhine source control program (POR I : 1984 - 1994)
Source identification and load assessment
Contaminant balances
Legal research
Information campaigns
Dialogues and agreements
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Results agreement VCI - Rotterdam
Compound Discharges 1984 (t) 2000 2005 Red. %
’84-‘05
Zinc 450 100 65 86 %
Chromium 150 20 10 93 %
Copper 80 25 16 80 %
Cadmium 1.2 0.5 0.15 88 %
Mercury 0.6 0.14 0.10 83 %
AOX 1500 300 150 90 %
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Rhine Research Project II
Main objective:
Further reduction of the contamination of the
dredged material, as benefits the concept of a
sustainable clean port and environment
Outcomes 1st report:
Diffuse sources are problematic
(including sleeping and seeping sources)
Sediment management on river basin scale
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(fuzzy) classification of
1. substances of concern
2. areas of concern
3. areas of risk
under uncertainty consideration.
Approach of the study
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Substances of concern (step 1)
Cd and Hg: High bioaccumulative potential, high toxicity.
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Areas of concern(step 2)
km 100
km 200
km 300
km 400
km 500
km 600
km 700
km 800
IffezheimIffezheim
HofenHofenCannstadtCannstadt
LauffenLauffen
downstrdownstr. . HülsHüls
HitdorfHitdorf
km 900km 900
Baggerloch MüllerhofBaggerloch Müllerhof
LoreleyLoreleyEddersheimEddersheimGriesheimGriesheimFrankfFrankf. Ost. OstOffenbachOffenbach
MarckolsheimMarckolsheim
AugstAugst
GermersheimGermersheim
GambsheimGambsheim
GundelsheimGundelsheim
AhseAhse
InflowInflow of Ferndorfof Ferndorf
DetzemDetzem
FankelFankel
BellenkrappenBellenkrappenBauhafen WormsBauhafen Worms
LEGENDLEGEND
Increasing Increasing certaintycertainty
Increasing Increasing hazardhazard
No No indication indication of of riskrisk
Different Different data sets data sets for the same locationfor the same location,,point to point to class class 1 and 31 and 3
No No sediment present but sediment present but high high contamination contamination of SPMof SPM
Classification of areas of concern:
Class 1: potential hazardClass 2: potentially high hazardClass 3: potentially high hazard with high certainty.
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Taking into account the probability, that the sediment is resuspended and transported to the Port, and that it still has a concentration that may exceed the level for relocation of sediment at sea.
km 100
km 200
km 300
km 400
km 500
km 600
km 700
km 800
IffezheimIffezheim
HofenHofenCannstadtCannstadt
LauffenLauffen
downstrdownstr. . HülsHüls
HitdorfHitdorf
km 900km 900
Baggerloch MüllerhofBaggerloch Müllerhof
LoreleyLoreleyEddersheimEddersheimGriesheimGriesheimFrankfFrankf. Ost. OstOffenbachOffenbach
MarckolsheimMarckolsheim
AugstAugst
GermersheimGermersheim
GambsheimGambsheim
GundelsheimGundelsheim
AhseAhse
InflowInflow of Ferndorfof Ferndorf
DetzemDetzem
FankelFankel
BellenkrappenBellenkrappenBauhafen WormsBauhafen Worms
LEGENDLEGEND
Increasing Increasing certaintycertainty
Increasing Increasing hazardhazard
No No indication indication of of riskrisk
Different Different data sets data sets for the same locationfor the same location,,point to point to class class 1 and 31 and 3
No No sediment present but sediment present but high high contamination contamination of SPMof SPM
Evidence for high risk
Evidence for risk
Areas of risk(step 3)
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http://www.tu-harburg.de/ut/bis/Projects.htm
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Outlook
Balanced action in level of protection (sea – river; EU
Marine Strategy – EU Water Framework Directive)
Need for management of historic contaminated
sediments in the (EU) river basins (f.e. ICPR)
River basin wide water and sediment management
concepts are under development but should be
elaborated upon
SedNet and Dutch German Exchange as networks to
put this issue forward
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European Environmental Policy (Water Framework Directive)
historic contamination recognized as source
2009: establishment of measures against
contaminating sources at river basins
No-deterioration principle, which implies:
Presentation of evidence, that management
techniques do not lead to deterioration (f.e.
relocation of contaminated sediment into rivers)
Sediments are moving into the focus of EU
Sustainable Sediment Management: challengeSustainable Sediment Management: challenge
Sarno:- heavily contaminated- not much source control
Rhine:- lot of experience
Danube:- 18 countries - from the EU ‘richest’ to ‘poorest’
Changing perspective
Water Framework Directive implementation: Sediment is integrated and essential part of river systems, thus scope will shift from from local to river basin scale sediment management
From hazard to risk based management: Consensus is growing that it is better to look at actual risks or impacts, rather than on checking whether pre-defined sediment quality standards are exceeded
Stakeholders:Their involvement in environmental policy development and implementation processes will become more and more important
Sustainable Sediment Management(according to SedNet)
• in the context of the whole river system
• carefully balancing environmental and socio-economical values
• in increased interaction with stakeholders
• not resulting in up-/downstream impacts, not now or in the future
• embracing the whole soil-water system (integrated solutions)
• respecting natural processes and functioning
Find solutions:
Conclusions• Sediment is a valuable environmental and socio-
economic resource
• As sediment belongs in our rivers, relocation of dredged material is the preferred management option
But, although quality is improving, relocation is restricted in many cases. Thus we should continue source reduction efforts
• And we have to manage our legacy of the past
• European policies only provide a fragmented basis, to protect and manage sediment resources
• Effective protection and proper management deserves a more focussed approach
Recommendations
EU policy development: Integrate sustainable sediment management into the European Water Framework Directive
Sediment management: Find solutions that carefully balance the socio-economic and environmental values and that are set within the context of the whole river system
Research:Improve our understanding of relation between contamination (hazard) and its actual impact to ecology and develop strategies to assess and manage the risks involved
Project funding 2002-2004 Project partners 2005+
Venice Port Authority
Free and Hanseatic City of HamburgHamburg Port Authority
SedNet partners
European Commission
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research
TU Hamburg-Harburg
Rijkswaterstaat
www.SedNet.orgwww.SedNet.org
Thank you for your attention:
Willingness to support?
1. Can you endorse the outcomes of SedNet?2. Do you have recommendations for SedNet?3. Can you support SedNet?4. You can join SedNet!