“2000-2005 wlebis qartuli presis ziritadi sazogadoebriv ... laura... · iv.javaxisvilis saxelobis...

iv.javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis socialur

da politikur mecnierebaTa fakulteti

laura kutubiZe

“2000-2005 wlebis qarTuli presis ZiriTadi sazogadoebriv-

politikuri aspeqtebi”

sadisertacio naSromi

akademiuri xarisxis _ “filosofiis doqtori JurnalistikaSi”

mosapoveblad

naSromi Sesrulebulia iv.javaxiSvilis

saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi

samecniero xelmZRvaneli,

filosofiis doqtori JurnalistikaSi,

profesori marina vekua

Tbilisi

2009

2

sarCevi:

Sesavali _ gv.3

I Tavi _ ramdenime zogadi Strixi mediis arsisa da qarTuli

presis daxasiaTebisaTvis _ gv.7

masobrivi komunikaciisa da masmediis Taobaze _ gv.7

axali aTaswleulis qarTuli mediis zogadi Strixebi _ gv.13

II Tavi _ saxelmwifo qarTuli presis prizmaSi _ gv.30

saxelmwifos imiji _ gv.30

dasavleTi Tu ruseTi? (saxelmwifos orientaciis problemis

aspeqtebi) _ gv.40

sagareo Temis ramdenime ZiriTadi aspeqti _ gv.47

destabilizaciis “sainformacio uzrunvelyofa” _ gv.78

afxazeTisa da e.w. samxreT oseTis problemis ramdenime aspeqti _ gv.91

III Tavi _ saxelisuflo brZolebi _ presis ZiriTadi aspeqti _ gv.98

zurab Jvanias “politikuri goni” _ miTi Tu realoba _ gv.99

parlamentisa da mTavrobis dapirispireba _ gv.102

dapirispireba mmarTveli partiis _ “moqalaqeTa kavSiris” wiaRSi _

gv.105

IV Tavi _ arCevnebi da politikuri speqtri _ gv.113

2000 wlis saprezidento arCevnebi _ gv.115

2002 wlis adgilobrivi arCevnebi _ gv.117

2003 weli _ permanentuli saarCevno reJimi _ gv.121

2004 wlis saprezidento da xelaxali saparlamento arCevnebi _ gv.134

arCevnebi postrevoluciur aWaraSi _ gv.145

V Tavi _ “vardebis revolucia” da postrevoluciuri periodi _

gv.148

postrevoluciuri/postSevardnaZistuli xelisuflebis Sefaseba

(presis aqcentebi) _ gv.157

“triumvirati” _ gv.163

aWaris movlenebi _ “vardebis revoluciis” logikuri gagrZeleba _

gv.168

saqarTveloSi jorj buSis vizitis rezonansi presaSi _ gv.187

daskvna _ gv.203

3

Sesavali

sadisertacio naSromi, ZiriTadad, eyrdnoba 2000-2005 wlebis presas

(gazeTebi _ “alia”, “rezonansi”, “24 saaTi”, “dilis gazeTi”, “axali Taoba”,

“kviris palitra”, “axali versia”, “kviris qronika”, “jorjian Taimsi”, “mTavari

gazeTi”, “dro”, “droni”, “meridiani”, “axali epoqa”, “saqarTvelos respublika”,

“xvalindeli dRe”, “asaval-dasavali”, “meridiani”/”axali meridiani”, “7

dRe”/”axali 7 dRe”, “marTali gazeTi”, “ganaxlebuli iveria”; Jurnalebi _

“arili”, “imiji”, “sarke”, “Tbiliselebi”) da Sesabamis literaturas.

Cveni presa, jerjerobiT, ar iZleva imis saSualebas, rom erTmaneTisagan

mkveTrad gavmijnoT sazogadoebriv-politikuri da bulvaruli gamocemebi, an

romelime gamocemas Tamamad vuwodoT avtoritetuli, gavleniani, akademiuri,

soliduri (am SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs ara mxolod romelime

calkeuli gamocemis profesiuli done, aramed misi tiraJic, gavrcelebis

arealic da sxva parametrebi, romelic erTianobaSi qmnis mis mimarT

sazogadoebis Sesabamis damokidebulebas).

sadisertacio naSromSi “saxis lingvisturi realizacia sagazeTo

komunikaciaSi” (sakvlev masalad gamoyenebulia 1998-2006 wlis britanuli da

qarTuli gazeTebi), avtori, Tornike gogolaSvili, ase ajgufebs qarTul

presas: avtoritetuli (“saqarTvelos respublika”, “Tbilisi”, “24 saaTi”,

“axali epoqa”), bulvaruli (“yovelkvireuli qronika”, “idumalebis samyaro”,

“rao-rao”, “es sainteresoa”) da Sualeduri (“rezonansi”, “alia”, “axali Taoba”,

“asaval-dasavali”, “axali era”). (13, 4) amasTan, aRniSnavs, rom saqarTveloSi

ara gvaqvs gavleniani gamocemebi, britaneTSi ki ar aris Sualeduri gazeTebi.

SeiZleba gansazRvreba “Sualeduri” marTlac mivusadagoT im gamocemebs,

romlebSic aRreulia sazogadoebriv-politikuri gamocemebisa da bulvarulis

standarti, Tematika, stili, masalebis mowodebis forma da a.S. magram ver

daveTanxmebiT Tornike gogolaSvils, romelic erT kategoriaSi aqcevs,

magaliTad “rezonanssa” da “asaval-dasavals”, an avtoritetul gazeTad

miiCnevs gazeT “Tbiliss”, romelic sociologiuri gamokiTxvebis mixedviT

zogjer pirvel oceulSic ar xvdeba (kiTxvadobis, ndobis da a.S. mixedviT).

amasTan, misi klasifikaciis arealSi saerTod ar moeqca iseTi gazeTebi,

rogoricaa: “kviris palitra”, “jorjian Taimsi”, “dilis gazeTi”, “axali

versia”, “xvalindeli dRe”, “mTavari gazeTi” da a.S.

4

Cveni sadisertacio naSromis mizani da sagani ar yofila am

mimarTulebiT kvlevis warmarTva, magram am sakiTxze yuradRebas vamaxvilebT

imdenad, ramdenadac saWiro iyo mogveZebna kriteriumi saanalizo gamocemaTa

klasifikaciisaTvis _ sazogadoebriv-politikur TematikasTan maTi mimarTebisa

da Sesabamisobis mixedviT. amgvar kriteriumad avirCieT maTi interesebis

arealSi sazogadoebriv-politikuri Temebis primati (es, ra Tqma unda, yvelas

Tanabrad ar exeba); rac Seexeba Cveneul gansazRvrebas _ “sainformacio

amindis Semqmneli gamocemebi”, romelsac xSirad viyenebT naSromSi, es ukve

gulisxmobs ara yvela zemoaRniSnul, 20-ze met gamocemas, aramed imaT,

romlebic Sesabamis etapze reitinguli Skalis Tundac pirvel aTeulSi

figurirebdnen da, Sesabamisad, upiratesoba hqondaT sazogadoebaze

zemoqmedebisa da saTanado sainformacio ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad. xolo

“masmediis flagmanebSi” vgulisxmobT maRalreitingul gamocemebs (zogan,

Sesabamis konteqstSi, plus, telekompania “rusTavi 2”-sac, romelic 2000-2003

wlis telereitingebSi erTpirovnuli lideri iyo).

sainformacio suraTisa da sainformacio rezonansis garkveuli

kanonzomierebis dasadgenad, SedarebisTvis viSveliebdiT qarTuli

telekompaniebis sainformacio produqciasa da onlain-mediis meSveobiT _

ucxouri mediis gamoxmaurebas saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebze.

rac Seexeba 2000-2005 wlebis qarTuli presis ZiriTadi sazogadoebriv-

politikuri aspeqtebis gansazRvras: CvenTvis TviTmizani ar yofila

disertaciaSi mocemuli aspeqtebis kvleva; piriqiT, am aspeqtebis

prioritetuloba gamoikveTa swored kvlevisa da analizis procesSi. xazgasmiT

unda aRvniSnoT, rom es, ra Tqma unda, ar aris presis aspeqtebis sruli (da

srulyofili) suraTi. SevecadeT, paralelebi dagveZebna am mimarTulebiT

Tanamedrove qarTuli presis Sesaxeb Seqmnil samecniero kvlevebSi (pirvel

yovlisa, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs sadisertacio naSromebi).

filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad

Seqmnili ioseb WumburiZis naSromi _ “Tanamedrove qarTuli presis ZiriTadi

tendenciebi” swored Cveni sakvlevi periodis identur periods exeba (2000-2006

wlebi). misi naSromis Sinaarsi: “ilias gza da mTavari Temebi”; “gazeTis

pirveli gverdi”, “interviu _ gabatonebuli Janri”, “ena da stili.

publicisturi ostatobis zogierTi sakiTxi”, “vardebis revolucia” da

qarTuli presa” da Tavad kvleva, cxadyofs, rom aq aris mcdeloba ara

mxolod presis tendenciebis, aramed, Jurnalisturi ostatobis kvlevisac.

Cveni interesis sagani am naSromTan mimarTebaSi iyo _ Tanamedrove presis

5

ZiriTadi tendenciebidan ra moeqca kvlevis yuradRebis arealSi. ilia

WavWavaZis mier dasaxuli orientiri _ “mamuli, ena, sarwmunoeba”, rogorc

WumburiZe askvnis sakvlevad SerCeuli sami gazeTis magaliTze, ar qceula

Tanamedrove presis mTavar Temebad (raSic savsebiT veTanxmebiT), sxva ZiriTadi

Tema (Tu ar CavTvliT “vardebis revolucias”) naSromSi ar ikveTeba,

ramdenadac Semdgom mkvlevaris interesi inacvlebs Jurnalisturi ostatobis

sferosken. (76)

Cveni sadisertacio naSromis arealSi moqceuli presis Seswavlam

gamokveTa ramdenime ZiriTadi aspeqti, romelic figurirebs mTel saanalizo

periodSi; pirvel yovlisa, mudmivi yuradRebis centrSia: saxelisuflo

brZolebi, destabilizaciis Tema, sagareo faqtorebis gavlena qveynis

cxovrebaze (saqarTvelo-ruseTi-aSS), saarCevno kampaniebi, “vardebis

revolucia” da misi Semdgomi rezonansi da a.S. xazgasmiT aRvniSnavT, rom

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs ara qveynis sazogadoebriv-politikuri aspeqtebis asaxva

presaSi, radganac qveynis sazogadoebriv-politikuri cxovrebis romelime

umniSvnelovanesi aspeqti SesaZloa arc iqces presis mTavar aspeqtad da

piriqiT.

amTaviTve unda SevniSnoT, rom mediis prizmaSi gatarebuli

mniSvnelovani Tu umniSvnelo movlenebi ZiriTadad mainc saxelisuflo

brZolebis konteqstSi ganixileba. am TvalsazrisiT erTmaneTTan mWidro

kavSirSia saxelmwifos, xelisuflebis, prezidentis, postSevardnaZistuli

periodis, politikuri speqtris, kancelaria-parlamentis urTierTmimarTebis,

saarCevno bataliebisa da sxva sazogadoebriv-politikuri Temebis

mediaaqcentebi; konfliqtur regionebTan _ afxazeTsa da e.w. samxreT oseTTan

dakavSirebuli sainformacio sababebic umeteswilad swored politikur

bataliebs ukavSirdeba. arc qveynis orientaciisa da sagareo urTierTobebis

Tematikaa dazRveuli politizebisa da personificirebis tendenciisagan.

amdenad, saWirod miviCnieT disertaciis calke TavSi gagvemaxvilebina

yuradReba saxelisuflo brZolebze, rac arsebiTad ganapirobebda qveynis

sazogadoebriv-politikuri viTarebis diskurss presaSi. aseve, naSromis

yuradRebis arealSi movaqcieT destabilizaciuri procesebi, romelic xSir

SemTxvevaSi arc ganviTarebula, magram sainformacio fonis Semzadeba

aqtiurad mimdinareobda (magaliTad, “saxelmwifo gadatrialebis” scenarebis

ganviTareba, pankisSi ruseTis intervenciis safrTxe da a.S.)

miuxedavad imisa, rom sadisertacio Tema TiTqmis 5,5 wels moicavs da 20-

ze meti gamocemis mixedviT Seqmnil suraTs, winamdebare naSroms ara aqvs

6

sruli da, miT ufro, qronologiuri, suraTis Seqmnis pretenzia. Cveni mizani

iyo yuradRebis arealSi mogveqcia is ZiriTadi aspeqtebi, romelTa erTad

Tavmoyra, Cveni azriT, ara mxolod presis, aramed, garkveulwilad, qveyanaSi

mimdinare tendenciebsac asaxavs. sagulisxmoa erTi garemoebac: sadisertacio

TemaSi warmodgenili presa, ZiriTadad, Seswavlilia Tanmimdevrulad, imave

2000-2005 wlebSi; presis publikaciebis, da, saerTod, am wlebis qarTuli

masmediis bevri aqcenti da maTze dayrdnobiT ganviTarebuli prognozebi,

drois axlandeli gadasaxedidanac marTebuli Cans; es garemoeba, vfiqrobT,

ufro zrdis presis kvlevis mniSvnelobas saqarTvelosaTvis am

umniSvnelovanesi periodis Seswavlisa da gaazrebisaTvis.

7

Tavi I

ramdenime zogadi Strixi mediis arsisa da qarTuli presis

daxasiaTebisTvis

masobrivi komunikaciisa da masmediis Taobaze

Tanamedrove masmediis bunebisa da specifikis, misi funqciebis

CamoyalibebisaTvis arsebiTia misi arsis gaazreba ara mxolod masobrivi

komunikaciebis Teoriis, aramed, zogadad, postindustiuli/postmodernistuli

epoqis paradigmebis konteqstSi. gaazreba imisa, Cvens Tvalwin rogor

Caanacvla materialisturi realoba virtualurma; rogor Seicvala

urTierTmimarTeba marketinguli urTierTobebis ganmsazRvrelma komponentebma

(moTxovna produqtze ukve mniSvnelovanwilad emyareba ara aucileblobasa da

saWiroebas, aramed Tavad marketinguli komunikaciebis mier warmoSobil

moTxovnilebas).

mosazreba globalizaciis periodis masobrivi komunikaciis

yovlisSemZleobis Taobaze, Cveni azriT, TandaTan miTiur saburvelSi exveva.

miuxedavad imisa, rom masobrivi komunikaciis arsis kvleva Cveni kompetenciisa

da sadisertacio Temis farglebs scildeba, mocemuli periodis presis

analizis marTebulobas mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs zogadad Tanamedrove

sainformacio sivrcis Tavisebureba da masmediis SesaZleblobebi. amdenad,

SevecdebiT mokled mimovixiloT is ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi, romelTa

gaazreba warmodgenas gviqmnis Tanamedrove mediis bunebasa da daniSnulebaze;

amasTan, garkveulwilad gvexmareba Cvens realobaSi mimdinare procesebis

axsnasa da gacnobierebaSi.

presis funqciis gansazRvrisas SevecadeT SeZlebisdagvarad Tavi

mogveyara tradiciuli Sexedulebebisa da SedarebiT axali

gansazRvrebisaTvis. Tu pirveli nakadi presas masobrivi informaciis,

Jurnalistikis sistemis Semadgenel nawilad miiCnevs, meore _ masobrivi

komunikaciis saSualebaTa nawilad. marTalia, cneba “masobrivi” orivegan

figurirebs da “informaciis” cnebac “komunikaciis” fundamentia, magram

zogierTi mkvlevari maT Soris mkveTr mijnas avlebs, zogi ki identur, an

TiTqmis identur cnebebad miiCnevs. (15; 21; 22; 57; 66; 67)

8

“media, masmedia, masobrivi informaciis saSualebani da masobrivi

komunikaciis saSualebani umeteswilad paralelur cnebebad gamoiyeneba”, _

aRniSnulia revaz surgulaZisa da eldar iberis wignSi “masobrivi

komunikacia” (66, 21), romelSic Sejerebulia masobrivi komunikaciis

Tanamedrove Teoriebis ZiriTadi koncefciebi, _ “termini “masobrivi

komunikaciis saSualebani” ufro srulad gamoxatavs Tanamedrove presis,

radiosa da televiziis socialur funqciebs, Tumca, angariSgasawevia is

mosazrebac, rom “Jurnalistikis” cnebas ufro “masobrivi informaciis

saSualebebi” Seesabameba. (saerTod ki, Tu bolomde logikuri viqnebiT, unda

vaRiaroT, rom “masobrivi komunikaciis saSualebani” ufro zogadi, saerTo

cnebaa, xolo “masobrivi informaciis saSualebani” misi is arsebiTi nawilia,

romelsac informaciis perioduli da operatiuli gavrceleba evaleba).” (66,

.21)

“riT gansxvavdeba Jurnalistika komunikaciebis sxva formebisagan da ra

aris misi Zireuli sawyisebi” _ am problemis garkveva daisaxes amocanad 1997

wlis ivnisSi, harvardis klubSi Sekrebilma aSS-is wamyvani mediasaSualebebis

gavlenianma warmomadgenlebma da Jurnalistikis mowinave specialistebma.

“problema is aris, rom dRes mowmeni varT Jurnalistikis gaTqvefisa

komunikaciebis ufro did samyaroSi. Cven unda vecadoT, rom Jurnalistika

kvlav gamovyoT am didi samyarodan”, _ ase Seajama diskusia kolumbiis

universitetis profesorma jeims kerim.” (34, 11-12)

Jurnalisti paata nacvliSvili, Tavis sadisertacio naSromSi _

“qarTuli Jurnalistikis genezisisaTvis” sainteresod xsnis marSal makluenis

cnobili formulis _ “The Medium is the message” _ arss (amasTan, misi Targmani _

“mediumi aris mesiji” ufro zustad gamoxatavs makluenis koncefcias, vidre

misi qarTuli Sesatyvisi _ “saSualeba aris Setyobineba”): “mediumi, anu

komunikaciis saSualeba, Tavad aris mesiji (Setyobineba, ambavi, Sinaarsi) im

TvalsazrisiT, rom igi gansazRvravs da gamoxatavs drois ama Tu im

konkretul monakveTSi socialuri organizaciis princips, gvevlineba rogorc

pirovnuli, ise sazogadoebrivi aRqmis generatorad. sensoruli balansis

Secvla xdeba Sinaarsisagan damoukideblad, komunikaciis erTi saSualebidan

meoreze gadasvlis Sedegad da Sesabamisad. ase, rom makluenis es cnobili

formula SeiZleba amgvaradac iqnas gagebuli: “masobrivi informaciis

saSualeba Tavad aris informacia” da aqedan _ gacilebiT mniSvnelovania ara

is, ra informacias gawvdian, aramed is, vin gawvdis, sad, rogor, da ra

saSualebiT; da kidev ufro martivad _ forma aris Sinaarsi.” (54, 19)

9

komunikaciis saSualebis arsisa da gavlenis gadmosacemad maklueni

ganmartavs: “komunikaciis saSualebis gavlena Zlieri da intensiuri xdeba

swored imis wyalobiT, rom mas “Sinaarsis” saxiT eZleva isev komunikaciis

romelime sxva saSualeba.” (magaliTad, kinofilmis Sinaarsia romani, piesa an

opera). (47, 22)

am postulatis gaazreba, Cveni azriT, uaRresad mniSvnelovania ara

mxolod mediis/masobrivi komunikaciis/masobrivi informaciis rTuli da

winaaRmdegobrivi bunebis asaxsnelad da gadmosacemad, aramed maTi

daniSnulebisa da funqciebis gansazRvrisTvisac. Tavs uflebas mivcemT,

masmediasTan mimarTebSi makluenis es mravlismomcveli “formula” amgvarad

davakonkretoT _ Jurnalistika (misi ganStoebebiT) isevea masobrivi

komunikaciis saSualebebis Sinaarsi, rogorc reklama, garTobis industria da

a.S. aqedan gamomdinare, advili asaxsnelia da alogikurad aRar moCans

“Jurnalistikis gaTqvefa komunikaciebis ufro did samyaroSi”, masobrivi

informaciis saSualebaTa mTavar funqciad garTobis miCneva da sxva amgvari

daskvna Tu Tvalsazrisi, romelTa erTi nawilis moxmoba Cvens naSromSic

vcadeT; radgan am fonze ufro marTebulia gaanalizeba, ganviTarebis ra

stadiazea qarTuli presa, Sesabamisad _ misi perspeqtivis gaazrebac.

masmediis SesaZleblobebze, mis funqciebsa da zemoqmedebis xarisxze

msjelobisas isev makluens moSveliebT. wignSi, “mediis gageba”, igi wers, rom

papi pius XII did mniSvnelobas aniWebda komunikaciis Tanamedrove saSualebaTa

seriozuli kvlevis aucileblobas. 1950 wels mas ubrZanebia: “gadaWarbebuli

ar iqneba Tu vityviT, rom Tanamedrove sazogadoebis momavali da misi Sinagani

cxovrebis stabiluroba didwiladaa damokidebuli wonasworobis

SenarCunebaze _ komunikaciis saSualebaTa teqnikur simZlavreebsa da adamianis

individualur aRqmas/reaqcias Soris.” (47, 25) makluenis komentariT,

saukuneebis manZilze am wonasworobis SenarCunebis uunaroba, komunikaciis

saSualebaTa zemoqmedebis qvecnobierad da morCilad miReba adamianebs maT

“ukedlebo tyveebad” aqcevda. (46, 181)

sazogadoebasa da individze masobrivi komunikaciis totaluri

zemoqmedebis damkvidrebuli Sexedulebis paralelurad, mkvlevarebi

(sociologebi, fsiqologebi, filosofosebi, kulturologebi...) sul ufro

metad amaxvileben yuradRebas ukuprocesze, masobrivi komunikaciis

demasifikaciis tendenciis gaCenaze (samomavlod, ufro gaZlierebaze)

elvin tofleri, cnobili amerikeli sociologi da futurologi

(Tavdapirvelad, Jurnalisti) Tavisi naSromis _ “mesame talRis” erT-erT Tavs

10

swored ase asaTaurebs _ “masobrivi informaciis saSualebaTa demasifikacia”.

tofleri ayalibebs axali, mesame talRis zeindustriuli civilizaciis

(pirveli talRa _ agraruli civilizacia, meore _ industriuli) niSnebs,

gamowvevebs, safrTxeebs... es civilizacia ukve radikalurad cvlis

industriuli civilizaciis masobrivi informaciis saSualebaTa mier masobriv

cnobierebaSi Canergil unificirebul saxeebs/xatebs da qcevis standartebs.

magaliTad, videoTamaSebi ara mxolod angrevs teleauditoriis masivs, aramed

milionobiT adamians aswavlis televizorTan TamaSs, misTvis “pasuxis

gacemas”, masze zemoqmedebas. es erTgvari varjiSia, romelic eleqtronul

samyaroSi cxovrebisTvis gvamzadebs. am procesSi informaciis pasiuri

mimRebidan adamiani informaciis gamgzavni/gadamcemi xdeba da axla is

manipulirebs televizoriT. video ki TiToeul momxmarebels saSualebas

aZlevs Tavad iyos sakuTari produqciisa da sakuTari “saxeebis” Semqmneli.

ase rom, Zlevamosili televiziis tradiciuli masobrivi auditoria

meCxerdeba, demasificirdeba. (68, 22-26)

tofleris “mesame talRis” daweridan or aTeul welze meti gavida.

masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi jer isev inarCuneben aqtualobas, magram

yvela sasicocxlo sferos kompiuterizacia, interneti marTlac TandaTan

aRrmavebs maT demasifikacias. komunikativistebi da Jurnalistikis

mkvlevarebic varaudoben, rom moTxovnilebebi Cveulebriv masobriv

informaciul saSualebebze TandaTan Semcirdeba da adgils dauTmobs

individeos ufro daxvewil interaqtiur saSualebebs; rom axali

teqnologiebis bazaze warmoqmnili multimedia (romelic SeiTavsebs Jurnal-

gazeTebis, televiziis, radios, qseluri gamocemebis SesaZleblobebs) adamians

saSualebas miscems mocemul momentSi Tavad SearCios da miiRos misi

interesis da saWiroebis Sesabamisi informacia, teqsti, gamosaxuleba _

beWduri, vizualuri Tu xmovani. (66, 21; 15, 267-271)

XIX saukunis SuaxanebSi balzaki werda: “Jurnalizmi... Tanamedrove

sazogadoebis religiaa”; “...Cven, RmerTi mefistofelis namdvilma mimdevrebma,

ijariT aviReT sazogadoebrivi azris SeRebva...” (4, 66-68). faqtobrivad, am

ironiuli fraziT balzakma Jurnalistikis/masmediis is umTavresi funqcia

Camoayaliba, romelsac mTeli am saukunenaxevris ganmavlobaSi aqtualoba ar

daukargavs, oRondac transformirdeboda _ sazogadoebrivi azris

Seqmna/warmarTva/manipulireba...

masmediis funqciebis gansazRvrisas TiTqmis yvela TvalsazrisSi

saerToa postulati, rom media unda emsaxurebodes sazogadoebas. adamianis

11

uflebaTa dacvis evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom presis Tavisuflebas

sagangebo dacva sWirdeba, imisaTvis rom mas hqondes saSualeba Seasrulos

“sazogadoebrivi guSagis sasicocxlod aucilebeli roli” da “gaavrcelos

sazogadoebrivi interesis Semcveli informacia.” (35, 164)

gazeTebis msoflio asociaciis kvlevisa da informaciis marTvis

ganyofilebis direqtori, tatiana repkova, masmediis funqciis gansazRvrisas,

sazogadoebis “modaraje nagazis” (repkovas wignSi, “nagazis” nacvlad, “ZaRli” gvxvdeba;

albaT, Targmanis xarvezia, _ l.k.) rols ase akonkretebs: “presisgan, romelsac

xelisuflebis meoTxe sayrdens uwodeben, elian, rom is meTvalyureobas

gauwevs xelisuflebis sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebel da sasamarTlo Stoebs

(Sesabamisad _ parlaments, mTavrobasa da sasamarTlos) da maT mier

xelisuflebis arakeTilsindisierad gamoyenebis nebismier SemTxvevas

gamoamzeurebs.” (62, 7-8)

mediis frangi mkvlevari, klod-Jan bertrani masmediis eqvs funqcias

gamoyofs:

1. meTvalyureoba (mediis funqciaa informaciis moZieba, gafiltvra,

gaanalizeba, interpretireba da Semdgom misi gavrceleba yvelasaTvis

gasageb enaze. kerZod, mediam arCevnebs Soris drois intervalSi

Tvalyuri unda adevnos sami politikuri saxelisuflo Stos

(aRmasrulebeli, sakanonmdeblo da sasamarTlo) saqmianobas);

2. sazogadoebrivi komunikaciis uzrunvelyofa (media warmoadgens sajaro

forums debatebisTvis);

3. msoflios axali ambebiT uzrunvelyofa;

4. kulturis gavrceleba;

5. garToba;

6. gayidva (media reklamis gavrcelebis mTavari saSualebaa). (11, 23-25)

amerikeli politologebi, wignis _ “amerikuli demokratiis” avtorebi

(qeneT janda, jefri m. beri, jeri goldmeni) miiCneven, rom “masobrivi

saSualebebis mTavari funqcia garTobaa. Tumca, isini, aseve, asruleben

politikur funqciebs: gadmoscemen axal ambebs, ukeTeben maT komentars,

gavlenas axdenen moqalaqeTa Sexedulebebze, politikur dRis wesrigze da

mosaxleobis politikur socializaciaze.” (77, 151)

mokled SevCerdebiT masmediis rolze samTavrobo komunikaciaSi.

“aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis germanul

modelSi” erT-erTi qveTavi asea dasaTaurebuli _ “marTva Tanamedrove

masmediis pirobebSi”, rac TavisTavad mianiSnebs imaze, rom media ganixileba

12

ara samTavrobo komunikaciis konteqstSi, aramed piriqiT _ samTavrobo

komunikacia ganixileba mediis konteqstSi: “msoflioSi mimdinare yvela sajaro

movlena mediis mier muSavdeba, amitom politikis monawileni cdiloben

politikuri sinamdvilis medialur konstruqciasa da misi TamaSis wesebs

miesadagon.” (3, 10) aqve gansazRvrulia mediis funqcia sajaro azris

CamoyalibebaSi: “... media politikuri monawileebisa da komunikaciis simbolur

garemos qmnis: agebs politikur realobas, romelic Tanabrad TvalsaCinoa,

rogorc moqalaqeebis, ise politikuri monawileebisTvis da yoveldRiur

kontaqts amyarebs politikasTan. politikosebi, biurokratebi, interesTa

gamomxatvelebi, erTmaneTs mediis saSualebiT swavloben... media adgens

standarts, romlis mixedviTac moqalaqeebi politikur monawileebs afaseben.”

(3, 11-12)

saxelmZRvaneloSi _ “saparlamento kontroli usafrTxoebis seqtorze:

principebi, meqanizmebi da praqtika” (parlamentTaSorisi kavSirisa (IPU) da

SeiaraRebul Zalebze demokratiuli kontrolis Jenevis centris (DCAF) mier

gamocemuli) ganxilulia mediis damokidebuleba usafrTxoebis seqtoris

mimarT da parlamentis mier mediis faqtoris gamoyenebis mniSvneloba;

aRniSnulia mediis wvlili xelisuflebis sami Stos gakontrolebaSi, misi

gavlena sajaro debatebis Sinaarsisa da sakiTxebis prioritetulobis

gansazRvraSi da a.S. movixmobT citatas, romelic gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa

saqarTvelos realobisTvis: “im qveynebSi, sadac media damokidebulia

samTavrobo institutebze, igi gacilebiT ufro xSirad xdeba mmarTvelTa

propagandistuli miznebis msxverpli. amgvar viTarebaSi media ar warmoadgens

usafrTxoebis seqtorze demokratiuli kontrolis da gamWvirvalobis

uzrunvelmyof erT-erT instruments.” (63, 39)

masmediis arsis zogadi mimoxilvis am mcdelobas davasrulebT misi

zemoqmedebis fenomenis axsnis kidev erTi rakursiT. cnobili frangi

moazrovne, “postmodernis gurud” wodebuli Jan bodriari, pirvelive wignSi

“saganTa sistema” (pirvelad gamoica 1968 wels), mTlianad masmediis

zemoqmedebis “specifiur logikas” reklamis zemoqmedebis identurad miiCnevs

da mas “Tovlis papis” logikas/fenomens uwodebs: Cven gvwams ara

reklamirebuli saqonlis Rirseba, aramed gvwams reklama, romelic Cvens

darwmunebas cdilobs. momxmarebelze gadamwyvet zemoqmedebas axdens ara

reklamis ritorikuli an informaciuli diskursi saqonlis RirsebaTa Sesaxeb;

individi mgrZnobiarea im naboZebi mzrunvelobisa da daculobis faruli

motivebis mimarT, romelsac “sxvebi” iCenen misi darwmunebisa da

13

gadabirebisTvis. aqedan momdinareobs reklamis/masmediis savsebiT realuri

qmediToba _ misi logika ara mxolod STagonebis da refleqsis logikaa,

aramed aranakleb mkacri logika rwmenisa da regresiis. (9)

Cveni azriT, “regresia” am konteqstSi moxmobilia ara “ukusvlis”, aramed

im mniSvnelobiT, romliTac igi stilistikaSi aRniSnavs sityvaTa ukuwyobas:

anu, reklamirebul saqonels vyidulobT ara imitom, rom reklamam dagvarwmuna

mis RirsebebSi, aramed, imitom rom “gvwams reklama, romelic Cvens darwmunebas

cdilobs”. igive exeba masmediis zemoqmedebasac; mis produqcias _ informacias,

movixmarT da vendobiT ara imitom, rom eWvmiutanlad gvjera yvela

informaciis, aramed imitom, rom gvwams masmediis, “romelic Cvens darwmunebas

cdilobs”.

TiTqos paradoqsia, rom im viTarebaSi, roca momxmarebels ar sjera

reklamis, icis misi mzakvruli xasiaTi, is mainc yidulobs reklamirebul

saqonels; ufro metic, reklama mas uCens moTxovnilebas (Sesabamisad,

moTxovnasac) iseT saqonelze, romelic xSirad arc saWiroa misTvis, arc

aucilebeli da arc xelmisawvdomi. Tvisobrivi gansxvaveba marTlac ar aris

masmediasTan mimarTebaSi _ mas akritikeben, ar endobian, ician, rom

umeteswilad misi informacia emyareba subieqtur intrepretaciebs da ara

ambis/movlenis amsaxvel faqtebs, magram, miuxedavad amisa, araTu moixmaren

masmediis produqts, aramed, cnobierad Tu qvecnobierad, emorCilebian kidec

sainformacio inJineriiT modelirebul “realobas” da Tavadac aqtiurad

monawileoben mis SeqmnaSi.

erTi mxriv, usafrTxoebis, daculobis SegrZneba (9, 34), romelsac badebs

informaciis floba da, meore mxriv, avtoritetuli azris gavlenis, sxvaTa

azris damowmebis faqtori (73), saTanado vels qmnis individsa Tu masebSi

masmediisadmi rwmenis ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad. e.w. avtoritetuli, gavleniani

mediis cnebac amas adasturebs: adamianebs sWirdebaT avtoritetuli

dadastureba/uaryofa/koreqcia TavianTi azrebisa da Sexedulebebisa, an, sxvaTa

azrisa da Sexedulebebis gaTvaliswineba.

axali aTaswleulis qarTuli mediis zogadi Strixebi

disertaciis am nawilSi SevecdebiT warmovaCinoT, ra roli ganesazRvra

qarTul medias gardamaval periodSi, rogor Seesabameboda is misTvis

dakisrebul funqcias; rogori iyo aTaswleulis damdegis da “vardebis

revoluciis” periodis media, ra kliSeebsa da stereotipebs qmnida am periodis

14

presa; ra parametrebiT ganisazRvreba, saerTod, mediis Tavisufleba da

damoukidebloba, raa saerTo da ganmasxvavebeli am TvalsazrisiT

ganviTarebul demokratiebsa da qarTul sinamdviles Soris.

masmediis Tavisuflebis xarisxi qveynis demokratiulobis barometrad

iTvleba; amitom, ucxoeli damkvirveblebica da qarTveli eqspertebic

saqarTveloSi demokratiis ganviTarebis procesis erT-erT mTavar maCveneblad

Tavisufali mediis arsebobas asaxelebdnen. oRondac, unda davakonkretoT, rom

umTavresad cneba “Tavisufali media” gamoiyeneboda, da inerciiT dRemde ase

grZeldeba, “sityvis Tavisuflebis” Tanabarzomier cnebad.

propagandistuli wnexis, partiuli da saxelmwifo diqtatisa da

cenzurisagan sityvis gaTavisuflebis Tavdapirveli etapi, qarTulma mediam

marTlac sakmaod warmatebulad ganvlo; magram am pirvel etaps unda

mohyoloda mediis mier finansuri da saredaqcio damoukideblobis mopovebis,

sityvis TavisuflebasTan pasuxismgeblobis Sexamebis, profesiuli

standartebis damkvidrebis da a.S. etapebi, romlis gareSec “Tavisufali media”

mxolod formaluri cnebaa.

saqarTveloSi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTarebisadmi miZRvnil

kvlevaSi politologi gia nodia iyenebs definicias “damoukidebeli media”.

amTaviTve vityviT, rom Tavisi WeSmariti mniSvnelobiT es gansazRvreba

qarTul medias namdvilad ar miesadageba da es kargad Cans Tundac

sadisertacio naSromSi warmodgenili presis analiziTac. Tumca, igi

gamoxatavs gansxvavebas sabWoTa da postsabWoTa periodis saqarTvelos (anu,

deklarirebulad damoukidebeli) medias Soris da, rogorc Cans, am Sinaarss

deben masSi qarTveli Tu ucxoeli Semfaseblebi.

gia nodia aRniSnavs, rom: “damoukidebeli media, iseve rogorc

arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, saqarTveloSi damoukideblobis da

demokratiuli institutebis ganviTarebasTan erTad Seiqmna. rogorc erTis, ise

meoris Casaxva paralelurad xdeboda 1980-iani wlebis bolodan. maTi

warmateba saqarTveloSi, erTi mxriv, uSualod damokidebulia liberaluri

institutebis ganviTarebis doneze; meore mxriv ki, amgvari ganviTarebis

umTavresi indikatoria. rodesac bolo 10-15 wlis manZilze saqarTveloSi

demokratiis ganviTarebis SedarebiT warmatebebze laparakobdnen, upirveles

yovlisa, swored mediisa da mesame seqtoris ganviTareba mohyavdaT amis

yvelaze TvalsaCino sabuTad. meore mxriv, rodesac “vardebis revoluciis”

Semdeg gaxSirda wuxilebi imis gamo, rom revoluciam demokratiis ganviTareba

ki ara, misi garkveuli Sesusteba moitana, amis erT-erT ZiriTad

15

gamoxatulebas swored mediaSi pluralizmis Sesustebasa da mesame seqtoris

aqtivobis da rolis daqveiTebaSi xedaven.” (56, 48)

“vardebis revoluciis” Semdgom periodSi, marTlac, erTgvarad

damuxruWda qarTuli masmediis ganviTareba. “vardebis revolucia”, qveynis

demokratiuli ganviTarebisa da dasavluri Rirebulebebis damkvidrebis ufro

maRal fazaSi gadasvlis deklarirebiT, am procesisTvis stimulis mimcemi da

xelisSemwyobi unda gamxdariyo. magram moxda piriqiT. Tumc, pluralizmis

Sesusteba, razec gia nodia amaxvilebs yuradRebas, telemediis magaliTze

ufro TvalSisacemia. presam (miuxedavad imisa, rom “vardebis revoluciis”

Semdeg, sxvadasxva mizeziT, drois garkveuli intervaliT, daixura iseTi

TvalsaCino gazeTebi, rogoric iyo “dilis gazeTi”, “axali epoqa”, “mTavari

gazeTi”, “xvalindeli dRe”), televiziasTan SedarebiT, mainc SeZlo garkveuli

mravalferovnebisa da sakuTari poziciis SenarCuneba.

amdenad, saanalizo periodis presa pirobiTad SeiZleba gavyoT “vardebis

revoluciamde” da “vardebis revoluciis” Semdgom periodad. Tumc, es dayofa

ar iqneba mxolod pirobiTi. Jurnalisti ia anTaZe (romlis analitikuri

publikaciebi gamorCeulia qarTul mediaSi), ayalibebs arsebiT gansxvavebas,

gamoxatuls xelisuflebis, mediasaSualebis mflobelisa da Jurnalistebis

urTierTmimarTebis SecvliT: “revoluciamde ramdenime wliT adrec da

revoluciis dReebSic mediamflobeli dainteresebuli iyo korufciaSi

Cafluli, dauZlurebuli xelisuflebis realuri saxis CvenebiT da

Jurnalistebisagan iTxovda simarTles da mxolod simarTles. maSin

Jurnalistebi, TavianT mediamflobelTan erTad, qmnidnen Sekrul gunds,

romelic Tavdauzogavad utevda xelisuflebas. Tu warmovidgenT samkuTxeds,

wveriT zeviT, xelisufleba swored am wverze iyo ganTavsebuli,

mediamflobeli da Jurnalistebi ki qveda or kuTxeSi iyvnen “gamagrebulni”

erTmaneTis gverdiT da erTiani ZaliT ebrZodnen SevardnaZes Tu mis

garemocvas.

revoluciis Semdeg samkuTxedi amoyiravda da daeSva wveriT qveviT. zeda

or kuTxeSi erTmaneTis gverdiT moxvdnen xelisufleba da mediamflobeli,

qveda wverSi ki aRmoCnda daucveli Jurnalisti, romelsac es ori didi Zala _

erT gundad gaerTianebuli xelisufleba da mediamflobeli _ gausaZlis

tvirTad daawva mxrebze.” (1, 15)

*

mocemuli periodis presis daxasiaTeba ar iqneba marTebuli misi winare

periodisagan gancalkevebiT. “80-iani wlebis bolos da 90-iani wlebis

16

dasawyisis presaSi sityvis Tavisufleba ZiriTadad politikuri movlenebis

kritikul gaSuqebaSi gamoixata da 1997-98 wlebamde aseTad darCa. Tumca,

gaCnda yviTeli presac, magram politikuri da yviTeli presa erTmaneTSi ar

areula”, _ gigi TevzaZe am mosazrebis ganviTarebisas eyrdnoba giga bokerias,

givi TargamaZisa da levan ramiSvilis naSroms _ “saqarTvelos presa 90-ian

wlebSi. nabiji Tavisuflebisaken”. (24, 21). gigi TevzaZe, rogorc samoqalaqo

seqtoris erT-erTi aqtiuri warmomadgeneli da, am SemTxvevaSi, demokratiul

inovaciaTa centris mier Catarebuli kvlevis (presaSi profesiuli

standartebisa da eTikuri normebis dacvis ZiriTadi tendenciebi) monawile da

Semajamebeli statiis avtori, aanalizebs postsabWoTa presis etapebs _

samoqalaqo sazogadoebis garemodan biznes garemoSi saxelisuflo

sivrceSi. movixmobT vrcel citatas, romelic kargad axasiaTebs 90-iani

wlebis miwurulisa da 2000-ianis damdegis qarTul presas.

“paradoqsia, rom 1990-1998 wlebSi gazeTebis tiraJi Semcirda. Tuki 80-iani

wlebis bolos yvelaze popularuli gazeTis “dronis” dRiuri tiraJi 30 aTass

aWarbebda, 98 wlisaTvis saqarTveloSi gamomavali yvela gazeTis dRiuri

tiraJi erTad 20-25 aTass Zlivs Seadgenda. am paradoqsis axsna SesaZlebelia

SemdegSi mdgomareobdes: presam daaRwia Tavi komunisturi xelisuflebis

diqtats da socialuri niSa im dros Camoyalibebis procesSi myof samoqalaqo

sazogadoebaSi ipova. es periodi (1990-1998) gamoirCeva demokratiuli presis

ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi grantebiT, treiningebiT. rogorc saqarTvelos

samoqalaqo sazogadoebam, aseve demokratiuli qveynebis mTavrobebma yvelaferi

gaakeTes imisaTvis, rom saqarTvelos beWdviTi media samoqalaqo sazogadoebis

nawili gamxdariyo. (24, 21-22)... Sedegad, 97-98 wlebSi miviReT mciretiraJiani,

magram demokratiuli politikuri presa, romelic erTmniSvnelovnad aRiarebda

demokratiul Rirebulebebs da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganuyofeli nawili

iyo... gamomdinare samoqalaqo sazogadoebis simciridan, SeuZlebelic iyo meti

tiraJis molodini gvqonoda. amitom, aqtualurad iqca beWdviTi mediis

biznesad qcevis sakiTxi. demokratiis erT-erTi mTavari gamowveva dRevandel

saqarTveloSi is aris, rom vera da ver moxerxda biznesis gamoyvana

xelisuflebis garemodan da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis nawilad qceva...

beWdviTi mediis ganviTarebaSi es procesi sagranto dabandebis SemcirebiT da

politikuri (politikosebis) kapitalis gazrdiT gamoixata... samoqalaqo

sazogadoebis garemodan biznes garemoSi moxvedrili beWdviTi media

saxelisuflebo sivrceSi aRmoCnda.” (24, 24)

17

swored beWdviTi mediis biznesad qcevis procesma gaaCina qarTul

presaSi “mravalpolaruli” gazeTebi, rac sruliadac ar niSnavs

pluralistur wonasworobas. rogorc g.TevzaZe wers, “es gamoixateboda ara

imiT, rom erT gazeTSi urTierTsawinaaRmdego filosofiis mqone statiebi

ibeWdeboda, aramed imiT, rom erTsa da imave gazeTSi sxvadasxva stilisa da

paTosis statia erTmaneTis gverdiT iyo moTavsebuli _ dawyebuli

analitikuriT, damTavrebuli sruliad “yviTeli” weris stiliT...

gansxvavebuli stili ara erTi gazeTis, aramed erTi statiis farglebSi airia.

gazeTis magivrad, sagazeTo statia gaxda mravalpolaruli da

polidiskursuli.” (24, 22-23)

Sedegad, gazeTebis mravalricxovnebis miuxedavad, ver Camoyalibda

mravalpolaruli presa; calkeuli gazeTi gaxda erTbaSad yvela saxis

mkiTxvelze gaTvlili (oRondac, stiqiurad, zogadad auditoriisa da

mkiTxvelTa kategoriis moTxovnilebaTa Seswavlis gareSe). profesionalizmis

deficitis pirobebSi, mkiTxvelTa yuradRebis mizidvas presa sensaciuri

Seferilobis publikaciebiT, skandalebiT, e.w. kuluaruli informaciebiT

cdilobda. amasTan, erTi mxriv, presaSi politikuri (politikosebis)

kapitalis dabandebam, meore mxriv, gazeTebis gayidvisa da tiraJis gazrdis

aucileblobam, maqsimalurad gazarda presis politizebis xarisxi da igi

arsebiTad xelisuflebisaTvis brZolis interess dauqvemdebara.

kulturologi lela iakobiSvili aRniSnavs, rom 2003 wlamde gacilebiT adre

“qarTuli kulturis reJimi politikur bataliebze gadaerTo”, xolo 2003-is

noembris satelevizio sanaxaobebma “sainformacio uzrunvelyofis iseTi

srulyofileba SemogvTavaza, Tavad informaciuli civilizaciis Semoqmedsac

rom SeSurdeboda.” (26, 33-39)

es Sefaseba presasac kargad esadageba, im gansxvavebiT, rom mas,

televiziasTan SedarebiT, zemoqmedebis naklebi efeqti da areali aqvs; Tumc,

saerTo jamSi, presam, televiziasTan unisonSi, Seamzada niadagi

postSevardnaZistul epoqaSi “xaverdovani” gadasvlisTvis; Semdgom ki tele da

beWduri mediis gzebi erTmaneTs sagrZnobad dascilda.

“vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg presaSi gaCnda terminebi “satelevizio

mmarTveloba”, “telexelisufleba”, rac pirdapir mianiSnebs imaze, rom axali

xelisufleba (pirvel rigSi _ prezidenti) warmatebiT iyenebs televiziis

SesaZleblobebs piarisa da propagandisTvis; meore mxriv, presa permanentulad

aprotestebs telemediis prioritetulobasa da beWduri mediis ignorirebas.

“dilis gazeTis” mTavari redaqtori, manana kartozia, bolo nomris

18

saredaqcio statiaSi, “kiTxvisunariani xelisuflebisa da yidvisunariani

mkiTxvelis” surviliTa da imediT daemSvidoba mkiTxvels. gazeT “alias”,

logos gverdiT, wamZRvarebuli aqvs prezident mixeil saakaSvilis sityvebi

“pirdapir minda giTxraT gulwrfelad, rom me qarTul gazeTebs TiTqmis ar

vkiTxulob... samwuxarod, maTi done, didi iSviaTi gamonaklisebis garda,

Zalian dabalia.” (2005 wlis dekemberi)

isic unda aRiniSnos, rom telemediisadmi xelisuflebis

“gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba”, ZiriTadad, misi Tavisuflebis arealis

maqsimalur SezRudvasa da kontrolSi gamoixateba, presas am mxriv meti

Tavisufleba aqvs, magram, mwiri materialuri resursebiT uxdeba

arsebobisaTvis brZola. “vardebis revoluciidan” sami Tvis Semdeg, presaSi

gamoqveynda gazeTebis msoflio asociaciis mimarTva prezident

saakaSvilisadmi; masSi yuradReba maxvildeba saqarTveloSi Jurnalistebze

zewolisa da Tavdasxmis faqtebze, rac mediaSi aCens SiSis sindroms da,

Sesabamisad, TviTcenzuras. asociacia delikaturad mianiSnebs saqarTvelos

prezidents Jurnalistebis profesiuli saqmianobisTvis saTanado pirobebis

Seqmnis aucileblobaze. (“jorjian Taimsi”, “xvalindeli dRe”,E26 Tebervali,

2004) amave periodSi “dilis gazeTi” aRniSnavda, rom “demokratiuli da Ria

sazogadoebis lozungiT mosuli revoluciuri xelisufleba presisTvis

TiTqmis yvela informacias blokavs.” (“dilis gazeTi”, 18.02.2004)

*

amgvarad, gamoikveTa konturebi, rogori iyo qarTuli mediis saxe

aTaswleulebis mijnaze, romelic umniSvnelovanesi etapi iyo qveynisa da,

Sesabamisad, mediis ganviTarebisTvis. zogadad am periodis qarTuli mediis da,

konkretulad, presis, Sefaseba da, Semdgom, saanalizo periodSi (2000-2005

wlebi) mis ZiriTad sazogadoebriv-politikur aspeqtebze msjeloba,

SeuZlebelia im parametrebis moSveliebis gareSe, romliTac, saerTod, mediis

Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis xarisxi fasdeba.

Tavisufleba da damoukidebloba Zalze zogadi cnebebia, magram,

arsebuli Tvalsazrisebis SejerebiT, swored esaa mediis demokratiulobis

ganmsazRvreli umTavresi faqtori. aRarafers vambobT imaze, rom am

faqtorebis arsebobas, pirvel rigSi, qveynis demokratiuli ganviTarebis done

da mediis funqcionirebisTvis arsebuli garemo-pirobebi ganapirobebs.

mediis Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis parametrebze msjeloba,

upirvelesad, informaciuli sferos maregulirebel normatiul aqtebze

(saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi, konvenciebi, oqmebi, konkretuli qveynis

19

kanonmdebloba...) dayrdnobiT viTardeba. informaciuli samarTali urTules

sferod iTvleba yvela demokratiul qveyanaSi; mediis mkvlevarebi da

profesionali praqtikosebi, umeteswilad, miiCneven, rom normatiuli aqtebi

gansazRvravs mediis Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis uflebas, magram

realobaSi, araTu konkretuli qveynis, aramed konkretuli mediasaSualebis

SemTxvevaSic ki, uaRresad rTulia dadgena, ras gulisxmobs Tavisufleba da

damoukidebloba da rogor SeiZleba misi miRweva.

gazeTebis msoflio asociaciis kvlevisa da informaciis marTvis

ganyofilebis direqtori tatiana repkova, romlis gamocdileba moicavs yofil

socialistur evropaSi cxovrebasa da Jurnalistad/redaqtorad muSaobasac da

Tanamedrove mediis Teoriisa da praqtikis codnasac, erTmaneTs uxamebs mediis

Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis romantikul/idealistur gansazRvrebebsa

da pragmatul realobas. saqarTvelos mediasTan mimarTebaSi gansakuTrebiT

sayuradReboa gardamavali demokratiis viTareba: “ganviTarebad demokratiul

qveynebSi damoukidebeli mediis Seqmnis pirveli etapi aucileblad

gulisxmobs samTavrobo sakuTrebisgan, kontrolisa da Carevisgan

gaTavisuflebas. sityva “damoukidebeli” ar gaxlavT absoluturad TviTkmari

da am SemTxvevaSi arcTu zustad esadageba Tavis pirvelad semanistikur

gansazRvrebas. ganviTarebad demokratiul qveynebSi presasTan mimarTebaSi es

sityva, Cveulebriv, niSnavs samTavrobo kontrolisagan damoukidebels. magram

es ganmarteba metismetad viwroa.

imis gamo, rom ganviTarebad demokratiul qveynebSi Jurnalistebs

damoukideblobis sakmaod mwiri, an zogjer aranairi gamocdileba ar gaaCniaT,

maT xSirad hgoniaT, rom xelisuflebis kontrolisgan Tavis daRweva,

yvelanairi kontrolisgan Tavisuflebas niSnavs; rom maT aravin akontrolebs,

maT Soris, arc gazeTis mmarTvelebi. samwuxarod, damoukideblobis maTeuli

gansazRvreba ararealisturi da gauazrebelia da, sabolood,

JurnalistebisTvisve kargi araferi moaqvs. dRevandel rTul samyaroSi

damoukidebloba sruli verafriT iqneba.” (62, 9-10)

mediis Tavisuflebis cneba saqarTveloSic sakmaod didxans iyo

asocirebuli “yvelafrisgan TavisuflebasTan”. iqmneboda STabeWdileba, rom

Jurnalistebs yvelanairi informaciis mopovebisa da gavrcelebis SeuzRudavi

ufleba aqvT. mediasaSualebebis mflobelebi da Jurnalistebi mtkivneulad

ganicdidnen normatiuli aqtebis miRebas, romlebic aregulirebs informaciis

sajaroobas/saidumloobas, sajaro informaciis xelmisawvdomobas,

informaciasTan daSvebis uflebas da a.S. “saqarTvelos zogadma

20

administraciulma kodeqsma” (miRebulia 1999 wlis 25 ivniss) sakanonmdeblo

doneze mniSvnelovnad moawesriga sajaro informaciasTan urTierToba, magram

unda iTqvas, rom, meore mxriv, mediis warmomadgenlebi xSirad uCiodnen,

samarTlianad Tu usamarTlod, xelisSemSlel biurokratiul barierebs.

cnobil inglisur arasamTavrobo organizaciaSi, “artikl 19”-Si

gaerTianebulma iuristebma Seqmnes da 1993 wels gamosces unikaluri naSromi,

romelSic gadmocemuli da gaanalizebulia masmediis samarTlebrivi

regulirebisa da TviTregulirebis sferoSi 11 demokratiuli qveynis

gamocdileba (avstria, avstralia, didi britaneTi, germania, espaneTi, kanada,

niderlandebi, norvegia, aSS, safrangeTi, Svecia); naSromSi, SedarebiTi

analizis meTodiT, gadmocemulia ara mxolod arsebuli normebi, aramed maTi

gamoyenebis praqtika, problemebisa da winaaRmdegobebis CaTvliT. am

gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mravalgvarobisa da

gansxvavebebis miuxedavad, arsebobs ramdenime ZiriTadi piroba, romelic

saerToa demokratiuli qveynebisTvis presis Tavisuflebisa da

damoukideblobis uzrunvelsayofad: registraciis liberaluri pirobebi

(gazeTis an Jurnalis daarsebisTvis araa saWiro mTavrobis nebarTva),

informaciis sajarooba da xelmisawvdomoba, wyaros konfidencialoba da a.S.

yvelaze mTavari da CvenTvis sayuradRebo, rac am naSromSi ikveTebaa, isaa, rom

presis pasuxismgeblobis ganviTarebis kvalobaze, presasTan dakavSirebuli

konfliqtebi samarTlebrivi sferodan TviTregulirebis sferoSi inacvlebs,

rac presis damoukideblobasTan erTad, misi avtoritetisa da prestiJis

amaRlebasac uwyobs xels. (35)

kanonmdeblobis doneze, rogorc specialistebi aRniSnaven, saqarTveloSi

presis Tavisufleba da damoukidebloba sakmarisad uzrunvelyofilia (Tumc,

telemediis SemTxvevaSi, xelisufleba axerxebs situaciis marTvas samauwyeblo

licenziebiTa da sakontrolo paketebiT). 2004 wlis 24 ivniss, saqarTvelos

parlamentis mier miRebulma kanonma “sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis

Sesaxeb”, istoriis kuTvnilebad aqcia “vardebis revolucamde” arsebuli

sasamarTlo praqtika, rodesac mediasaSualebebs SefasebiTi msjelobisa da

mamxilebeli faqtebis sajarod gacxadebisaTvis solidur jarimebs

akisrebdnen. saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparatis mTavari specialisti,

giorgi gociriZe wers, rom “saqarTvelo SeuerTda im qveyanaTa ricxvs, sadac

ciliswamebam dekriminalizacia ganicada, anu amgvari qmedebisTvis gauqmda

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba da igi mTlianad samoqalaqo

kanonmdeblobis regulirebis sferoSi moeqca.” (14, 28)

21

ara mxolod saqarTvelos, aramed ganviTarebuli demokratiebis praqtika

aCvenebs, rom liberaluri kanonmdebloba sakmarisi ar aris presis

Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisaTvis. tatiana repkova aRniSnavs, rom

“Tavisufali da damoukidebeli masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis arseboba

SesaZlebelia mxolod sxva demokratiuli tradiciebis arsebobasTan erTad.”

(62, 19) amasTan, igi miiCnevs, rom profesionalizmis dacva gacilebiT did

Zalisxmevas moiTxovs, vidre damoukideblobisa: “msoflioSi miRebul mraval

Jurnalisturi qcevis kodeqssa da sakuTar _ reportioris da redaqtoris _

gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT, xuTi sityviT SemiZlia ganvsazRvro, rogori unda

iyos profesionali Jurnalistika: faqtobrivi, patiosani, miumxrobeli,

yovlismomcveli da Tanmimdevruli.” (62, 26)

Tavisufali da damoukidebeli mediis ganviTarebisTvis samarTlebriv

garemoze aranaklebi mniSvneloba aqvs biznes-garemos; marTalia, media

specifiuri biznesia (ufro sworad, igi ar aris mxolod biznesi), magram mis

funqcionirebas arsebiTad gansazRvravs sabazro kanonebi.

“mTlianobaSi media SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc warmoeba,

sazogadoebrivi samsaxuri da, agreTve, politikuri instituti... dRes medias

arcerTi zemoxsenebuli maxasiaTeblis ignorireba ar SeuZlia. Sedegi aris

fundamenturi konfliqti mewarmeobis Tavisuflebasa da sityvis Tavisuflebas

Soris... am dilemis daZleva ioli ar aris... mediis mizani ver iqneba mxolod

fulis keTeba, iseve rogorc mxolod Tavisufleba: Tavisufleba aucilebelia,

magram ar aris sakmarisi. mediis amocanaa kargad emsaxuros yvela moqalaqes”,

(11, 9-10) _ frangi mkvlevaris klod-Jan bertranis mier Camoyalibebul am

formulaSi, faqtobrivad, mocemulia “samsaxovani” mediis mTavari dilema _

misi sityvis Tavisuflebis “amplituda” biznesis Tavisuflebis

“amplitudiTac” isazRvreba da, orive erTad _ demokratiisa da sabazro

ekonomikis ganviTarebis xarisxiT. demokratiul saxelmwifoSi, sadac

xelisufleba xalxis mier arCeuli da daqiravebuli msaxuria, bunebrivia,

mediasac meti SesaZlebloba aqvs Tavisi mTavari amocanis _ moqalaqeebisa da

sazogadoebis msaxurebis _ gansaxorcieleblad.

saqarTveloSi, rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, biznesi ar aris

distancirebuli xelisuflebisgan; presis biznesad qcevis amocana imiTac

rTuldeba, rom isedac mwiri sareklamo bazari TiTqmis mTlianad

eleqtronul mediazea orientirebuli. 2003 wlisTvis sareklamo bazari

uzrunvelyofda mediis Semosavals weliwadSi daaxloebiT 5 mln aSS dolaris

odenobiT, saidanac presis wili daaxloebiT 20% iyo. (52, 65)

22

rogorc marina musxeliSvili aRniSnavs saqarTveloSi demokratiis

ganviTarebis Semajamebel kvlevaSi, saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi didia

Crdilovani seqtoris wili; mediac umeteswilad Crdilovan seqtorSi

funqcionirebs; JurnalistTa xelfasebi metad dabalia, ris gamoc maRali

kvalifikaciis kadrebi sxva sferoebSi inacvleben; amasTan, “iqmneba

mojadoebuli wre, rodesac sawyisi Tanxis ararseboba ar iZleva biznesis

ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas, xolo sawyisi investiciis miReba ukavSirdeba

garkveuli politikuri valdebulebebis aRebas, rac, saboloo jamSi,

produqciis xarisxis daqveiTebas iwvevs.” (52, 65-66) SesaZloa, swored

profesiuli presis ararsebobiT (da ara imdenad mosaxleobis ekonomikuri

siduxWiriT) aixsnas presis dabali tiraJebi, rasac sociologiuri

gamokvlevebic adasturebs.

biznesgaremos mouwesrigebloba da materialuri problemebi presas

xSirad aiZulebs mimarTos e.w. farul reklamas, SekveTil statiebs;

mkiTxvelis yuradRebis misaqcevad informaciaSi faqtebze metad figurirebs

“sensaciur-skandaluri” Seferilobis komentarebi; profesiuli da eTikuri

standartebis darRveva Cveulebrivi movlenaa beWduri gamocemebis

umetesobisTvis. yovelive es saredaqcio damoukideblobazec uaryofiTad

aisaxeba da, rac mTavaria, am viTarebaSi presa araTu emsaxureba moqalaqes,

aramed arRvevs misi, rogorc mediamomxmareblis uflebas _ miiRos sando da

“ekologiurad usafrTxo” produqcia.

*

cnobili germaneli sociologi niklas lumani Tavis wignSi “masmediis

realoba” aRniSnavs, rom masmedia “mosazrebebs movlenebze ganixilavs da

aSuqebs, rogorc sakuTriv movlenas” (45, 167); dauzustebel, an mcdar faqtebs

masmedia avrcelebs rogorc namdvil cnobebs, romlebic mudmivad unda

ganaxldes, raTa siyalbe SeumCneveli darCes. axali ambebis saxiT gadmocemuli

informacia ki eWvmiutanel WeSmaritebad iTvleba. lumani CamoTvlis

kriteriumebs, romelsac iyeneben informaciis axal ambad/niusad qcevisTvis:

informacia axali unda iyos; upiratesoba eniWeba konfliqtebs; uaRresad

mniSvnelovania normebis darRveva, romelic masmediis interperetaciiT xSirad

skandalis saxes iRebs da a.S.

qarTuli masmediis interpretaciul xasiaTze yuradRebas amaxvilebs

sociologi iago kaWkaWiSvili; igi ambobs, rom sainformacio gadacemebis

erTmaneTTan Sedareba postmodernuli paradigmis legitimurobaSi arwmunebs _

“ar arsebobs realoba TavisTavad. igi iseTia, rogoradac misi interpretacia

23

xdeba. xolo ramdenadac interpretacia bevria, realobac sxvadasxvanairia...

sinamdvile gawovilia interpretaciaSi.” (31) magram raxan sociologia emyareba

daSvebas rom obieqturi realoba (Tundac empiriuli, anu dro-sivrculi)

arsebobs, iago kaWkaWiSvili msjelobas ase aviTarebas: “e.i. SesaZlebelia

visaubroT realobis adekvatur da araadekvatur interpretaciaze.”

Tundac, erTi mxriv, gazeT “saqarTvelos respublikisa” da, meore mxriv,

danarCeni gazeTebis (“alia”, “axali versia”, “rezonansi”, “axali Taoba”,

“jorjian Tamsi” da sxv.) zedapiruli Sedarebac ki adasturebs am

Tvalsazriss. 2000-2003 wlebSi “saqarTvelos respublikiT” Seqmnili suraTi

ise diametralurad gansxvavdeba sxva gazeTebisagan, rom Znelia daijero rom

es erTi da igive qveynis realobis asaxvaa. “saqarTvelos respublikis”

mediasuraTi, sabWouri inerciiT, stabilurobisa da uZraobis ganwyobas

gviqmnis, daaxloebiT aseTi sqemiT _ “yvelaferi rigzea!”, mTavaria “bunti ar

iyos”; danarCeni gazeTebis mediasuraTi, siWrelis miuxedavad, mudmivi

destabilizaciisa da nihilizmis ganwyobas amZafrebs. xolo imis dadgena,

romeli mediasaSualebis interpretaciaa realobis adekvaturi, an

araadekvaturi, praqtikulad SeuZlebelia.

aseTive mimarTeba iyo am periodSi telekompania “pirveli arxisa” da t/k

“rusTavi 2”-is mier Seqmnil “interpretaciul realobebs” Soris. am ori

mediasaSualebis Sedareba sxva ramiTacaa sagulisxmo. disertaciis I nawilSi

movixmeT makluenis cnobili formula _ “mediumi aris mesiji”. “rusTavi 2” _

anu mediumi/saSualeba, erTis mxriv, Tavisi komunikaciuri SesaZleblobebiT

(vgulisxmobT sixSires, dafinansebas, materialur-teqnikur bazas, kadrebs...) ar

aRemateboda “pirvel arxs” (mediums/saSualebas), magram “rusTavi 2”, rogorc

mediasaSualeba, TavisTavad iyo garkveuli mesiji, erTgvari kodi, romelic

ara mxolod mimdinare procesebsa da sazogadoebis ganwyobaze axdenda

zegavlenas, aramed, sxva mediasaSualebebzec.

aqve mokled SevexebiT saerTod “rusTavi 2”-is gansakuTrebul da,

SeiZleba iTqvas, eqskluziur rols. jer kidev 2000 wels, mediis analizi

warmoaCenda amgvar sqemas: sazogadoebrivi azris aqcentirebis funqcias

asrulebda “rusTavi 2”. sainformacio programis _ “kurieri 9 saaTze” anonsi,

zedmiwevniT gaTvlili, politikurad da emociurad damuxtuli, tons aZlevda

sainformacio amindis Semqmnel sxva mediasaSualebebs (pirvel rigSi,

“rezonanssa” da “alias”); “Ramis kurieri” (11 saaTze), pluralizmis dacvis

efeqtiT, ostaturad aviTarebda mTavar aqcentebs. saTanado ganwyobis

24

Sesaqmnel fons qmnida ara mxolod dRis sainformacio gamoSvebebi, aramed,

sxva gadacemebic da arxis strategiuli dizainic.

filosofosi zaza firaliSvili, romelic dawvrilebiT exeba mediis

rols 2003 wlis movlenebSi, Rrmad aanalizebs qarTul politikur sivrceSi

“axali politikuri aqtoris niSis” (romelic swored “rusTavi 2”-ma daikava)

gaCenis winapirobebs: gardamavali xanis sazogadoebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia

“swrafad cvalebadi situaciiTa da rTuli socialuri mdgomareobiT

gamowveuli informaciuli SimSilis gancda, rac rigiT adamians totalurad

damokidebuls xdis eleqtronuli mediis funqcionirebaze... am dros Zlieria

cduneba imisa, rom moxdes eleqtronuli mediis rolis hiperbolizeba,

rogorc sazogadoebriv ganwyobilebaTa marTvis instrumentisa... sazogadoeba

mTlianad damokidebuli xdeba ara mxolod mediis mier miwodebul

informaciaze, aramed, am informaciis interpretaciazec.” (71, 172)

zaza firaliSvili kargad xsnis, rogor iqca “rusTavi 2” ara mxolod

umniSvnelovanes mediaaqtorad, aramed politikur aqtoradac: arxis mesveurebi

flobdnen sainformacio omis strategiaTa codnas; “agresiuli toniT, niSanTa

sistemis profesionaluri gamoyenebiT, JurnalistikisaTvis aucilebeli

avantiurizmiT maT TandaTan miaRwies sazogadoebrivi azris ukonkurento

kreatorTa mdgomareobas.” (71, 174-175)

aq, da disertaciis sxva monakveTebSic,U“rusTavi 2”-is figurireba

ganpirobebulia bolo wlebis qarTul mediasa da sazogadoebriv-politikur

cxovrebaze misi udavod didi gavleniT. amasTan, qarTuli masmediis

ganviTarebaze msjelobisas (gansakuTrebiT, “vardebis revoluciis” konteqstSi)

ucxoeli Tu qarTveli eqspertebis aTvlis wertili televiziaa, ufro zustad,

“rusTavi 2”. garda amisa, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, qarTuli presis aqcentebi

an pirdapir ukavSirdeboda, an didwilad iyo ganpirobebuli swored am

telearxis mesijebiT. zaza firaliSvili aRniSnavs, rom “rusTavi 2”-is mier

SemuSavebuli gzavnilebi, romlebic sainformacio gamoSvebebis anonsebSi

xmiandeboda, meore dRes TiTqmis ucvleli saxiT gadadioda gazeTebSi. ufro

metic, “rusTavi 2” qmnida movlenaTa im RirebulebiT ierarqiasac, romelsac

Semdeg ara mxolod beWdviTi saSualebebi, aramed eleqtronuli mediis sxva

aqtorebic imeorebdnen.” (71, 174)

2003 wlis mediatendenciebis Semajamebel statiaSi, “Tavisuflebis

institutis” warmomadgenels, Tamar kinwuraSvils “rusTavi 2”-is roli

samoqalaqo Jurnalistikis rangSi ayavs: “is, rac dasavleTSi ramdenime

weliwadia samoqalaqo Jurnalistikis saxeliT ikidebs fexs, saqarTveloSi

25

gasuli wlis Jurnalistur novaciad iqca... Tu amerikaSi samoqalaqo

Jurnalistikis ganviTarebis procesSi garkveuli katalizatoris roli 11

seqtembris tragediamac Seasrula, saqarTveloSi analogiuri datvirTva 2003

wlis 2 noembris saparlamento arCevnebs hqonda”, _ wers kinwuraSvili da,

faqtobrivad, ayalibebs im kriteriums, romlis wyalobiTac “rusTavi 2”

“gamarjvebuli xalxis televiziad” iqca: “im viTarebaSi, roca poziciis arqona

demokratiuli faseulobebis Ralatis tolfasi iyo, JurnalistTa erTma

nawilma daarRvia qarTul mediaSi damkvidrebuli stereotipi, TiTqos

obieqturoba JurnalistikaSi imis sapirispiro mtkicebaa, risi ganzraxvac

politikosebs amoZravebT”; Tumc, iqve dasZens, rom “postrevoluciur periodSi

misi martooden “gamarjvebulTa” televiziad gadaqcevis saSiSroeba gaCnda.”

amasTan, Tamar kinwuraSvili aRniSnavs, rom “sxva revoluciuri Zvrebi”

qarTul mediaSi ar SeiniSneba; presasTan mimarTebaSi ki Zunwi komentariT

Semoifargleba imis Taobaze, rom zogierTi gamocema mkiTxvelze metad

politikosTa viwro jgufzea orientirebuli. (32, 138)

aqedan gamomdinare, alogikurad aRar Cans erTi wlis Semdeg Jurnal

“Tavisuflebis” publikaciaSi saqarTvelos samoqalaqo seqtoris

warmomadgenelTa mosazreba, rom saqarTveloSic unda daiwyos samoqalaqo

Jurnalistikis eqsperimenti. anu, “samoqalaqo Jurnalistikis novaciam”

ganviTareba veRar hpova araTu qarTul mediaSi, aramed Tavad “rusTavi 2”-is

Semdgom praqtikaSi. publikaciis avtori merab basilaia aRniSnavs:

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo seqtoris warmomadgenlebi (romlebic basilaias

azriT, arcTu ise mravalricxovanni arian) iziareben dasavlel mkvlevarTa

mosazrebas, rom samoqalaqo Jurnalistika xalxisa da mediis urTierTobis

Tvisobrivad axali etapia da Tvlian, rom “saqarTveloSic unda daiwyos

samoqalaqo Jurnalistikis eqsperimenti. am eqsperimentis arsi saTqmelad

martivia: Jurnalisti sazogadoebaze unda iyos orientirebuli. sazogadoeba

gacilebiT mets unda niSnavdes, vidre sainformacio bazari. Jurnalistma

moqalaqeSi unda dainaxos ara informaciis momxmarebeli, aramed, imave

sazogadoebis wevri, romelsac Jurnalisti Tavad ekuTvnis. profesiul

miukerZoeblobas amofareba da sakuTari poziciis argamJRavneba, arcTu

iSviaTad Tavis motyueba da farisevlobaa.” (6, .20)

“vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg, saqarTvelos arasamTavrobo

organizaciaTa TvalsaCino warmomadgenloba, amerikis saerTaSoriso

ganviTarebis saagentos (USAID) iniciativiT, bakurianSi Seikriba qarTuli

saxelmwifos, sazogadoebisa da mesame seqtoris mdgomareobasa da momavalze

26

samsjelod. maT mier qarTuli mediis SefasebebSi xsendeba “cenzura”, “mediis

SezRudva”, “dasusteba” da a.S. “gamarjvebuli xalxis televiziaze” ki

naTqvamia: “rusTavi 2” dums imitom, rom iq aris uamravi angarebiani garigeba.”

(50, 36)

marTlac, axali xelisuflebis mimarT media uCveulod Semwynarebluri

gaxda, magram es ZiriTadad mainc televizias exeba. “vardebis revoluciis”

Semdeg, rogorc aRvniSneT, televiziisa da presis gzebi sagrZnoblad

daSoriSorda: televiziis sabrZolo paTosi dacxra da wina planze sanaxaobam

gadmoiwia, presam ki SeZlebisdagvarad SeinarCuna mimdinare movlenebis

Sefasebisa da analizis funqcia. saerTod ki, postrevoluciur periodSi

safuZvlianad Seerya safuZveli mediazeobas, anu mediis yovlisSemZleobis

imijs.

“vardebis revoluciidan” zustad rva Tvis Semdeg gazeT “rezonansSi”

gamoqveynda publikacia saTauriT “mediis reqviemi postrevoluciur

saqarTveloSi”. saTaurSi ukve gacxadebulia mTavari saTqmeli, romelsac

kulturologi lela iakobiSvili ase ayalibebs: “Cvens sainformacio sivrceSi

sruli dabneulobaa; TiTqosda cocxali media, romelmac icoda, rogor

“gaeCina” sazogadoebriv organizmSi axali, “sxva” (anu sakuTari Tavis

sxvagvari versia), dRes, vfiqrob, rom paralizebulia. sruli STabeWdileba iyo

imisa, rom qarTul sazogadoebriv organizmSi ori sfero _ politika da

Jurnalistika mainc inarCunebda cocxal muxts. xSirad infantilurad, ufro _

isteriulad, magram mainc inarCunebda. am or sferos erTmaneTis mimarT hqonda

interesi da danarCeni aRaraferi ainteresebdaT _ sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis

arc erTi sxva aspeqti. es iyo erTmaneTze orientirebuli Zalauflebis ori

sivrce, romlebic erTmaneTs asazrdovebdnen... dRes media-sivrce gamoeTiSa

sazogadoebriv organizms da politikis imedze datova qveyana, TiTon ki mis

usicocxlo iaraRad iqca.” (85)

es, erTi SexedviT mkveTri Sefaseba, zedmiwevniT gamoxatavs qarTuli

sazogadoebrivi cxovrebisa da qarTuli mediis mTavar maxasiaTebels _

politikis primats; politizebis tendencia telemediisa da presis saerTo

maxasiaTebelia, Tumc, presisagan gansxvavebiT, postrevoluciur periodSi am

TvalsazrisiT televizia ufro inertuli gaxda. lela iakobiSvilis Sefasebac

albaT, pirvel rigSi, swored telemedias exeba, magram verc presam SeinarCuna

“revoluciamdeli” dinamizmi, simZafre da aqtualoba.

am SefasebaSi kidev erTi arsebiTi tendenciaa Camoyalibebuli _

sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis danarCeni aspeqtebis ignorireba mediis mier, garda

27

politikuri bataliebisa. Tu ufro davazustebT, es gulisxmobs ara

politikur debatebs, jansaRi politikuri konkurenciis, politikuri speqtris

farTod warmoCenas, aramed, saxelisuflo brZolebis qcevas centralur

Temad, da ara mxolod arCevnebis winare da momdevno periodebSi, roca, es

mimarTuleba mediaSi TavisTavad iwevs wina planze.

“presa sazogadoebasa da xelisuflebas Soris arsebul gamyof xazs

zemoT, xelisuflebis siaxloves imyofeba”, _ acxadebda Jurnalisti ia anTaZe

2000 wels, “dilis gazeTTan” interviuSi (es gazeTi did yuradRebas uTmobda

qarTuli mediis av-kargze msjelobas da demokratiuli gamocdilebis

gaziarebas), _ “rodesac xelisuflebis erTi Sto, nawili an jgufi

dapirispirebulia meoresTan, is presis segmentidan sakuTar samegobro wres

kargad iyenebs am jgufTan dasajaxeblad. swored es iwvevs presis

diskreditacias... samwuxarod, Cveulebrivi adamianebi aravis ainteresebs.

daxedeT nebismieri gazeTis pirvel gverds da Tu Tqven ipoviT rigiTi

adamianis suraTs, maSin ukan mimaqvs Cemi sityvebi.” (113)

saqarTveloSi demokratiis ganviTarebis Semajamebel saeqsperto

kvlevaSi, statia “masmediis” avtori marina musxeliSvili askvnis, rom presa,

rogorc samomxmareblo produqti, “TiTqmis mTlianad politikazea mimarTuli

da TiTqmis ar asaxavs mkiTxvelis problemebs... es midgoma, erTi mxriv, asaxavs

arsebuli politikuri sivrcis mkveTrad elitistur xasiaTs, meore mxriv,

kidev ufro amZafrebs mosaxleobisa da politikuri klasis gaucxoebas,

zRudavs sazogadoebis unars, gaiazros mis winaSe mdgari gamowvevebi.” (52, 67)

unda SevniSnoT, rom presis orientireba politikaze ar gulisxmobs imas,

rom Tundac am sferos igi yovlismomcvelad da mravalmxrivad aSuqebs;

rogorc aRvniSneT, umeteswilad presa gamoxatavs ara Tundac xelisuflebis

interess, aramed xelisuflebisaTvis brZolis interess. amaze mianiSnebs ia

anTaZis aqcentic presis angaJirebulobaze. amasTan, es citata Seicavs igive

diskurss, rogorsac lela iakobiSvilis interviu _ sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis

arcerTi sxva aspeqti, saxelisuflo dapirispirebebis garda. sabednierod, es

Sefaseba yvelaze naklebad ekuTvnis “dilis gazeTisnair” gamocemas, romlis

yuradRebis arealSi sazogadoebis cxovrebis TiTqmis yvela aspeqti xvdeboda

da arc mxolod politikosebi iyvnen misi “mTavari gmirebi”. ZiriTadad ki,

qarTuli presa, sazogadoebrivi azris gamoxatvisa da sazogadoebrivi

interesis sadarajoze dgomis nacvlad, ufro warmatebiT manipulirebs

sazogadoebrivi azriT. es ki, ama Tu im formiT, mainc axdens gavlenas

sazogadoebrivi azris, oRond _ deformirebulis _ formirebaze. “presis

28

saSualebiT bevri destruqciuli idea mkvidrdeba. am procesSi Jurnalistebi

uSualod arian CarTulni. ver vityvi, rom gauTviTcnobiereblad”, _ aRniSnavs

Jurnalisti ia anTaZe zemoxsenebul interviuSi. (113) ra roli miuZRoda presas

ara mxolod destruqciuli ideebis damkvidrebaSi, aramed, destabilizaciuri

procesebis inicirebaSi, am Temas sagangebod SevexebiT disertaciis erT-erT

momdevno nakveTSi.

zemoT yuradReba gavamaxvileT presis politizebis tendenciaze, am

nakveTis dasawyisSi ki _ analitikuri da “yviTeli” stilis urTierTaRrevaze.

politizebisken midrekileba e.w. bulvarul presaSic SeimCneva, iseve rogorc

TvalSisacemia sazogadoebriv-politikur gamocemebad miCneuli Jurnal-

gazeTebis “siyviTle” _ iaffasiani “sensaciebiTa” da “skandaluri ambebiT”

gataceba da, rac mTavaria, dawerili Tu “dauwereli” kanonebisa da

sazogadoebrivi normebis ugulebelyofa, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT Jurnalisturi

eTikis normebze.

moviSveliebT mweral naira gelaSvilis Sefasebas: “... Tu dasavleTSi

bulvarul presas sruliad garkveuli socialuri fena etaneba, kerZod:

kulturul-inteleqtualur samyaros sruliad mowyvetili nawili

sazogadoebisa, CvenTan am mxriv araviTari “fenovaneba” ar SeiniSneba”. Cveni

sazogadoeba nakleb wunia da gulzizRiania, rogorc danagvianebuli ezo-

quCebis, ise danagvianebuli masmediis mimarT: mdare gazeTebs “inteligencia”

iseve isrutavs, rogorc orklasdamTavrebuli an daumTavrebeli xalxi”. (112)

Jurnalisturi eTikis normebis dacva qarTul presaSi scildeba Cveni

sakvlevi Temis farglebs, magram aq sailustraciod movixmobT erT

publikacias, romelic ara mxolod eTikis darRvevis, aramed “siyviTlis”

saukeTeso nimuSia. miT ufro, rom igi gamoqveynebulia maSindel

sazogadoebriv-politikur gamocemebs Soris “pirvel violinod” miCneul

gazeTSi. “rezonansis” 2000 wlis 8 ivlisis nomerSi, meore gverdze,

ganTavsebulia publikacia saTauriT _ “Cemi prezidenti Cemi mucelia”,

qvesaTauriT _ “SevardnaZes tualetSi qaRaldis magier 50-dolarianebi ukidia

da kuWaSlilobis periodSi xmarobs”. publikacias wamZRvarebuli aqvs Savi

petitiT awyobili lidi: “Tbiliseli “gaiSnikebi” prezident SevardnaZis

tualetSi dakidebul 50 dolarianebze ocneboben”. Semdgom es “niusi” ufro

saguldagulodaa ganviTarebuli: “imas, Cvens damaqcevars, baton eduard

SevardnaZes, ra uWirs, tualetSi albaT qaRaldis magier 50-dolarianebi

ukidia da kuWaSlilobis periodSi xmarobs. gadmomigdos batono is

29

gaimasqnebuli fuli da geficebiT, arc mZRols wavarTmev rames da arc quCaSi

davxvdebi vinmes”. (97)

es nimuSi sagangebod movixmeT ara mxolod eTikis darRvevisa da

“siyviTlis” gamo. mTeli es publikacia, miuxedavad imisa, rom igi axali

ambebisTvis gankuTvnil “teritoriazea” ganTavsebuli, ra Tqma unda, araviTar

ambavs ar Seicavs, miT ufro _ faqts. da amgvari xasiaTis masalebi (oRondac,

ara yovelTvis am zomamde wregadasuli) iSviaTi gamonaklisi ar iyo

imdroindeli “rezonansisTvis”. am garemoebaze imitomac vamaxvilebT

yuradRebas, rom Semdeg qveTavebSi xSirad davimowmebT am reitingul gazeTs

da vnaxavT, rogori transformacia ganicada man solidurobis mimarTulebiT.

30

Tavi II

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo presis prizmaSi

saxelmwifos imiji

axali aTaswleulis damdegs qarTuli masmediis flagmanebSi saqarTvelo

figurirebs, rogorc “arSemdgari qveyana”, “saSiSi qveyana”, “viTom qveyana”,

qveyana, romelic “gasulia momsaxureobis zonidan”; “saxelmwifo” ki

“arSemdgaris” konteqstSic iSviaTad xsendeba.

ver vityviT, rom amaSi brali masmediasa da Jurnalistebs miuZRvodaT. es

iyo kanonzomieri Sedegi _ warmatebuli sainformacio omebis Sedegad

daSlili ssrk-is Semadgenlobidan gamoTavisuflebuli postsabWoTaAqveyana da

ideologiuri diqtatisa da cenzurisagan axalgamoxsnili masmedia mzad ar

iyo Tanamedrove sainformacio sivrcis zemoqmedebaze adekvaturi

reagirebisaTvis.

saqarTvelos mier damoukideblobis deklarireba, 90-iani wlebis presaSi,

xSirad moixsenieboda, rogorc saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgena. magram

istoriuli saxelmwifoebriobisagan xangrZlivi droismieri distancirebis

gamo es cneba realobas ar Seesabameboda. 1994 wels akaki baqraZe werda, rom

qarTveli xalxi “sruliad moumzadebeli aRmoCnda damoukidebeli da

Tavisufali cxovrebisaTvis”, radganac “Cven damoukidebloba ori saukunis

winaT ki ar davkargeT..., aramed bevrad ufro adre... saqarTvelo koloniur

mdgomareobaSi sul cota 1555 wlidan mainc imyofeba.” akaki baqraZe

gvafrTxilebda, rom damoukidebeli da Tavisufali qveynis aSenebas

xangrZlivi da sistematuri momzadeba sWirdeba, upirvelesad ki _ “eris

sulier samyaroSi sakuTari Tavisadmi rwmenis aRzrda”, “sakuTari

saxelmwifoebrivi energiis” rwmena. (7, 391)

marTlac, saxelmwifoebrivi Camoyalibebis Tanmdevma kataklizmebma am

procesisTvis moumzadebeli qveynis sazogadoeba sakuTar SesaZleblobebSi

daaeWva, masmediis fsiqologiurma zemoqmedebam ki, Tavis mxriv, saamisod

saTanado foni Seqmna. Cveni azriT, bevr sxva faqtorTan erTad, es ganapiroba

yvelaze arsebiTma “warsulis gadmonaSTmac” _ sabWoTa ideologiis inerciam _

rom yofiereba aris bazisi, cnobiereba ki _ zednaSeni; am logikiT,

saxelmwifo cnobiereba SesaZloa Camoyalibdes saxelmwifos

institucionaluri, ekonomikuri da a.S. gaZlierebis kvalobaze. bunebrivia, rom

saxelmwifos siZliere saxelmwifoebriv azrovnebasac myar safuZvels uqmnis;

31

magram, meores mxriv, uimedobiT, nihilizmiTa da arasrulfasovnebis

kompleqsiT Sepyrobili xalxi saxelmwifos ver Camoayalibebs. mediis rusi

mkvlevari sergei korkonosenko wers, rom axali “mecnierebaTa mecnierebis” _

informaciologiis SemqmnelTa TvalsazrisiT, “ara imdenad yofa gansazRvravs

cnobierebas, ramdenadac cnobiereba, informaciis formiT, gansazRvravs

samyaros.” (33, 74)

XX saukunis 80-90-iani wlebis qarTuli presis erT-erTi aqtualuri Tema

_ diskusia erovnuli ideologiis Taobaze, axali aTaswleulis presaSic iCens

Tavs, oRondac amjerad ukve marginalizebuli. anu, TandaTan cneba

“erovnulobam” presaSi devalvacia ganicada.

“albaT istoriul ideaTa da istoriul strategiaTa uwyvetobaa is Zala,

romelic ama Tu im sazogadoebas istoriis subieqtad hkravs da

funqcionaluradac miuCens adgils... Tu Tvals gadavavlebT Cveni

sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis bolo oci wlis istorias, Zneli araa davrwmundeT,

istoriul ideaTa rogori deficitis pirobebSi gviwevs arsebobac da qarTuli

saxelmwifoebriobis Senebac. es Zireuli saqme TiTqos raRac istoriuli

momentidan viRac sxvas gadavabareT da fundamentur ideaTa mxolod

importirebasRa vjerdebiT,” _ aRniSnavs filosofosi zaza firaliSvili. (71,

101-105) marTlac, iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom qarTuli mediis flagmanebi,

gansakuTrebiT 2000-2001 wlebis periodSi, erTgvarad niadags amzadeben

“importirebul ideaTa” aRqmisTvis. magaliTad, gazeTebis “rezonansisa” da

“alias” publikaciebSi cnebebi _ “saxelmwifo”, “erovnuli” Segnebuladaa

ignorirebuli da Tu gamokrTeba aqa-iq, isic usaTuod uaryofiT konteqstSi.

saqarTvelo ganixileba qveynad, romelsac, TiTqosda, xelsayreli

geopolitikuri mdebareobis garda, arc ukan _ warsulSi, arc win _ momavalSi

da, miT ufro, awmyoSi, saimedo, xelCasaWidi da saxelmwifoebriobis

ganmsazRvreli sxva perspeqtiva ar hqondes. es tendencia yvelgan igrZnoba _

politikaze, religiaze, erovnul rekvizitebsa Tu kulturaze msjelobisas da

aviTarebs arsebiT azrs _ rom erovnuloba CamorCenilobis, viwrokuTxurobis

maCvenebelia da xels uSlis demokratiis ganviTarebas. saxelmwifosadmi

masmediis amgvar damokidebulebas ukve bunebrivad mivyavarT im kondiciamde,

roca cneba “arSemdgari qveyana” SeCveuli sityva xdeba mkiTxvelisa Tu

mayureblisTvis da, cnobierad Tu qvecnobierad, gansazRvravs mis adekvatur

reaqcias.

pirobiTad, am periodis presa sam nakadad SeiZleba davyoT:

32

erTi mxriv, “alia”, “rezonansi”, “axali versia” qmnian kliSeebs _

saqarTvelo _ arSemdgari qveyana, saSiSi qveyana, pankisi _ terorizmis bude,

SevardnaZe – miloSeviCi, wiTeli prezidenti, SevardnaZistebi _ retrogradebi,

Jvanias gundi _ reformatorebi;

“asaval-dasavali”, “dro”, “meoTxe”, “marTali gazeTi” _ reformatorebs

dasavleTis emisrebad miiCneven, masonuri mmarTvelobis safrTxeze da Jvania-

saakaSvilis warmomavlobaze msjeloben;

“dilis gazeTi”, “kviris palitra”, “axali Taoba”, “meridiani”/”axali

meridiani”, “droni”, “ganaxlebuli iveria” cdiloben erovnuli cnobierebis,

saxelmwifo azrovnebis gaaqtiurebas _ tradiciuli Rirebulebebis

SenarCunebiT.

miuxedavad ricxobrivi upiratesobisa, xsnebul gazeTebsa da plus kidev

sxva gamocemebs ar SeuZliaT gadafaron “aliasa” da “rezonansis”

sainformacio zegavlena, ramdenime arsebiTi faqtoris gamo: gavrcelebis

farTo geografiuli arealis, tiraJisa da reitingis garda, isini moqmedeben

gansazRvruli sainformacio strategiiT, razec ukve vamaxvilebdiT

yuradRebas t/k “rusTavi 2”-is magaliTze. (2001 wels, kompania “nikkolo m”-is

mier Catarebuli saqarTvelos mediabazris kvlevis Sedegad, “alia”,

“rezonansi” da ”axali versia” lideroben mkiTxvelTa ndobisa da kiTxvadobis

reitingSi; xolo “aliasa” da “rezonanss”, “kviris palitrasTan” erTad,

gavrcelebis yvelaze farTo areali aqvT.)*

erovnuli da saxelmwifo cnobierebis moSlis Sorsgamiznuli procesi

uwinaresad axalgazrdobisken iyo mimarTuli. pirvel rigSi swored maTze iyo

gaTvlili “dardubalas” seriali (t/k “rusTavi 2”), “rezonansis” “morige

redaqtoris Canawerebi”, “alias” publikaciebi, romlebic erTdroulad

aRvivebda religiur nihilizmsac da religiur eqstremizmsac; sainformacio

amindis Semqmneli masmediis mTavari Temebi _ destabilizaciis permanentuli

safrTxe, qveynis cxovrebis yvela sferoSi mxolod uaryofiTis Zieba, ufrosi

da saSualo Taobis mudmivi dadanaSauleba komunistur droSi cxovrebisaTvis

(im faqtoris ignorirebiT, rom maT droisa da qveynis arCeva ar SeeZloT),

saxelmwifos diskreditaciisaken mimarTuli sainformacio kampania da a.S.

Tu am TvalsazrisiT Tundac “rezonansis” “morige redaqtoris

Canawerebs” ganvixilavT, davrwmundebiT rom gazeTis am miniaturul “savizito

_________

* kvlevis Sedegis gamoyeneba SeTanxmebulia kompania “nikkolo m”-Tan.

33

baraTSi” akumulirebulia udidesi sabrZolo muxti da Seurigebloba sistemis,

mmarTvelobis, tradiciebis, ufrosi Taobisadmi da a.S. amasTan, misi enobrivi

qsovili _ Sav iumors Serwymuli slengi, “dardubalasac” exmaureba da kargad

esadageba Tineijerul gemovnebasa da ganwyobasac. “Canawerebis” pozicia

gamyarebulia anSlagebad gaSlili sapirvelgverdo saTaurebiTa da

karikaturebiT, romelTa mTavari “gmiria” prezidenti:

“saqarTvelo sakoncentracio banakia”. (“rezonansi”, 26 Tebervali, 2001).

“orosnebis qveyana” _ “rezonansi” yurs uwevs orosnebis meTaur wiTel

prezidents. (“rezonansi” 6 aprili, 2001).

“aq odesRac saqarTvelo iyo...”; fotomontaJi _ saqarTvelos rukaze

ganfenili prezidentis fotoportreti. (“rezonansi”, 18 aprili, 2001).

“saqarTvelos xelisuflebaSi erTi homosapiensic ar urevia!”; karikatura

_ centrSi did gamoxrul Zvalze Semdgari prezidenti _ pirvelyofili

adamiani, CaquC-namgliani avgaroziT. (“rezonansi”, 14 aprili, 2001)* da a.S.

presis publikaciebis meore nakadi qveyanaSi arsebul mZime viTarebas

xsnis “importirebuli ideebisa” da erovnuli nihilizmis momZlavrebiT da am

process, pirdapir Tu iribad, akavSirebs “dasavluri yaidis” axalgazrda

politikosebTan, anu e.w. reformatorebTan:

“samwuxaroa, rom is adamianebi, romlebic TiTqosda qmnian saqarTvelos

xvalindel dRes, erovnul ideasTan damokidebulebaSi nihilistebi arian.

es wminda wylis qarTuli paradoqsia, romlis msgavss, vTqvaT amerikeli,

koSmarul sizmarSic ver naxavs. amaSi Cans Cveni gamoucdeloba _

marTalia, ki gagvaCnia saxelmwifoebriobis aTaswlovani tradicia,

magram istoriuli gamocdilebis deficits mainc ganvicdiT”. (161)

“Cveni qveynis ubedurebaSi ZiriTadi wvlilis Semtanni qarTvelebi arian.

aqedan modis gancdac, rom qarTvelebi arafris Rirsni varT. es tyuilia,

radgan maT metad seriozuli SemkveTebi hyavdaT. yovelive

dakavSirebulia erT did TeoriasTan, romelic Seiqmna dasavleTSi,

Zalian saintereso institutebSi.

es aris msoflio globalizaciis Teoria, romelsac erTi ki ara,

SemkveTTa mTeli erToblioba hyavs, romelic warmarTavs danarCen

______

*

disertaciis am monakveTSi gazeTebis/Jurnalebis da TariRebis aqve miTiTeba mniSvnelovania

saerTo konteqstisTvis. amitom, aqac da Semdgomac, iZulebuli varT davarRvioT periodikis

damowmebis standarti.

34

msoflios... SiSveli amerikanizmi emsaxureba qarTuli erovnuli

saxelmwifoebrivi safuZvlebis moSlas. amas akeTeben smk sagangebo

emisrebi, romelTac lideris statusi aqvT boZebuli”. (130)

presis publikaciebis mesame nakadi cdilobs saxelmwifo azrovnebis

Camoyalibebis aucileblobisken miapyros sazogadoebis yuradReba. (am mxriv

yvelaze meti TanmimdevrobiT gamoirCeva “ganaxlebuli iveria”, romlis

publikaciebi mowmobs saqarTveloSi saxelmwifoebriobis Zlieri tradiciis

arsebobas. Tumc, am gazeTis perioduloba da statiebis specifika masobriv

mkiTxvelze zemoqmedebis saSualebas ar iZleoda). am tipis publikaciebSi,

pirvel yovlisa, SeimCneva erovnuli nihilizmis, saxelmwifoebriobis eWvqveS

dayenebis gamomwvevi mizezebis gaanalizeba da im sayrdenis Zieba, romelsac

unda daefuZnos eris fsiqologiuri wonasworoba.

erT-erT sagazeTo publikaciaSi politologi givi boloTaSvili

Tanmimdevrulad ayalibebs im faqtorebs, romelTa mixedviTac saqarTvelo

arSemdgari saxelmwifoa: “saqarTvelo ver uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebis

integracias, socialuri erTianobis sakiTxebis gadaWras, kanonis uzenaesobas,

moqalaqeTa interesebis dacvas, gareSe Tavdasxmebisgan qveynis dacvas,

ekonomikis saxelmwifo regulirebas, kulturul-aRmzrdelobiTi funqciis

ganxorcielebas da a.S. rac mTavaria, saqarTveloSi ver Seiqmna saSualo fena.

Sedegad, 5%-ia mdidarTa fena, danarCeni lumpenproletariatis donemdea

dayvanili.” (91).

igive problemebis saTaves mwerali erlom axvlediani gacilebiT Rrma

fesvebSi eZiebs, asaxelebs TiTqmis yvela ZiriTad obieqtur mizez-Sedegs da,

rac mTavaria, cdilobs maTi warmoSobac da mogvarebac daukavSiros ara

mxolod gareSe faqtorebs (rogorc es am tipis publikaciaTa umetesobaSi

gvxvdeba), aramed, dagvanaxos sakuTari braleulobac da sakuTari Zalebis

amoqmedebis gardauvali aucileblobac: “qaosi, romelSic amJamad Cven

vimyofebiT, mxolod Cveni brali ar aris. Cven xalxs uamravi saxadi erTbaSad

Seeyara, arada, maTgan TiToeuli SeiZleboda sabediswero gamxdariyo. Cveni

brali aq is aris rom maT Cven ver vuvliT, rogorc saxads, batonebs, ver

vuqmniT mSvid garemos, piriqiT, vaavebT Cveni dapirispirebiT, xmauriT. es

saxadi uamravia: socialuri wyobis Secvla, mopovebuli damoukidebloba,

Tavisufleba mravali mimarTulebiT, pluralizmi, kapitalis Tavdapirveli

dagrovebis mwvave procesi, eTnikuri problemebis damoukideblad regulireba,

Zveli da axali mentalitetis dajaxeba, usamarTlod warTmeuli teritoriebi,

orientaciis mkveTri Secvla, mezobel saxelmwifoebTan urTierTobis

35

mogvareba, sarwmunoebrivi eqspansiebi, megobrebisa da mtrebis garCevis siZnele,

geopolitikuri mdgomareobis sirTule da a.S. yovelive amas, am qaosur

mdgomareobas, Znelia mouZebno saerTo maCvenebeli, erTiani sayrdeni, romelic

Cven Cvensave TavSi unda vipovoT, radgan Cven Tu aseTi sayrdeni Sin ver

vipoveT, maSin bunebrivia “megobari” qveynebis siZliereSi unda vipovoT axali

“mfarveli”, anda Zvels davubrundeT”. (87)

es vrceli citata movixmeT imis sailustraciodac, presis WeSmariti

Tavisuflebis, damoukideblobisa da obieqturobis pirobebSi, ra ZiriTadi

parametrebi unda qceuliyo mis prioritetad.

saxelmwifo azrovnebis gaaqtiurebisken mimarTuli publikaciebis

nimuSad movixmobT kidev erT magaliTs _ sazRvris dacvis departamentis

Tavmjdomaris, valeri CxeiZis intervius gazeT “kviris palitrasTan”. “Cven

unda gvqondes naTlad gamokveTili erovnuli modeli saxelmwifoebriobisa,

dayrdnobili istoriul tradiciebsa da fsiqologiaze. saqarTvelom didi

saxelmwifoebis politikur TamaSebSi gamsvleli an Sesawiri paikis roli ki

ar unda iTamaSos, aramed Cvens qveyanas sakuTari myari da Zlieri adgili,

Tavisi misia unda hqondes am urTules da Znel “saWadrako dafaze”, _ acxadebs

maRalCinosani saxelmwifo moxele da miiCnevs, rom saamisod saqarTvelos

sWirdeba neitraliteti. (interviu valeri CxeiZesTan, “kviris palitra”, 27

noemberi, 2000).F

miuxedavad imisa, rom am periodisTvis (2000-2001 wlebi) saqarTvelo

dasavlur Rirebulebebsa da demokratiis mSeneblobaze orientirebul qveynad

iTvleboda, presaSi naklebad gvxvdeba publikaciebi, romlebSic axsnilia

demokratiuli ganviTarebis arsi, gardamavali demokratiis Tavisebureba da

problemebi, saqarTvelos winaSe mdgomi konkretuli amocanebi da a.S.

demokratia umTavresad xsendeba zogad konteqstSi, an, sityvis Tavisuflebis,

pirovnebis uflebis Selaxvis sababiT. ra Tqma unda, gvxvdeba gamonaklisebic.

magaliTis saxiT moviSveliebT gazeT “axali Taobis” publikacias _ “rodis

ganviTardeba saqarTveloSi demokratia?”, romlis avtori, Jurnalisti lado

mkervaliSvili profesiulad warmarTavs msjelobas da qarTuli presisTvis

Cveuli subieqtur-emociuri damokidebulebis nacvlad, movlenebis pragmatul

xedvas iCens: “saxelmwifos winaSe sul sxva amocanebi da miznebi dgas. maTi

formulireba ki erTi sityviT SeiZleba _ gadarCena. roca es problemebi

gadaiWreba, demokratiis damyarebisaTvis yvela barieri moixsneba. qarTveli

eri Tavisi mentalitetiT Tu fsiqologiiT yovelTvis demokrati iyo da es

misTvis axali xili ar aris... saqarTveloSi demokratia ganviTardeba mas

36

Semdeg, rac wamoiwevs ekonomika, gaerTiandeba sazogadoeba da amaRldeba

erovnuli TviTSegneba. demokratia, rogorc wesi, siRatakeSi ar xarobs.” (141)

2002 wels saqarTveloSi aSS-is “wrTvnisa da aRWurvis” programis

dawyebam masmediis ganwyoba sagrZnobad gadaxara optimizmisaken da,

Sesabamisad, iklo agresiam, sainformacio aJiotaJebma, Serbilda saxelmwifosa

da prezidentisaken mimarTuli uaryofiTi aqcentebi. am periodSi ukve

“rezonansis” pirvel gverdebze aRar Cndeba sarkastuli karikaturebi “mTavari

gmiriT” _ “prezidentiT”, Seicvala “morige redaqtoris Canawerebis” paTosic,

saxelmwifosa da prezidentis Seuracxmyofeli. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am

TvalsazrisiT “rezonansi” erTgvari indikatoria, romlis mixedviTac SeiZleba

vimsjeloT saxelmwifos cxovrebaSi momxdar Tvisobriv cvlilebaze.

“wrTvnisa da aRWurvis programa ar unda CaiSalos” _ ase asaTaurebs

“rezonansis” wamyvani Jurnalisti eliso CafiZe publikacias, romelSic

mkafiod gamoxatavs Tavis Jurnalistur pozicias da, faqtobrivad, ara

mxolod mkiTxvels, kolegebsac mouwodebs saxelmwifoebrivi

erTsulovnebisken: “... dRes saqarTveloSi arsebuli situacia aravis, arc

jariskacs, arc ers da arc bers imis uflebas ar aZlevs spontanuri da

emociuri gadawyvetilebebi miiRos. erTi didi mwerlis Tqmisa ar iyos,

samSoblo xaWapuri ar aris da yvelanairi unda giyvardes. unda giyvardes

gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca is daZabunebulia da uWirs. Cven ki xandaxan

windauxedaobiTa Tu siCqariT, zogjer mizanmimarTulad, iseT frazas da

braldebas visvriT, rac saqarTvelos daxmarebis survils nebismier qveyanas

gauqrobda”. (164)

“rezonansisa” da zogierTi sxva gamocemis tonisa da aqcentis Secvla

kidev erTma garemoebam ganapiroba _ 2001 wlis oqtomber-noembris movlenebis

(romlis drosac zurab Jvania parlamentis Tavmjdomareobidan gadadga)

Semdgom periodSi sainformacio amindis Semqmneli masmediis “monopolizebis”

faqtori aSkarad Sesustda da, Sesabamisad, ganelda saxelmwifosa da

prezident SevardnaZis uaryofiT imijze momuSave sainformacio muxti.

demokratiis, prodasavlurobis, korufciasTan brZolis Sirmis miRma aSkara

saxelisuflebo brZolis interesis gamJRavnebamac Seitana koreqtivi

JurnalistTa garkveuli nawilis xedvaSi. am daskvnis gasamyareblad

moviSveliebT arasamTavrobo seqtoris TvalsaCino warmomadgenlis, gigi

TevzaZis mosazrebas (wignidan “saqarTvelo: Zalauflebis dabruneba”) imis

Taobaze, rom “Jvaniasac sWirdeboda liberaluri demokratiis sayrdeni”, anu

arasamTavrobo seqtorisa da mediis “Ria mxardaWera” “Zalauflebis sakuTari

37

sqemis” Sesadgenad. (25, .20) zurab Jvanias gavlenas mediaze momdevno nakveTebSi

SevexebiT, aq ki davZenT, rom es gavlena parlamentis Tavmjdomareobidan misi

gadadgomiT erTbaSad ar gaqarwylebula, magram gacilebiT Sesustda.

am qveTavis dasawyisSi, “arSemdgar saxelmwifosTan” mimarTebaSi,

Segnebulad ar SevexeT ruseTis faqtors, radgan es, obieqturi faqtoris

garda, erTgvari kliSea, romelsac saanalizo periodis qarTuli presa

mudmivad iSveliebs da lamis yovelgvari ubedurebis saTaved saxavs.

sagangebod gadmovanacvleT es Tema qveTavis am monakveTSi, sadac qarTul

presaSi saxelmwifo interesis gamoxatvis simptomebis gaCenas SevexeT. presis

versiebs saqarTveloSi ganviTarebul destabilizaciur situaciebTan ruseTis

mimarTebis Taobaze erT-erT momdevno qveTavSi SvexebiT. aq ki movixmobT ara

qarTuli an rusuli mediis interpretaciebs, aramed ruseTis “sagareo

politikis nacionaluri laboratoriis”* internet-saitze 2002 wlis agvistoSi

ganTavsebul analitikur masalas _ “politikuri situacia saqarTveloSi”. mis

erT-erT qveTavSi _ “saqarTvelos daxasiaTeba da ruseTis interesebi”,

saqarTvelo asea warmodgenili: “amerikul da rusul masmediaSi saqarTvelos

axasiaTeben, rogorc “arSemdgar saxelmwifos”. saqarTvelos saxelmwifos ar

ZaluZs Tavad uzrunvelyos Tavisi mTlianoba da usafrTxoeba da mudmivad

sWirdeba gareSe daxmareba... saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi sisustis Sedegad,

ruseTisaTvis iseTi rutinuli procedurac ki, rogoricaa adgilobrivi

TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebi, saqarTveloSi iwvevs xelCarTul brZolas, quCis

Setakebebs, srolebs da qveyanaSi situaciis destabilizaciis safrTxes qmnis”.

am qveTavSi ganmartebuli ar aris, raSi mdgomareobs “ruseTis interesi”,

magram, rogorc Cans, igulisxmeba, rom igi isedac gasagebia. (58)

rusi eqspertebis poziciisgan diametralurad gansxvavebulia nato-Si aSS-is

yofili elCis, robert hanteris mosazreba saqarTveloze. misi azriT,

“saqarTvelo araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar aris arSemdgari qveyana da arc iqceva

aseTad”. igi saqarTvelos, winsvlis mixedviT, postsabWoTa qveynebis sameulSi

an oTxeulSi Tvlis, eduard SevardnaZes ki _ yvelaze demokratiulad

danarCen postsabWour liderebs Soris. (118)

___________

* xsenebuli laboratoria 2002 welsaa dafuZnebuli; misi prezidentia cnobili politologi

da politteqnologi gleb pavlovski. rogorc Cans, laboratoriam erT-erT pirvel sagareo-

politikur faqtorad saqarTvelos faqtori miiCnia da fundamenturad Seiswavla da

gaaanaliza misi saSinao da sagareo politikis TiTqmis yvela arsebiTi problema.

38

daaxloebiT aseTi sainformacio ganwyobiTaa warmodgenili saqarTvelos

saxelmwifos zogadi saxe presaSi “vardebis revoluciamde”.

SedarebisTvisEsainteresoa, rogor figurirebs am periodis saqarTvelo

saeqsperto SefasebebSi. 2003 wlis mdgomareobiT, politologi gia nodia

(saeqsperto naSromSi _ “demokratiis Seqmnis ori mcdeloba saqarTveloSi:

TxuTmetwliani gzis Sejameba”) saqarTvelos miakuTvnebs qveynebs, romlebmac

demokratiis mimarTulebiT ramdenime sawyisi nabiji gadadges da sadRac Sua

gzaze, “nacrisfer zonaSi” gaCerdnen; misi momavlis perspeqtiva sam scenars

Soris meryeobs: seriozuli winsvla demokratiis mimarTulebiT;

avtoritaruli sistemisken dabruneba; kidev didxans darCena arsebul

gaurkvevlobaSi. (55, 38)

2005 wlis, anu postrevoluciuri saqarTvelo, “mSvidobis, demokratiisa

da ganviTarebis kavkasiuri institutis” gamocemaSi (koordinator-redaqtorebi

gia nodia da alvaro pinto sqoltbaxi), asea Sefasebuli: “saqarTvelo

cnobilia, rogorc politikurad arastabiluri saxelmwifo, rac demokratiaze

gadasvlis (tranziciis) mravaljerad mcdelobaSi gamoixata... (xazi avtoris, _

l.k.) 2003 wlis noembris vardebis revolucia saqarTveloSi demokratiuli

transformaciis kidev erTi mcdelobaa... mTavari gamowveva, rac saqarTvelos

demokratiis winaSe dgas, isaa, rom 2003 wlis noemberi saqarTvelos istoriaSi

Sevides rogorc “revolucia, romelmac yvela revolucia daasrula.” (xazi

Cvenia, _ l.k.) es gulisxmobs, rom unda moxdes demokratiuli institutebis

konsolidacia da Zalauflebis konstituciuri cvlac rutinul procedurad

unda iqces.” (64, 5-9)

“vardebis revoluciam”, rogorc disertaciis pirvel nakveTSi aRvniSneT,

masmedias daukarga wamyvani pozicia, magram daexmara axali funqciis SeZenaSi

_ mediis meSveobiT Camoyalibeba daiwyo saqarTvelos axalma imijma.

saqarTvelo, pirvel rigSi, asocirdeba cnobad saxelmwifosTan; qveyana,

romelsac didi Zalisxmeva uxdeboda Tavisi arsebobis dasafiqsireblad,

saerTaSoriso yuradRebis obieqti gaxda. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs ara mxolod

xmauriani sainformacio sababebi (vardebis revoluciis rezonansi, aWaraSi

ganviTarebuli movlenebi da a.S.), aramed saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis

saqmiani daintereseba.

sanimuSod moviSveliebT Tundac sam sainformacio sababs:

2004 wlis ivnisSi, briuselSi, evrokavSiris egidiT gamarTuli

saqarTvelos donorTa saerTaSoriso konferenciis gaSuqebis fonze,

saqarTvelo presaSi figurirebs rogorc saxelmwifo, romelsac evropa ukve

39

aRiqvams ara mxolod geografiul, aramed msoflmxedvelobriv da kulturul

mezoblad; rogorc qveyana, romlis mimarTac ucxoeli partniorebi,

dainteresebasTan erTad, kompetenturobasa da informirebulobasac amJRavneben.

msoflioSi Seqmnili viTareba unikaluri Sansia saqarTvelosTvis _

daaxloebiT aseTia presis saerTo aqcenti. 1 miliardi dolari _

donorebisagan; 400 milionamde (sami wlis ganmavlobaSi) _ “aTaswleulis

gamowvevis korporaciisgan”; 12 mln _ evrokavSirisgan; “mTavari gazeTis”

azriT, donorebis amgvari xelgaSliloba dasavleTisagan saqarTvelos

xelisuflebis dadebiT Sefasebaze miuTiTebs. amave dros, Tbiliss

kategoriulad afrTxileben, rom miliarddolariani daxmareba ukanaskneli

Sansia saqarTvelosTvis. miuxedavad imisa rom qarTvelebisagan bolo aTi

wlis ganmavlobaSi msgavsi Sinaarsis gancxadebebi araerTxel mousmeniaT,

briuselSi mainc irwmunes saqarTvelos premier ministris optimisturi

prognozi _ “sam weliwadSi saqarTvelo Tavad daexmareba sxvebs.” (“mTavari

gazeTi”, 22 ivnisi, 2004) evropuli politikis centrSi gamosvlisas premier-

ministrma zurab Jvaniam aRniSna, rom evropam aRiara saqarTvelos evropuli

ambicia. presa yuradRebas amaxvilebs im faqtze, rom am centrSi Sexvedrisas

TvalSisacemi iyo ucxoelTa kompetenturoba saqarTvelos sakiTxebSi.

presis SefasebiT, saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobam es milionobiT

dolari qarTuli revoluciis Sedegis _ axali qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis

ganviTarebaSi daabanda; Cveni qveynis damoukideblobis mTavari garanti

interesTa pragmatuli Tanxvedraa; raki investiciaTa raodenoba ukve aTniSna

cifrebiT ganisazRvreba, dasavleTi saqarTvelos ase advilad ar daTmobs.

luqsemburgSi, evrokavSiris sagareo saqmeTa ministrebis sabWos sxdomaze

miRebuli gadawyvetilebiT, saqarTvelo, azerbaijansa da somxeTTan erTad,

oficialurad CaerTo “evropis samezoblo politikaSi”. am gadawyvetilebiT

evrokavSirma oficialurad daadastura, rom samxreT kavkasiaSi mimdinare

procesebSi ufro aqtiur monawileobas apirebs.

2004 wlis noember-dekemberSi, ukrainis “narinjisferi revoluciis”

rezonansiT, ara mxolod “vardebis revoluciis” paraleli Cndeba _ presa

argumentirebulad msjelobs, ras gulisxmobda “qarTuli revoluciis

eqsporti”, ra niSniT unda iqces saqarTvelo _ jer kidev susti da

konfliqturi regionebis mqone saxelmwifo, demokratiuli ganviTarebisa da

stabilurobis misabaZ magaliTad mTeli regionisa da postsabWoTa

sivrcisaTvis. Tanac, ukrainaSi saprezidento arCevnebis SedegebiT gamowveulma

revoluciurma mRelvarebam, romelic eqspertTa SefasebiT, metismetad

40

gaWianurda, cxadyo, rom msgavsi procesis “iolad mogvarebis” qarTuli

modeli marTlac miesadageba dasavlel strategTa idealisturi politikis

Teoriebs.

2005 wlis maisSi, aSS-is prezidentis jorj buSis viziti TbilisSi,

momgebiani sainformacio sababi iyo presaSi saqarTvelos imijis pozitiuri

pozicionirebisTvis. “mTavar gazeTTan” interviuSi, “gardamavali

demokratiebis” proeqtis xelmZRvaneli brius jeqsoni acxadebda, rom

“saqarTvelo namdvilad lideria kavkasiaSi, Savi zRvis regionis qveynebSi,

evropis erT nawilSi da centralur aziaSic. ukraina Tanalideria.” (120)

jorj buSis vizitis rezonanss presaSi sagangebod SevexebiT disertaciis

erT-erT momdevno nakveTSi; aq ki yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT kidev erT niuansze

_ “vardebis revoluciam” ara mxolod saqarTvelos sagareo imijze moaxdina

pozitiuri zegavlena, qveynis SigniTac arsebiTad Seicvala saxelmwifosadmi

damokidebuleba _ nihilizmidan optimizmisaken. aRsaniSnavia, rom “gorbi” _

“gelap interneiSenalis” mier 2004 wlis miwuruls Catarebuli sociologiuri

gamokiTxvis SedegiT, saqarTvelo, optimizmis mixedviT, msoflios 65 qveyanas

Soris meore adgilze aRmoCnda. (msoflios 50-ze meti qveynis “gelapis”

institutebi, yoveli wlis bolos adgenen mosaxleobis optimizmis maCvenebels,

anu sazogadoebis damokidebulebas momavlis mimarT. 2004 wlis optimist

qveyanaTa aTeuli aseTia: tunisi, vietnami _ 72%, saqarTvelo _ 71%, CineTi,

hong kongi, quveiTi _ 70%, kosovo _ 67%, panama _ 66%, aSS _ 65%, avstralia _

61%.) (160)

dasavleTi Tu ruseTi?

(saxelmwifos orientaciis problemis aspeqtebi presaSi)

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis saTavesTan, gasuli saukunis 90-iani

wlebis damdegs, qarTul presas, gazeT ”mamulis” winamZRolobiT, cxare

diskusia hqonda gamarTuli _ ra orientacia, saxelmwifo mowyobis ra modeli,

ra ekonomikuri strategia unda aerCia saqarTvelos, rom igi WeSmaritad

damoukidebel (de iure, de faqto) qveynad Camoyalibebuliyo. drom male

gamoaCina, rom deklarirebuli damoukideblobisa da Tavisuflebis gadazrda

realur damoukideblobaSi rTuli da winaaRmdegobrivi procesia. am Temis

ganvrcoba Cveni Temisa da kompetenciis farglebs scildeba; amdenad,

SevecdebiT mokled CamovayaliboT Temis ganviTarebis dinamika saanalizo

periodis qarTul presaSi.

41

damoukideblobis gamocxadebis pirvel wlebSi, azrTa sxvadasxvaobis

miuxedavad, qarTuli presis meSveobiT gacxadebuli saerTo ideali (Tu

SeiZleba ase iTqvas), iyo saqarTvelos neitraliteti. miuxedavad imisa, rom

mocemul drosa da sivrceSi es utopiuri idea iyo; miuxedavad imisa, rom

mogvianebiT saqarTvelom oficialurad gaaJRera evroatlantikur sivrceSi

integraciisken swrafva, neitralitetis Tema xangamoSvebiT isev iCenda Tavs

presaSi, oRondac, ara Jurnalisturi an saredaqcio iniciativiT; ZiriTadad, es

ukavSirdeboda saarCevno kampaniis periodebs, an, gamoiyeneboda nato-sTan

saqarTvelos mimarTebis gaaqtiurebisas “Temis gadasafarad.”

saqarTvelos mier saerTaSoriso aRiarebis mopovebisTanave,

saxelmwifoebrivi TviTgamorkvevis procesSi, gaCnda dilema _ dasavleTi Tu

ruseTi?! amTaviTve aRvniSnavT, rom wlebis manZilze, sagareo prioritetebze

msjelobisa Tu nebismieri sxva sababiT am Temis warmoSobisas, presis

aqcentebi, upiratesad, swored am ori polusisken miemarTeba.

kvlevaSi _ “saqarTvelo samxreT kavkasiis regionis konteqstSi”, daviT

darCiaSvili ase ayalibebs saqarTvelos politikuri arCevanis

winaaRmdegobriv xasiaTs: “saqarTvelos adgils samxreT kavkasiis regionuli

politikis konteqstSi, upirveles yovlisa, misi sagareo politikuri arCevani

gansazRvravs. am arCevanis ZiriTadi orientiria diqotomia _ dasavleTi-ruseTi:

pirvelis xibli da meoris SiSi. saxelmwifo institutebis sisustis fonze

qarTuli sagareo politika, arsebiTad, gadarCenisaTvis brZola, arsebobis

garantiaTa Ziebaa. amasTan, zogjer Zneli gasarkvevia, saqme exeba qveynis Tu

saxelisuflebo reJimis gadarCenas. Sedegad, politika ekleqturobis elfers

iZens, Tumca mainc dominirebs dasavlur, evroatlantikur samyaroSi

integrirebis ocneba. saqarTvelos xelisuflebas aqvs met-naklebad stabiluri

idea _ qveynisaTvis dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTs Soris satranzito koridoris

funqciis SeZena.” (17, 25)

Cveni saanalizo periodis aTvlis wertilisTvis, anu 2000 wlisTvis,

saqarTvelos sagareo prioriteti _ dasavluri veqtori ukve gamokveTili iyo,

magram presaSi (iseve, rogorc qveynis sazogadoebriv-politikur cxovrebaSi)

jer kidev Zlieria rusuli faqtoris gavlena, ruseTis primati maSinac ki

igrZnoba, roca mis ignorirebas cdiloben; ruseTTan mimarTebaSi yvelaze

TvalsaCinod ikveTeba qarTuli presis midrekileba kliSeebisa da

stereotipebisaken; erT-erTi mTavari kliSe _ “ori ruseTi”, romelic wlebis

manZilze figurirebda ruseTTan urTierTobis Temis ganviTarebisas, bolo

periodis qarTul presaSi TiTqmis aRar gvxvdeba (igi Caanacvla daskvnam, rom

42

araviTari ori ruseTi ar arsebobs); samagierod, TiTqmis ucvleli darCa

kliSe _ ruseTi “mtris xatis” rolSi. (TiTqos paradoqsia, magram didi

ruseTic aseTive warmatebiT qmnis saqarTvelosgan “mtris xats”).

unda aRiniSnos, rom presaSi ruseTisadmi negatiuri damokidebulebis

gamoxatvas safuZvlad udevs ara rusofobia (iSviaTi gamonaklisebis garda),

aramed, aqcenti mis imperiul arsze. amasTan, umeteswilad, saqarTvelos

masmediaSi antirusuli kampaniis gaZliereba gamoZaxilia rusuli masmediis

antiqarTuli isteriisa. Tavis mxriv, qarTuli masmediis mier rusuli Temis

uaryofiT konteqstSi aJitireba ruseTSi hpovebs gamoZaxils. oRondac, aSkaraa

sainformacio omis uTanabroba. “vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg, saqarTvelos

saerTaSoriso rezonansis gaZlierebam es uTanabroba garkveulwilad

gaaneitrala. Cveni azriT, mizanmimarTuli sainformacio strategiis wyalobiT,

saqarTvelos xelisuflebam moaxerxa ruseTis statusis, rogorc saqarTvelos

teritoriaze arsebul konfliqtebSi “mesame mxaris”, Secvla da Riad uwoda

mas konfliqtebis monawile mxare, konfliqtebis gamCaRebeli da, ufro metic,

aneqsori. miuxedavad amisa, 2005 wels miRebul saqarTvelos erovnuli

usafrTxoebis koncefciaSi, ruseTi ganxilulia ara rogorc mteri

saxelmwifo, aramed rogorc partniori, azerbaijanTan da somxeTTan erTad

(strategiul partniorebad saxeldeba aSS, ukraina da TurqeTi). (64, 45)

SevecdebiT, mokled mimovixiloT presaSi sagareo prioritetebis asaxvis

ZiriTadi aspeqtebi. mTavari tendencia am TemasTan mimarTebaSi isev da isev

Temis politizeba, personificireba da pirovnul/klanuri dapirispirebebis

WrilSi warmosaxvaa; am fonze ikargeba problemis arsi da wina planze iwevs

konkretuli mizani (arc Tu iSviaTad _ umiznoba an problemis gauazrebloba),

romelsac emsaxureba am Temis musireba Sesabamis konteqstSi.

2000-2001 wlebSi CrdiloeT-dasavleTis vnebaTaRelva presaSi ZiriTadad

trialebs, erTis mxriv, eduard SevardnaZisa da, meores mxriv, e.w.

“reformatorebis” (anu, “moqalaqeTa kavSiris” axalgazrduli frTa, Jvania-

saakaSvilis gundi) garSemo. sainformacio amindis ganmsazRvrel masmediaSi

Seqmnili suraTiT, orientaciis mixedviT saqarTvelos politelita ase

warmoCindeba: prezidenti, misi garemocva (simbolurad _ kancelaria) _

retrogradebi, anu ruseTze orientirebulni; personalurad prezidenti

eduard SevardnaZe _ xan erT, xan meore mxares gadaxrili, xanac _ am or

poluss Soris “moTamaSe”; e.w. “reformatorebi”, anu ZiriTadad smk-s

axalgazrduli frTa _ “dasavlurebi”, zurab Jvania _ prodasavluri lideri;

aRiarebuli “ruseTumeebi” _ aslan abaSiZe (igulisxmeba partia “aRorZinebac”),

43

socialistebi, vaxtang rCeuliSvilis liderobiT, komunistebi, panteleimon

giorgaZis meTaurobiT, parlamentis vice-spikeri vaxtang goguaZe...

moviSveliebT or vrcel citatas, romlebSic, faqtobrivad, asaxulia im

periodSi dasavlur-rusuli veqtorebisadmi damokidebulebis stereotipi:

“Jvania-saakaSvilis gundma yvelaferi gaakeTa dasavleTisadmi snoburi,

ukiduresad provinciuli damokidebulebis reanimirebisTvis.

paralelurad, igive gundi yvelafers akeTebs ruseTTan urTierTobis

rac SeiZleba metad dasaZabavad. maTi msjelobis logika amgvaria: Cven

rac SeiZleba metad gavamwvavebT urTierTobas Crdiloel mezobelTan.

Tu igi sapasuxod mimarTavs agresiul qmedebas, saqarTvelo,

rasakvirvelia, absoluturad verafers daupirispirebs, magram mova

civilizebuli dasavleTi da Wkuas aswavlis ruseTs.” (140)

“es publikacia (saubaria zemoT citirebul publikaciaze _ l.k.) agrZelebs im

antidasavlur propagandistul kampanias, romelic miznad isaxavs

saqarTvelos politikuri kursis sawinaaRmdego ideologiuri fonis

Seqmnas _ im azris damkvidrebas, rom dasavluri civilizacia ucxoa

qarTvelebisaTvis genetikurad, kulturulad, eTnofsiqologiurad,

istoriulad, politikurad da seqsualuradac ki. samagierod, axloa

ruseTi. saTave da mizezi am kampaniis aris ruseTis survili, SeinarCunos

samxedro bazebi da politikuri gavlena saqarTveloSi, magram,

jerjerobiT, Riad ver moqmedebs da kmayofildeba saqarTvelos

xelisuflebaSi da sazogadoebaSi arsebuli im Zalebis xelSewyobiT,

romelTac uxilavi ZafebiT marTavs.” (135)

es ori diametralurad gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisi imiTacaa

sayuradRebo, rom erTis avtori saqarTvelos prezidentis mrCevelia, meorisa

ki _ parlamentari (Jvanias gundis wevri). bunebrivia, rom kancelariis

moxeleebsa da parlamentarebs Tundac saxelmwifo politikis gamosaxatavad

unificirebuli azrebi ver eqnebodaT (da arc unda hqonodaT), magram amgvari

radikalizmi qveynis orientaciis didmniSvnelovan problemasTan mimarTebaSi,

presis meSveobiT tons aZlevda sazogadoebis aseve radikalur

damokidebulebas.

amave periodSi (2000 wlis gazafxulze), presaSi ikveTeba tendencia, rom

saqarTvelo xdeba regionSi gavlenisaTvis ruseT-aSS-is brZolis asparezi.

sayuradReboa gazeT “dronis” saredaqcio statia (“saqarTvelos adgili da

roli kavkasiaSi aSS-sa da natos strategiul mimarTulebebSi”), romelSic

ganxilulia ruseTis dumis dsT-s saqmeTa komitetis analitikosebis mier

44

dumisTvis wardgenili moxseneba. moxsenebis avtorebi “SeSfoTebuli arian

regionSi amerikuli da dasavluri daswrebis gamo” da guliswyromas

gamoTqvamen ruseTis mmarTveli elitis mimarT, romelmac saqarTveloSi

rusofilia gaaCaRa. (101) gazeT “7 dRis” publikaciaSi viTardeba versia, rom

postsabWour sivrceSi moskovisa da vaSingtonis konkurencia, SesaZloa,

“afxazeTisTvis iqces WeSmaritebis momentad”; vinaidan konfliqtis gadawyvetis

TvalsazrisiT ruseTs afxazeTSi gacilebiT meti berketebi aqvs, vidre

yarabaRSi (raki iq misi “samSvidobo Zalebi” ar arian ganlagebuli), moskovi

ueWvelad Seecdeba “daaswros” amerikas am regionSi mainc”. (162)

sagangebod aRvniSnavT gazeT “rezonansSi” gamoqveynebul erT

publikacias, romelic exeba msoflio politikis institutis evroaziuli

kvlevis programis direqtoris, ian bremeris “sakmaod arasaxarbielo

gancxadebas”. movixmobT citatas: “bremeris sityvebiT, postsabWouri epoqis

sawyis periodSi amerika cdilobda kavkasiaze ruseTis istoriuli gavlena

Seemcirebina, regionis energoresursebze dabali fasebis gamo, Tumca,

“vaSingtonma maSin ver gansazRvra, rogori iqneboda misi axali, hegemonuri

sagareo politika”... zogierTi proeqti, magaliTad, baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis

milsadeni, swored ruseTis gavlenis dakninebisaken aris mimarTuli, magram

dRes msgavsi protesti Zalas kargavs... rac Seexeba saqarTvelosa da

azerbaijanis nato-Si gawevrianebis perspeqtivas, profesor ian bremeris TqmiT,

amis Soreuli SesaZleblobac ki ar arsebobs.” (“rezonansi”, 14 maisi, 2000).

SesaZloa, bremeris mier ganviTarebuli Tvalsazrisi am etapze ufro

aqtualuri iyos, radgan, nato-Si gawevrianeba da baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis

milsadenis meSveobiT regionSi saqarTvelos geostrategiuli mniSvnelobis

gamyareba, realobisgan ufro daSorebuli perspeqtiva aRmoCnda, vidre es im

periodSi SeiZleboda gvevarauda (presaSi ganviTarebuli versiebis mixedviT,

jer nato-Si da Semdgom evrokavSirSi saqarTvelos gaerTianeba 2008-10

wlebisTvis iyo prognozirebuli).

regionSi gavlenisaTvis ruseT-aSS-is brZolis konteqstSi saintereso

iqneba gavixsenoT cnobili amerikeli politologis, semuel hanTingTonis

koncefcia ruseTsa da dasavleTs Soris balansis gansazRvrisa, romlis

mixedviTac orive mxare unda SeTanxmdes principuli Tanasworobisa da

TiToeulis gavlenis sferoebis Sesaxeb: “praqtikulad es imas niSnavs, rom

ruseTi daTanxmdeba evrokavSirisa da nato-s gafarToebas, maTSi centraluri

da aRmosavleT evropis dasavlurqristianuli qveynebis CarTvas, dasavleTi ki

valdebulebas aiRebs ar gaafarToos nato ufro aRmosavleTiT _ Tuki ukraina

45

ar gaixliCeba or saxelmwifod.” hanTingTonis xedviT, dasavluri

civilizaciis Zalis SesanarCuneblad, aSS-sa da evropuli saxelmwifoebis

interesSi unda iyos ruseTis aRiareba marTlmadidebluri samyaros birTv

saxelmwifod, romelsac aqvs Tavisi samxreTi sazRvrebis usafrTxoebasTan

dakavSirebuli kanonieri interesebi. (78). rogorc er-erT momdevno nakveTSi

(“buSis vizitis rezonansi presaSi”) vnaxavT, dasavleTis/aSS-is swrafva

gavlenis sferoebis gafarToebisken gascda am areals; aman, arsebiTad,

ganapiroba Cveni qveynis deklarirebuli dasavluri orientaciis Tanmdevi

kataklizmebi.

2001 wlis dekembridan zemoTCamoyalibebulma “sqemam” (politelitis

sagareo orientaciis) presaSi, erTi SexedviT arc Tu ise mkveTri, magram, Cveni

azriT, arsebiTi transformacia ganicada; parlamentis Tavmjdomareobidan

zurab Jvanias gadadgomis Semdeg axalgazrda “reformatorTa” sagareo

orientacia ufro metad gaxda presis gansjis sagani; maTi “dasavluroba” isev

figurirebs presis publikaciebSi, magram ufro intensiuri xdeba aqcenti maT

“rusul kavSirebze”. gazeTi “droni”, magaliTad, mianiSnebs am cvlilebaze: “...

amerikelebi ukve acxadeben, rom mxars uWeren reformebs da ara

“reformatorebs”. (170); gazeTi “axali meridiani” ki pirdapir brals debs

axalgazrda reformatorebs: “Jvania-saakaSvili-merabiSvilis gunds misces

davaleba, rom rogorme saqarTveloSi gaRvivdes samoqalaqo dapirispireba.

maTi es ganzraxva Tu ganxorcielda, saqarTvelos aucileblad daaCoqeben.

1991-1992 wlebSi rusebma erTxel ukve dagvaCoqes. Tu igive ganmeorda, amas

veRar gadavurCebiT. es aris ruseTis specsamsaxurebis gegma, Canafiqri,

romelsac Jvania-saakaSvilis gundi asrulebs. es aSkarad Cans”. (“axali

meridiani”, 14.12.2001).

“dilis gazeTis” analitikur publikaciaSi, romelic pozitiuri

rakursiT warmoaCens “axalgazrda reformatorebs” da maT dasavlur

orientacias, amavdroulad, rusul kavSirebzec maxvildeba yuradReba: “isini

mwyralad arc ruseTTan arian. amas mowmobs ara imdenad maTi saarCevno

kampaniis rusuli finansebi, aramed irakli CubiniSvilis axlo kavSirebi

rusul politikur istebliSmentTan da Zmebi beJuaSvilebis aseve aranakleb

intensiuri urTierTobebi rusul kapitalTan.” (103)

“reformatorTa” “ormag standartze” politologebic mianiSneben: “isini

yovelTvis TamaSoben orive, anu, dasavleTisa da ruseTis mimarTulebiT”, _

acxadebs ramaz sayvareliZe “kviris palitrasTan” interviuSi. (117). am tipis

mosazrebebze dayrdnobiT, “kviris palitra” ayalibebs sagulisxmo formulas,

46

rom saqarTveloSi amerikuli fuliT rusuli interesi finansdeba. am

formulas exmianeba mweral elizbar javeliZis Tvalsazrisic: “ruseTica da

dasavleTic mixvdnen, mxolod erovnul talRaze mosul xelisuflebas

SeuZlia xalxis gaerTianeba, amitomac “Semoagores” cru-nacionaluri

moZraobis talRa, romelic garedan imarTeba.” (116)

orientaciis veqtoris qronologiur cvlilebas, Jurnalisti ia anTaZe

ase warmoadgens:

1992-1995 wlebSi politikur procesebs mTlianad ruseTi marTavda;

1995 wlis teraqtis Semdeg prorusuli Zalebis Seviwroeba da dasavluri

orientaciis Zalebis gaZliereba daiwyo. 1998 wlidan daiwyo medasavleTe

Zalebis “gadasrola” parlamentidan mTavrobaSi; politikuri logikiT,

erTiani procesis meore etapi, anu dasavluri orientaciis Zalebis gaZliereba,

unda dasrulebuliyo Tavad Jvanias gadasvliT aRmasrulebel xelisuflebaSi,

kerZod, premier-ministris postze. meore etapi marTlac maSin dasrulda,

rodesac Jvania dasaxelda premierobis kandidatad, magram saxelisuflo

Zalebis erTiani winaaRmdegobis Sedegad, premieri ver gaxda;

erTiani procesis mesame etapi daiwyo prezidentis gadadgomiT

moqalaqeTa kavSiris Tavmjdomaris postidan. eduard SevardnaZis es

gadawyvetileba unda miviCnioT adekvatur reaqciad prodasavluri Zalebis

damarcxebaze. prezidenti yovelTvis miiCneoda medasavleTe orientaciis

burjad. boloxans ganviTarebuli movlenebis fonze ki mas ori arCevaniRa

darCa: an unda miatovos medasavleTeTa banaki da politikur metoqeebs Caudges

saTaveSi, an unda darCes medasavleTeTa liderad, magram damarcxebuli gundi

sxva, axali medasavleTeebiT Caanacvlos.” (82)

es analitikuri publikacia 2001 wlis noembris movlenebamdea

gamoqveynebuli. rogorc vxedavT, aq prezidenti eduard SevardnaZe da

parlamentis Tavmjdomare zurab Jvania prodasavluri Zalebis liderebad

arian warmodgenilebi; amave publikaciis logikiT, mocemuli periodisTvis

orivem fiasko ganicada da prodasavluri Zalebic damarcxdnen. rac Seexeba

SevardnaZis or SesaZlo arCevans: Tuki CavTvliT, rom 2002 wlisTvis

opoziciur partiebad Camoyalibebuli “gaerTianebuli demokratebi” (zurab

Jvanias liderobiT) da “erTiani nacionaluri moZraoba” (mixeil saakaSvilis

liderobiT) dasavlur relsebze moZraobdnen da, sabolood, “vardebis

revoluciamde” miiyvanes qveyana, xolo 2003 wlisTvis eduard SevardnaZe iyo

faqtobrivi lideri saarCevno blokisa “axali saqarTvelosaTvis” (romelic

dasavluri orientaciiT namdvilad ar gamoirCeoda), maSin gamodis, rom

47

parlamentis Tavmjdomareobidan zurab Jvanias gadadgomiT, faqtobrivad,

“gaformda” eduard SevardnaZis distancireba (nebiTi Tu uneblie)

prodasavluri platformidan. es, erTi SexedviT rTuli logika, emyareba

presis publikaciebis analizs, romlebsac momdevno etapebze araTu SeaqvT

sicxade sakiTxSi _ sabolood mainc rogoria mmarTveli politikuri elitis

dispozicia sagareo orientaciisa da prioritetebis mixedviT, aramed, suraTi

ufro da ufro winaaRmdegobrivi xdeba; misi gaSifvra da wakiTxva ki elodeba

Sesabamisi profilis profesionalebs, romlebsac, SesaZloa, mediaanalizic

gamoadgeT saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis am umniSvnelovanesi da urTulesi

monakveTis aRsawerad.

sagareo Temis ramdenime ZiriTadi aspeqti

euTo-s demokratiuli institutebisa da adamianis uflebebis ofisis

mxardaWeriT Seqmnil kvlevaSi _ “saqarTvelos politikuri landSafti” (2005

wlis mdgomareobiT), postsabWoTa saqarTvelos sagareo politikis zogadi

veqtorebi asea daxasiaTebuli: “damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg, Sida

politikuri konfliqtebis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos sagareo politikis

zogadi mimarTulebebi ucvlelia. zviad gamsaxurdias, realurad, ar hqonia

saerTaSoriso politikis gansazRvris da gatarebis dro... rac Seexeba eduard

SevardnaZes da mixeil saakaSvils, orive maTganis umTavres prioritets

warmoadgenda saerTaSoriso doneze SeerTebuli Statebisa da evropis

politikuri da ekonomikuri mxardaWera da saerTaSoriso institutebTan

mWidro TanamSromloba; mTavari amocana ki nato-sa da evrokavSiris wevrobis

mopovebaa.” (64, 40)

dasavleTTan saqarTvelos integraciis Sansebis gazrdis

pirdapirproporciulad mZafrdeboda daZabuloba saqarTvelo-ruseTs Soris.

evrostruqturebsa da nato-Si saqarTvelos gawevrianebis perspeqtivas,

“wrTvnisa da aRWurvis programas”, baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis navTobsadens, Sah-

denizis gazsadens, jer prezident SevardnaZisa da Semdgom _ mixeil

saakaSvilis dasavlur aqcentebs “civi omis” msgavs viTarebaSi gadayavda

ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierToba.

pankisis xeoba da CeCeni “boevikebi” erT-erTi mTavari sababi iyo ruseT-

saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobis ukiduresad daZabvisTvis. 2001 wlis

damdegisTvis rusulma masmediam, romelmac safuZvliani ideologiuri niadagi

moumzada pankisSi CeCeni “boevikebis” likvidaciis sababiT Cveni qveynis

48

teritoriaze samxedro moqmedebis dawyebis albaTobas (risTvisac qarTuli

masmediac sakmao warmatebiT gamoiyena), saqarTvelo sainformacio alyaSi

moaqcia. rusul mediaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki iseTi gamocemebSi, rogoricaa

“trud” da “krasnaia zvezda”, rusi generlebi, ruseTis dumis warmomadgenlebi,

maRalCinosani saxelmwifo moxeleebi daufaravad saubroben ara mxolod

pankisis xeobaSi “teroristebis budis” ganadgurebis amocanaze, aramed, ufro

Sorsmimaval mizanzec _ rom saqarTvelo SeiZleba gaxdes “meore CeCneTi”.

am viTarebas kargad asaxavs moskovSi gazeT “dronis” sakuTari

korespondentis rusudan nikuraZis publikacia _ “ratom “gamoamwyvdia”

ruseTma teroristebi pankisis xeobaSi?” es masala imiTac aris sayuradRebo,

rom misi avtori kargad informirebuli da saqmis kursSi myofi Jurnalistia,

ruseTis saxelmwifo instanciebSi Sesabamisi akreditaciis mqone. “rusul

wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, boevikebis ganadgureba putins 2001 wlis gazafxulze

aqvs Cafiqrebuli da es operacia saqarTvelos teritoriaze Caivlis. ram

SeiZleba ixsnas saqarTvelo gardauvali omisagan? ruseTis masobrivi

informaciis eleqtronul saSualebebs Tu davujerebT, “savizo reJims im

dResve gaauqmeben, Tu ruseTs teroristebis ganadgurebaSi saqarTvelo

sakuTar teritoriaze xels ar SeuSlis”... ruseTis prezidentis

sruluflebiani warmomadgeneli samxreTis federalur olqSi viqtor

kazancevi acxadebs, rom “dRes saqarTvelos teritoriaze 3000 CeCeni

teroristi imyofeba da maT winaaRmdeg brZola zamTarSi dasruldeba”, _ wers

rusudan nikuraZe aRniSnul statiaSi. (144)

bunebrivia, rom, Sesabamisad, daZabuloba, gangaSis ganwyoba da omis

molodini igrZnoba qarTuli presis publikaciebSi da es is SemTxvevaa, roca

ver vityviT, rom Jurnalistebi sagangebod amwvaveben situacias. qarTveli

politologebi ar gamoricxaven ruseT-saqarTvelos Soris omis dawyebis

saSiSroebas. ramaz klimiaSvili, magaliTad, pankisSi natos jarebis CayenebaSi

xedavs gamosavals; winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, misi azriT, “ruseTis

specsamsaxurebi yvelafers gaakeTeben, rom boevikebi mTlianad gadmorekon

saqarTveloSi da Semdeg provokaciis mowyoba da konfliqtis gaCaReba mxolod

“teqnikis” saqmeRa iqneba... amiT rusebi CeCneTis problemasac moiSoreben da

saqarTvelos teritoriaze CeCneTis iseTive avtonomiis Seqmnac ar aris

gamoricxuli, rogoric samxreT oseTis saxiT Seiqmna, 100 wlis winaT osebiT

dausaxlebel teritoriaze.” (115) politologi gia nodia Tvlis, rom

saqarTvelo, sisustis miuxedavad, araviTar kompromisze ar unda wavides da

49

meored ar dauSvas saqarTvelos teritoriaze kavkasiis xalxebis meomruli

energiis gadmotana, iseve, rogorc afxazeTis SemTxvevaSi. (114)

aRsaniSnavia, rom evropasa da msoflioSi erT-erTi avtoritetuli da

gavleniani gazeTi “fainenSal Taimsi”, romelic im periodSi aqtiurad

dainteresda saqarTvelosa da zogadad kavkasiaSi arsebuli geopolitikuri

situaciiT, saqarTvelos urCevda evrokavSiris moxalise qveynebisagan swrafi

reagirebis Zalebi moeTxova ruseTis mosalodnel agresiasTan

gasamklaveblad. sxva saqmea, realurad ramdenad ganxorcielebadi da

mizanSewonili iyo da aris saqarTvelosTvis amgvari perspeqtiva, magram am

gazeTis publikaciebi CvenTvis upirvelesad imiT aris sayuradRebo, rom igi,

erTis mxriv, gulisxmobs saqarTvelos yofnas dasavleTis yuradRebis

arealSi, da meores mxriv, adasturebs, rom ruseTis agresiis safrTxe ar aris

mxolod saqarTvelos masmediis mier aJitirebuli Tema.

amave periods emTxveva ruseTis prezidentis viziti azerbaijanSi.

baqoSi putinis vizitis gaSuqebisas ucxouri sainformacio saSualebebi

yuradRebas amaxvilebdnen im faqtorze, rom am vizitisTvis prezidentma

putinma, romelic “maTraxiTa da TaflakveriT” apirebs azerbaijanis

dabrunebas ruseTis orbitaze, xelsayreli momenti SearCia; bolo xans

dasavleTi ukmayofiloa azerbaijaniT: evropeli da amerikeli diplomatebi

azerbaijans gamudmebiT adanaSaulebdnen adamianis uflebaTa darRvevaSi;

heidar alievis mier SvilisTvis Zalauflebis gadacemis ganzraxvac iwvevda

dasavleTis ukmayofilebas; nato-sTan azerbaijanis daaxloebis mcdelobamac

ver gamoiRo politikuri Sedegi; dasavleTi baqos yarabaxis sakiTxSi

somxeTisadmi mxardaWeraSic adanaSaulebs. amasTan, baqoSi vizitiT putinma

moaxdina demonstrireba imisa, rom kavkasia misTvis prioritetuli zonaa da am

regionSi kremlis interesebis gasatareblad SesaZloa arCeul iqnes swored

azerbaijani da ara saqarTvelo, romelTanac ukanasknel xans moskovma

urTierToba ver aawyo. rusul onlain-mediaSi baqoSi putinis vizits uwodeben

Wkuasaswavls “amerikasTan demonstraciulad damegobrebuli SevardnaZis

reJimisTvis”; ara mxolod Jurnalistebi fiqroben ase _ ruseTis dumis vice-

spikeri lukini am vizits “saqarTvelosadmi niSnismogebad” miiCnevs. saerTo

STabeWdilebiT, putins “kavkasiuri demarSi” umTavresad saqarTveloze

fsiqologiuri zemoqmedebisa da dasavleTSi misi mxardamWerebisTvis

kavkasiaSi ruseTis “Zveleburi gavlenis” demonstrirebisTvis hqonda

gaTvlili.

50

sagulisxmoa is faqti, rom qarTulma presam amjerad ar aitaca ruseTis

gamowveva da, Cveulebisamebr, myvirala sapirvelgverdo anSlagebad ar

gardaqmna. yvelaze mkveTri saTauri, romelic am vizits exmaureboda, gazeT

“dronis” pirvel gverdze iyo dabeWdili Cveulebrivi sasaTauro standartiT:

“amierkavkasiis geopolitikuri centri _ azerbaijani”; qvesaTauri _

“saqarTvelo, rogorc Cans, samTa Soris mesame adgilze CamoqveiTda”. (“droni”,

13 ianvari, 2001) gazeT ”rezonanss”, magaliTad, am vizitis konteqstSi

saqarTvelo arc uxsenebia. mesame gverdze gamoqveynebul informaciaSi (“putini

da alievi kaspiis zRvas iyofen”, 10 ianvari, 2001) mTeli aqcenti kaspiis

problemazea gadatanili. qarTuli presis uferul gamoxmaurebas putinis

xmaurian vizitze informaciis deficitiT ver avxsniT, radganac rusuli

onlain-media savse iyo vizitis amsaxveli masalebiTa Tu provokaciuli

xasiaTis publikaciebiT. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom am vizitis fonze, presas

sababi aRar hqonda saqarTvelosa da misi prezidentis negatiuri imijiT

warmodgenisaTvis. saqarTvelosTvis ruseTis prezidentis gverdis avlam

masmedias sababi aRar dautova “CrdiloeTidan amomavali mzisa” da

“ruseTisagan marTuli SevardnaZis” TemiT manipulirebisaTvis. SedarebisTvis

gavixsenebT, rom eduard SevardnaZis moqnili sagareo politika ruseTTan

mimarTebaSi (romelsac yvelaze radikaluri oponentebic ver uaryofdnen),

politikuri da Jurnalisturi bomondisTvis damoukideblobis dakargvis

safrTxesTan, ruseTis vasalobasTan asocirdeboda da am Temas wlebis

manZilze prezidentis imijze zemoqmedebisTvis iyenebdnen. rogorc Cans,

amjerad Jurnalistebma, romlebsac xSirad uxdebaT “ormagi standartiT”

moqmedeba, keTilgonivrulad gverdis avla amjobines saqarTvelosTan putinis

vizitis mimarTebisaTvis.

paralelurad, imave dReebSi, presaSi figurirebs ucxour presaze

dayrdnobiT momzadebuli publikaciebi, romlebic gamoxatavs saqarTveloTi

dasavleTis dainteresebas. “saqarTvelo am arastabilur regionSi SeerTebuli

Statebisa da dasavleTis sakvanZo mokavSirea, _ werda gavleniani amerikuli

gamocema “uol sTriT jornal”, _ ruseTi mezobel suverenul saxelmwifoSi

sakuTari Carevis sababs eZebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi ruseTs SeuZlia gamoacxados,

rom sakuTar teritorias icavs saqarTvelos teritoriidan moqmedi CeCeni

teroristebisagan. magram jerjerobiT saqarTvelo am ankess ar egeba...

prezidentma SevardnaZem rus samxedroebs ar misca saqarTvelos teritoriaze

operaciis Catarebis ufleba.” (159)

51

“saqarTvelo aris sasinji qva, romelic ruseT-amerikas Soris

urTierTobas gaarkvevs”, _ aRniSna saqarTvelos elCma aSS-Si Tedo jafariZem

saqarTvelos parlamentis sagareo urTierTobaTa komitetSi Sexvedrisas. misi

informaciiT, saqarTvelo TeTr saxlSi administraciis Secvlis areul

procesSic ar daviwyebiaT, magram elCma mianiSna, rom ”Tu saqarTvelos unda

ufro angariSgasawevi qveyana gaxdes, maSin Tavad unda gamoasworos Sida

politika.” (152)

aqve aRvniSnavT, rom erTi wlis Semdgom, 2002 wels, nugzar sajaias

tragikuli gardacvalebis Semdeg, uSiSroebis sabWos mdivnis Tanamdebobaze

Tedo jafariZis kandidaturis dasaxeleba politikosTa, eqspertTa da

JurnalistTa didma nawilma prezident eduard SevardnaZis prodasavluri

kursis afiSirebad miiCnia:

“jafariZis kandidaturis dasaxelebam parlamentarebi prezidentis

prodasavlur politikur orientaciaSi sabolood daarwmuna”.

(“rezonansi”, 07.03.2002).

“es daniSvna saqarTvelos sagareo kursis da ZiriTadi orientiris

xazgasma iyo. anu, SevardnaZem sabolood aiRo dasavluri kursi”. (“axali

Taoba”, 07.03.2002).

“mTavari fsoni aSS-Si elCze gakeTda da es ukve niSnavs imas, rom

saqarTvelom SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis periodSi ukve sabolood

gadawyvita sagareo kursSi dasavleTisTvis mieniWebina upiratesoba.”

(“axali Taoba”, 08.03.2002)

“batoni Tedo jafariZis gamoCena qarTul politikaSi dasavluri xazis

gagrZelebad SeiZleba miviCnioT.” (“alia”, 07.03.2002)

SedarebisTvis _ 2000 wlis miwuruls, saqarTvelosTan aSS-is axali

administraciis damokidebulebis rkvevis, savaluto fondis tranSis miReba-

armiRebis, ruseTTan ukiduresad gamwvavebuli urTierTobis fonze, masmedia

dasavleTisagan saqarTvelos mitovebas, qveynisa da piradad prezidentis

sagareo politikis, anu “SevardnaZis erTaderTi koziris” gabankrotebas

winaswarmetyvelebda.

saqarTvelos moqceva ruseT-amerikis strategiul interesebs Soris

presis intensiuri ganxilvis sagani gaxda saqarTveloSi maRalCinosani

amerikeli da rusi samxedroebis erTdrouli vizitebis sainformacio sababiT.

gazeTi “izvestia”-c ki werda, rom “ori qveynis samxedro delegaciebis viziti

saqarTvelos prioritetebze metyvelebs”.

52

TbilisSi ruseTisa da amerikis interesebis mkafio gadakveTam presa

aiZula am Temis gaSuqebisas, myvirala saTaurebisa da gamomwvevi Sefasebebis

nacvlad, met-naklebad zomieri toni aerCia. gazeTma ”aliamac” ki amjobina

Temaze _ “ruseTi Tu dasavleTi... iqneb neitraliteti?” _ sasaubrod

prezidentis mrCevel gela CarkvianisaTvis miemarTa da soliduri interviu

gamoeqveynebina. saqarTvelos geopolitikuri daZabulobis yvelaze mkveTr

momentebSi neitralitetis Tema TavisTavad Cndeba presaSi. amjerad, iseve

rogorc “aliam”, sxva gazeTebmac sagareo urTierTobebSi Caxedul

respondentebs mimarTes am Temis gasaSuqeblad.

gela Carkviani miiCnevs, rom “dRes saqarTvelo gamocxadebuli

neitralitetisTvis mzad ar aris”; saubari SeiZleba mxolod samxedro

neitralitetze, anu, saqarTvelo arc erT blokSi ar unda iyos CarTuli. (167)

saparlamento fraqcia “moqalaqeTa kavSiris” Tavmjdomare revaz adamiac

fiqrobs, rom saqarTvelosTvis neitraliteti SeuZlebelia im pirobebSi,

romelSic Cven vcxovrobT. igi momxrea, rom saqarTvelo nato-Si

gawevrianebisaken miiswrafodes, vinaidan es marTlac realuri usafrTxoebiTi

qolgaa saqarTvelosTvis”. (123)

gansxvavebuli pozicia aqvs parlamentis dsT-s qveynebTan urTierTobis

qvekomitetis Tavmjdomares, irakli gogavas: “neitraliteti regionaluri

usafrTxoebis arqiteqturis yvelaze kargi modelia. am SemTxvevaSi, samxreT

kavkasia iqneba warmodgenili erTgvari mSvidobiani buferis saxiT or,

istoriulad dapirispirebul Zalas Soris, rogoricaa ruseTi da TurqeTi.”

(122)

saintereso mosazrebebs aviTarebs “dilis gazeTis” mimomxilveli vano

gamgebeli. misi azriT, rus politolog-analitikosTa mtkicebas, TiTqosda

saqarTvelos neitraliteti ver uzrunvelyofs ruseTis usafrTxoebas

CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi, sinamdvileSi sul sxva mizezi aqvs _ moskovs acofebs is

realoba, rom pirvelad 200 wlis ganmavlobaSi CeCnebma zurgs ukan

“araruseTi” igrZnes. ruseTi planetis masStabiT veRar CaiTvleba aSS-is

(dasavleTis) metoqed, magram postsabWoTa sivrceSi maT daaxloebiT Tanabari

gavlena aqvT, ruseTi SeiZleba aWarbebdes kidec. “neitraliteti Zalian did

Zalas gulisxmobs da moiTxovs. SesaZloa, saqarTvelosTvis amgvari statusi

xelsayrelic iyos, magram Cvens regionSi “neitraluri saqarTvelo” aRiqmeba

rogorc buferi or poluss Soris, amas ki arc erTi maTgani ar dauSvebs.” (92)

neitralitetze msjelobisas analogiur daskvnas akeTebs gazeT

“meridianis” mimomxilveli zviad arabuli: “saqarTvelos neitraliteti

53

mxolod im SemTxvevaSi iqneboda SesaZlebeli, Tu igi daefuZneboda erTgvar

politikur SeTanxmebas, an “geopolitikur ZalTa balanss” _ regionSi moqmedi

yvela didi saxelmwifos interesTa “paturi” Tanafardobis (saWadrako

terminiT) realobas. aseTi realoba ki ar arsebobs da albaT aRarc iarsebebs

uaxloes istoriul perspeqtivaSi.” (zviad arabuli, “neitraliteti Tu nato?”,

“meridiani”, 14 Tebervali, 2001).

neitralitetis Temas ase vrclad sagangebod SevexeT ramdenime mizezis

gamo: jer erTi, ase kompaqturad, erTbaSad ramdenime gazeTSi am Temis gaSla

saanalizo periodSi sxva dros ar gvxvdeba; meorec, aq moxmobili citatebidan

da sxva publikaciebidanac, Cans, rom Temis warmoSobas raime konkretuli

safuZveli ara aqvs; garda amisa, saqarTvelos neitraliteti amjerad ufro

ararealistur perspeqtivad aris warmodgenili, vidre wina wlebSi am Temaze

msjelobisas (gansakuTrebiT, gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebSi); Tanac,

saqarTveloSi amerikeli da rusi samxedroebis erTdrouli vizitebi, romelTa

sainformacio sababiTac moxda neitralitetis Temis inicireba presaSi,

faqtobrivad, mediisTvis daxuruli Tema iyo. yovelive es gvafiqrebinebs, rom

aseT unisonSi neitralitetis Temis warmodgena presaSi garkveuli taqtika

iyo, romlis ganxorcilebisas presa, SesaZloa, garkveul amocanasac

asrulebda _ an saxelmwifoebrivs, an _ sruliad sawinaaRmdegos. (am

SemTxvevaSi varaudis ufro dakonkretebis safuZvels arc presa gvaZlevs, arc

kompetencia da arc sadisertacio naSromis formati).

ruseT-saqarTvelos ukiduresad daZabuli urTierTobis pirobebSi

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda am ori qveynis prezidentTa Sexvedras,

romelic, rogorc iqna, Sedga 2001 wlis 30 noembers. misi Sedegebis

Sefasebisas radikalurad gansxvavebuli iyo e.w. oficiozi da danarCeni

masmedia.

gazeT “saqarTvelos respublikis” SefasebiT, “saqarTvelo-ruseTis

“grili urTierToba” axal fazaSi, imedi viqonioT, daTbobis fazaSi Sevida...

es aris Semobrunebis dasawyisi. es ar aris raRac axali etapi, magram rodesac

saqarTvelo-ruseTis xelSekruleba momzaddeba da mas xels movawerT, maSin ki

axali urTierTobis mSenebloba daiwyeba.” (154)

Tavad prezidentma eduard SevardnaZem, putinTan pirispir Sexvedras

“ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobebSi Semobrunebis dasawyisi” uwoda,

diplomatiurad gaamarTla putinis mkvaxe da uceremonio pasuxi pankisis

incidentis Taobaze da erTgvari kmayofilebac ki gamoTqva misdami ruseTis

prezidentis piradi damokidebulebis gamo. vizitis Semdgom, saqarTvelos

54

prezidentis orSabaTis tradiciul radiointerviuSi, putinTan Sexvedras ukve

“saqarTvelo-ruseTs Soris TanamSromlobis didi gardatexis etapis

dasawyisis” Sefaseba mieca: am Sexvedris gamoZaxili iyo “moqalaqeTa kavSiris”

yrilobaze prezidentis mier kategoriulad naTqvami: “mezobels veravin

Segvicvlis, ruseTTan unda vimezobloT!”

saqarTvelos prezidentisa da oficiozis optimizmi ver gaiziares

damoukidebelma telearxebma da presam.

“dilis gazeTma” eduard SevardnaZis pozicias “sasurvelis sinamdviled

gasaReba” uwoda: “gaugebaria raSi dasWirda SevardnaZes moskovSi misi

stumrobis mxolod erTi rakursiT warmodgena da mifuCeCeba imisa, ramac Cveni

sazogadoeba dazafra da gaaogna, anu putiniseul braldebebze wayrueba...

prezidenti xom, amasTan, saxelmwifos suverenitetis garantia! amitom, kidev

erTxel gvinda gavimeoroT _ rodesac saxelmwifos Rirsebas laxaven,

pirvelma albaT swored misma prezidentma unda aimaRlos xma da datuqsuli

bavSviviT TavCaRunuli ar unda ijdes.” (86)

gazeTebis: “rezonansis”, “axali versiisa” da “alias” SefasebiT,

moskovuri voiaJi saqarTvelosTvis warumatebeli iyo:

“rusul-qarTul urTierTobebSi tradiciuli scenari gaTamaSda _

moskovma Tbiliss kidev erTxel dauqnia TiTi. moskovSi Casuli

SevardnaZe, romelsac qveyana rusulma TviTmfrinavebma swored

saiubileo TariRis wina dRes daubombes, morCilad ismenda prezident

putinis sabraldebo sityvas... sagulisxmoa, rom or qveyanas Soris

urTierTobis gajansaRebas mxolod ramdenime adamiani, prezidenti

SevardnaZe, vaxtang rCeuliSvili, vladimer gudevi da kidev ramdenime

qarTveli maRalCinosani amCnevs. politikosTa da eqspertTa umravlesoba

ki miiCnevs, rom saqarTvelo saomar mdgomareobaSia da ruseTis agresia,

SesaZloa, nebismier dros ganmeordes.” (104)

“SevardnaZesa da putins Soris gamarTuli Sexvedra ruseTis axalgazrda

prezidentis gamarjvebiT dasrulda. saqarTvelos prezidenti, romelic

ruseTs rusuli TviTmfrinavebiT saqarTvelos dabombvis Semdeg estumra,

teroristebisa da narkobaronebis mfarvelobaSi dadanaSaules.” (109)

“tradiciul brifingze prezidenti uzomod karg xasiaTze iyo. Tumca,

gaugebaria, warumatebeli moskovuri voiaJis Semdeg ra acinebda mas?

kremlis axalma mepatronem qoSi ukuRma yara _ ra dabombva, ris

dabombvao. prezident SevardnaZes xmac ar amouRia. rusuli masmedia mas

Semdeg saqarTvelos dascinis da amasxaravebs.” (129)

55

amgvar fonze konstruqciuli iyo gazeT “dronis” moskoveli

korespondentis mier momzadebuli publikacia, romelic sagulisxmo daskvniT

mTavrdeba: “putin-SevardnaZis sajaro, sityvieri paeqrobis miuxedavad, rusi

damkvirveblebi aRniSnaven, rom “saqarTvelo gadaurCa ruseTTan realur

konfrontacias”. ruseT-saqarTvelos Soris axali urTierTobebis Camoyalibeba

SevardnaZis epoqis dasasruls daemTxveva.” (145)

am Sexvedram damatebiTi stimuli misca qarTuli politikuri speqtris

Cveul debatebs dasavleT-CrdiloeTis Temaze. magaliTad, ruseTis faqtori,

telekompania “pirveli arxis” pirdapir eTerSi, “ganxeTqilebis vaSlad” iqca

parlamentarebis _ gia baramiZisa (“moqkavSiri”) da jemal gogitiZisTvis

(“aRorZineba”); jemal gogitiZem ruseTTan “aRorZinebis”, aslan abaSiZisa da,

saerTod, aWaris damokidebulebas, realisturi uwoda; am poziciis

sapirispiro da kategoriuli iyo gia baramiZis Sefaseba _ ruseTze didi mteri

saqarTvelos ar hyavs, Tqven ki mas dauweqiTo.

qarTvelma socialistebma da maTma liderma vaxtang rCeuliSvilma

gaaaqtiures TavianTi rusuli orientaciis afiSireba. vaxtang rCeuliSvilis

Tvalsazrisi aseTia: “Tu ruseTTan ar gamosworda urTierToba, TurqeTis

guberniad gadaviqceviT. me arc TurqeTis gubernioba minda, arc ruseTis, minda

saqarTvelo gaxdes evropis Rirseuli wevri da amaSi, rogorc TurqeTi, aseve

ruseTic unda dagvexmaros. dRes, roca putini Semotrialda saqarTvelosaken,

gaCnda winapiroba, rom aRvadginoT ruseTTan urTierToba, am dros xels

gviSlian Cveni, qarTveli politikosebi, vinc gvRupavdnen da dResac ruseTTan

civi omis politikas atareben”. (146)

SevardnaZe-putinis Sexvedris Sedegebs gulisxmobda, upirveles yovlisa,

sagareo saqmeTa ministri irakli menaRariSvili, roca 2001 wlis Sefasebisas

erT-erT mTavar Sedegad ruseTTan urTierTobis daregulireba, movlenebis

negatiuri ganviTarebis SeCereba miiCnia. (t/k “I arxi”, “me-9 arxi”, 4-6 ianvris

sainformacio programebi, 2002)

2001-dan 2002-isken gardamavali periodi gardamtexi etapi iyo CrdiloeT-

dasavleTs Soris lavirebis (met-naklebi warmatebiT) dasrulebisa da erTi

konkretuli veqtorisTvis prioritetis miniWebis procesisTvis. 2002 wlis

gazafxulze SeerTebulma Statebma daiwyo saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli

ZalebisaTvis “wrTvnisa da aRWurvis” mravalmilioniani programis

ganxorcieleba. 2002 wlis noemberSi, nato-s praRis samitze, saqarTvelom

oficialurad ganacxada Tavisi survili _ gamxdariyo nato-s wevri.

saqarTveloSi daiwyo regularuli samxedro varjiSebis Catareba nato-s

56

programis _ “partnioroba mSvidobisaTvis” farglebSi, aSS-sa da TurqeTis

daxmareba samxedro teqnikiT, evrokavSiris mier ganxorcielebuli teqnikuri

daxmarebis programebi da a.S.

am procesebs win uZRoda 2001 wlis dekemberSi aSS-is Tavdacvis

ministris, ramsfeldis viziti saqarTveloSi. es faqti presisTvisac erTgvari

signali gaxda imisaTvis, rom maqsimaluri TavSekaveba gamoeCinaT da

moridebodnen radikalur Sefasebebs. amjerad Jurnalistebi pozitiur

kontestSi aqceven prezidentis lavirebis politikas da Tavadac cdiloben

mozomili komentarebiT Semoifarglon. “saqarTvelos xelisufleba ecdeba,

moqmedebis iseTi taqtika airCios, rom arc mwvadi dawvas da arc Samfuri.

savaraudod, Tavdacvis ministrTan (ramsfeldTan _ l.k.) Sexvedris dros

qarTuli mxare ecdeba, raketsawinaaRmdego Tavdacvis sistemidan aSS-is

gamosvlis Sefasebisas zomieri iyos da ruseTis gaRizianeba ar gamoiwvios...

maRalCinosani amerikelis saqarTveloSi viziti, eqspertebis azriT, Seanelebs

im agresias, rac, SesaZloa, ruseTma kavkasiis regionis mimarT gamoavlinos”, _

werda gazeTi “rezonansi.” (105)

vizitis gaSuqebisas gazeTi “kviris palitra” yuradRebas amaxvilebs ara

mxolod qarTuli, aramed amerikuli mxaris TavSekavebul poziciaze:

“SevardnaZem erTgvari reveransi mainc gaakeTa putinis misamarTiT (ramsfelds

ruseTze krintic ar dauZravs, miuxedavad imisa, rom komentari sTxoves

ruseTis aviaciis mier saqarTvelos teritoriis dabombvis Sesaxeb) da brZana:

“miuxedavad imisa, rom putinma Secdoma uwoda vaSingtonis gadawyvetilebas

raketsawinaaRmdego xelSekrulebidan gasvlasTan dakavSirebiT, putinis

gamosvla stabilurobis garantiebis samarTlebrivi bazis Seqmnaze iyo

aqcentirebuli, rac xels Seuwyobs aSS-ruseTis TanamSromlobaso”. (142)

am periodidan moyolebuli saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobis

peripetiebi qarTul masmediaSi TiTqmis aRar ganixileba amerikasTan

mimarTebis gareSe. Tu wina wlebSi politikosebis, saerTod, sazogadoebisa da,

Sesabamisad, Jurnalistebis aqcenti ori ukiduresobiT xasiaTdeboda _ ruseTi

an dasavleTi, es tendencia presaSi TandaTan Seicvala urTierTmimarTebiT _

saqarTvelo aSS-isa da ruseTis interesebs Soris. es zogadi tendencia, ra

Tqma unda, ar gamoricxavs am tipis radikalur Sexedulebebs: erTis mxriv,

rusuli safrTxis metismetad gazviadebas da ruseTis arealSi darCenis

warmodgenas gardauval aucileblobad; meores mxriv, amerikuli

yovlisSemZleobis gafetiSebas. masmediaSi ufro da ufro mkveTrad

warmoCindeba tendencia, rom dasavleT-saqarTvelos urTierTdaintereseba

57

kvlavindeburad Zabavs saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobebs da es daZabuloba

dasavleTTan saqarTvelos integraciis Sansebis gazrdis

pirdapirproporciulad mZafrdeba.

2002 wlis ivlis-agvistoSi, ruseTis provokaciebisa da mosalodneli

agresiis safrTxis gaSuqebisas, qarTul presaSi arsebiTi cvlilebebi gaCnda _

imata Jurnalisturma gansjam da analizma, movlenebs Soris urTierTkavSiris

dadgenisa da poziciebis Sejerebis mcdelobam; SesamCnevad gamkveTrda aqcenti

saxelmwifoebriv interesze. am TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa

gazeTi “rezonansi”, romelmac, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT erT-erT qveTavSi,

mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula “wrTvnisa da aRWurvis” programisa da

Crdiloatlantikuri orientaciisaTvis saTanado sainformacio fonis

Sesaqmnelad (igive SeiZleba iTqvas 2002 wlis maisSi daarsebul gazeT “24

saaTzec, romelic, saerTod, gamoirCeva dasavlur liberalur Rirebulebebze

orientaciiT).

“rezonansis” wamyvani Jurnalisti eliso CafiZe “morige redaqtoris

svetSi” mkafiod gamoxatavs Tavisi da redaqciis pozicias putinis mier

saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mimarT gakeTebuli mkacri gancxadebis gamo:

“ruseTis prezidentis gancxadebaSi faruli muqara JRerda, man qarTveli

xalxi da xelisufleba gamijna. keTili xalxi, boroti xelisufleba... am

gancxadebidan saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo gadatrialebis organizebamde didi

ruseTis Cekistur organoebs erTi nabijiRa aSorebT... amxanag putinis

gasagonad unda iTqvas, rom ramdenadac cudi xelisufleba unda gvyavdes, misi

lanZRva saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis prerogativaa. saqarTvelos prezidenti

ruseTis prezidentis gasalanZRi ar aris.” (165)

Jurnalisturi aqcenti ruseTis prezidentis farul muqaraze

adekvaturia im realuri safrTxisa, rac presaSi pirdapir iwodeba omis

safrTxed. “saqarTvelo da ruseTi omis zRvarze” (“alia”, 01.08.2002), “ruseTi

saqarTveloSi oms iwyebs” (“qronika”, 05.08.2002) _ publikaciaTa amgvari

saTaurebi, wina periodebisagan gansxvavebiT, amjerad ar aris utrirebuli;

pankisis sababiT saqarTveloze ruseTis galaSqrebis ritorika gacilebiT

ufro Zlieri iyo im periodis rusul sainformacio sivrceSi, vidre 2001 wlis

damdegs. niSandoblivia, rom 2001 wels, saqarTveloSi mosalodneli rusuli

agresiis Temaze msjelobisas, oficialuri moskovis pozicia Riad ar

fiqsirdeboda, saqarTvelos teritoriis morigi dabombvis SemTxvevaSi ki

Cndeboda bundovani miniSneba rusi maRalCinosani samxedroebis TviTneburi

moqmedebis Taobaze. amjerad qarTul masmedias aRar dasWirda “ori ruseTis”

58

Temaze msjeloba, radgan oficialuri ruseTis pozicia “Savi generlebis”

TvalTaxedvas daemTxva:

“ruseTis Tavdacvis ministrma sergei ivanovma xmamaRla ganacxada, rom

pankisis xeobis problema mxolod Zalismieri meTodebiT gadawydeba.

“yelSi amomivida uazro molaparakebebi saqarTvelos xelisuflebasTan,

_ ambobs iavanovi, _ pankisSi Cven uaxloes dReebSi “specnazs” SeviyvanT.”

(“xvalindeli dRe”, 31.07.2002)

putinis mrCeveli sergei iastrJembski: “qarTvelebma pankisis xeoba

“praxadnoi dvorad” aqcies da, droa, amas erTxel da samudamod daesvas

wertili.” (“xvalindeli dRe”, 31.07.2002)

qarTuli presis publikaciebSi (romlebic, arsebiTad, emyareba rusuli

mediis masalebs) koncentrirebulia pankisis problemasTan dakavSirebiT orive

mxaris _ ruseTisa da saqarTvelos pozicia:

oficialuri moskovi pankisSi operaciis Catarebas ki aRar iTxovs,

aramed moiTxovs; oficialuri ruseTi aSS-s sTxovs mxardaWeras saqarTveloSi

antiteroristuli operaciis Casatareblad _ saqarTvelom xom, bolos da

bolos, aRiara CeCeni boevikebis arseboba; ruseTis federaciis sabWo mzad

aris Sesabamisi operaciisTvis nebis dasarTavad, xolo sahaero-sadesanto

jarebi da maTi sardali mxolod brZanebas elodebian specoperaciis

dasawyebad; oficialuri ruseTis pozicias eTanxmeba CeCneTis mTavrobis

Tavmjdomare, romelic SesaZleblad miiCnevs boevikTa saqarTvelos

teritoriaze ganadgurebas; rac mTavaria, ruseTs ukve Semzadebuli aqvs

sazogadoebrivi azri, romelic formulasaviT yalibdeba rusul mediaSi

gaCenil aseT mosazrebaSi: “amerikis gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom terorizmTan

brZolis dros erovnuli sazRvrebi suverenuli aRar aris.”

saqarTvelos xelisufleba jerjerobiT ruseTs uZaliandeba da pankisis

xeobaSi samxedro operaciis Catarebis uflebas ar aZlevs da, Tavis mxriv,

ruseTs adanaSaulebs CeCeni mebrZolebis iaraRiT momaragebaSi.

arsebiTi gansxvaveba ruseTisa da saqarTvelos

urTierTdadanaSaulebisas is aris, rom ruseTi Tavis pozicias faqtebiT

amyarebs, saqarTvelos mxare ki, rogorc presa wers, “faqtebs sapnis buStiviT

uSvebs xelidan”; oficialuri Tbilisi xSirad urTierTgamomricxav

informaciebs avrcelebs, erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegeba Zalovani uwyebebis

komentarebic.

paralelurad, “qarTul safrTxes”, romelic musirebda ruseTis

sainformacio saSualebSi, afxazeTSi rusuli samxedro Zalebis

59

koncentrirebiTa da daqiravebul Crdilokavkasiel “moxaliseTa” gaaqtiurebiT

upasuxes (iseve, rogorc 2001 wlis oqtomber-noemberSi da 2001 wlis aprilSi).

qarTul mediaSi gaCnda informacia, rom, amjerad, “moxaliseTa” raodenoba

orjer metia, vidre afxazeTis omis dros; amave dros, tyvarCelSi afxazur-

osuri erToblivi wrTvnebisTvisac emzadebian... anu, rogorc yovelTvis,

movlenebis ukidures gamwvavebas pankisis sababiT, Tan daerTo afxazeTis

koziris amoqmedeba _ ori fronti erTdroulad, politikuri, ekonomikuri da

socialuri faqtorebis maqsimaluri gamwvavebis TanxlebiT.

am fonze qarTveli Jurnalistebi TavianT xelisuflebas ruseTisaTvis

adekvaturi pasuxis gaucemlobaSi adanaSauleben, Tumc, ukve saqarTvelos

mxridanac iqmneba movlenebisaTvis saxelis darqmevis oficialuri precendenti.

“ufrosi Zmis roli, romelsac SeuZlia umcross yovelTvis TavSi urtyas,

miuRebelia. amas aravin aitans da arc Cven vapirebT,” _ amgvarad gamoxata

oficialuri pozicia, ruseTis samxedro TviTmfrinavebis mier pankisis xeobis

teritoriis dabombvasTan da SemdgomSi ruseTis xelisuflebis reaqciasTan

dakavSirebiT, saqarTvelos prezidentis pres-mdivanma kaxa imnaZem,

specialurad gamarTul brifingze, _ “rodesac es uzarmazari samxedro

manqana, romelic ruseTs aqvs, ver axerxebs wesrigis damyarebas sakuTar

teritoriaze, maT isRa darCeniaT gantevebis vaci moZebnon, an Seqmnan mtris

xati. yovel SemTxvevaSi aSkarad cdiloben, rom aseT mtris xatad warmoCindes

saqarTvelo, rogorc mizezi ruseTis yvela ubedurebisa. magram es aris maTi

WeSmariteba, romelsac kategoriulad ar eTanxmeba mTeli civilizebuli

msoflio.” (155)

prezidentma, eduard SevardnaZem, tradiciul radiointerviuSi mkafiod

gamoxata pankisis problemis arsi: “is, rac xeobaSi xdeba, saqarTvelos

arCevani ar yofila da pankisis problemam ki ar ganapiroba CeCneTis

movlenebi, aramed, piriqiT, CeCneTSi arsebulma viTarebam ganapiroba

mdgomareobis garTuleba pankisSi”; xolo masmediisTvis gamarTul tradiciul

brifingze _ saqarTvelos mtkice pozicia: “pankisis problema xelovnurad aris

Seqmnili. Cven es problema Tavs mogvaxvies. axla saqarTvelos aqvs

SesaZlebloba rom pankisis problema damoukideblad gadawyvitos. gadavwyvetT

kidec. migvaCnia, rom ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebis samxedro Careva dauSvebelia

da arc davuSvebT.”B(156)

ruseTis “sagareo politikis nacionaluri laboratoriis” internet-

saitze ganTavsebul analitikur masalaSi (“politikuri situacia

saqarTveloSi”) ruseTTan mimarTebaSi saqarTvelos poziciis gamyareba

60

amerikis mxardaWeris faqtorTanaa dakavSirebuli: “aSS-sTan samxedro

TanamSromlobis faqtma mkveTrad aamaRla qarTuli elitis TviTSefaseba da

ubiZga mas rusul-qarTuli urTierTobis Segnebuli gamwvavebisaken.

SemTxveviTi ar iyo, rom boris pastuxovTan Sexvedrisas prezidentma

SevardnaZem ruseTis warmomadgenels mkveTri SekiTxva dausva: “Tqven ver

xvdebiT, vis winaaRmdeg waxvediT?” (58)

gazeTma “rezonansma”, saqarTvelos sagareo da saSinao problemebTan

ruseT-aSS/dasavleTis interesebis mimarTeba mravalmxriv gaaanaliza ara

mxolod agvistos, aramed mogvianebiT ganviTarebuli movlenebis konteqstSi.

magaliTad, ruseTis mier saqarTvelosaTvis Tavisi sahaero sivrcis

gadaketvasa da Semotevebis morig gaaqtiurebas “rezonansi” akavSirebs

saqarTveloSi aSS-is kongresmenebis stumrobasTan (romelTa vizitis mizani

saqarTvelosTvis aSS-is mTavrobis Tanadgomis oficialuri dadastureba iyo)

da baqo-Tbilisi jeihanis milsadenis mSeneblobis dawyebis Taobaze saboloo

gadawyvetilebis miRebasTan: “arsebobs informacia rom ruseTis

specsamsaxurebi aqtiurad “averbovkeben” qarTvel samxedroebs, muSaoben

politikur partiebSi... maTive xelSewyobiT xdeba religiuri dapirispirebisa

da egzaltirebuli politikuri gancxadebebis aJitireba. dRes saqarTvelom

unda gadadgas Zalian frTxili da gonivruli nabijebi imisaTvis, rom am

TamaSidan mogebuli gamovides.” (169)

gazeT “rezonansTan” interviuSi, saqarTvelos navTobis saerTaSoriso

korporaciis prezidenti giorgi Wanturia varaudobs, rom navTobsadenis

mSeneblobis dawyebis gamo “ruseTis mxridan saqarTveloze zewola kidev

ufro gaizrdeba”: “iciT, ratom bombavs ruseTi saqarTvelos? ruseTma Zalian

kargad icis, rom saqarTvelo aris yvelaze centraluri da gadamwyveti

teritoria dRes geopolitikurad, socialurad, politikurad, strategiulad,

razec gadis ara marto energoderefani, aramed gadis msoflio RerZi”; “Cven

ruseTs veubnebiT, rom es ar aris marto aRmosavleT-dasavleTis derefani. es

aris CrdiloeT-samxreTis derefanic.” (119)

rogorc aRvniSneT, 2002 wlis noemberSi, nato-s praRis samitze,

saqarTvelom oficialurad ganacxada Tavisi survili _ gamxdariyo nato-s

wevri. 11 oqtombers, parlamentSi prezident eduard SevardnaZis moxsenebis

msvlelobisas, darbazi erToblivad, protestulad datoves fraqciebma da

politpersonebma, romlebic presam pirobiTad gaaerTiana saerTo

saxelwodebiT _ “demarSistebi”. xuTi saparlamento fraqciisTvis

(“gaerTianebuli demokratebi”, “nacionaluri moZraoba”, “axali memarjveneebi”,

61

“tradicionalistebi” da “axali afxazeTi”) miuRebeli aRmoCnda prezidentis

saangariSo gamosvla, romelmac, opozicionerTa mtkicebiT, “qveynisaTvis arc

erT saWirboroto kiTxvas ar gasca pasuxi.” imave dRes oTxma opoziciurma

fraqciam erToblivi preskonferencia gamarTa da sazogadoebas amcno, rom

amieridan maTi mizani “saqarTveloSi dRes arsebul politikur

mmarTvelobasTan erToblivi brZola gaxdeba.” presaSi meore dResve gaCnda

mosazrebebi, rom es aqcia spontanuri ar yofila; “rezonansi” werda:

“nacionalebis” warmomadgeneli vano merabiSvili ar malavs, rom opoziciur

fraqciaTa gaerTianeba SevardnaZis xelisuflebis damxobisaTvis moxda.”

(“rezonansi”, 19.10.2002) politikosTa erTi nawili da, Sesabamisad, presa,

demarSs rusuli interesis gamoxatvad miiCnevs, mediaSi isev Cndeba terminebi:

“mexuTe kolona”, “saSemodgomo destabilizacia”, “qaosi”, “areuloba” da a.S.

zogan miniSnebiTa da qveteqstebiT, zogan ki pirdapir, opoziciis qmedeba nato-

sTan saqarTvelos mimarTebasa da saerTaSoriso energetikuli proeqtebis

TemasTan dakavSirda: “noemberSi saqarTvelom nato-Si SesvlasTan

dakavSirebiT ganacxadi unda gaakeTos. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom opoziciis

nabijma istoriuli gadawyvetilebis miRebas SeuSalos xeli”; “rac Seexeba

nato-Si gawevrianebas, misdami xelis SeSlas adgili eqneba, magram ara imdenad,

ramdenadac navTobsadenis sakiTxis gamo.” (“rezonansi”, 12 oqtomberi, 22

oqtomberi, 2002).

*

“vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg qarTul da ucxour mediaSi

ganviTarebuli sagareo aqcentebi, saerTo jamSi, amgvar formulirebebamde

daiyvaneba: saqarTvelos gamo aSS-sa da ruseTs Soris, SesaZloa, civi omi

daiwyos; ruseTs ar surs saqarTvelos gamo aSS-sTan Sejaxeba; aSS

saqarTvelos gamo ruseTTan urTierTobas ar daZabavs; vaSingtonica da

moskovic dainteresebulebi arian, rom saqarTvelos aacilon qaosSi CaZirva

da destabilizacia; saqarTveloSi aSS-is interesi _ demokratiaa, ruseTis _

arastabiluroba; aSS mxars uWers burjanaZis models _ saqarTvelo-aSS-

ruseTis samkuTxedis Seqmnis Sesaxeb, romelSic partniorebi

Tanasworuflebiani iqnebian; ruseTi saqarTvelosTan urTierTobaSi

“samkuTxedebis” da Suamavlebis winaaRmdegia.

mas Semdeg, rac prezident SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis dros saqarTvelo

deklarirebulad adga dasavlur kurss, iRebda aSS-is samxedro Tu ekonomikur

daxmarebasa da mxardaWeras; amasTan, iyo dsT-is wevri saxelmwifo da

arasodes uaryofda ruseTis faqtors, RerZi _ saqarTvelo-aSS-ruseTi (an _

62

piriqiT) yovelTvis iyo realuri da aqtualuri. am viTarebas yvelaze kargad

gamoxatavs londoneli analitikosis sityvebi: “qarTvelebi ukve didi xania

mieCvivnen, rom maT amerikelebi anebivreben da rusebi aSineben, maTi

xelmZRvaneloba ki erTsac aqezebs da meoresac.” (“svobodnaia gruzia”,

06.12.2003)

ruseTis interesma saqarTvelosTvis yvelaze kritikul momentSic ki

iCina Tavi: “gamalebuli konsultaciebis dros, roca saqarTveloSi

xelisuflebis Secvlamde sul raRac ori saaTi rCeboda, ivanovma or qveyanas

Soris CarCo-xelSekrulebis aucileblobaze gaamaxvila yuradReba”, _ werda

“mTavari gazeTi”. (“mTavari gazeTi”, 25.11.2003) gansxvavebiT aSS-is poziciisagan,

ruseTis prezidentma SeSfoTeba gamoTqva imis gamo, rom saqarTveloSi

xelisuflebis Secvla eduard SevardnaZeze Zlieri zewolis Sedegad moxda

da, amasTan, demonstratiulad ganacxada, rom SevardnaZe diqtatori arasodes

yofila. rogorc Cans, am gancxadebis miRma ikiTxeba damokidebuleba im

procesebis mimarT, romelmac saqarTveloSi xelisuflebis Secvla moaxdina

ruseTis primatis gareSe. sagareo saqmeTa ministris, igor ivanovis

warmogzavna saqarTveloSi upirvelesad amave konteqstSi jdeba _ ruseTma

daafiqsira Tavisi mniSvneloba saqarTveloSi, anu is, rom mis gareSe am

qveyanaSi araferi xdeba. es iyo Zalze mniSvnelovani mesiji, erTdroulad

orientirebuli sakuTriv saqarTvelosa da dasavleTzec. presis analiziT

ikveTeba, rom ruseTis faqtori momaval saprezidento da saparlamento

arCevnebze, dasavleTis ZalisxmeviT, minimumamde unda Semcirebuliyo; rom

amisaTvis, evropuli ojaxi da aSS, arc finansebs daiSureben da arc sxva

saxis daxmarebas. paralelurad, presaSi ikveTeba “rusuli faqtoris” sxvagvari

gavlena _ tradiciulad, pirdapir Tu iribad, “rusul xelwerasTan”

kavSirdeba “dinamikuri qaosis” Seqmnis mcdeloba, romlis ganxorcieleba

eWvqveS daayenebs “vardebis revoluciis” monapovars da, elementarulad,

CaSlis arCevnebs. rogorc “mTavari gazeTi” aRniSnavs, “rusul veb-gverdebze,

jer kidev SevardnaZis gadadgomamde ganTavsebul statiebSi, saqarTveloSi

arsebuli konfliqtis saakaSvili-burjanaZe-Jvanias sasargeblod gadawyveta

ruseTisTvis yvelaze nakleb sasargeblo scenarad aris Sefasebuli.” (“mTavari

gazeTi”, 25.11.2003)

sagulisxmoa rusuli mediis aqcentebi saqarTvelos daSlis

SesaZleblobis Taobaze: “radikali nacionalebisa” da maTi lideris, mixeil

saakaSvilis xelisuflebaSi mosvlis SemTxvevaSi gardauvalia SeiaraRebuli

konfliqti aWarasTan; TbilisSi xelisuflebis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi aWaris

63

sazRvrebis Caketvis muqara am regionis saqarTvelosagan gamoyofis pirveli

simptomia; javaxeTSi dasaxlebul somxebTan SevardnaZeEaxerxebda saerTo enis

gamonaxvas, qarTveli radikalebis nacionaluri gancxadebebi ki maT aSinebT.

somxebTan SesaZlo Setakeba, samxedro bazebis faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT,

konfliqtSi ruseTis CarTvis winapirobas Seqmnis; TbilisSi nacionaluri

opoziciis xelisuflebaSi mosvlis SemTxvevaSi, afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis

konfliqtebis mogvarebis SesaZlebloba kidev didi xniT gadaiwevs ukan.

prezidentis rangSi saakaSvilis gamoCena “araRiarebuli qveynebis”

xelmZRvanelobas aiZulebs kidev erTxel wamoayenon ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi

maTi Seyvanis sakiTxi. saSiSi precendentis Seqmnis sababiT, ruseTi iZulebuli

iqneba maT uariT upasuxos. kremlis mxridan sxvanair reaqcias im SemTxvevaSi

unda velodoT, Tu Tbilisi aSkara antirusul kampanias wamoiwyebs. rusuli

internet-gamocemebi xelisuflebaSi saakaSvilis mosvlas ukavSireben

urTierTobis mosalodnel gauaresebas mezobel qveynebTan _ azerbaijansa da

somxeTTan. somxeTTan dakavSirebiT rusuli mediis aqcenti kidev ufro

mkveTria _ Tu qarTveli radikalebi somxeTs blokadas gamoucxadeben,

ruseTis mokavSire qveyanas ekonomikuri kolafsi elis. “dilis gazeTi”

aqveynebs rusuli Jurnalis, “itogi”-s mosazrebas, rom saqarTvelo dgas

Zalian seriozuli safrTxis winaSe _ daiSalos ramdenime saxelmwifod.

(“dilis gazeTi”, 02.12.2003)

mediaSi aqtualuria aqcenti, rom saqarTvelo kvlav rCeba ruseTisa da

aSS-is interesTa Sejaxebis (zogjer _ urTierTdamTxvevis) asparezad.

sayuradReboa, moskovSi nino burjanaZis (saqarTvelos prezidentis movaleobis

Semsruleblis) vizitis win rusuli mediis mier Seqmnili foni: SesaZloa,

saqarTvelosa da ruseTis urTierTobebi 2002 wlis 11 seqtembris scenariT

ganviTardes; “maSin ruseTis xelisuflebam saqarTvelos, faqtobrivad, omi

gamoucxada, Tumca, aSS-is mkacri poziciis gamo kremli iZulebuli gaxda

muqara mxolod muqarad daetovebina. rogorc Cans, kremli da misi mesveuri

saqarTvelos axali xelisuflebis mdgradobas amJamadac “kbils usinjavs” da

cdilobs imis garkvevas, kvlav dauWers Tu ara ase aqtiurad mxars TeTri

saxli oficialur Tbiliss.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 19.12.2003)

“vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg saqarTvelos sagareo prioritetebSi

Zlierdeba evropasTan dakavSirebuli aqcenti. “saqarTvelo arc prorusuli

iqneba da arc proamerikuli, saqarTvelo iqneba proqarTuli da proevropuli”,

_ ganacxada strasburgSi Tavisi pirveli turnes farglebSi gamarTuli

Sexvedrebisas saqarTvelos prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma (“mTavari gazeTi”,

64

29.01.2004); xolo evrokavSiris saparlamento asambleis zamTris sesiaze sityviT

gamosvlisas ase Camoayaliba saqarTvelos axali xelisuflebis sagareo

veqtori: “dRes Cveni erTaderTi ambiciaa gavxdeT evrokavSiris sruluflebiani

wevri... saqarTvelos Zalian didixnis da kargi urTierTdamokidebuleba aqvs

aSS-sTan. SeerTebulma Statebma Cven gacilebiT meti daxmareba gagviwia, vidre

Cven velodebodiT... Cven, aseve, urTierTdamokidebuleba da partnioroba gvaqvs

ruseTTan... me Tanaxma var gavaumjobeso ruseTTan urTierToba, vimegobro

ruseTTan da megobrobis xeli gavuwodo prezident putins, roca mas vewvevi

ruseTSi.” (“24 saaTi”, 29.01.2004)

presam yuradReba miaqcia sagareo aqcentebis mkveTr cvlilebas da axali

xelisuflebis “proevropuloba” axsna erTgvari diplomatiuri TamaSiT,

romlis meSveobiTac Crdiloel mezobels ar gaaRizianebs gamokveTili

amerikuli aqcentiT. ruseTTan mimarTebaSi prezident saakaSvilis sagangebo

damokidebuleba marTlac igrZnoba presaSi: xazgasmiTaa aRniSnuli rom

saakaSvilma pirveli vizitis prioriteti ruseTs mianiWa da ara aSS-s; iseTi

STabeWdilebac iqmneba, rom moskovSi saqarTvelos prezidentis vizitis

momgebiani sainformacio suraTi ar unda daCrdilos aSS-Si misma vizitma

(SeerTebul StatebSi mixeil saakaSvilis vizitis amsaxvelma publikaciebma

zogierT gazeTSi me-4, me-5 gverdebisken gadainacvla da, saerTo jamSi, ar

miuRia iseTi farTo gamoxmaureba, rogorc ruseTSi vizits). ruseTisadmi

sifrTxile igrZnoba saqarTvelosTvis Zalze mniSvnelovani nato-s stambulis

samitis (2004 wlis ivnisi) gaSuqebisas; samitis amsaxvel masalebSi presa

aRniSnavda, rom nato saqarTvelosTvis kvlav prioritetia, magram, ruseTis

faqtoris gamo, “iCqare nelas” principi ufro misaRebia. rogorc Cans,

“sainformacio TavSekavebac” nato-s Temis afiSirebisgan amiT aris

ganpirobebuli.

mixeil saakaSvilis viziti ruseTSi, romelsac rusulma mediam ara

mxolod warmatebuli, epoqaluric uwoda, miznad isaxavda: urTierTobis

dawyebas “sufTa furclidan” (“putini da saakaSvili winamorbedebis qmedebebze

pasuxs ar ageben”); dasavleTTan saqarTvelos urTierTobis gamo ruseTis

gaRizianebis ganeitralebas (saakaSvili: “ruseTs saqarTvelosTan

urTierTobaSi vercerTi qveyana konkurencias ver gauwevs”; “saqarTvelo ar

aris aSS-isa da ruseTis dapirispirebis adgili”); ekonomikuri urTierTobis

mogvarebas (saakaSvili: “qarTuli brendebi rusul bazarze unda davabrunoT”)

zemoqmedebas ruseTis sazogadoebriv azrze (saakaSvili: saqarTvelos imiji

ruseTSi ukiduresad Seryeulia da Cveni mTavari amocana sazogadoebrivi

65

azris Secvlaa) da a.S. presam sagangebod aRniSna, rom saqarTvelos

prezidentma evropuli orientacia am vizitis drosac wina planze wamoswia da

ruseTTan erTad evropaSi integraciis survili gaaJRera; amasTan, presa

aRniSnavda, rom ruseTSi viziti im warmatebuli “piaris” nawilia, romliTac

prezidenti axali xelisuflebis naklis dafarvas cdilobs; am etapze

saqarTvelos gacilebiT didi berketi aqvs vaSingtonis mxardaWeris saxiT,

vidre putinTan damegobrebaa. (“dilis gazeTi”, “rezonansi”, “24 saaTi”, “mTavari

gazeTi”, 11-13 Tebervali, 2004)

aRsaniSnavia erTi garemoebac _ parlamentis Tavmjdomarem, nino

burjanaZem deputatebs sTxova mxari daeWiraTYparlamentis mier msoflio

savaWro organizaciaSi ruseTis gawevrianebis winaaRmdeg adre miRebuli

dadgenilebis SeCerebisTvis. am Txovnas opoziciis protesti mohyva da presaSi

aqcenti _ proamerikeli politikosebis prorusulebad gardaqmnis gamo. (“24

saaTi”, 17.02.2004) am fonze gazeTi “alia” wers, rom “saakaSvili ruseTisTvis

veeberTela pozitiuri potencialis matarebelia” _ saqarTvelos magaliTi

dsT-s qveynebs aSS-sgan ganizidavs; maT urCevniaT ruseTis umcrosi

partniorebi iyvnen, vidre saqarTvelosaviT aSS-is koloniebi. (“alia”, 10.02.2004)

saqarTvelos axali xelisuflebis axali sagareo politikuri kursis

gamokveTisTvis mniSvnelovani iyo mixeil saakaSvilis viziti safrangeTSi

da novacia _ saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa ministrad safrangeTis moqalaqis,

salome zurabiSvilis daniSvna. “evropa Cveni momavalia, amerika ki

TviTdamkvidrebaSi gvexmareba”, _ mixeil saakaSvilis es pasuxi frangi

Jurnalistebis kiTxvaze _ “evropa Tu amerika”, rogorc Cans, ara mxolod

diplomatiuri reveransia, aramed, erTgvari formulac saqarTvelos sagareo

urTierTobebis perspeqtivis gansazRvrisTvis.

2004 wlis martis presaSi ganviTarebuli mosazrebebi adasturebs, rom am

urTierTobebis amplituda damokidebulia ara mxolod amerika-evropaze, misi

wonasworobis wertils ruseTi gansazRvravs. ufro metic, safrangeTSi

saakaSvilis vizitic, upirveles yovlisa, am WrilSi ganixileba _ rogorc

xidi ruseTTan urTierTobis mogvarebisaTvis, rac araTu ewinaaRmdegeba,

aramed eTanxmeba kidec aSS-is interess. “qveynis sagareo kursis umTavresi

mimarTuleba ki evrokavSirSi integrireba da ruseTTan urTierTobis

mowesrigeba iqneba”, _ aRniSnavda “mTavari gazeTi”, _ “prezidenti ar malavs,

rom mas ruseTTan urTierTobis daTboba eCqareba da am misias im qveynis

diplomats andobs, romlis mTavrobasac oficialur moskovTan kargi

urTierToba aqvs. rogorc irkveva, Sirakisa da saakaSvilis pirispir saubrisas

66

ruseTTan urTierToba erT-erTi ZiriTadi sakiTxi yofila.” (“mTavari gazeTi”,

10.03.2004) “dilis gazeTi” werda: “mixeil saakaSvilis gancxadebiT, man

Sirakisagan miiRo garantia, rom safrangeTi evropaSi integraciis procesSi

dagvexmareba; gamocdili diplomatis, pirveli emigraciis TvalsaCino

warmomadgenlebis STamomavlis _ salome zurabiSvilis ministris postze

daniSvna ki imeds aZlevs, rom saqarTvelos sagareo kursi warmatebuli iqneba.

Tavad salome zurabiSvilis formulirebiT, “es aris safrangeTis saCuqari

saqarTvelosTvis, safrangeTi mzadaa axali saqarTvelos mSeneblobaSi miiRos

monawileoba.” (“dilis gazeTi”, 12.03.2004)

martis presa sayuradReboa im TvalsazrisiTac, rom modurad qceuli

cneba _ evroatlantikuri integracia konkretikas iZens, Cndeba axali niuansebi

evrokavSirsa da nato-sTan saqarTvelos mimarTebaSi. evrokavSiri calke

saqarTvelos misi wevrobis kandidatad ar ganixilavda; saqarTvelo, mTliani

samxreTkavkasiis regionis farglebSi, saxarbielo viTarebaSi ar imyofeboda.

“vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg konservatiuli evrokavSiri saqarTvelosadmi

poziciebs icvlis da ar gamoricxavs mis CarTvas “farTo evropis”

iniciativaSi; Tumca, isic aRiniSneba, rom es Znelad misaRwevi da Soreuli

amocanaa. eqspertebis varaudiT, SesaZloa, ufro realuri iyos saqarTvelos

nato-Si gawevrianeba.

“afxazeTis sanapiroebTan natos samxedro floti daiwyebs

patrulirebas” _ iuwyeboda 11 martis “rezonansi”. amerikeli generlis jeims

jonsis gancxadebiT, nato-s mizani eqstremistul organizaciaTa da

kriminalur dajgufebaTa moqmedebebis aRkveTaa. gazeTi am faqts akavSirebs

mixeil saakaSvilis gancxadebasTan _ rom wlis bolomde saqarTvelo

afxazeTis sazRvao akvatorias mTlianad gaakontrolebs. qarTveli

politologebis azriT, amiT nato-s surs Sav zRvaze Zalis demonstracia,

fsiqologiuri zemoqmedebis moxdena, ruseTis gavlenisa da reaqciis mosinjva,

mizani ki _ am gavlenis Semcirebis mcdelobaa. ruseTis reaqciis

demonstrireba moxda martis bolos, aRmosavleT evropis ramdenime

postsocialisturi qveynisa (bulgareTi, rumineTi, slovenia, slovakeTi) da

postsabWoTa baltiispireTis nato-Si gawevrianebis gamo. am qveynebis nato-Si

Sesvlas Tavis droze Zalian ewinaaRmdegeboda ruseTi da misma samxedro da

politikurma elitam mtkivneulad aRiqva es faqti. amerikuli gazeTis “deili

niusis” mier gavrcelebuli informaciiT, rusi generlebi imuqrebian, rom

dauyovnebliv Camoagdeben nato-s TviTmfrinavebs, Tu isini baltiispireTis

qveynebis Tavze gamoCndebian; ukrainuli internet-saagentos informaciiT,

67

ruseTSi gansakuTrebiT aRSfoTebT is faqti, rom nato latviaSi

radiolokaciuri dakvirvebis bazis aSenebas gegmavs. (“rezonansi”, 30.03.2004)

ruseTis Temis primatiT gamoirCeva 2004 wlis maisis presa; es

erTdroulad ramdenime sainformacio sababma ganapiroba: saqarTvelos sagareo

saqmeTa ministrisa da premier-ministris vizitebi ruseTSi; saqarTvelo-

ruseTis biznes-forumi; ruseTSi moRvawe oligarqis, kaxa benduqiZis daniSvna

saqarTvelos ekonomikis ministrad. amasTan, TurqeTSi prezident mixeil

saakaSvilis vizitic, garkveulwilad, presaSi ruseTis Temas ukavSirdeba.

sagareo saqmeTa ministr salome zurabiSvilis vizitisas moskovSi

pirvelad gacxadda oficialuri Tbilisis pozicia _ ruseTis bazebi

saqarTvelodan aucileblad unda gavidnen samwlian vadaSi. amiT nawilobriv

gaifanta eWvi, TiTqos ruseTis uSiSroebis sabWos mdivnis, igor ivanovis

pozitiuri Careva baTumis krizisSi iq ganlagebuli rusuli bazebis datovebis

sanacvlod moxda. rusul bazebs, gamocdilma qarTvelma diplomatma,

msoflioSi arsebuli teroristuli safrTxis fonze axali definicia mouZebna

_ “terorizmis samizne”. bazebis punqti gaxda mTavari sakiTxi CarCo-

xelSekrulebis proeqtze msjelobis drosac _ ruseTi iTxovda

xelSekrulebaSi asaxuliyo valdebuleba, rom rusuli bazebis gayvanis Semdeg

saqarTveloSi sxva qveynis bazebi ar ganTavsdeboda. salome zurabiSvilma

ganacxada, rom saqarTvelo ar apirebs sakuTar teritoriaze arc erTi qveynis

bazis ganlagebas, magram CarCo xelSekruleba ar aris is dokumenti, romelSic

msgavsi tipis gancxadeba unda gakeTdes. (“mTavari gazeTi”, “dilis gazeTi”, 8

maisi, 2004) salome zurabiSvilis moskovuri vizitis gaSuqebisas presam

yuradReba gaamaxvila erTi SexedviT meorexarisxovan, magram axali realobis

gamomxatvel detalze _ qarTvelma diplomatma ara mxolod preskonferencia,

aramed oficialuri molaparakebebic qarTul enaze gamarTa, rac imdenad

uCveulo aRmoCnda ruseTis sagareo uwyebisTvis, rom Tarjimnis miwveva post-

faqtum dasWirdaT.

saqarTvelos premier-ministris, zurab Jvanias moskovSi vizitis mizani,

oficialuri versiiT, ruseT-saqarTvelos ekonomikuri forumis Tema iyo,

xolo araoficialuriT _ afxazeTi. presaSi viTardeboda varaudi, rom am

vizitzea damokidebuli 26 maiss mixeil saakaSvilis gancxadeba afxazeTis

Taobaze, ris Sesaxebac igi winaswar iuwyeboda. (rogorc Cans, aWaris

problemis mogvarebis eiforiam separatistuli regionebis problemis gadaWris

iluziac Seqmna, magram prezidentis mier 26 maiss warmoTqmul sityvaSi

konkretuli siaxle afxazeTis Taobaze ar gaJRerebula). saqarTvelos premier-

68

ministrTan Sexvedrisas ruseTis sagareo uwyeba kvlav miubrunda tradiciul

Temas _ moTxovnas, rom saqarTvelom ormxrivi xelSekrulebiT daadasturos

mesame qveynis samxedro Zalebze uaris Tqmis sakiTxi. moskovs afrTxobs

Crdiloatlantikuri aliansis metismetad miaxloeba sakuTar sazRvrebTan.

rogorc presa aRniSnavs, Jvaniam mianiSna ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministrs,

rom esec SeiZleba ganxilvis sagani gaxdes, anu saqarTvelo am mxriv

kompromisze wava, Tu ruseTi Seicvlis politikas afxazeTTan dakavSirebiT.

amave dros, zurab Jvaniam Seaxsena ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministrs, sergei

lavrovs, rom Tbilisi mzad aris, saqarTvelodan rusuli samxedro

kontingentis gayvanis sanacvlod, gaiTvaliswinos moskovis interesebi da

terorizmis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad TbilisSi Seiqmnas erToblivi

antiteroristuli centri, Sesabamisi Zalismieri struqturiT. (“dilis gazeTi”,

“24 saaTi”, “alia”, 25-27 maisi, 2004)

mixeil saakaSvilis viziti TurqeTSi, aWaraSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis

Semdeg, mniSvnelovani iyo erTdroulad ramdenime faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT:

TurqeTi saqarTvelos damoukideblobis pirveli dReebidanve angariSgasawevi

da saimedo partnioria; aslan abaSiZesa da centrs Soris urTierTobis

garTulebisas ki ankaris poziciam saqarTvelos xelisuflebas mniSvnelovani

samsaxuri gauwia da abaSiZem, didi mcdelobis miuxedavad, ver SeZlo yarsis

xelSekrulebaze apelirebiT saqarTvelosTvis saxifaTo movlenebis

provocireba. aWaraSi centraluri xelisuflebis iurisdiqciis srulad

aRdgenis Semdeg TurqeT-saqarTvelos ekonomikur urTierTobasac sul sxva

datvirTva mieca. mixeil saakaSvilma imedi gamoTqva, rom saqarTveloSi,

gansakuTrebiT ki aWaris regionSi, Turquli kapitali warmatebiT imuSavebs.

TurqeTis prezident ahmed sezerTan Sexvedrisas mixeil saakaSvili axali

iniciativiT gamovida. man SesaZleblad miiCnia saqarTvelo-TurqeTis

damakavSirebeli sarkinigzo magistralis amoqmedeba, romelmac saqarTvelo

evropas, xolo TurqeTi centralur aziasa da ruseTTan unda daakavSiros.

mogvianebiT presa aRniSnavda, rom TurqeT-saqarTvelos rkinigzis mSeneblobis

perspeqtivam seriozulad SeaSfoTa somxeTisa da ruseTis xelisufleba,

romelTa interesebSi, pirvel rigSi, soxumi-Tbilisis sarkinigzo magistralis

amoqmedeba Sedis. vizitisas gamoikveTa, aseve, ori qveynis damakavSirebeli didi

avtobanis mSeneblobis, savizo reJimis gamartivebis perspeqtiva; es ki im

pirobebSi, roca TurqeTi da saqarTvelo evrokavSirisken miiswrafvian,

daaCqarebs ara mxolod ekonomikuri, aramed politikuri sistemebis

integrirebasac. SesaZloa, TurqeTi gaxdes evropasTan ara mxolod

69

saqarTvelos, aramed, zogadad kavkasiis damakavSirebeli xidi. mniSvnelovani

iyo mixeil saakaSvilis Sexvedra TurqeTis moqalaqeebTan _ qarTuli

warmomavlobis biznesmenebTan, romlebsac man ormagi moqalaqeobis miRebisa da

saqarTveloSi maTi investiciebis dacvis garantia misca. (21 maisis presa)

“milionerTa desanti saqarTveloSi”, “rusuli eqspedicia Tu rusuli

eqspansia”, “ruseTis megobruli xeli Tu ekonomikuri eqspansia”, “rusuli

mowyaleba Tu imperiuli ganzraxva”, “rogori rusi ufro saxifaToa _ fuliani

Tu ufulo?”, “rusuli biznesi rusul politikas xarks uxdis”, “Ria TamaSi

saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris” _ es saTaurebi kargad gamoxatavs presis

saerTo damokidebulebas saqarTvelo-ruseTis biznes-forumisadmi. “am

TviTmfrinavTan erTad ramdenime miliardi dolaris investicia “Camofrinda.”

maTgan saqarTveloSi ramdeni ganxorcieldeba, qarTul mxarezea

damokidebuli”, _ TviTmfrinavidan CamosvlisTanave ganacxada ruseTis

ekonomikisa da ganviTarebis ministrma german grefma. (“24 saaTi”, 28.05.2004)

grefis Sesaxeb presa gvauwyebs, rom igi “kremlis ekonomikuri agresiis erT-

erTi arqiteqtoria”. biznes-forumi da bolo dros gaaqtiurebuli rusuli

faqtori presas aZlevs safuZvels “axal realobaze” msjelobisTvis: rogorc

Cans, amerikas araferi aqvs sawinaaRmdego saqarTveloSi rusuli kapitalis

Semosvlis, magram vaSingtoni mtkivneulad reagirebs yvela tendenciaze, rac,

maTi azriT, xels SeuSlis saqarTvelos teritoriis gavliT navTobsadenisa

da, gansakuTrebiT, gazsadenis, mSeneblobas. am konteqstSi ganixileba

prezident saakaSvilis gancxadebac, rom strategiuli gazsadenebi da portebi

privatizebas ar eqvemdebareba. Tumc, mas ar gamouricxavs gazsadenis proeqtSi

“gazpromis” monawileoba _ wilobrivi sawarmos SeqmniT, romelSic rusul

kompanias sakontrolo paketi ar eqneba. (29-31 maisis presa, 2004)

zemoaRniSnuli vizitebisa da, saerTod, qarTul politikaSi ruseTis

rolis gaaqtiurebis fonze, presa intensiurad ganixilavs kavkasiaSi

geopolitikuri koniunqturis Secvlisa da saqarTvelos sasargeblod misi

gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas. presaSi ikveTeba rusi politologebis SeSfoTeba

da qarTvelebis optimizmi, Tumc, maTi mosazrebebi erT wertilSi mainc

ikveTeba _ ruseTs am viTarebaSi ar gaaCnia gansazRvruli kavkasiuri politika,

aseve, man ar icis, rogor aagos axali urTierToba saqarTvelosTan. meore

mxriv, figurirebs mosazrebac, rom putini saqarTveloSi kapitals cvlis;

aslan abaSiZesa da soxumis axlandel reJimsac elcinisdroindel figurebTan

hqondaT urTierToba. am TvalsazrisiT moskovisa da Tbilisis poziciebi

erTmaneTs emTxveva _ putini cdilobs finansebi daimorCilos da

70

gaakontrolos, saakaSvili _ saqarTvelos iurisdiqcia aRadginos. amasTan,

konfliqtebis mogvareba diplomatiuri TvalsazrisiTac momgebiania

ruseTisTvis, igi, bolos da bolos, Seasrulebs samSvidobo misias da dsT-is

sivrcesa da, kerZod, kavkasiaSi sakuTar funqciebs daafiqsirebs. garda amisa,

presaSi gvxvdeba versiac, rom SesaZloa aWarasa da afxazeTSi, ruseTis

interesis dasakmayofileblad, saqarTvelos xelisuflebam Tavisufali

ekonomikuri zona SemoiRos; amasTan, cnos afxazeTSi rusuli biznesis mier

Sesyiduli obieqtebis kanoniereba.

SesaZloa, amgvari axsna nawilobriv pasuxobdes kiTxvebs, romelic

aqtiurad musirebs 2004 wlis maisis presaSi _ ratom Seasrula ruseTma

revoluciebad wodebul procesebSi pozitiuri roli; ra daTmo saqarTvelom

sanacvlod? saqarTvelos xelisufleba prorusulia Tu aSS-m moaxdina

zemoqmedeba ruseTze? qarTuli presa, aWaris movlenebTan dakavSirebiT

msoflios sainformacio saSualebebis gamoxmaurebaze dayrdnobiT, aRniSnavs,

rom saqarTveloSi noembrisa da maisis revoluciebis mSvidobianad dasruleba

ori giganti saxelmwifos _ aSS-isa da ruseTis garigebis Sedegia.

politologi ramaz sayvareliZe saqarTvelos loialobas ruseTis ekonomikuri

politikisa da kapitalis mimarT aSS-is politikas ukavSirebs. misi azriT,

aseTi moqmedebiT vaSingtons surs ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis simZime ar

daawves aSS-s, rogorc es eqsprezident SevardnaZis dros iyo da Tbilisma

aiRos sakuTar Tavze am problemis mogvareba, ekonomikuri meqanizmebis

CarTviT. (“rezonansi”, 29.05.2004) am mosazrebas amyarebs aSS-Si salome

zurabiSvilis vizitisas kolin pauelTan Sexvedris Semdgom gakeTebuli

gancxadebebi imis Taobaze, rom amerika ar aris winaaRmdegi saqarTveloSi

arsebuli konfliqtebi ruseTis daxmarebiT mogvardes. es gancxadeba miT ufro

mniSvnelovania imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom am Sexvedris ZiriTadi Tema aWaris

sakiTxi, cxinvalis regionisa da afxazeTis problemebi iyo. (“mTavari gazeTi”,

02.06.2004)

presis analizisas TvalSisacemia erTi garemoeba _ evroatlantikuri

integraciis Tema, romelic wina periodSi figurirebda sagareo prioritetebis

gansazRvrisas, erTgvarad CrdilSi moeqca. rogorc aRvniSneT, evropis Temis

gaaqtiurebiT saqarTvelos xelisufleba cdilobda ruseTis Tavmoyvareoba

nakleb Selaxuliyo _ dasavleTisken saqarTvelos swrafvis gamo. rogorc

Cans, am TvalsazrisiT “evroatlantikurma mesijma” ukve Seasrula garkveuli

sainformacio da diplomatiuri funqcia. amasTan, presaSi aqtiurdeba nato-s

Tema, isev da isev ruseTis TemasTan mWidro kavSirSi.

71

sazogadoebrivi azrisa da marketinguli kvlevebis asociacia “gorbis”

informaciiT, 2004 wels warmoebuli kvlevis monacemebiT, wina wlebTan

SedarebiT, gamokiTxulTa kidev ufro didi nawili _ 76% uWers mxars

Crdilo-atlantikur aliansSi saqarTvelos gawevrianebis ideas (kvlevaSi

monawileobda 2000 respondenti saqarTvelos masStabiT). politolog kaxa

qenqaZes 3-4 weliwadSi nato-Si saqarTvelos Sesvla realurad esaxeba,

ramdenadac, saqarTvelo nato-s sami didi samomavlo iniciativis (programa _

partnioroba mSvidobisaTvis, xmelTaSuazRvis dialogi, stambolis

TanamSromlobis iniciativa) gadakveTis wertilSi eqceva. (“rezonansi”,

23.06.2004)

nato-s Temas presaSi laitmotivad gasdevs am sakiTxTan ruseTis mwvave

damokidebulebis aqcenti. miuxedavad imisa, rom ivnisSi briuselidan

saqarTvelos delegacia miliardiani daxmarebis perspeqtiviT dabrunda,

rusuli mediis yuradRebis centrSi moeqca ara imdenad es faqti, aramed,

saqarTvelos Tavdacvis ministris, giorgi baramiZis, gancxadeba donori

qveynebis winaSe _ rom saqarTvelo mzadaa natos jarebs Tavisi teritoria

dauTmos. amgvari gancxadeba TavisTavadac alogikuri iyo, saqarTvelos

prezidentisa da sagareo saqmeTa ministris mier araerTgzis dafiqsirebuli,

diametralurad gansxvavebuli poziciis fonze. Sesabamisad, mediasac gauWirda

misi axsna. politolog paata zaqareiSvilis komentariT, ministris gancxadebas

iseTi datvirTva ara aqvs, rogoric prezidentis gancxadebas; meorec _ aSS-s

ruseTTan urTierTobis gafuWeba ar uRirs, miT ufro, rom strategiuli

TvalsazrisiT saqarTveloSi bazebis ganlageba bevrs arafers moutans da

TurqeTi absoluturad akmayofilebs. (“rezonansi”, 19.06.2004)

amave periodSi, xangrZlivi pauzis Semdeg, ruseTsa da saqarTvelos

Soris ganaxlda konsultaciebi samxedro sakiTxebze. Tbilisma moskovs,

samxedro bazebis nacvlad, saqarTveloSi rusul-qarTuli antiteroristuli

centris Seqmna SesTavaza. samxedro eqspertebis varaudiT, CeCnur-inguSuri

movlenebi ruseTs qmediTi erToblivi antiteroristuli centris Seqmnisken

ubiZgebs. ruseTis Tavdacvis ministri sergei ivanovi acxadebs, rom

antiteroristuli centris Seqmna bazebis likvidaciis procesTan ar aris

dakavSirebuli (Tumc, Tavis droze amgvari centris Seqmnis idea ruseTis

xelisuflebas ekuTvnoda). ruseTTan samxedro molaparakebaSi warmatebis

misaRwevad saqarTvelos mTavroba mzadaa oficialuradac daadasturos, rom

qveynis teritoriaze ucxo qveynis bazebis ganlagebas ar apirebs. rogorc

aRvniSneT, moskovSi vizitisas, saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa ministrma salome

72

zurabiSvilma ganacxada, rom saqarTvelo ar apirebs sakuTar teritoriaze

arc erTi qveynis bazis ganlagebas, magram CarCo-xelSekruleba ar aris is

dokumenti, romelSic msgavsi tipis gancxadeba unda gakeTdes. amjerad igi

mizanSewonilad miiCnevs es pozicia CarCo xelSekrulebaSi dafiqsirdes.

(“saqarTvelos respublika”, “mTavari gazeTi”, 23.06.2004) amasTan, vidre ruseTis

bazebis gayvanis sakiTxi ar gadawydeba, saqarTvelos xelisufleba

SeuZleblad miiCnevs ruseT-saqarTvelos Soris CarCo-xelSekrulebis

gaformebas.

nato-s stambulis samitis win ruseTi bazebiT “vaWrobas” iwyebs;

Tavdacvis ministri asaxelebs bazebis gayvanis “SeRavaTian” Tanxas _ 300 mln

dolars, 500-is nacvlad. gazeT “rezonansis” informaciiT, saqarTveloSi

darCenil or rusul bazaze _ axalqalaqsa da baTumSi dasaqmebuli rusi

samxedroebisa da saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis saerTo raodenoba daaxloebiT

5000-ia. samxedro eqspert irakli aladaSvilis azriT, maTi gayvanisTvis 300

mln dolaris dasaxeleba gadaWarbebulia; miT ufro, rom samxedro

mosamsaxureTa didi nawili adgilobrivi mosaxlea, romelTac ruseTis

moqalaqeoba miiRes da, bazebis gayvanis SemTxvevaSi Tu saqarTveloSi darCenas

gadawyveten, maTze saqarTvelos xelisufleba izrunebs. (“rezonansi”, 23.06.2004)

nato-s samitze specialuri komunike miiRes, romelSic aRniSnulia, rom

saqarTvelodan da moldovadan ruseTis bazebis gayvana “evropaSi Cveulebrivi

SeiaraRebis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis” ratificirebis pirobebs Seqmnis. ruseTis

sagareo saqmeTa ministri sergei lavrovi cdilobda aliansis moTxovnebis

ignorirebas; misi ganmartebiT, “xelSekrulebis ratifikacia iuridiulad ar

ukavSirdeba bazebis gayvanis process. Tumca, rusi diplomati imasac aRniSnavs,

rom, “keTili nebis gamovlenis SemTxvevaSi, sakiTxi SesaZloa operatiulad

mogvardes.” ruseTis saxelmwifo saTaTbiroSi ki acxadeben, rom keTili neba

saqarTvelos mxridan nato-Si integrirebaze uaris Tqmaa.” (“mTavari gazeTi,”

29.06.2004) saqarTvelom ara Tu uari Tqva nato-sken swrafvaze, aramed samitze

damtkicda aliansTan saqarTvelos individualuri partniorobis programis

samxedro nawili da oficialurad gaxda cnobili, rom agvistoSi saqarTvelos

oficialuri vizitiT ewvevoda nato-s generaluri mdivani hop sxeferi.

nato-s stambulis samitze Sedga saqarTvelos prezidentis pirispir

Sexvedra aSS-is prezidentTan, romelzec, presis versiiT, bazebis gayvanis

sakiTxzec isaubres. jorj buSisa da mixeil saakaSvilis Sexvedris Semdeg

JurnalistebisaTvis cnobili gaxda, rom nato-s wevri qveynebis erToblivi

komunike mouwodebs ruseTs daaCqaros saqarTvelodan da moldovadan

73

samxedro bazebis gayvanis procesi. garda amisa, komunikeSi saqarTvelo da

zogadad kavkasia, moxseniebulia, rogorc nato-sTvis strategiulad

mniSvnelovani regioni. nato-s aseT damokidebulebas ruseTis sagareo uwyebis

xelmZRvanelma arakoreqtuli uwoda da aliansi ruseTis mimarTulebiT

samxedro gaaqtiurebaSi daadanaSaula: “es organizacia axal saxelmwifoebs

iTvisebs da sul ufro aZlierebs Tavis Zalebs ruseTis sazRvrebTan. nato

angariSs ar uwevs ruseTis interesebs da calmxriv gadawyvetilebebs iRebs”, _

ganacxada ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministrma da samiti protestis niSnad

datova, ise rom xeli ar moawera dokuments evroatlantikuri partniorobis

ganaxlebaze. lavrovis demarSis sapasuxod, saqarTvelos prezidentma

ganacxada, rom konfliqtebi kavkasiaSi swored ruseTis Seqmnilia da mas aqvs

imedi, rom prezidenti putini am sakiTxebs realisturad miudgeba.

(“xvalindeli dRe”, “24 saaTi”, 30 ivnisi, 2004) am konteqstSi naTlad gamoCnda

is realuri mizezi, ris gamoc ruseTis prezidentma, mravalgzis mipatiJebis

miuxedavad, Tavi aarida samitSi monawileobas.

sainteresoa, rom rusuli sainformacio portali “regnum”, publikaciaSi

_ “rusuli demarSi stambulSi”, aRniSnavs, rom saqarTvelos prezidentma

moaxerxa lavrovis demarSis Semdeg daZabuli situaciis ganmuxtva. marTalia,

man ganacxada, rom konfliqtebis warmoqmnas mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebda

ruseTi, magram isic aRniSna, rom “dReisaTvis ruseT-saqarTvelos

urTierTobebi TanamSromlobisa da keTilmezoblobis principebiT warimarTeba.

“regnumis” informaciiT, amis Semdeg lavrovma ganacxada, rom darbazidan misi

gasvla politikuri mosazrebiT ar iyo nakarnaxevi. (Regnum.ru.29.06.04)

mixeil saakaSvili samitis oficialur gaxsnamdec acxadebda, rom

“bolos da bolos warsuls unda Cabardes is dro, roca konfliqtebze

saubars yvela Tavs aridebda” da miznad isaxavda konfliqtebTan dakavSirebiT

nato-s wevri qveynebis informirebas. samitis amsaxvel publikaciebSi vxvdebiT

informacias, rom aSS cdilobs evropis rolis gaaqtiurebas kavkasiis

konfliqtebis mogvarebis procesSi. analitikosebis azriT, arsebobs ori gza _

an kavkasia unda iqces dasavleTis da ruseTis TanamSromlobis placdarmad,

an aSS-isa da ruseTis (ara mxolod!) interesTa dapirispirebis zonad. presaSi

viTardeba mosazrebac, rom Zlieri da keTilganwyobili saqarTvelo ruseTs

samxreTiT mTel rig problemebs avtomaturad mouxsnis; kremlSic Znelad,

magram acnobiereben, rom moZlierebuli saqarTvelo sasargeblo iqneba Tavad

ruseTisTvis. (“xvalindeli dRe”, “mTavari gazeTi”, 29.06.2004)

74

politologi ramaz sayvareliZe, samitis Sedegebis komentirebisas,

SeSfoTebas gamoTqvams im konfliqturi ganlagebis gamo, romlis mixedviTac

nato da saqarTvelo erTmaneTis mxares arian, xolo ruseTi _ calke. aman

SeiZleba sirTuleebi warmoSvas, rogorc afxazeTis, ise oseTis mimarTulebiT.

(“rezonansi”, 30.06.2004) am mosazrebis ilustraciad gamodgeba rusuli mediis

gamoxmaureba stambulis samitze _ gaRizianeba ara mxolod bazebis sakiTxiT,

aramed buSisa da saakaSvilis pirispir saubriT da im faqtiTac, rom

protokoliT gaTvaliswinebuli fotos gadaRebisas buSi demonstratiulad

daudga gverdiT qarTvel kolegas.

stambulis samitis “damsaxurebaa” ruseTis federaciis uSiSroebis

sabWos mdivnis, igor ivanovis gancxadeba, rom “xelisuflebis Secvla jer

saqarTveloSi da Semdeg aWaraSi, ar yofila arc vardebis da arc xaverdovani

revolucia. es iyo xelisuflebis ZaliT Secvla da orive SemTxvevaSi

sisxlisRvris Tavidan acileba ruseTis damsaxurebaa.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 01.07.

2004)

nato-s stambulis samits qarTuli presa qarTuli diplomatiis

warmatebad miiCnevs; “dilis gazeTi” werda, rom prezidentma saakaSvilma

TurqeTi media-teqnologiebiT daipyro, igi srulyofilad flobs axali epoqis

teqnologiebs. prezident saakaSvilis SefasebiT, “saqarTvelosTvis iwyeba

sruliad axali etapi. dagvWirdeba dro, dagvWirdeba moTmineba”; “nato

bileTia evrokavSirSi Sesasvlelad.” (“dilis gazeTi”, “24 saaTi”, “mTavari

gazeTi”, 01.07.2004)

aqve aRvniSnavT, rom nato-s samitze sapatio stumris statusiT miwveuli

mixeil saakaSvilisTvis stambulSi yofna mniSvnelovani iyo TurqeTTan

urTierTobis gaRrmavebis TvalsazrisiTac. presis SefasebiT, TurqeTis

xelisuflebam saqarTvelosTan gansakuTrebuli damokidebulebis

demonstrireba moaxdina; mixeil saakaSvils stambulis erT-erTma

municipalitetma sazeimo Sexvedra mouwyo, vardebiTa da koncertiT. Tavis

mxriv, saakaSvilma, frangul “le mond”-Tan interviuSi, ganacxada, rom evropam

unda Seafasos TurqeTis Rirsebebi da am Sefasebaze religiurma sakiTxma

gavlena ar unda moaxdinos. TurqeTis evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis SemTxvevaSi,

saqarTvelo mas avtomaturad mihyveba. stambulSi myof saqarTvelos

prezidents oficialuri Sexvedra hqonda TurqeTis prezident axmed nejef

sezerTan. Sexvedraze gadawyda saqarTveloSi Turq biznesmenTa askaciani

delegaciisa da TurqeTis premier-ministris Camosvla da biznesforumis

gamarTva. (“saqarTvelos respublika”, 29.06.2004)

75

nato-s samitis Temis gaanalizebisas gazeT “axal versiaSi” yuradReba

miipyro aseTma mosazrebam: “ruseTze rom aRaraferi vTqvaT, amerika dasayrdens

ara mxolod kavkasiaSi, aramed mTlianad axlo aRmosavleTSi eZebs. qarTvel

eqspertTa erTi nawilis mtkicebiT, ukve SemuSavebulia dasavluri gegma am

procesSi fereidneli qarTvelebis CarTvis TvalsazrisiT. amerikas surs

iranSi fexis mosakideblad da musulmanuri fundamentalizmis winaaRmdeg

sabrZolvelad Zlieri placdarmi Seqmnas. daudasturebeli informaciiT,

saqarTvelos xelisuflebam ukve misca Tanxmoba am procesSi fereidnel

qarTvelTa CarTvasTan dakavSirebiT. am mizniT, qarTuli mxare fereidanSi

specialur ideologiur muSaobas daiwyebs. aseve, amerikuli dasayrdenis

kuTxiT ganixilebian TurqeTSi mcxovrebi lazebic.” (“axali versia”, 28.06.2004)

amave gazeTSi, prezident saakaSvilis iranuli voiaJisadmi miZRvnil

publikaciaSi, es mosazreba ukve saTaursa da qvesaTaurSi figurirebs:

“dasavluri interesebi fereidanSi”, “amerika iranSi politikur dasayrdens

eZebs”. publikaciis lidSi ki vkiTxulobT: “saxelisuflo kuluarebSi”

saubari daiwyo imaze, rom saqarTvelo iranSi dasavlur interesebs lobirebs.

laparakia fereidanSi erTgvari samxedro-politikuri placdarmis Seqmnaze,

romelsac amerika islamisturi fundamentalizmis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad

gamoiyenebs. saqarTvelos am gegmaSi mTavari ideologis funqcia akisria.”

politologi ramaz sayvareliZe, am mosazrebis komentirebisas, ar gamoricxavs

“fereidnuli kartis” gaTamaSebas, magram fiqrobs, rom buSis administracia am

gegmidan maincadamainc did Sedegs ar unda elodes; fereidnuli diaspora

iranSi ar warmoadgens iseT Zlier warmonaqmns, rom man seriozuli rolis

Sesruleba SeZlos: “Tuki Tbilissa da moskovs Soris bolo periodSi damTbar

urTierTobebs gaviTvaliswinebT, ar aris gamoricxuli, saqarTvelo iranSi

ara mxolod amerikis, aramed ruseTis interesebis lobistadac mogvevlinos,”

_ aRniSnavs sayvareliZe. misive TqmiT, “kavkasiis regionSi Znelad moiZebneba

qveyana, romelsac erTnairad miesvleba rogorc iranTan da TurqeTTan, ise

amerikasTan da ruseTTan. swored am faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, saqarTvelos

Tavisuflad SeuZlia politikuri dambalanseblis funqciebi sakuTar Tavze

aiRos.” (“axali versia”, 09.07.2004)

es versia uniadago ar Cans imis gaTvaliswinebiTac, rom nato-s samitis

wina periodSi saqarTvelos telearxebi (“mze”, “imedi”, “rusTavi-2”) erTmaneTs

aswrebdnen fereidnelebsa Tu lazebze gadaRebuli axali videofilmebis

Cvenebas. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom mixeil saakaSvilis stumrobam fereidanSi

76

Zlieri emociuri foni Seqmna da es viziti ar gadaido agvistoSi cxinvalis

regionSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis miuxedavadac.

saakaSvilisa da putinis araformaluri Sexvedra moskovSi, nato-s

samitis logikuri gagrZeleba iyo. Sexvedram, presis informaciiT, dagegmilze

gacilebiT met xans gastana; saakaSvili cdilobda putinis darwmunebas, rom

saqarTveloSi nato-s samxedro baza ar amoqmeddeba, ruseTis bazebs

“adamianuri pirobebis sruli dacviT gaacilebs” da rom ruseTs SeuZlia

saqarTvelosTan erTobliv antiteroristul centrSi iTanamSromlos. rogorc

Cans, putinis darwmuneba nawilobriv mainc moxerxda, radgan saakaSvilis

gancxadebiT, kremli Tanaxmaa saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisTvis savizo reJimi

gaamartivos. ruseTis prezidenti ki acxadebs, rom mzadaa ganixilos

saqarTvelos konkretuli winadadebebi konfliqtis (cxinvalis) mowesrigebis

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT; rom ruseTis uSiSroebis sabWo da saqarTvelos

uSiSroebis sabWo daiwyeben praqtikuli nabijebis gadadgmas erToblivi

antiteroristuli centris Sesaqmnelad.

presis publikaciebSi ar konkretdeba, SeTanxmdnen Tu ara prezidentebi

cxinvalis konfliqtSi ruseTis srul Caurevlobaze, Tumc, mixeil saakaSvili

acxadebs, rom “putini keTilganwyobilia da osebs ruseTis Carevis imedi aRar

unda hqondeT”. gazeT “izvestia”-sTvis micemul interviuSi igi ambobs, rom ori

qveynis urTierTobaSi imaze mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi arsebobs, vidre “samxreT

oseTia”. amiT saakaSvili kokoiTis reJims mianiSnebs, rom moskovisTvis

cxinvalis regioni ar aris iseTi strategiuli mniSvnelobis, kremls rom

dasavleTTan urTierTobis gafuWebad uRirdes.MgazeT “axali versiis”

komentariT, “ruseTs nato-s kompleqsi aqvs gadasalaxi da, rogorc Cans,

prezidenti saakaSvili cdilobs putins es problema maqsimalurad

umtkivneulod moagvarebinos.” (“axali versia”, 05.07.2004)G yuradRebas

SevaCerebT erT niuanszec: erTaderTi dokumenti, romelTan dakavSirebiTac

dsT-is moskovis araoficialuri samitis monawile prezidentebma oficialuri

pozicia gamoxates, yazaxeTis iniciativa iyo _ euTo-s saqmianobis kritikulad

Sefasebis moTxovna. es winadadeba ruseTmac moiwona. saqarTvelosa da

azerbaijanis prezidentebma ki euTo-s sawinaaRmdego gancxadebis miRebas mxari

ar dauWires. K

2004 wlis oqtomberSi, saqarTvelos prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili, am

wlis bolo sagareo vizitiT, ewvia baltiispireTis respublikebs _ estoneTs,

latviasa da litvas. vizitebis amsaxvel publikaciebSi ikveTeba, rom baltiis

qveynebTan mWidro TanamSromloba evrostruqturebSi saqarTvelos integraciis

77

erT-erTi realuri garantiaa. vizitebis Sedegebidan, rogorc Tavad prezidenti

mixeil saakaSvili aRniSnavs, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania litvaSi

xelmowerili deklaracia regionuli TanamSromlobisa da evropuli da evro-

atlantikuri integraciis sferoSi Tanadgomis Sesaxeb: “es imas niSnavs, rom

nato-sa da evropis kavSirSi lobisti gagviCnda... Cven erToblivi iniciativiT

gamovdivarT _ 3+3 formatiT Seiqmnas sami kavkasiuri da baltiispireTis sami

saxelmwifos axali regionuli TanamSromlobis meqanizmi. es meqanizmi

somxeTs, saqarTvelosa da azerbaijans yovelmxriv waadgeba. baltiis sami

qveyana dagvexmareba, rom Cveni interesebi evrokavSirSi gaaJReros,

davuaxlovdeT evropas da yvela evropul organizaciaSi Cveni xma mudmivad

ismodes.” (“24 saaTi”, 15-16,10.2004) politologi soso cincaZe yuradRebas

amaxvilebs im faqtorze, rom nato-s standartebTan miaxloebis TvalsazrisiT

baltiis qveynebs didi gamocdileba aqvT. gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoebac,

rom ukrainaSi prorusuli Zalebis gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi Zalian

mniSvnelovnad Seicvleba am regionSi geostrategiuli paseansi. (“rezonansi”,

13.10.2004)

yovelive zemoTqmuli saSualebas gvaZlevs davaskvnaT:

“vardebis revoluciis” Semdgom periodSi sainformacio velSi diskursi

_ saqarTvelo-ruseTi-aSS TiTqos arsebiTad ar Secvlila, magram gansxvaveba

mainc TvalSisacemia; tradiciuli “rusuli faqtori” isev ZalaSi rCeba, magram

ruseTis yovlisSemZleobis fsiqologiur da sainformacio imijs TandaTan

enacvleba axali rakursi _ saqarTvelos problemebis gasaRebi aRar Zevs

mxolod ruseTSi; garda imisa, rom ara mxolod saqarTvelo, aramed

dasavleTic aucileblad uwevs angariSs ruseTis faqtors, Tavis mxriv,

ruseTsac uxdeba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi interesisa da, pirovnulad,

mixeil saakaSvilis faqtoris gaTvaliswineba. saqarTvelos prezidenti, erTis

mxriv, Tavs uflebas aZlevs “saxeli daarqvas” ruseTis damokidebulebas

saqarTvelos mimarT (magaliTad gamodgeba Tundac misi gancxadeba nato-s

stambulis samitze), meore mxriv, paralelurad avrcelebs mesijs, rom mas

yovelTvis aqvs prezident putinis pragmatuli politikis, masTan

konstruqciuli dialogisa da megobruli urTierTobis imedi. putini,

ZiriTadad, pozitiur konteqstSi figurirebs, realisti politikosis imijiT.

rusuli mxaris “Zveli mentalobis” tipiur magaliTad ki, gamodgeba rusi

parlamentaris mier qarTveli JurnalistebisTvis naTqvami fraza: “Cvenma vovam

Tqvens buSs afxazeTi da samxreT oseTi Caabara.” (“24 saaTi”, 11.06.2004) es

fraza movixmeT kidev erT tendenciaze misaniSnebladac _ presaSi (2004 wlis

78

agvistos movlenebamde) marTlac igrZnoba ruseTisa da aSS-is “garigebis”

meSveobiT konfliqtebis mogvarebis imedi.

saqarTvelo-ruseTis konfrontaciisa da saqarTvelo-aSS-is partniorobis

dasabalanseblad wina planze iwevs ekonomikuri faqtori, rac, presaSi

Seqmnili suraTis mixedviT, momgebiania samive mxarisa da, plus, evropisTvis.

saqarTvelos “proevropuli” aqcentis gaZliereba ara mxolod ruseTis

gaRizianebis (umTavresad, nato-sken saqarTvelos miswrafebis gamo)

gamaneitralebeli mesijia, aramed igi, amasTan, gamoxatavs, saqarTvelos mimarT

evropis interesis gaaqtiurebasac.

disertaciis am nawilSi SevecadeT SeZlebisdagvarad farTod

warmogvedgina presis sagareo-politikuri aqcentebi, ramdenadac, saqarTvelo

iyo da aris qveyana, romlis arsebobasa da ganviTarebas, arsebiTad,

gansazRvravs saerTaSoriso koniunqtura. 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi _

aWaraSi, agvistoSi ki _ cxinvalis regionSi ganviTarebul movlenebTan

ruseTis, aSS-isa da evropis mimarTebas ganvixilavT Sesabamis qveTavebSi _

“aWaris movlenebi _ “vardebis revoluciis” logikuri gagrZeleba” da

“konfliqturi regionebi”; xolo monakveTi _ “saqarTveloSi jorj buSis

vizitis rezonansi presaSi” asaxavs axal geopolitikur realobaSi

saqarTvelos CarTvis perspeqtivas.

destabilizaciis “sainformacio uzrunvelyofa”

“Cemi kolegebis arcTu umniSvnelo nawili seqtember-oqtomberSi did

sensaciebsa da cxel-cxel reportaJebs gegmavs... iwereba “serialebi” haerSi

datrialebul denTis sunze, saeWvo SenaerTebze, xalxis azvirTebul talRebsa

da areulobebze... Jurnalistebi mondomebiT cdiloben, rogorme daaCqaron

sasurveli realobis dadgoma... bevri publikacia Tu satelevizio gadacema

xalxis danamuseba da Segulianebaa _ amdens vlaparakobT, devebTan mebrZol

gmirebad gsaxavT da, aba Tqven iciT, ar gamogvWraT yeli, saSemodgomod

mosavlis aRebas ar gadahyveT da “destabilizaciis” gareSe ar dagvtovoTo...”,

_ werda 2000 wlis ivlisSi, gazeT “dros” mTavari redaqtori, marine

gigineiSvili, publikaciaSi, romlis saTauri _ “kolegebo, “nanatri”

destabilizacia igvianebs!” _ pirdapir SexebaSia Cveni sadisertacio naSromis

am qveTavis dasaxelebasTan. (96) “JurnalistebSi”, rogorc Cans, marine

gigineiSvili Tavis kolegebs, gamomcemlebsa da gazeTebis xelmZRvanelebs

79

gulisxmobs, romelTa prioritetia dagegmva da saredaqcio politikis

warmarTva.

qveTavis amgvari dasaTaureba CvenTvis TviTmizani ar yofila; arc Cven da

arc moxmobili publikaciis avtori, ar vgulisxmobT, rom destabilizaciuri

procesebi KJurnalistebis surviliTa da fantaziiT iyo inicirebuli; magram

orive SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba, yovel konkretul etapze, detabilizaciisTvis

sainformacio fonis Seqmnis tendencia.

2000-2002 wlebSi destabilizaciis dinamika aseT suraTs qmnida:

o I wre _ 2000 weli _ prezident eduard SevardnaZis arCevisTanave dawyebuli,

misi da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis diskreditaciis kampaniidan _

“Semodgomis destabilizaciamde”, anu, noember-dekembris “energetikul

buntamde”;

o II wre _ 2001 weli _ wlis damdegs pankisSi ruseTis samxedro operaciis

dawyebis safrTxidan kvlav “Semodgomis destabilizaciamde”, anu e.w.

“noembris revoluciamde”;

o III wre – 2002 weli _ pankisis permanentuli safrTxisa da ruseTis agresiis

fonze _ kvlav sainformacio samzadisi “Semodgomis destabilizaciisaTvis”.

destabilizaciis scenarebi am wlebSi daaxloebiT erTnairi

dramaturgiiT viTardeboda _ “moqmedi vulkani” _ pankisi, afxazeTi, kodori

da ruseTis safrTxis mudmivi sainformacio aJiotaJi; “saTadarigo variantebi”

_ samegrelo, samcxe-javaxeTi, socialuri ukmayofilebis gamoxatvisa da

demokratiis dacvis sababiT gamarTuli aqciebi, arasamTavrobo organizaciebis

aqtiurobiTa da Sesabamisi sainformacio uzrunvelyofiT...

2000 wels _ aqciebi: rkinigzis gadaketva, feroSenadnobTa qarxnis

muSebis gaficva, “rusTavi 2”-is gadacema “60 wuTisa” da misi avtoris akaki

gogiCaiSvilis dasacavad, sasamarTlo reformis mxardasaWerad, presis

Tavisuflebis moTxovniT; feTqebadi samegrelo (“qobalias sindromi”);

“zviadistebis” gaqceva cixis respublikuri saavadmyofodan; devnilebi,

mravalSvilianebi saxelmwifo kancelariis misadgomebTan; wlis miwuruls _

“energetikuli bunti” politikuri moTxovnebiT...

2001 wels _ sainformacio fonis momzadeba pankisSi ruseTis samxedro

operaciis provocirebisTvis; muxrovanis amboxi; giorgi sanaias mkvlelobiT

gamowveuli aqciebi; devnilebis, mravalSvilianebis, meanabreebisa da a.S.

permanentuli aqciebi; erTi mxriv _ isev “rusTavi 2”-isa da presis

Tavisuflebis dacvis sababiT dawyebuli masobrivi mRelvareba (studentobis

aqtiurobiT), gadazrdili “noembris revoluciaSi” _ mTavrobisa da

80

prezidentis gadadgomis moTxovniT (rasac, sabolood, Sedegad mohyva

parlamentis Tavmjdomaris, zurab Jvanias gadadgoma da Ss ministris, kaxa

TargamaZis gadayeneba Tanamdebobidan); meore mxriv _ kodoris, pankisisa da

afxazeTis safrTxis ukiduresi gawvaveba...

2002 weli _ pankisis garSemo situaciis kidev ufro daZabva “wrTvnisa da

aRWurvis programis” pasuxad, rusebis desanti kodorSi; dapirispirebis piki

“moqkavSirSi”, Jvaniasa da misi gundis gadasvla opoziciaSi; adgilobrivi

TviTmmarTvelobis saarCevno kampaniis gamoyeneba situaciis dasaZabavad,

bataliebi centralur saarCevno komisiasTan; bunti kojris batalionSi; kvlav

saomari moqmedebebis provocireba erTdroulad pankisis, kodorisa da

afxazeTis mimarTulebiT...

destabilizaciur procesebs saerTo fons uqmnida sainformacio amindis

Semqmneli mediis meSveobiT Camoyalibebuli stereotipi _ rom saqarTvelo

arSemdgari saxelmwifoa, rom saqarTvelo saSiSi qveyanaa.

2003 wels, “vardebis revoluciis” winaperiodSi, winaswar iqmneboda foni,

rom saqarTveloSi aucileblad gayalbdeboda arCevnebi da xalxi quCaSi unda

gamosuliyo; “xalxis quCaSi gamoyvana advilia, Seyvana ki _ Zneli... 1991 wels

gamoyvanili mosaxleoba jerac gareT aris”, _ ambobda yofili saxelmwifo

ministri da qristianul-demokratiuli kavSiris lideri vaJa lorTqifaniZe,

(“axali versia”, 02.06.2003). ivlisSi, saqarTveloSi jeims beikeris vizitma,

qarTul politikur sinamdvileSi mniSvnelovnad Secvala movlenebis

ganviTareba. prezidentTan da opoziciuri partiebis liderebTan ramdenime

daxuruli Sexvedris Semdeg cnobili gaxda, rom beikerma saqarTveloSi

saparlamento arCevnebis Catarebis amerikuli sqema Camoitana da am sqemis

pirobebze mxareebis dayolieba moaxerxa. rogorc presa aRniSnavda, “beikeris

Camosvlam opozicias destabilizaciis gegma CauSala” da misma vizitma kidev

erTxel daamtkica, rom amerikis ZiriTadi mizani saqarTveloSi aris

stabiluri saxelmwifos Seqmna.

*presaSi akumulirebuli mZafri emociuri muxti da destabilizaciis

molodini xSirad win uswrebs sazogadoebis adekvatur ganwyobas da TiTqos

erTgvari “sasignalo gasrolis” rols asrulebs. destabilizaciis

dramaturgiis ganviTarebas, mis sainformacio uzrunvelyofasa da rezonanss,

ganvixilavT 2000 wlis magaliTze, radgan ara mxolod am wels ganviTarebuli

procesebi, aramed maTTan presis mimarTeba uaRresad saintereso da

sagulisxmo suraTs qmnis.

81

“erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi socialur afeTqebas unda velodeT”, _ erTi

wliT adre akonkretebs “rezonansi” destabilizaciis TariRs da iqve, pirvel

gverdze, anSlagirebuli saTaurebiT amyarebs am prognozs _ “haerSi denTis

suni sul ufro da ufro mZafrdeba”, “SevardnaZes socialuri afeTqebisken

mivyavarT” (“rezonansi”, 22.05.2000); “Semodgomaze “bunti” atydeba” (“axali

Taoba”, 31.05.2000); “zedmiwevniT bevri aqcia moewyo gasul kviras. arc Tu

usafuZvlod Cndeba eWvi, rom es viRacas awyobs” (“dro”, 02.05.2000). sagazeTo

statiebsa da “t/k “rusTavi 2”-is eTerSi musirebas iwyebs “impiCmentis” cneba.

destabilizaciis dramaturgiuli xazis ganviTareba arc zafxulSi

wydeba, sayovelTao daZabulobis muxti ar unda ganeitraldes. amitomac,

zafxulSi wina planze iwevs samegrelos faqtori. prezidentis rwmunebuli

samegreloSi, bondo jiqia, regionSi situaciis daZabvas garkveul

destabilizaciur Zalebs abralebs da mTavrobis sxdomaze gadadgomas iTxovs

(jer kidev aprilSi gazeTi ”alia” werda, rom xelisuflebis mTavari berketi

jerjerobiT tyeSi gaxiznuli “TuTaSxiebia”). zafxulSi es berketi _ megreli

abragebis faqtori _ eliavas mkvlelobis garSemo atexili sainformacio

aJiotaJis fonze “amuSavda”. “samegrelo ar wamoegeba am ankesze!” _ ganucxada

Jurnalistebs akaki eliavas Zmam. zafxulSive kidev erTxel gaaqtiurda

saprotesto aqciebisa da gamosvlebis talRa, romelTagan TiToeuls,

bunebrivia, Tavisi gamomwvevi obieqturi mizezebi hqonda, magram, SesaZloa,

“saSemodgomo speqtaklis repeticiis” funqciac ekisreboda.

miuxedavad imisa, rom “politikuri Semodgoma” SedarebiT mSvidobianad

daiwyo, met-naklebad mSvidi gazeTis, “axali Taobis” mimomxilvelebic ki

saSemodgomo destabilizacias gardauval movlenad miiCneven. es termini

magiuri paroliviTaa, romelic, Tundac minavluli, mudmivad unda arsebobdes,

rom nebismier saWiro momentSi iyos SesaZlebeli misi gaaqtiureba, miT ufro,

daTqmul dros. “jer simSvidea. saSemodgomo mRelvareba albaT gardauvalia,

magram is saSiSi ar aris, Tu gansazRvrul normebSi Cajda. SeiZleba iTqvas,

rom aucilebelicaa, magram saSiSroebis gamoricxvis SesaZlebloba ar

arsebobs _ areulobis Seqmnis foni arsebobs”, _ erTgvari ironizebiT wers

“axali Taobis” Jurnalisti ani mirotaZe. (137).

saSemodgomo destabilizaciis preludiis roli isev “samegrelos

sindromma” Seasrula, romelsac maleve mohyva patimrebis gaqceva. “warsulis

aCrdilTa” Tu “marad guSindelTa” gaqceva cixis respublikuri

saavadmyofodan, SesaZloa, saqarTveloSi mniSvnelovan politikur procesTa

katalizatorad iqces, _ werda “dilis gazeTi” saredaqcio statiaSi, _

82

“qarTuli demokratiis” Senoba SeiZleba Zlieri politikuri miwisZvris

Sedegad daingres, Tu “qobalias sindromi” dasavleT saqarTveloSi

(upirvelesad samegreloSi) traibalizmSi gadaizrdeba an SeiaraRebul

eqscesebSi gamovlindeba.” (“dilis gazeTi”, “qobalias sindromi”, 3 oqtomberi,

2000).

“dilis gazeTis” imave nomerSi (isev saredaqcio statiiT!) patimrebis

gaqcevis Tema sxva rakursiTac Cndeba: “ar gamovricxav, rom es SemTxveva

bevrad ufro seriozuli gegmis nawili iyos”, _ ganacxada parlamentis

Tavmjdomarem cixis saavadmyofodan patimrebis gaqcevis Taobaze. qveynis

umaRles sakanonmdeblo organoSi eWvi aravis epareba, rom kviris movlenebi

qveyanaSi politikuri viTarebis ukiduresad daZabvaze aris gaTvlili. amas

zurab Jvaniac adasturebs: “gaangariSeba destabilizaciaze iyo”, _ acxadebs

igi... rezo adamia ufro kategoriulia da fiqrobs, rom gaqcevis mizani

xelisuflebis damxoba da Semdgom ukve qveynis saTaveSi mosvla iyo, rac

bunebrivia, gare Zalebis daxmarebis gareSe warmoudgenelia.” (99).

presis analitikur publikaciebze dayrdnobiT, oqtombris miwuruls

saqarTvelos politikur scenaze aseTi suraTi ixateboda:

o 2000 wlis gazafxulze gamokveTili axalgazrda reformatorTa

yovlisSemZleobis imiji da saprezidento xelisuflebis diskreditaciis

safrTxe, faqtobrivad, uvnebelyofilia. Tu varaudebiT ufro Sors

wavalT, SeiZleba warmovidginoT, rom es “dramaturgiuli xazi” _

saprezidento arCevnebSi eduard SevardnaZis 80%-iani gamarjveba,

arCevnebis damTavrebisTanave dasavleTis daeWveba mis realobaSi,

axalgazrda reformatorTa mier “brWyalebis” naadrevi gamoCena,

aRmasrulebeli da sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis mkveTri dapirispireba

(saxelmwifo ministris gadayenebis CaTvliT), saSemodgomo

destabilizaciis safrTxis aJitireba da Semdeg ganviTarebuli procesebi

_ saparlamento umravlesobaSi bzaris gaCenidan moyolebuli misi

rRvevis CaTvliT _ iyo komponentebi erTi mTliani scenarisa (romelic

daigegma an qveynisave SigniT, an, mis farglebs gareT).

o bolo xanebSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis mTavari Sedegi _

destabilizacia marTvadia! marTvadia umravlesobac da misi marTvis

sadaveebs gardamavali upiratesobiT floben prezidenti da zurab

Jvaniac.

o politikur asparezze gamoCenili “axali moZraoba” (daviT gamyreliZisa

da levan gaCeCilaZis tandemiT) aRiqmeba rogorc SesakrebTa

83

gadanacvleba, romlis mizani _ umravlesobis dabalanseba, nawilobriv

miRweuladac SeiZleba CaiTvalos, Tumc realur politikur Zalad an

arsebiT siaxled “axali moZraoba” jer ar aRiqmeba.

o saerTo procesebis fonze vakis maJoritari deputatis arCevnebi

mniSvnelovan politikur datvirTvas iZens ZalTa dabalansebis

TvalsazrisiT da am fonze, xmauriani gancxadebebiTa da “mxedrionis”

xelaxali aRzevebis safrTxiT, politikur avanscenaze isev gamodis jaba

ioseliani.

o Zlierdeba foni saparlamento respublikis cnebis gaSinaurebisTvis.

oRond wina periodisagan gansxvavebiT, roca es Tema zurab Jvaniasgan

inicirebulad iTvleboda, figurirebs mosazrebac, rom, SesaZloa, Tavad

prezidentsac awyobdes mis Semdeg mmarTvelobis es forma, raTa aicilos

ufunqciod darCena, memkvidreze pasuxismgebloba da, sxva Tu araferi,

istoriaSi darCes saqarTvelos bolo prezidentad.

daaxloebiT aseTi suraTiT iwureboda destabilizaciisaTvis daTqmuli

periodis _ Semodgomis ori Tve. Sina Tu gare stres-faqtorebis: patimrebis

gaqcevis, “mxedrionis” gaaqtiurebis, CeCenTa mier sazRvris darRvevis, samxedro

bazebisa da savizo reJimis problemebis gamwvavebis miuxedavad, gaCnda imedi,

rom SeiZleba destabilizacia aRar Sedges. oqtombris miwuruls, TiTqos

niSani misceso, viTareba mkveTrad Seicvala. gazeT “7 dReSi” gamoqveynebuli

erTi statia, romelic TiTqos korufciis Temas exeba (“qarTul korufcias

pinoCetiviT patiosani generlebi sWirdeba”), uneblied (ar gamovricxavT, rom

sagangebodac) Sifravs im taqtikur xazss, romliTac unda ganviTardes

movlenebi. movixmobT vrcel citatas: “korumpirebuli qarTuli saxelmwifos

SemTxvevaSi es scenari ase gamoiyureba: ganviTardes procesebi logikuri gziT

_ xazinis dacarieleba, saxelmwifo struqturebis kvdoma da dezintegracia,

stagnacia ekonomikaSi da biurokratiuli wnexis gaZliereba mosaxleobas

aiZulebs gamovides quCaSi da Camoagdos mTavroba. msgavsi ram moxda

bulgareTSi, rumineTSi da sul axlaxan iugoslaviaSi.

meore varianti _ korufciisagan iZulebiT gankurneba. swored iZulebiT

da veranairad sxvanairad, radgan is adamianebi, vinc korumpirebuli

urTierTobebiT milionian sasaxleebs iSeneben da Sveicariis bankebSi

angariSebi aqvT gaxsnili, aseT urTierTobebs nebiT ar gawyveten. piriqiT,

isini sakmao damcav meqanizmebs floben da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi aamoqmedeben

kidec... cecxlsaSiS nazavs saxelad daerqmeva saqarTvelos gaTavisufleba

proamerikuli marionetuli xelisuflebisagan, erovnuli xelisuflebis

84

mosvla saTaveSi, WeSmariti faseulobebisa da tradiciebis aRdgena. anu,

klanebis dafinansebiT da xelSewyobiT “gvaCuqeben” nacionalisturi

ritorikiT aRWurvil mTavrobas, romlisac iqneba saxeli, saxravi ki visic iyo,

imasve darCeba. aseT meqanizmebs floben korufciis kaTodebi da anodebi: Sss,

prokuratura, uSiSroeba, kancelariis nawili. finansebs maTTan erTad flobs

is, vinc am uwyebebis daxmarebiT Soulobs fuls...

ramdenime axalgazrda progresulad ganwyobili parlamentari da

imdenive progresuli politikosi aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebaSi aminds ar

qmnian. isini qarTul politikur ukuneTSi oblad mocimcime cicinaTelebiviT

gamoiyurebian... ver iqna da ver gamoixata qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azri

masobriv demonstraciebSi da mitingebSi... ase, rom jer kidev gausvrel da

gulgautexel politikosebs erTi gza rCebaT: datovon saparlamento da

samTavrobo komfortuli savarZlebi da gavidnen xalxSi... daexmaron rigiT

moqalaqeebs daZlion SiSis da gulgrilobis sindromi, daarwmunon sakuTar

ZalebSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi miviRebT zemoT ukve naxsenebi ukve iugoslaviis,

rumineTis da sxvaTa variants.” (121).

xelisuflebaze “revoluciuri Setevis” scenari rom SeiniRbos da

bolomde arc “demokratiuli qveynis” imiji dairRves, parlamenti qveynis

mowyobis axali modelis Temas aaqtiurebs. Tumc, am Temis ganviTarebac

destabilizaciis wisqvilze asxams wyals, radgan saparlamento respublikis

SemoRebis aucileblobas am ideis mxardamWerebi da masmedia xsnian

saprezidento mmarTvelobis krizisiT, ufro metic, diqtaturaSi gadazrdiT.

noemberi ori faqtoris _ zamTrisa da energokrizisis dakavSirebam

bunebrivad miiyvana saSemodgomo destabilizacia pikis wertilTan.

energoblokebis isteriuli CarTva-gamorTvisa da energokrizisis Cinovnikuri

garCevebis procesze aRar SevCerdebiT, magram yuradRebas isev ipyrobs

masmediis gulmodgineba (gansakuTrebiT “rusTavi 2”-is, “aliasa” da

“rezonansis”) krizisis dinamikis daZabvisTvis.

TbilisSi, vakeSi dawyebuli aqciis organizatorebi da monawileebi

xazgasmiT amtkicebdnen, rom am gamosvlebs aramc da aramc ara aqvs

politikuri xasiaTi. presaSi ki aseTi suraTia:

“alia”, 13 noemberi, “xelisufleba socialur naRmzea”: “dRes mosaxleoba

eleqtroenergias iTxovs, xval mTavrobis gadadgomas moiTxovs, zeg

parlamentis garekvas da mazeg parlamentis Secvlas. mokled, didi

Sansia imisa, rom socialuri problemebiT gawamebulma mosaxleobam

saWiro SeZaxilis SemTxvevaSi politikuri protestic gamoxatos.

85

socialuri protestidan socialur buntamde nabiji faqtobrivad aRar

darCa. socialuri bunti ki politikuri buntis pirdapirproporciulia.”

(127).

“rezonansi”, 15 noemberi, “Cabnelebuli Tbilisi revoluciisTvis

emzadeba”, “eduard damabnelebeli” uSuqobas Seewireba!” _ acxadebdnen

mopiketeebi.”

pirvel gverdze morige redaqtoris (levan ramiSvilis) tradiciul

CanawerSi prezidentis saxe asea parodirebuli: “eduard damabnelebeli” _ ase

monaTles guSin vakelebma Cveni didi mbrZanebeli da saWeTmpyrobeli. zogma

gauzrdelma da xuliganma imis Tqmac ki gabeda, eg damabnelebeli ki ara,

bneliao. viRacam miugo, ras ambob, bneli rogor iqneba, saferSlo aqvs

damTavrebulio. atyda erTi sicili da xorxoci. prezidentis Rirsebis

SelaxvasTan gvqonda saqme”. (149)

“rezonansi”, 16 noemberi, “revolucia cota xniT gadaido”, “Zalauflebis

nawili momitingeTa da mopiketeTa sabWoebs gadaecaT”. (uneblied Cndeba

socialisturi revoluciis asociacia, cnobili lozungiT _

“Zalaufleba sabWoebs!”).

“rezonansi”, 18 noemberi, “revoluciidan revoluciamde erTi nabijia”.

“revoluciebis” qvemoT ori fotoa ganTavsebuli: erTi saarqivo,

SavTeTri, 1991-92 wlebis Setakeba rusTavelze; meore _ axali, feradi,

kadrSi _ aqcia, quCaSi danTebuli koconi da xergili. pirvel gverdzeve

_ karikatura “mefe SiSvelia!!!” – “mefis”, anu, prezidentis, anu, sabWoTa

kavSiris gmiris varskvlaviani diqtatoris, ferxTiT dayrili usulo

bavSvebi. iqvea morige redaqtoris, levan ramiSvilis Canaweri _ “guSin

qveyanas bavSvebi marTavdnen”: “...axla ukve cxovelebis jgro varT da ara

eri, radgan amdeni borotebis mere mxolod udenobiT gavgiJdiT da

gavcofdiT. arc erTi idea arafrad ar Rirs. miT ufro, arc erTi bavSvis

sicocxled ar Rirs deni. magram xval rom karikaturaze gamosaxuli

suraTi realoba gaxdes, Cven Cvens gayinul soroebSi SeviyuJebiT.” (150)

“alia”, 16 noemberi, “bunti morCa... geSinodeT!” pirvel gverdze

fotomontaJi _ marcxniv, zviad gamsaxurdia momitingeTa fonze; marjvniv

_ eduard SevardnaZe aqciis fonze. “SevardnaZis xelisuflebas msgavsi

krizisi arasodes hqonia. socialuri bunti faqtobrivad saxezea.

socialuri buntidan politikur daumorCileblobamde ki erTi nabijia”.

(128).

86

“alia”, 23 noemberi, pirvel gverdze, did Sav fonze (gverdis meoTxedze),

uzarmazari SriftiT awyobilia ori magiuri sityva “saxelmwifo

gadatrialeba?!”, marcxniv kuTxeSi ki pawia minaweria _ “deputatis

skandaluri gancxadeba”; saTauris Sesabamisi masala, saidanac vigebT,

rom Turme am “zeskandaluri” gancxadebis avtori parlamentari jemal

gamaxariaa, gazeTis me-3 gverdzea ganTavsebuli. “TargamaZe da Zalovani

uwyebebi sagangebo mdgomareobis gamosacxadeblad ezadebodnen, magram

radganac sagangebo mdgomareobis Sesaxeb kanoni ar ician, gasul

xuTSabaTsa da paraskevs bejiTad swavlobdnen. am gziT isini

faqtobrivad xelSi aiRebdnen Zalauflebas... isini, sxvaTaSoris,

parlamentSi eZebdnen kanons sagangebo mdgomareobis Sesaxeb”, _ acxadebs

gamaxaria.

destabilizaciis gamomwvev obieqtur da subieqtur mizezebze msjeloba

Cveni disertaciis farglebs scildeba. aq mxolod davafiqsirebT im versiebs,

romlebic masmediis meSveobiT warmoCinda. maTgan erT-erTi saxelmwifo

gadatrialebis zemoxsenebuli versiaa, romelic yvelaze mkveTrad “alias”

publikaciaSi iyo gamoTqmuli, Tumc, sxva formiT am versias “dilis gazeTSic”

vxvdebiT: “xelisufleba da saxelisuflo media sakuTar mosaxleobas

xelisuflebaSi maTi mosvlis wlebis gaxsenebiT aSinebs... nacvlad imisa, rom

qveyana qveyanas daamsgavsos, mtris xatebis “weriT” aris garTuli”. (163).

amave gazeTSi, politikosebis gamokiTxis (“vis aZlevs xels

destabilizacia saqarTveloSi?”) Sedegad, am versias _ xelisuflebis

dadanaSaulebas _ mxars uWers parlamentari elene TevdoraZe; parlamentari

giorgi TargamaZe xelisuflebis orive ganStoebas adanaSaulebs “marTul

destabilizaciaSi”; irina sariSvili-Wanturia ki _ yvela im Zalas, upirveles

yovlisa “moqalaqeTa kavSirs”, romlebic “SevardnaZis politikidan wasvlis

Semdeg arCevnebis gziT ver movlen xelisuflebis saTaveSi”; parlamentari

mixeil naneiSvili aqcents ruseTze akeTebs: “ragind urTierTdapirispirebuli

jgufebic unda iyvnen destabilizaciis msurvelni, maT zurgs ukan, aSkarad Tu

farulad, dgas ruseTi... es varaudi ar aris. me, ubralod, vici, rom es asea”;

“respublikelTa” lideri daviT berZeniSvili xelisuflebis damxobas

winaswarmetyvelebs: “karTageni unda daingres... moqalaqeTa kavSirSi ar aris

Sida rezervebi, romlebic SevardnaZis reJims gaakeTilSobilebda”. (100)

Tu parlamentari jemal gamaxaria zurab Jvanias winaaRmdeg mowyobili

saxelmwifo gadatrialebis varauds gamoTqvamda, parlamentari fiqria CixraZe

piriqiT _ Tavad Jvanias miiCnevs destabilizaciisaTvis xelis Semwyobad: “...rac

87

Seexeba imas, rom Jvania mivida vakeSi gamarTuli aqciis monawileebTan, aman

SeiZleba iTqvas, fsiqologiuri biZgi misca am sakiTxis kidev ufro metad

gaaqtiurebas. yvelaze metad ganvlili erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi vin saubrobda

Semodgomaze mosalodnel destabilizaciaze. es iyvnen mmarTveli Zalis

warmomadgenlebi, uSualod parlamentis Tavmjdomare. Tu isini amxela

informacias flobdnen, rom maicdamainc energetikis Temaze moxdeboda es

destabilizacia da mainc TiTi TiTze ar daakares, e.i. xeli Seuwyves am

situaciis eskalacias.” (138)

zurab Jvanias mxridan aqciebis provocirebis Temas edp-s lideri, irina

sariSvili-Wanturiac aviTarebs: “...Jvanias da “mxedrionis” mxridan aris es

aqciebi provocirebuli... “moqkavSirisTvis” SevardnaZis vadaze adre wasvla

prezidentobidan yvelaze realuri Sansia xelisuflebaSi dasarCenad... maSin

saxelmwifos pirveli piri gaxdeba parlamentis Tavmjdomare, romelmac sami

Tvis Semdeg unda daniSnos axali arCevnebi”. (“axali Taoba”, 1611.2000).

“mxedrionTan” mimarTebaSi sayuradReboa “axal 7 dReSi” gamoqveynebuli

vrceli interviu daviT berZeniSvilTan, romelic jaba ioselianTan

dakavSirebiT aseT azrs aviTarebs: “minda gamsaxurdiasa da SevardnaZisagan

orgzis gamoyenebul jaba ioselians vurCio, ise nu daxurdavdeba, amjerad

Jvanias gamoayenebinos Tavi... Tu “mxedrions” aqvs perspeqtiva, maSin es imas

niSnavs, rom momavalSi saqarTvelo gadatrialebis arenad gadaiqceva”. (90)

movlenebis ganzogadebisas Jurnalisti ia anTaZe saqarTvelos

damoukideblobis winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebul da gansaxorcielebel

procesebs ruseTisagan warmarTulad miiCnevs: “movlenebis ganviTarebis

logika aseTia: ruseTma jer iolad CaiTria Cveni fufunebis moyvaruli

xelisufleba korufciis WaobSi; Semdeg prezidents Tavisi saparlamento

umravlesobisTvis “mklavebi agrexina” Zveli mTavrobis dasamtkiceblad

(romelTanac ruseTs “sakuTari angariSebi” hqonda); bolos ki gamocxadda, rom

mmarTveli dajgufeba politikuri arenidan xalxma unda gandevnos”. (81). am

publikaciis logikiT, ruseTis xeliT warmarTuli brZolis samizned zurab

Jvaniac igulisxmeba.

sagulisxmoa, rom azrTa siWrelisa da urTierTgamomricxaobis

miuxedavad, am publikaciebs aqvs erTi saerTo _ politikosebica da

Jurnalistebic, aqciebis gamomwvev mizezebze metad, yuradRebas amaxvileben

imaze, visi agorebulia destabilizaciis talRa. yvela gamoTqvams varauds,

rom arsebuli obieqturi mizezebis miuxedavad, “uxilavi reJisoris”

warmmarTveli xeli igrZnoba am yvelafris ukan; xolo braldebebis veqtori,

88

ara mxolod pirovnuli poziciebis sxvadasxvaobis, aramed, imis mixedviTac

icvlis mimarTulebas, Tu vis interesebs gamoxataven respondentebi,

redaqciebi da Jurnalistebi.

*

presis rezonansi 2001 wlis Semodgomis movlenebze, romelsac Sedegad

parlamentis Tavmjdomarisa da mTavrobis gadadgoma mohyva, mowmobs, rom

ruseTi arc am SemTxvevaSi gamoiricxa “scenaris avtorobidan”. miT ufro, rom

droSi saeWvod daemTxva erTmaneTs terorizmSi saqarTvelos dadanaSauleba,

kodorisa da pankisis dabombva, “rusTavi 2”-is incidenti, romelmac

Tavisufali mediis dacvis sababiT, mravalricxovani mitingebis talRa aagora

da uceb gadaizarda politikur gamosvlebSi, xelisuflebisa da prezidentis

gadadgomis moTxovniT.

“Tuki CeCeni boevikebi afxazeTSi saqarTvelodan moxvdnen, es imas

niSnavs, rom maTi iq moxvedra isev rusebma uzrunvelyves saqarTvelos

xelisuflebasTan erTad. es e.w. operaciebi ki kidev erTxel adasturebs, rom

isini ruseTis mowyobilia, romelic gudauTis bazis SenarCunebas isaxavs

miznad”, _ acxadebda parlamentari koba daviTaSvili gazeT “axal TaobasTan”

interviuSi. (“axali Taoba”, 10.10.2001).

rusul onlain-mediaze dayrdnobiT, rusuli provokaciis versias

aviTarebda gazeTi “axali meridiani”: “niSandoblivia, rom zogierT rusul

internet-saitze informacia kodoris dabombvis Sesaxeb TviT sahaero dartymis

ganxorcielebamde 1 saaTiT adre gaCnda. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom “ru”-s

internetportalebs mkacrad akontrolebs ruseTis mTavrobis Sesabamisi

qvedanayofi da isini Zalian xSirad, uSualod specsamsaxurebidan sazrdooben.

maSasadame, saqme gvaqvs winaswar dagegmil provokaciasTan. ruseTma ukve

aamoqmeda sainformacio omis Zveli meTodebi.” (mamuka xurciZe, “ruseTis

qarTvelofobiuri demarSebi yovelgvar kompromiss gamoricxavs”, “axali

meridiani”, 12 oqtomberi, 2001);“...erTi-ori bombi “sruliad SemTxveviT” pankisis

xeobaSic Camovardeba da meti ra unda destabilizacias saqarTveloSi, miT

umetes zamTarSi _ uSuqobisa da sicivis periodSi. saqarTveloc

Tavisdauneburad CaerTveba CeCneTis winaaRmdeg mimarTul agresiaSi da

Semdgomad amisa rac moxdeba...…qarTvel xalxs araerTxel aqvs nagrZnobi

rusuli Ceqmis simware.” (166).

saqarTvelos xelisuflebis Secvlis erT-erTi momdevno “rusuli

scenaris” “fragmentebi” bevrgan gvxvdeba 2001 wlis noember-dekembris qarTul

presaSi da igi erTgvar krebiT formas iRebs gazeT “axal versiaSi”, romlis

89

publikaciis saTauric (“vin moqmedebda ruseTis scenariT _ TargamaZe-

patarkaciSvili Tu Jvania-saakaSvili?”) mianiSnebs or savaraudo versiaze,

mTavari mizani ki masalis lidSi figurirebs: “politologTa saerTo azriT

(publikacia eyrdnoba politologebis _ levan berZeniSvilis, givi boloTaSvilis, ramaz

klimiaSvilis, gia nodias mosazrebebs, – l.k.), ruseTi saqarTvelos mimarT Ria

agresiul politikas ukve Riad da Seufaravad awarmoebs. rusuli pilitikuri

istebliSmentisaTvis SevardnaZeE dRiTidRe ufro miuRebeli xdeba da amitom

rusul sainformacio saSualebebSic antiSevardnaZistuli isteria iwyeba. ar

aris gamoricxuli, ruseTis maRal eSelonebSi saqarTvelos xelisuflebis

Secvlis scenari iwerebodes.” (134).

xsenebuli publikaciis mixedviT pirveli versia aseTia: eqspertTa

saerTo SefasebiT, seqtembris bolos afxazeTsa da kodorSi ganviTarebuli

movlenebi mimarTuli iyo ara afxazeTis dasabruneblad, aramed, saqarTveloSi

xelisuflebis Sesacvlelad, ruseTSi SemuSavebuli scenaris mixedviT: CeCeni

teroristebis xeliT moxdeboda afxazeTis romelime regionis aReba da am

gamarjvebis gmirad gamocxaddeboda maSindeli Ss ministri kaxa TargamaZe.

qveynis mmarTveladac is mogvevlineboda. amasTan, ruseTi cdilobda

“mourjulebeli” CeCnebi moeSorebina pankisisTvis (romelic axlosaa

CeCneTTan), Caesaxlebina afxazeTSi da amiT “ori kurdReli erTad daeWira”.

meore versiis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi xaverdovani revolucia

igegmeboda. studenturi gamosvlebis ukan, ruseTis direqtiviT, Jvania-

saakaSvilis gundi idga. SevardnaZis “gadasarCenad” ruseTi gaiTamaSebda

kuCmasa da alievis analogs (roca maT “keTili feriis” rolSi “Crdiloeli

daTvi” moevlinaT) da, am samsaxuris sanacvlod, saqarTvelos rusul

orbitazeE moaqcevda.

“axali versiis” sxva publikaciis mixedviT, saqarTvelo afxazeTSi

mdgomareobis garTulebisagan amerikaSi momxdarma teraqtebma ixsna da

ruseTma saqarTveloSi “meore xazic” gaxsna. es saqarTveloSi rusuli

kapitalis Semodinebas da am gziT xelisuflebis Secvlas gulisxmobs.”

(“axali versia”, 01.10. 2001).

kidev erTxel moviSveliebT ruseTis “sagareo politikis nacionaluri

laboratoriis” analitikur masalas _ “politikuri situacia saqarTveloSi”,

romelSic aRniSnulia: “2001 wlis movlenebma uCvenes, rom “axalgazrda

reformatorebs” SeuZliaT TavianTi mxardaWerisTvis masebis mobilizeba da

masStaburi krizisis provocireba, magram maT ar ZaluZT xelisuflebis xelSi

aReba da situaciaze kontrolis SenarCuneba. 2001 wlis bolos swored

90

opozicias mouxda daTmoba.” (58) maSin, roca qarTuli presa bWobda, visi

mowyobili iyo 2001 wlis “noembris revoluciad” wodebuli krizisi, rusi

analitikosebi am sakiTxs arc saTuod xdian da arc kiTxvis niSnis qveS

ayeneben, isini konkretulad asaxeleben “adresats” _ “axalgazrda

reformatorebi”.

presis analizi erTi SexedviT paradoqsuli daskvnis saSualebasac

iZleva: ruseTisaken mimarTuli braldebebis miuxedavad, “feTqebadsaSiSi

movlenebis” inicirebiT zogierTi qarTuli gamocema lamis rusulis

identuria. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs ara faqtebis damTxveva, aramed aqcenti,

masalebis provokaciuli xasiaTi. magaliTad, gazeTi “axali versia” rusul

medias bevrad aWarbebs Tundac pankisis Temis aJitirebaSi. iqmneba

STabeWdileba, rom es gazeTi specialurad amisTvisaa Seqmnili; pirveli

nomridan moyolebuli, farTo anSlagebiT, gamomwvevi saTaurebiT, gverdidan

gverdze gardamavali vrceli masalebiT, pankisis safrTxe isea warmoCenili,

rom ruseTs isRa darCenia, dabombos xeoba (gazeTis pirvelive nomers, logos

zemoT, lamis 100-punqtiani SriftiT awyobili “qistianoba” xsnida da es

saTauri Tu mesiji, gverdidan gverdze gadadioda. am nomerSi, da zogierT sxva

nomerSic, mxolod am Temas erTdroulad ramdenime sagazeTo gverdi eTmoba).

“axali versia” gamonaklisi rodia. magaliTd, telekompania “rusTavi 2”,

pankisSi erTi Tofis gavardnisTanave, ise warmarTavda xeobidan reportaJebs,

rogorc frontis wina xazidan; verc ki moaswro ruseTma wesierad

saqarTvelos dadanaSauleba terorizmSi, rom gazeTma “rezonansma” gaSlil

gverdebze gamoaqveyna publikacia “masobrivi terorizmis safrTxe kavkasiaSi”

(“rezonansi”, 02.10.2001), romelic saqarTveloSi am safrTxis gaaqtiurebis

prognoziT mTavrdeba. xsenebuli masala STambeWdavadaa reklamirebuli

gazeTis pirvel gverdze.

sadisertacio naSromSi ukve xsenebuli presis mosazreba, rom

saqarTveloSi amerikuli fuliT rusuli interesi finansdeba, SesaZloa,

amgvar viTarebasac gulisxmobda, roca demokratiuli mediis ganviTarebisTvis

gamoyofili dasavluri grantebiTa da sxva saxis daxmarebebiT moRonierebuli

masmedia politikuri situaciebis gamwvavebisa da Sesabamisi manevrirebisaTvis

gamoiyeneboda. Tumc, aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom es ar iyo mxolod “garedan

marTuli” procesi; am manevrs saxelisuflo brZolaSi Sida politikuri

Zalebic mimarTavdnen, rac, saboloo jamSi, mniSvnelovnad azianebda ruseT-

saqarTvelos urTierTobasac da asustebda saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobas.

91

afxazeTisa da e.w. samxreT oseTis problemis ramdenime aspeqti

paradoqsia, magram, saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis problema,

afxazeTisa da e.w. samxreT oseTis Tema, namdvilad ar yofila saanalizo

periodis presis arc ZiriTadi da arc mTavari aspeqti; mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs

ara presaSi am regionebis xsenebis sixSire, aramed, misi qceva Tundac iseT

aqtualur da prioritetul aspeqtad, rogoradacaa, magaliTad, warmodgenili

presaSi saxelisuflo brZolebi. ZiriTadad, am regionebTan dakavSirebuli

presis aqcentebi viTardeba destabilizaciuri procesebis, saqarTvelosTan

ruseTisa da dasavleTis mimarTebis konteqstSi da a.S. es viTareba, ra Tqma

unda, ar aris ganpirobebuli presis daudevrobiTa da ugulisyurobiT.

miuxedavad imisa, rom TiTqosda teritoriuli problemis mogvareba umTavresi

prioritetia, ar igrZnoba rom saxelmwifo Tavisi saxelmwifoebrivi

cnobierebis arealSi aqcevdes am regionebs, iqauri mosaxleobis problemebs.

maSin, roca, erTis mxriv, mwvaved vreagirebT maTTvis ruseTis moqalaqeobis

miniWebaze, Cvenis mxriv, igive moqalaqeebi distancirebuli gvyavs saqarTvelos

saxelmwifos sivrcidan, Sesabamisad, sainformacio arealidanac.

afxazeTi (ufro iSviaTad e.w. samxreT oseTi) presaSi moixsenieba

politikuri kapitalis dagrovebisTvis, rogorc xelisuflebis, aseve,

opoziciis, mxridan, emociuri gancxadebebis doneze, pragmatizmis gareSe, an _

samitingo-patriotuli paTosis gasaZliereblad.

organizacia “Serigebis resursis” mxardaWeriT Seqmnil uaRresad

sayuradRebo naSromSi _ “afxazeTi qarTveli politikosebis winasaarCevno

meniuSi” (naSromi eyrdnoba 2003-2004 wlebis presis publikaciebs), xazgasmiTaa

aRniSnuli, rom “afxazeTi ar yofila winasaarCevno Tema, arc 2003 wlis

saparlamento, arc 2004 wlis saprezidento, da arc 2004 wlis ganmeorebiTi

saparlamento arCevnebis dros”; rom “afxazeTis Temam dakarga is simwvave da

aqtualoba, rac mas ramdenime wlis winaT hqonda; rom “politikur partiebs

dRemde ar warmoudgeniaT am problemasTan mimarTebaSi arc axali ideebi, arc

axali konceptualuri damokidebuleba.” (29, III)

90-ian da 2000-2002 wlebSic, afxazeTisa da e.w. samxreT oseTis problema

ZiriTadad isev eTnokonfliqtad iwodeba, iseve rogorc rusul mediaSi; da

presaSi umTavresad gvxvdeba mosazreba, rom konfliqtebis gasaRebi ruseTSi

Zevs. amave periodSi presaSi figurirebs termini “gayinuli konfliqtebi” da

mosazreba, rom ruseTs awyobs konfliqtebis gayinva da arsebuli status qvos

SenarCuneba, vidre Tundac maTi asocirebul wevrebad miReba, miT ufro _

92

damoukideblobis aRiareba (magaliTad, politologi ramaz sayvareliZe

miiCnevda, rom ruseTs ar awyobs am konfliqtebis bolomde mogvareba, raTa ar

dakargos saqarTveloze zewolis SesaniSnavi berketebi); 2002 wlidan, Crdilo

atlantikuri integraciis veqtoris gamokveTasTan erTad, presaSi

konfliqtebis mogvarebis imedi ufro da ufro ukavSirdeba nato-Si

saqarTvelos SesaZlo gawevrianebas; icvleba definiciac _ separatistuli

regionebi, eTnokonfliqtebis nacvlad; 2003-2004 wlidan, nato-s Temis

gaaqtiurebasTan dakavSirebiT, presaSi Cndeba mosazrebebi, rom SesaZloa, nato-

Si migviRon mougvarebeli konfliqtebiT, an _ afxazeTisa da oseTis gareSe.

arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa saangariSo masalebSi, konfliqtologTa da

politologTa leqsikaSi gamoiyeneba termini _ gandgomili regionebi, magram

presaSi man fexi ver moikida. “gandgomili regioni”, ZiriTadad, aWaris

konteqstSi gvxvdeba. “vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg, saqarTvelos

saxelmwifoebriv sivrceSi aWaris dabrunebisTanave, presaSi gaaqtiurda,

daaxloebiT iseTive scenariT, afxazeTisa da e.w. samxreT oseTis SemoerTebis

aqcenti da ruseTis ganxilva ara Suamavlad, aramed konfliqtis mxared.

sadisertacio naSromis Sesabamis qveTavebSi nawilobriv asaxulia

afxazeTsa da e.w. samxreT oseTTan dakavSirebuli aspeqtebi (sagareo

urTierTobaTa, destabilizaciis konteqstSi da a.S.). amjerad, mokled

SevCerdebiT 2004 wlis agvistos “cxinvalis konfliqtze”.

“Cven dagvayenes amgvari realobis winaSe _ saqarTveloSi SeiZleba

Zalian mniSvnelovani konfliqti daiwyos”, _ ganacxada 19 agvistos, cxinvalSi

ganviTarebul movlenebTan dakavSirebiT gamarTul sagangebo brifingze,

saqarTvelos prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma, _ “Cven bolo dReebSi gviSendnen

ramdenime simaRlidan, gviSenda e.w. mesame Zala, romelic, ra Tqma unda,

araviTari mesame Zala ar aris. dRes diliT, irakli oqruaSvilis

xelmZRvanelobiT, Cvenma nawilma am Zalis ganadgureba, mwyobridan mTlianad

gamoyvana da am simaRleebis dakaveba moaxerxa. am simaRleebis dakaveba Cven

saSualebas gvaZlevs konfliqtis zonaSi arsebuli Zalebis axali gadajgufeba

movaxdinoT. Cven mzad varT, am simaRleebis kontroli sammxriv samSvidobo

kontingents gadavceT, romelSic qarTvelebic Sedian...…amis Semdgom

mowinaaRmdeges aRar eqneba sababic ki, raTa gaamarTlos situaciis Semdgomi

eskalacia. magram yvelas axsovdes _ es mSvidobisaTvis bolo Sansia.” (“24

saaTi”, 20.08.2004)

prezidenti amgvari gancxadebis Semdeg, cxinvalis regionidan qarTuli

samxedroebis gamoyvanis gadawyvetilebam SeaSfoTa adgilobrivi qarTuli

93

mosaxleoba; maT gzac ki gadauRobes samxedroebs. “TuUosebi erT bombs

Camoagdeben, Cveni jari 15 wuTSi cxinvalSi iqneba“, _ ganacxada Ss ministrma

irakli oqruaSvilma.

“24 saaTis” informaciiT, “19 agvistos, feriscvalebis dRes, saqarTvelo

did sisxlisRvras gadaurCa. rodesac Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma, irakli

oqruaSvilma qarTul-osuri konfliqtis zonaSi arsebuli ramdenime

strategiuli simaRle daikava, ruseTis armiis regularuli nawilebi, Turme,

mzad iyvnen saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg saomari moqmedebebis dasawyebad. 40

Sveulmfreni, 80-mde “beempe”, aTeulobiT tanki, saxmeleTo da saaviacio

desanti rokis gvirabTan iyo koncentrirebuli da Setevaze gadasvlis

brZanebas eloda. “Cven Zalian seriozuli safrTxe avicileT Tavidan”, _

ganacxada saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavdacvisa da uSiSroebis komitetis

Tavmjdomarem, givi TargamaZem, romlis TqmiTac, sami rusuli samxedro

SenaerTi rokis gvirabTan isev srul sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi imyofeba. givi

TragamaZem masmedias warudgina videomasala, romelSic naCvenebia, Tu rogor

emzadebian ruseTis sajariso SenaerTebi samxreT oseTis teritoriaze

SesaWrelad.” (“24 saaTi”, 25.08.2004)

konfliqtolog paata zaqareiSvilis azriT, saakaSvilis SeTavazeba,

romelic qarTuli SenaerTebis mier aRebuli strategiuli obieqtebis

samSvidoboebisTvis daTmobas Seexeboda, meore swori nabijia; pirveli swori

nabiji ergneTis bazrobis daketva iyo; danarCeni yvela nabiji _ pirveli

ledis regionSi Casvla, gorSi tankebis Seyvana, blokpostebis Seqmna _ es iyo

Secdomebis rigi, romelmac seriozul krizisamde migviyvana. krizisidan

gamosvlisaTvis yvelaze swori prezidentis gadawyvetileba iyo. (“rezonansi”,

20.08.2004)

eqspertebi movlenebis ganviTarebis ramdenime variants ganixilavdnen;

aleqsandre rondelis azriT, ruseTs aqvs sami gza: SeierTos e.w. samxreT

oseTi, SeinarCunos iq status qvo, an dauTmos saqarTvelos. pirveli _ ar

SeuZlia, mesame _ ar unda, rCeba meore _ SeinarCunos status qvo, anu, gayinos

konfliqti da amiT isargeblos _ mudmivad akontrolos situacia

saqarTveloSi. Tavdapirvelad qarTuli mxare konfliqtis zonidan zedmeti

iaraRis gatanas moiTxovda, dRes ki yuradRebas saerTaSoriso kontrolis

damyarebaze amaxvilebs. eqspertTa varaudiT, Tu srul demilitarizaciazea

saubari, maSin qarTul mxares, iseve rogorc osur da rusul mxareebs,

konfliqtis zonaSi 500 kaciani samSvidobo misiis nawili rCeba, rac isev

ruseTs uxsnis xel-fexs; arsebul viTarebaSi yvelaze sariskod qarTuli

94

soflebidan xalxis daclis procesi iTvleba. rusul-osuri strategiis kidev

erTi Canafiqri qarTvelebsa da osebs Soris SedarebiT damTbari urTierTobis

sabolood gafuWebaa, rasac nawilobriv ukve Seesxa xorci, roca konfliqtis

zonaSi orive mxares pirveli msxverpli gaCnda.

rac Seexeba msxverpls, presaSi ar gvxvdeba oficialuri cnobebi,

gazeTebi sxvadasxva cifrs asaxeleben (magaliTad, 19 agvistos “rezonansi”

iuwyeba, rom samaCabloSi srolebis dawyebidan 26 qarTveli jariskacia

daRupuli); amasTan, aRniSnaven, rom orive mxare _ cxinvalic da Tbilisic,

cdilobs ar gaaxmauros mebrZolTa daRupvisa da daWris faqtebi.

paralelurad, prezidenti saakaSvili da xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi

xazgasmiT aRniSnaven samxedroebis profesionalizmsa da simamaces.

cxinvalis regionSi Seqmnili viTarebis formulireba presaSi

araerTgvaria; movlenebis gaSuqebisas “axali versia”, “alia”, “xvalindeli

dRe” xSirad iyeneben gansazRvrebas _ “omi”, sxvebi am formulirebisagan Tavs

ikaveben. “xelisufleba ar aRiarebs, rom es omia da kvlav konfliqtis

mSvbidobiani gziT daregulirebaze saubrobs. aRniSnul situacias

saparlamento opozicia mwvave Sefasebas aZlevs... maTi gancxadebiT,

konfliqtis zonaSi realurad omi gvaqvs saxeze, romelsac aRiarebac ar

sWirdeba.” (“xvalindeli dRe”, 20.08.2004)

parlamentis Tavdacvisa da uSiSroebis komitetis Tavmjdomaris

moadgile nika rurua: “araviTari omi es ar aris. esaa mSvidobis

dasamyareblad da Cveni sakuTari moqalaqeebis sicocxlis dasacavad

Catarebuli specoperacia. saerTod, omi, rogorc cnobilia, cxaddeba. ar

SeiZleba omi gamoucxado Sens sakuTar teritorias! Cven konstituciur

wesrigs vamyarebT sakuTar teritoriaze, romelsac aRiarebs yvela

demokratiuli qveyana (amas, sxvaTa Soris, cnobs iseTi arademokratiuli

qveyanac, rogoric ruseTia).” (“axali Taoba”, 20.08.2004)N

cxinvalis regionSi Seqmnilma krizisulma viTarebam gaamwvava ruseT-

saqarTvelos urTierToba da, rogorc presa aRniSnavs, igi ara mxolod

daubrunda “civi omis” mdgomareobas, aramed Ria dapirispirebis saxe miiRo.

qarTul mediaSi gaZlierda negatiuri muxti kremlis imperialisturi

politikisa da prezident putinis mimarT, Tumc, rusuli mediis gaagresiuleba

saqarTvelos mimarT gacilebiT TvalSisacemia (prezidenti saakaSvili

“izvestiam” hitlersac ki Seadara).

“gorbis” direqtor merab faCulias komentariT, sainformacio omma

sagrZnoblad Secvala saSualo rusi moqalaqis damokidebuleba saqarTveloSi

95

mimdinare movlenebis mimarT. 12-17 ivliss ruseTis masStabiT Catarebulma

sazogadoebrivi azris gamokiTxvam (1500 respondenti) aseTi Sedegi aCvena:

prezident saakaSvilis mimarT ndoba, gasuli ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi, 27%-dan

11%-mde daeca; miuxedavad antiqarTuli kampaniisa, mxolod 3 punqtiT Semcirda

saqarTvelos mimarT ruseTis mosaxleobis dadebiTi damokidebuleba _ dRes

mosaxleobis 40% dadebiTadaa ganwyobili Cveni qveynis mimarT; gamokiTxulTa

umravlesoba _ 53%, saqarTvelos mTavrobas akisrebs pasuxismgeblobas ruseT-

saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobis gamwvavebisTvis; Semdegi _ SeerTebuli

Statebia, SedarebiT mokrZalebuli maCvenebliT _ 15%; ruseTis mTavroba _ 8%;

oseTis _ 5%. (“rezonansi”, 20.08.2004)

ruseTis “mesame Zalad” dasaxelebis Semdeg, saqarTvelos xelisuflebis

warmomadgenlebi saubrobdnen imaze, rom maT xelT arsebuli mtkicebulebebis

gamomzeurebiT ruseTs oficialurad daedeboda brali separatistTa

daxmarebaSi. saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavdacvisa da uSiSroebis komiteti

iSveliebda videokadrebs, romelzec asaxuli iyo rusuli desantisa da

ruseTis regularuli armiis nawilebis gadmosxma rokis gvirabs aqeT; ruseTis

federaciis sagareo saqmeTa saministrom ki gaakeTa specialuri gancxadeba,

rom saqarTvelom ver moaxerxa im mtkicebulebebis gamomzeureba, rac ruseTs

pirdapir daadanaSaulebda cxinvalis regionSi konfliqtis provocirebaSi.

cxinvalSi Seqmnili saomari mdgomareobis fonze oficialuri moskovis

pozicia gaurkveveli iyo, prezidenti putini poziciis Riad gamovlenas ar

Cqarobda. 18 agvistos, soWSi gamarTul preskonferenciaze, putinma uaryo

“Tezisi” imis Sesaxeb, rom konfliqti ormxriv, qarTul-rusuli konfliqtis

xasiaTs iZens da saqarTveloSi situaciis gamwvaveba 1990-iani wlebis

movlenebis recidivad gamoacxada. misi gancxadebiT, eTnokonfliqtebi daiwyo

saqarTvelos mier damoukideblobis gamocxadebisa da afxazeTisa da samxreT

oseTis avtonomiebis gauqmebis Taobaze “suleluri gadawyvetilebiT”. putinma

ganacxada imis Taobazec, rom aRar apirebs Semodgomaze saqarTveloSi

Casvlas. (19 agvistos presa, 2004)

qarTulma sainformacio saagento “inter-presma” “kremlis erT-erTi

yvelaze Tavxeduri politikuri demarSi” uwoda soWSi ruseTis prezidentis

vladimer putinis Sexvedras afxazeTis TviTgamocxadebuli respublikis

premier-ministrsa da prezidentobis kandidat raul xajinbasTan. “putinma

afxazeTis separatisti prezidenti ukve daniSna”, _ wers gazeTi “rezonansi”.

(“rezonansi”, 31.08.2004)

96

politolog ramaz sayvareliZis komentariT, ruseTs awyobs gamwvavebuli

konfliqtebi. mas konfliqtis mospoba erT dReSi SeuZlia, magram surs meti

daZabuloba am regionSi, raTa gavlenis SenarCuneba SeZlos. politologi

eWvobs, rom ruseTs kavkasiuri marwuxi sWirdeba imisTvisac, rom amerikasTan

ekonomikur sakiTxebze ivaWros kavkasiis sanacvlod. (“rezonansi”, 20.08.2004)

sabrZolo moqmedebebis Sewyvetis Semdegac, “axali versia”, romlis

avtormac, gazeTis gancxadebiT, “yvela JurnalistisTvis daxurul

gasaidumloebul zonaSi SeaRwia”, aqveynebs specialur reportaJs _ “rusul-

osuri samxedro manqana sangrebs Txris da axali omisaTvis emzadeba”. (“axali

versia”, 27.08.2004)

cxinvali isev cdilobs Tavisi pirobebi wauyenos saqarTvelos

xelisuflebas _ de faqto xelisuflebis informaciis departamentis

xelmZRvaneli irina gagloeva iwunebs euTo-s moqmedi Tavmjdomaris, soloman

pasis mier Jvania-kokoiTis Sexvedris adgilad SeTavazebul qveyanas _

bulgareTs; gagloevas gancxadebiT, es qveyana saqarTvelos iaraRs awvdis da

Sexvedris CatarebisTvis yvelaze Sesaferis neitralur teritoriad moskovs

asaxelebs. (“axali Taoba”, 31.08.2004)

“alias” politikuri mimomxilvelis informaciiT, saqarTveloze

zemoqmedebisTvis kremli, tradiciulad, moskovSi myofi figurebis

gaaqtiurebasac gegmavs. male moskovSi axali politikuri partia dafuZndeba,

romelSic Tavs moiyris yvela ganawyenebuli Cinovniki. “imas, rac ver moaxerxa

igor giorgaZem SevardnaZis winaaRmdeg, axla abaSiZe, kokoiTi da xajinba

erTad ganaxorcieleben, oRond ukve saakaSvilis winaaRmdeg.” (“alia”, 31.08.2004)

“alia”, aseve, aqveynebs intervius afxazeTis umaRlesi sabWos yofil

TavmjdomaresTan, Tamaz nadareiSvilTan, romlis informaciiTac mzaddeba

dokumenti dsT-is sivrceSi afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis suverenitetis

aRiarebis sakiTxis ganxilvisTvis. (“alia”, 31.08.2004)

paralelurad, presa aRniSnavs, rom maSin, roca cxinvalis regionSi

separatistebi qarTul soflebs bombavdnen, prezident saakaSvilis,

parlamentis Tavmjdomarisa da saqarTvelos sagareo uwyebis araerTgzis

mimarTvis miuxedavad, saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, maT Soris evrokavSiri,

evrosabWo da euTo, konkretuli poziciis dafiqsirebisagan Tavs ikavebdnen.

(agvistos Sua ricxvebSi euTos samdivnos mier gamoqveynebul gancxadebaSi

zogadad naTqvamia, rom qarTul-osuri konfliqtis zonaSi saomari

moqmedebebis eskalacia da adamianebis daRupva mkacrad unda daigmos). rusuli

agresiisa da saerTaSoriso dumilis fonze presaSi ikveTeboda eWvi _ xom ar

97

darCeba saqarTvelo kvlav marto, ruseTis imperialisturi zraxvebis pirispir,

rogorc es araerTxel momxdara.

konfliqtis zonidan jaris gamoyvanis Taobaze saqarTvelos prezidentis

gadawyvetilebis Semdeg TiTqmis yvela evropulma struqturam Tavisi pozicia

ukve Riad daafiqsira. gansakuTrebiT gaaqtiurda evrokavSiri, romelmac

ganacxada, rom “aRiarebs saqarTvelos uflebas, gaakontrolos sakuTari

sazRvrebi, maT Soris ruseTis sazRvarze myofi rokis gvirabi”. (“axali

versia”, 23.08.2004)

amerikis SeerTebulma Statebma mouwoda samxreT oseTis konfliqtis

yvela mxares da euTo-s sxva partniorebs _ maqsimalurad gamoiyenon

saqarTvelos mier cxinvalidan jaris gamoyvaniT Seqmnili pozitiuri momenti

da Seqmnan molaparakebebis efeqturi meqanizmi sakiTxis politikuri

gadawyvetisaTvis, romlis farglebSic SenarCunebuli iqneba samxreT oseTis

avtonomiuri statusi saqarTveloSi. “saqarTvelos unari, ganaxorcielos

seriozuli reformebi, damokidebulia mSvidobasa da stabilurobaze”, _

naTqvami iyo aSS-is saxelmwifo departamentis gancxadebaSi. (“rezonansi”,

24.08.2004)

cxinvalis konfliqtis gamwvavebas, sainformacio TvalsazrisiT,

saqarTvelosTvis erTi arsebiTi Sedegi mohyva: saqarTvelos xelisuflebis

mier ruseTis aRiareba konfliqtSi dainteresebul mxared, rasac

rezonansulad mohyva ucxour mediaSi adekvaturi aqcentis gaCena.

“mTavari gazeTis” formulirebiT, e.w. samxreT oseTSi ganviTarebulma

movlenebma ruseT-saqarTvelos keTilmezobluri Tanacxovrebis “ganaxlebuli

idea” sapnis buStiviT gaaqro. saqarTvelos parlamentma ruseTi msoflios

winaSe qarTul-osur konfliqtSi monawile, dainteresebul mxared

oficialurad daasaxela da Sesabamisi gancxadebis safuZvelze saerTaSoriso

organizaciebs cxinvalis regionSi ruseTis samSvidobo mandatis Sesawyvetad

daxmareba sTxova. (“mTavari gazeTi”, 14.08.2004)

98

Tavi III

saxelisuflo brZolebi _ presis ZiriTadi Tema

es monakveTi, SeiZleba iTqvas, winamdebare sadisertacio naSromis

centraluri nawilia, radgan, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, saanalizo monakveTSi

presa ZiriTadad asaxavda saxelisuflo bataliebs da gamoxatavda

xelisuflebisaTvis warmoebuli brZolis interess. kidev erTxel aRvniSnavT,

rom mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs presis mTavari tendenciebi da mTavari Temebi,

romelic saerToa mTeli am periodisTvis. xelisuflebis samive Stoc

(sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebeli da sasamarTlo), gansakuTrebiT _ parlamenti

da mTavroba, presis yuradRebis sagani umTavresad am konteqstSi xdeba.

saxelisuflo brZolis veqtorebi da etapebi, pirobiTad, ase ikveTeba:

o parlamentisa da mTavrobis dapirispireba (2000-2001 wlebi)

o dapirispireba mmarTveli partiis _ “moqkavSiris” wiaRSi (2000-2001)

o dapirispireba politikur Zalebsa da interesebs Soris

(“moqkavSiri–aRorZineba”, “gaerTianebuli demokratebi”-

“nacionaluri moZraoba” _ ”moqkavSiri” da a.S.) _ 2000-2003 wlebi

o pirovnuli dapirispirebebi

am dayofis pirobiToba upirvelesad gulisxmobs imas, rom

institucionaluri dapirispirebisa da, ufro metic, qveynis orientaciaze

azrTa sxvadasxvaobis SemTxvevaSic, realurad, ikveTeba ara konceptualuri,

aramed pirovnuli faqtori (magaliTad, parlamenti-kancelariis dapirispireba

Jvania-SevardnaZis dapirispirebaa; gardacvlili nugzar sajaias nacvlad,

uSiSroebis mdivnad aSS-Si saqarTvelos elCis, Tedo jafariZis daniSvna

ganixileba SevardnaZis prodasavlurobis niSnad da a.S.). “Zvelsa” da “axals”,

e.w. retrogradebsa da e.w. reformatorebs Soris dapirispirebac, saboloo

jamSi, pirovnul dapirispirebamde dadis da aRmoCndeba, rom aqac wina planze

xelisuflebisaTvis brZolis interesia da ara mxolod sabWouri

memkvidreobidan gaTavisuflebisa da qveynis demokratiuli gardaqmnis mizani.

filosofosi gigi TevzaZe, Tavis filosofiur-politikur eseebSi

(“Zalauflebis simulacia” da “saqarTvelo: Zalauflebis dabruneba”),

postsabWoTa saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebs ganixilavs, rogorc

“demokratiis da liberaluri momavlis simulacias”. eduard SevardnaZis

“reliqturi xelisufleba” (romelic Tavdapirvelad TviTonac aqtiurad

monawileobda “simulaciuri orbitebis” SeqmnaSi) “...ufrTxoda, erTi mxriv,

99

dasavleTs, romelsac warmoebul simulaciaSi liberaluri demokratiis

garantis roli hqonda miniWebuli, xolo meore mxriv, samoqalaqo

sazogadoebas, romelic amave simulaciis scenarSi demokratiis ZiriTadi

damcvelis saxiT iyo warmodgenili.” (xazi avtoris, _ l.k.) (25, 33-34)

gigi TevzaZis eseisturma xedvam gansakuTrebiT miipyro Cveni yuradReba

ori ZiriTadi mizeziT: erTi, rom igi ara mxolod filosofiis doqtoria,

aramed, samoqalaqo seqtoris gavleniani aqtori da mcodne postsabWoTa

saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebisa; meorec, zemoaRniSnul eseebSi

ganviTarebuli Tvalsazrisebi “dokumenturad” dasturdeba bolo 10 wlis

ganmavlobaSi Cvens mier warmoebuli mediaanaliziTa da mediamonitoringiT.

“simulirebuli demokratiis” Tema SemTxveviT ar SemovitaneT

disertaciis am nawilSi. erTi SexedviT, is “saxelmwifos” nakveTs ufro

esadageboda, magram rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT, sabWoTa “fantomuri” realobidan

(merab mamardaSvili) “simulirebul” realobaSi saqarTvelos gadanacvlebis

gza swored saxelisuflo brZolebis wina xazze gadis. rogorc gigi TevzaZe

wers, “simulaciis proeqti xels aZlevda yvelas _ maTac, visac ZalauflebaSi

mosvla undoda, da maTac, visac ar undoda wasuliyo Zalauflebidan: anu, es

awyobda rogorc im gunds, romelic Jvanias garSemo yalibdeboda, aseve im

gundsac, romelic Tavs ikrebda SevardnaZis garSemo.” (25, 36)

zurab Jvanias “politikuri goni” _ miTi Tu realoba

saxelisuflo brZolebis ZiriTadi peripetiebis ganxilvamde mokled

SevexebiT winapirobas im politikuri personis da gundis formirebisa,

romelic, eduard SevardnaZesTan tandemsa Tu masTan konfrontaciaSi, 2000-2003

wlebSi arsebiTad gansazRvravda politikuri speqtris konfiguraciasac da

saxelmwifos saSinao Tu sagareo politikis veqtorebis mimarTulebas; xolo

“vardebis revoluciis” Semdgom periodSi, zurab Jvanias gardacvalebamde

(2003-is noembridan 2005-is Tebervlamde) _ mixeil saakaSvilTan tandemSi (da

Ria Tu faruli konkurenciis pirobebSi), marTavda postSevardnaZistul

saqarTvelos.

sagangebod unda SevCerdeT 2000 wels “dilis gazeTis” sam nomerSi

saerTo saTauriT (“qarTuli politikuri goni _ miTi Tu realoba”, avtori _

irakli liTaniSvili) gamoqveynebul sam publikaciaze: “Jvanias hqonda

politikosisaTvis aucilebeli ramdenime Tviseba” (25 maisi), “yvelaze Zlieri

da perspeqtiuli figura... SevardnaZis Semdeg” (26 maisi), “vin gadasZalavs _

100

Jvania Tu SevardnaZe” (30 maisi). unda aRiniSnos, rom es aris kargad

gaazrebuli analitikuri statiebi, romelTa avtori gonivrulad aanalizebs

da sagangebo pativs miagebs saqarTveloSi dabrunebuli eduard SevardnaZis

sakadro politikas, SeiaraRebuli “saZmoebis” TareSis periodidan

moyolebuli “moqalaqeTa kavSiris” saarCevno gamarjvebamde, da am fonze

damajereblad warmoaCens zurab Jvanias politikuri zrdis etapebs:

I periodi _ Jvaniam erovnuli moZraobis qaosiT mocul periodSi Seqmna

partia, romelic Tavisi miznebiT izidavda xalxis interessac, dasavleTis

mxardaWerasac... saxelmwifo sabWoSi man zustad airCia orientirebi da

iswavla aqcentebis dasma iq, sadac saWiro iyo da rogorc saWiro iyo...

paralelurad, man Seqmna patara, magram erTguli da mobiluri gundi.

II periodi (1995 wlis Semdeg) _ man unaklod aiTvisa kuluaruli

intrigebis, svlebis teqnologia, “dayavi da ibatones” principi: daxliCa edp,

riTac didwilad gaaneitrala “moqkavSiris” ZiriTadi konkurenti... zurab

Jvaniam SesaniSnavad SeigrZno gundurobis principis momgebianoba da aqcenti

gadaitana ara mxolod sakuTari personis reklamirebaze (rogorc amas irina

sariSvili akeTebda), aramed asparezze gamoiyvana da SesaniSnavi imiji Seuqmna

Tavis gunds araerTi axali saxeliT _ mixeil saakaSvili, mixeil maWavariani,

nino CxobaZe, revaz adamia, nino burjanaZe, elene TevdoraZe da sxv. amasTan,

TiToeuls gamorCeuli funqcia daakisra, riTac mosaxleobis faqtobrivad

yvela fenaze imuSava...

Jvaniam SesaniSnavad aawyo urTierTobebi dasavleTTan. igi demokratisa

da reformatoris imijiT sargeblobs, aqvs gavleniani kontaqtebi dasavleTis

politikur da ekonomikur wreebTan da erT-erTi upirvelesTagania, visac

dasavleTi postSevardnaZistuli saqarTvelos liderad aRiqvams... amasTan,

Jvaniam kidev erTxel gonivrulad gaTvala da poziciebi gaimyara regionSi

saqarTvelos umTavres partniorTan _ azerbaijanTan, sadac mas araCveulebrivi

finansuri da politikuri kavSirebi aqvs... erT-erT praqtikul da momgebian

nabijad Jvanias unda CaeTvalos presasTan da arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan

zedmiwevniT daxvewili urTierTobebis awyoba... am periodSi igi Camoyalibda

udavod seriozul, angariSgasawev, gamWriax, gonier da Zlier politikosad.

III periodi _ zurab Jvanias morigi, mesame “xuTwleuli” _ Jvanias Stabi

maqsimalurad cdilobda prezidentis winasaarCevno kampaniisaTvis (2000 wlis

saprezidento arCevnebi _ l.k.) ar gaekarebina saxelmwifo kancelariis Sesabamisi

struqturebi. rogorc Cans, Jvanias surda saarCevno kampaniis mTeli simZime

maqsimalurad aeRo TavisTavze, raTa arCevnebSi sasurveli Sedegis miRwevis

101

SemTxvevaSi, madlobis niSnad prezidentisagan aseve maqsimumi gamoeTxova...

Jvania iTxovda mTavrobis, faqtobrivad, srulad dakompleqtebas; anu, rac

SeiZleba meti saxelisuflebo berketis xelSi aRebas postSevardnaZistul

epoqaSi lideris poziciis SesanarCuneblad...

Jvanias win udevs, saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, “moqalaqeTa kavSiris” daxvewa-

gadaxalisebis, an, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, Tavisi birTvis safuZvelze axali

konglomeratis (amjerad myari) Seqmnis procesi. (131; 132; 133)

ganxiluli publikaciebi ar aidealebs zurab Jvanias yvela Tvisebas da

politikur nabijs, yuradRebas amaxvilebs mis mier Tundac im periodSi

daSvebul arsebiT Secdomebze (eduard SevardnaZis SesaZleblobebis

saTanadod Seufasebloba da misi Zalauflebis droze adre SezRudvis

mcdeloba, sulswrafoba, Sesaferi droisa da momentis verSerCeva...), riTac

ufro met damajereblobas iZens.

davubrundeT gigi TevzaZis zemoxsenebul eses, romelSic kargadaa

axsnili, rogor Cajda Jvanias faqtori SevardnaZis saxelisuflo

teqnologiaSi: SevardnaZes “sWirdeboda adamiani, vinc pasuxismgeblobas

aiRebda mis gadawyvetilebebze. aseTi kaci ki, arsebul kandidaturebs Soris,

mxolod Jvania iyo. ase iqca Jvania aTkaciani fraqciis lideridan

Zalauflebis moziared _ marTalia, jerjerobiT mxolod pasuxismgeblobis

aspeqtSi, magram yvelaferi imaze miuTiTebda, rom male gadawyvetilebis

nawilic misi sakuTreba gaxdeboda.” 1995 wels Jvania parlamentis

Tavmjdomared airCies da man “Zalauflebis sakuTari wilic miiRo”; “... es iyo

pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac SevardnaZem aSkarad gayo Zalaufleba: parlamenti

Jvanias Caabara demokratiisa da Zalauflebis simulirebisaTvis, xolo

aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba _ lekiSvils, Zveli xelisuflebis subieqtebis

gamocdili meTodebiT sakontrolod.” (25, 19-20)

am masalebis Sejereba warmodgenas iZleva ara mxolod Jvanias

Zalauflebis anatomiaze, aramed kargad Sifravs sadisertacio naSromis am

nawilSi aRwerili saxelisuflo brZolebis ganviTarebis kanonzomierebas da,

amasTan, saSualebas gvaZlevs am sqemas SevudaroT Sesabamisi procesebis

proeqcia presaSi.

102

parlamentisa da mTavrobis dapirispireba

2000 wlis april-maisSi, telekompania ”rusTavi 2”-ma, “rezonansma”,

“aliam”, “dilis gazeTma”, gaamZafres xelisuflebis sakanonmdeblo da

aRmasrulebel Stoebs Soris warmoSobili daZabuloba; rogorc “alia” werda,

“SevardnaZe am ori saxelisuflo Stos uTanxmoebis epicentrSi moeqca.

orTabrZola TiTqos daSantaJebis formasac ki iZens. SantaJis obieqtad isev

SevardnaZes iyeneben.” (“alia”, 30.04.2000)

sagazeTo statiebsa da satelevizio eTerSi musirebda amgvari

formulirebebi: “impiCmentis mcdeloba”, “prezidentis uflebebis seriozuli

sekvestri”, “prezidentma konstitucia daarRvia”, “sakanonmdeblo sabotaJi”,

“sabotaJis momwyobi ministrebi”, “samTavrobo portfelebis uzurpaciis

mcdeloba momavalSi saprezidento taxtis dasapyrobad” da a.S.

konstituciis Tanxmad prezidentis inauguraciis Semdeg isedac

uflebamosilebamoxsnili saxelmwifo ministrisa da mTavrobis gadadgomis

moTxovnas parlamentis mxridan, aqtiuri Jurnalisturi mxardaWera mohyva,

xolo parlamentis iniciativa mTavrobis pasuxismgeblobis Semswavleli

droebiTi sagamoZiebo komisiis Seqmnis Sesaxeb, xmauriani Jurnalisturi

aJiotaJis sababad iqca. Jurnalisturi tendencia, tradiciulad, saTaurebSive

gamJRavnda: “me var qurdi, ese igi me var xelisuflebaSi” (igulisxmeba mTavroba, _

l.k.) (“rezonansi”, 24.04.2000); “kancelariaSi saWiros verafers gagagebineben”;

“xelisufalTa arakompetenturobisa da danaSaulebrivi qmedebis Sedegad

saxelmwifo biujetidan milionebi gadis” (”dilis gazeTi”, 12,13.04. 2000); “hyavs

Tu ara saqarTvelos mTavroba?”; “parlamenti mkvdris dasaflavebaze uars

acxadebs” (”dilis gazeTi”, 28.04.2000).

parlamenti-kancelariis dapirispireba rom isev da isev personaluri

saxelisuflo brZolaa, kargad ikiTxeba “rezonansis” pirveli gverdis

anSlagSi _ “pasuxismgebeli pirvel rigSi SevardnaZea”, da karikaturaSi,

romelzec gamosaxulni arian ringze dacemuli lorTqifaniZe, gamarjvebuli,

muStSemarTuli mokrive Jvanias Zlevamosili figura da mis iRliaSi SeyuJuli

daCiavebuli prezidenti. (“rezonansi”, 06.05.2000)

zurab Jvanias realuri konkurentis, saxelmwifo ministr vaJa

lorTqifaniZis gadadgoma Tanamdebobidan CaiTvala ara mxolod

lorTqifaniZis damarcxebad, aramed prezident SevardnaZis wagebul raundad.

maisis TveSi, “rezonansisa” da “alias” TiTqmis yovel nomerSi,

politikosebTan interviuebSi, Jurnalistebi daJinebiT akeTeben aqcents

103

“prezidentis impiCmentis mcdelobaze”; sainformacio sababad iyeneben

xelmowerebis Segrovebas parlamentSi _ mTavrobis saqmianobis Seswavlis

moTxovniT.

“mmarTvel partiaSi didi aurzauria. prezidentis siyvaruliT erT

muStad Sekruli “moqalaqeebi” erTmaneTs daupirispirdnen... rodesac

xelmowerebma 120-s gadaaWarba, saqmem saxumaro elferi dakarga. rogorc Cans,

aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebisaTvis damiznebuli es iniciativa prezidentma

uSualod mis winaaRmdeg wamowyebul aqciad aRiqva. saqme xom mis mier

daniSnuli mTavrobis codvaTa gamoaSkaravebas exeba”, _ werda “rezonansi”.

(“rezonansi”, 14.05.2000)

am fonze muSavdeba mTavari Tema _ postSevardnaZistuli momavali,

romelic erTdroulad ramdenime mimarTulebiT aqcentirdeba:

o sazogadoebrivi azris Semzadeba da niadagis mosinjva

xelisuflebis saTaveSi “axalgazrda reformatorTa” mosvlisaTvis;

o sazogadoebrivi azris gaaqtiureba prezidentis winaaRmdeg;

o fsiqologiuri zemoqmedeba prezidentsa da mis garemocvaze.

“alias” pirvel gverdze Cndeba anSlagi _ “paatas prezidentobisTvis

amzadeben?”, Sesabamisi masala ki Sida gverdebSia gadasrolili da gvauwyebs,

rom “raionebSi gavrcelebuli moaruli xmebiT, paata SevardnaZes safuZvels

umzadeben did politikaSi mosvlisaTvis.” (“alia”, 13.04.2000)

aseve anSlagiT amjerad “rezonansi” iuwyeba, rom “paata SevardnaZe

politikaSi mosasvlelad emzadeba”, aqvea mTel gverdze ganfenili saTauri _

“ratom midis Tanamdebobidan eduard SevardnaZe?” efeqturad mowodebuli es

saTaurebi masalis waukiTxavadac qmnis STabeWdilebas, rom prezidenti midis

da rogorc “mefe”, memkvidred Tavis vaJs tovebs. gazeTis meore gverdze

ganTavsebul publikaciaSi saubaria saqarTvelos mdgradi ganviTarebis

saagentos Camoyalibebis Taobaze, romlis prezidenti paata SevardnaZe iqneba

da am statuss “rezonansis” eqspertebi ganixilaven, rogorc winapirobas

politikaSi mosasvlelad _ “rogorc Cans, SevardnaZe umcrosma aqtiur

politikaSi mosavlenad momgebiani pozicia SearCia.” rac Seexeba prezidentis

wasvlas Tanamdebobidan, gazeTis mesame gverdze irkveva, rom “SevardnaZes

amjerad ar ufiqria prezidentobis mitoveba. is, ubralod, “moqalaqeTa

kavSiris” Tavmjdomareobaze ambobda uars.” (“rezonansi”, 09.05.2000) momdevno

nomrebSi “rezonansi” isev agrZelebs Temas _ eduard SevardnaZis mier

“placdarmis momzadeba” SvilisaTvis “taxtis gadasacemad”; “alia” ki, “moarul

104

xmebze” dayrdnobiT, jer avrcelebs, Semdeg ki uaryofs “SevardnaZis

avadmyofobis ambavs.”

“aliasa” da “rezonansis” mier inicirebuli Temis _ prezidentis

Semcvlelis “Jurnalisturi Ziebis” areali TandaTan farTovdeba da presaSi

ganixileba xelisuflebis saTaveSi axali Zalis mosvlis ramdenime varianti:

o SevardnaZes aranairi Zala da survili radikaluri

cvlilebebisaTvis ara aqvs; yvelaze saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, is

mxars dauWers axalgazrdebis mier wamowyebul reformebs da

politikur cxovrebaSi parlaments ufro meti funqciis aReba

mouwevs; (125) Jvanias gunds saparlamento mmarTveloba urCevnia,

radgan Jvanias ar gaaCnia saprezidento qarizma; (110)

o ministrTa kabinetis SemoRebiT, premier-ministris rangSi, Jvania

meore kaci gaxdeba pirveli kacis funqciiT; (111)

o SevardnaZe gaimeorebs elcinis nabijs; misi memkvidre iqneba is,

vinc putiniviT SeinarCunebs arsebul reJims da xels ar axlebs mis

garemocvas. SesaZloa es iyos “samarTaldamcavebis bosi” kaxa

TargamaZe. (158)

sagangebo yuradRebas mivaqcevT “tradicionalistTa” lideris,

parlamentar akaki asaTianis iniciativas _ ministrTa kabinetis SemoRebisaTvis

sakonstitucio cvlilebebis Taobaze. movixmobT citatas gazeT “alias”

publikaciidan, romelic imiTac aris saintereso, rom afiqsirebs prezidentis

orbitidan axali Taobis biznesmenebis, parlamentarebis _ levan gaCeCilaZisa

da daviT gamyreliZis, distancirebas: “gaCeCilaZe-gamyreliZis dueti imasac

amtkicebs, rom saxelmwifo ministrad zurab Jvanias wasvlis SemTxvevaSi, is

yvela sakiTxze pasuxismgeblobas aiRebda da Sedegic ukeTesi iqneboda.

kuluaruli informaciiT, axlandeli saxelmwifo ministri, arseniSvili,

Tanamdebobas ha da ha, erT welSi gamoemSvidobeba da Jvaniac aRmasrulebeli

xelisuflebis olimpze arCevnebamde cota xniT adre gadainacvlebs. Tumca...

ministrTa kabinetis ideam cota xniT kulisebs miRma gadainacvla. amdenad,

SesaZloa, “tradicionalistebis” Tavgamodebam da xelmowerebis Segrovebam

fuWad Caiaros. asaTians Tu mis damkveTs am etapze imedebma ar gaumarTla,

radgan “mas” (igulisxmeba eduard SevardnaZe _ l.k.) ase surs.” (148)

ministrTa kabinetis Temam erTgvarad fataluri roli Seasrula zurab

Jvanias pirovnul da politikur biografiaSi. 2001 wlis gazafxulze isev

sakonstitucio cvlilebebis inicireba, oRondac amjerad prezidentis mxridan,

da, mis mierve, ministrTa kabinetis SesaZlo xelmZRvanelad zurab Jvanias

105

kandidaturis dasaxeleba is strategiuli svla aRmoCnda, romelmac Jvanias

mier mogebuli seriozuli raundebis Semdeg (jer niko lekiSvilis, Semdeg

vaJa lorTqifaniZis gadadgoma saxelmwifo ministrobidan), ZalTa balansi mis

sawinaaRmdegod Secvala.

“Zalian ucnaurad moxda Tavis droze, rodesac ministrTa kabinetis

koncefcia Semovida prezidentis mxridan... maSin CemTvis ucnauri iyo, rom

ratomRac dasaxelda Cemi saxeli da gvari, maSin rodesac struqtura saerTod

ar iyo miRebuli. exla daaxloebiT igive xdeba, oRond sruliad sapirispiro

mimarTulebiT. isev daisva prezidentis mxridan, rom aucilebelia kabineti

SemoviRoT saswrafod, magram, amave dros, saswrafod moxda aslan abaSiZis

gvaris dasaxeleba”, _ es gancxadeba telekompania “pirveli arxis” eTeriT

gaakeTa 2001 wlis 16 noembers, “noembris revoluciad” wodebuli movlenebis

Semdeg parlamentis Tavmjdomareobidan gadamdgarma zurab Jvaniam. (143)

amjerad zurab Jvaniam axsna orive SemTxvevaSi am iniciativis miRma

nagulisxmevi saxelisuflo brZolis teqnologia (“bunebrivia, rom Tu amjerad

kabineti daukavSirdeba kidev romeliRaca konkretul politikoss, am

SemTxvevaSi aWaris liders aslan abaSiZes, masac hyavs Zalian bevri

mowinaaRmdege da vfiqrob ara naklebi, vidre zurab Jvanias da isev moxdeba am

struqturis Cagdeba”), magram gacilebiT adre axsna presam (jer kidev maSin,

roca Jvaniam, prezidentis winadadebaze daTanxmeba Tavisi politikuri

pasuxismgeblobisa da Tavganwirvis sademonstraciod gamoiyena).

periodi _ 2000 wlis noember-dekembris “energetikuli buntidan” 2001

wlis “noembris revoluciamde” (“noembris revoluciad” wodebuli movlenebi

ganxilulia disertaciis IIOTavis qveTavSi _ “destabilizaciis sainformacio

uzrunvelyofa”), gamoirCeoda saxelisuflo dapirispirebebis gansakuTrebuli

simZafriTa da presaSi maTi asaxvis gansakuTrebuli mravalferovnebiT. amave

periodSi, sainformacio amindis Semqmnel mediaSi irRveva zurab Jvanias

mediazeobis, misi gundis erTianobis, “moqkavSiris” siZlieris da a.S. miTebi;

Jvanias gundidan distancirebas da reitingul Skalaze aRmasvlas iwyebs

mixeil saakaSvili, paradoqsia, magram mediis Setevis fonze, presaSi

momgebianad pozicionirebs eduardDSevardnaZis persona.

dapirispireba mmarTveli partiis _ “moqkavSiris” wiaRSi

xelisuflebis sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebel Stoebs Soris

urTierTobis daZabvis Semdgom sainformacio kampaniis yuradRebis centrSi

106

qveynis mmarTveli partia, mis SigniT urTierTdapirispirebis, ZalTa axali

gadanawilebis problemebi eqceva. masmedia odnav anelebs, magram mainc

ganagrZobs prezidentisa da misi Zalauflebis diskreditacias _ Jvaniasa da

misi gundis imijis ganmtkicebis xarjze.

sagulisxmoa, rom mTeli am procesebis periodSi prezidenti eduard

SevardnaZe mkveTr reaqcias axdens mxolod mTavrobis winaaRmdeg 120

parlamentaris xelmoweris kampaniaze, romelsac t/k “rusTavi 2”-is, gazeTebis

_ “rezonansisa” da “alias” Jurnalistebi “prezidentis impiCmentis

mcdelobaze” aqcentirebisTvis iyeneben.

masmediis flagmanebis mier axalgazrda reformatorTa

demokratiulobisa da yovlisSemZleobis imijis Seqmnis miuxedavad, 2000 wlis

zafxulidan masmediaSi aqa-iq Cndeba miniSnebebi da mosazrebebi Jvanias gundis

“klanur diqtaturaze”, “inkubatoruli meTodiT SerCeuli axalgazrdebis

asakobriv krizisze”, axalgazrda reformatorebis fsevdoevropeizmisa da

kosmopolitizmis kritika da a.S. magram ZiriTadi foni rCeba igive _

“postepoqisTvis” mzadeba da prezidentis memkvidreze marCieloba,

“moqkavSirSi” ganxeTqilebis, prezident-Jvanias dapirispirebis, prezidentisagan

partiis mosalodneli datovebis da a.S. Temebis aJitireba.

2001 wlis damdegidan xelisuflebis damxobis suliskveTeba neldeba,

magram masmedia amjerad xaverdovani revoluciis versiebs amuSavebs;

Zlierdeba pankisis sababiT saqarTvelos teritoriaze ruseTis samxedro

konfliqtis gaCaRebis safrTxe; parlamentis sagazafxulo sesiaze prezidentis

gamousvleloba amZafrebs mis winaaRmdeg mimarTul sainformacio kampanias da

masmedia kvlav amuSavebs “elcinis variantisa” da qveynis pirveli piris rangSi

parlamentis Tavmjdomaris movlinebis versiebs. Tumc, paralelurad, Cndeba

versia, rom politikur kriziss ara prezidenti, aramed parlamentis

Tavmjdomare Seewireba. “rusTavi 2”, “alia” da “rezonansi” aqamde

tabudadebul zurab Jvanias personas kantikuntad ukve uaryofiT konteqstSi

ixsenieben da aaqtiureben mixeil saakaSvilis personisadmi interess.

am fonze “rezonansis” “mTavari snaiperis” _ morige redaqtoris

”gasrola”, romelic, im periodSi, mowmendil caze mexis gavardnas hgavda,

aRarc ise SemTxveviTi mogveCveneba. man zurab Jvanias personisadmi e.w.

damoukidebeli mediisa da sazogadoebis mimarTebaSi, udavod Seasrula

“sasignalo gasrolis” roli: “Cvens politikur speqtrSi aris kidev erTi

“geniosi”, romelic aqamde sufTa gamodioda yvela WuWyidan da raxan azri ara

aqvs arc iumors, arc analizs, radgan sxva gza ar aris, swored mas unda

107

SevZaxo: “ei, Sen Savt...a maimuno, vis qonebas aniaveb, Se marTla pederasto!”

(“rezonansi”, 18.02.2002).

es citata mravalmxriv sagulisxmoa; jer erTi, “rezonansi”, romelic civ

niavs ar uSvebda zurab Jvaniasken, am “emociuri SeZaxiliTa” da

bilwsityvaobiT amJRavnebs, rom arc aqamde miaCnda es persona umwikvlo

arsebad; meorec _ “rezonansi” Riad imeorebs igive “braldebas”, romelsac

moskovSi mcxovrebi politologis, vaxtang Wkuaselis mier ufro “civilurad”

da zogadad naTqvams (da “rezonansisagan” cecxlze navTdasxmuls), didi

skandaliD da sagangebo saparlamento ganxilva mohyva (2000 wlis noemberSi).

“rezonansis” Semdeg nomerSi Jvaniasa da mis Tanagundel reformatorebs

ukve erTdroulad Seuties morige redaqtorma da gigi mesvetem:

“aRvniSnavdi, rom male “Jvanias gundi” marto erT kacs _ koba

daviTaSvils daerqmeoda. saqme is aris, rom saakaSvilis gaministrebis

Semdeg revoluciuri gardaqmnebis droSa parlamentSi am axalgazrda

kacma aitaca da Jvanias gundis garegnul saxedac iqca. Tumca, rogorc

Cans, Tavad Jvanias am dros sulac ar erevolucieba da Sesabamisad, mis

gundSi revolucionerebisTvis adgili ar aris.” (aleko cqitiSvili,

“morige redaqtoris Canawerebi”, “rezonansi”, 19 Tebervali, 2001).

“sazizRar situaciaSi varT: gvegona, erTi Taoba midioda da modioda

meore, romelic qveyanas Tavis adgils daumkvidrebda lokalurad iq,

sadac aris da globalurad iq, sadac misi adgilia _ evropaSi. SevcdiT.

bolo aTwleulis axalma saxeebma ieri icvales. Tqves, rom varT

“qarTvelebi, e.i. evropelebi”, magram aRmoCnda, rom arc evropelebi arian

da miT umetes, arc _ qarTvelebi. es adamianebi gvian daibadnen, adre rom

dabadebuliyvnen, klasikuri komkavSiruli liderebi iqnebodnen.” (gigi

mesvete, ”koreqtuli sveti”, “rezonansi”, 19 Tebervali, 2001).

sagangebod mivapyrobT yuradRebas mesijs “revoluciuri”, romelic, Cveni

azriT, saqarTvelos politikur cxovrebaSi (Sesabamisad, politikur spetrSi)

Tvisobrivi cvlilebebisa da “xaverdovani revoluciis” teqnologiuri

procesebis mauwyebeli unda iyos. es ar aris “revoluciis” xsenebiT

gamowveuli asociaciuri paraleli. es cneba qarTul presaSi isedac xSirad

figurirebda, oRondac, rogorc vnaxeT, destabilizaciuri procesebis

konteqstSi. aq ki xazgasmulia “revoluciuri gardaqmnebi”, romlis droSa

parlamentSi axalgazrda mixeil saakaSvilma aitaca; Jvanias ki, Turme, “sulac

ar erevolucieba”, ufro metic, aRmoCnda, rom igi “arc evropelia” da “miT

108

umetes, arc _ qarTveli”; Sesabamisad, mis gundSi revolucionerebisTvis

adgili ar aris.”

Tu ufro Sors wavalT, Tamamad SeiZleba Tqma, rom presis Tvisobrivi

analiziT SesaZlo iyo prognozireba imisa, rom 2001 wlis “noembris

revolucias” parlamentis Tavmjdomare, zurab Jvania Seewireboda (amaze presa

pirdapir mianiSnebda kidec); rom gardauvali iyo radikaluri opoziciis saxiT

mixeil saakaSvilis mxardamWerTa Camoyalibeba, Jvania-saakaSvilis politikuri

gzebis daSoriSoreba... sxvaTa Soris, presis “saavtoro frazaa” “politikuri

daswrobana”, romliTac aRiniSneboda xelisuflebidan opoziciaSi gadasuli

Jvaniasa da saakaSvilis faruli Tu aSkara qiSpi; Tumc, presa imasac xazgasmiT

aRniSnavda, rom isini ganwirulni arian erTianobisTvis, rom maT erTmaneTi

sWirdebaT.

am Tvalsazrisis gansamtkiceblad gamodgeba “merabiSvilis incidentTan”

(“merabiSvilgeitis”) dakavSirebuli sainformacio aurzauri, romelic presis

publikaciaTa erT nawilSi araorazrovnad daukavSira mixeil saakaSvils:

“kidev erTi tendencia, romelic merabiSvilis Temis aJitirebiT

masmediaSi gamoikveTa, aseTia: reformatorebad wodebul gunds bolo

dReebSi Zalian xSirad saakaSvilis gundad moixseniebdnen. jer kidev

wina parlamentSi dasaxelebul gunds mxolod Jvanias saxelTan

aigivebdnen; am parlamentis moRvaweobis bolo periodSi gunds Jvania-

saakaSvilis saxeli ewoda. dRes gundis liderad mxolod saakaSvilis

dasaxeleba (misi gaaqtiurebis fonze) aSkarad migvaniSnebs imaze, rom

saqarTveloSi prezidentobis ambicia kidev erT kacs gauCnda”. (147).

“saakaSvilma Tavisi saarCevno kampania Zalian adre daiwyo. TiToeuli

misi moqmedeba, manerebi imaze metyvelebs, rom mas Tavisi Tavi

prezidentobis realur kandidatad warmoudgenia.” (89).

“...merabiSvili “moqalaqeebis” siaSi saakaSvilis rekomendaciiT moxvda da

'igi dRemde saakaSvilis arsebuli Tu ararsebuli gundis wevrad

iTvleba. magram “ratomRac” saakaSvilma merabiSvili ar daicva.” (79).

bolo citataSi sityva “ratomRac” SemTxveviT ar aris Casmuli

brWyalebSi. amiT redaqcia Tavis pozicias, damokidebulebas gamoxatavs da igi

ar unda iyos Znelad asaxsneli. prezidentobis mosurne axalgazrda

politikoss, mixeil saakaSvils, misi eqscentriulobisa da gunduri

principebis erTgulebis miuxedavad, am etapze aRar awyobs radikalis imiji.

igi ukve premier-ministrobis realur kandidatadac saxeldeba (gazeTi “axali

Taoba”, magaliTad, am Temaze pirveli gverdis anSlags misi gvariT iwyebs _

109

“saakaSvili, Jvania Tu lekiSvili?”). am viTarebaSi misTvis prezidentis gulis

mogeba gacilebiT mniSvnelovania, vidre megobris sarisko gamoqomageba.

am mosazrebas “dilis gazeTis” publikaciac adasturebs: “...partiis

(“moqalaqeTa kavSiris”, _ l.k.) radikaluri frTis iseTi warmomadgeneli, rogoric

mixeil saakaSvilia, prezidents iqiT umtkicebda imas, Tu rogori

warmatebulia saqarTvelos mier ganvlili gza sxva danarCen postsabWoTa

saxelmwifoebs Soris. “mas ver vakadreb, rom megobari davuZaxo (saakaSvili am

sityvebSi SevardnaZes gulisxmobs, _ l.k.), magram Cveni urTierTobebi mainc

gansakuTrebulad mimaCnia...” (107).

“merabiSvilgeitad” wodebul, saxelisuflo brZolis umniSvnelovanes

raunds, qvemoT ganvixilavT; aq ki davubrundeT isev Tebervlis “rezonanss”.

zemoTganxilul publikaciebs gazeTis momdevno nomerSive mohyva interviu

“rezonansis” gamomcemelsa da mTavar redaqtor malxaz ramiSvilTan;

gamovyofT sam sagulisxmo moments am mravalmxriv sayuradRebo publikaciidan:

upirvelesad unda aRvniSnoT, rom ramiSvili mxolod im mkiTxvels

ubodiSebs msubuqad, “visac examuSa amgvari gamoTqmebiT daxunZluli

“rezonansis” wakiTxva”; meore _ publikaciis qvesaTaurad gamotanilia fraza,

romelic korespondent-respondentis SekiTxva-pasuxSi arsad figurirebs:

“rezonansi” iseve ar aris “moqalaqeebis” (igulisxmeba “moqalaqeTa kavSiri”, _ l.k.),

rogorc CineTis imperatoris”. am kategoriuli frazis adresatad SesaZlo

oponentebi ar unda igulisxmebodnen. es ufro imis gacxadebaa, rom amieridan

“rezonansi” Tavs movaled aRar Tvlis gundruki ukmios parlamentis

Tavmjdomares. amas intervius bolo pasuxic adasturebs: “rezonanss” veravin

akontrolebs da, amitom, CvenTan “msubuq reJimSi” moxsenieba aravis aqvs

dabevebuli.” DDDDGGG

da bolos _ publikaciis saTaurad gamotanili fraza, rom ”gazeTSi

didi emociuroba revolucias iwvevs. rakiRa redaqtor-gamomcemels savsebiT

gaazrebuli aqvs sazogadoebriv azrze zogadad gazeTisa da, konkretulad,

“rezonansis” zegavlenis faqtori, cxadia, gazeTis sxva publikaciebis, Tundac,

Cvens mier am naSromSi ganxiluli (magaliTad, qveTavSi _ “saxelmwifos imiji”

da sxv.) “morige redaqtoris Canawerebis” sabrZolo muxtzec eqneboda

warmodgena. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom publikaciaTa sxva adresatebis, gnebavT

igive prezidentis (romelsac ara metaforebiT, aramed gvar-saxeliT lanZRavda

im wlebSi, lamis yovel nomerSi) SeuracxyofiT daxunZlul “rezonanss”

aranairi formiT bodiSi ar mouxdia mkiTxvelisTvis.

110

erTi Tvis Semdeg “rezonansi” aqveynebs intervius parlamentis “axali

fraqciis” TavmjdomaresTan, daviT gamyreliZesTan. intervius Temaa

“rezonansis” gamoZieba Sss-is saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT. publikaciis

dasawyisSi Savi SriftiT xazgasmulia gamyreliZis sityvebi: “es pirveli

SemTxveva araa, rodesac “moqalaqeTa kavSiris” erTi gundi, konkretulad ki,

Jvanias gundi, sagazeTo publikaciebs aqtiurad iyenebs Tavisi miznisaTvis...

samwuxaro isaa, rom mmarTveli partia da Jvanias gundi mxolod calkeul

publikaciebze, mxolod im statiebze reagirebs, romelic maT awyobT Tavisi

konkretuli mowinaaRmdegis dasamarcxeblad.” (124).

“rezonanss”, rogorc “Tavisufal da obieqtur gazeTs” (Tavisive

redaqtor-gamomcemlis SefasebiT) albaT ar SeeZlo Seemoklebina, an Seecvala

respondentis mosazrebebi. Tumc, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, visgan ra pozicia iyo

mosalodneli, zurab Jvanias oponentebi, rogorc wesi, “rezonansis”

furclebze TiTqmis ar xvdebodnen; da Tu gamonaklisi mainc moxdeboda,

masalis mowodebis forma ar iqneboda amgvari.

SemTxveviTi arc “monarqist” Temur JorJolianTan interviuSi

gamoTqmuli mosazrebis gamoqveyneba unda iyos: “zviadistebi... Jvanias mier

daCmorebuli xalxia... eseni (saqarTvelos xelisuflebas gulisxmobs, _ l.k.)

yvelafers akeTeben imisaTvis, raTa saqarTvelos xelisuflebaSi somexi

moiyvanon, Tanac iseTi somexi, romelic Tavis somxobasac uaryofs." (giorgi

kalandaZe, “SevardnaZe qurdi, damnaSave da teroristia”, “rezonansi”, 19 marti,

2001).

“vaSington postSi” gamoqveynebul statias, romelSic parlamentar vano

merabiSvilis meSveobiT gacxadda, rom SevardnaZes amJamad sityva “reformis”

gagonebac ar surs, igi daRlilia da ar gaaCnia politikuri neba raimes

Sesacvlelad, qarTul masmediaSi didi aJiotaJi mohyva. presis SefasebiT, es

publikacia iyo axalgazrda reformatorebis mier prezidentis gamowveva

sajaro duelSi.

Jurnalistebisa da politikosebisgan gamoTvlili nebismieri SesaZlo

variantis (reformatori ministrebis, an piriqiT _ korufciaSi eWvmitanili

ministrebis daTxovna; “moqalaqeebis” dasja _ “moqkavSiridan” prezidentis

gasvliT; yvelafris ucvlelad datoveba da a.S.) ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi

prezidenti wamgebian mdgomareobaSi unda aRmoCeniliyo; man ki miiRo iseTi

gadawyvetileba, romelsac analitikosebi, yvela SesaZlo variantis gamoTvlis

Semdeg, araprognozirebads, anu eduard SevardnaZis, rogorc “politikuri

didostatis”, gamoucnob svlas uwodebdnen; sakonstitucio cvlilebebis

111

iniciativa ministrTa kabinetis SemoRebisTvis, ris gamoc 2000 wlis maisSi

akaki asaTiani parlamentSi xelmowerebs agrovebda, amJamad Tavad prezidentma

wamoayena; Tanac, winaswar gaaxmaura premier-ministris SesaZlo kandidatura _

zurab Jvania. presam am nabijs “Sokis faqtori” uwoda, romelmac “partiis Sida

saxelisuflo interesTa konfliqtebi, praqtikulad, stop-kadrSi gayina”. (106)

prezidentis iniciativam kargi sakbilo gauCina masmedias politikuri

intrigebisa da personaliebis Temaze mravalferovani mosazrebebis

ganviTarebisTvis. miuxedavad imisa, rom isini xSir SemTxvevaSi erTmaneTs

gamoricxavs, politikosebis, politologebis, analitikosebisa da Tavad

Jurnalistebis msjelobaSi ikveTeba saerTo tendendiebic, romlebic

pirobiTad ase SeiZleba davajgufoT (gazeTebis: “alias”, “rezonansis”, “axali Taobis”,

“dilis gazeTis”, “axali epoqis”, “meridianis”, “axali 7 dRis”, “dronis”, “saqarTvelos

respublikis” publikaciebisa da televiziis sainformacio programebis mixedviT):

o eduard SevardnaZem “udaod Zlieri svla” gaakeTa, romelmac “uaRresad

daZabuli politikuri atmosfero myisierad ganmuxta”; prezidentisadmi

lamis Riad dapirispirebuli misive partiis axalgazrda liderebi umal

molbnen; Jvanias SevardnaZis diskreditaciis gegma CaeSala;

Tanamdebobebisa da ZalTa xelaxali gadanawilebis SesaZlo perspeqtivam

umal CaaxSo axalgazrdebis agresia da qveyanas kidev erTxel daanaxa,

rom mTeli e.w. reformatoruli gancdebi sxva araferi iyo, Tu ara maT

mier mTeli saxelisuflebo sivrcis sruli gakontrolebisken swrafva;

o prezidentma zustad gaTvala dro da kvlav gamoamJRavna qarTuli

politikuri speqtris Rrma codna; am nabijiT SevardnaZem kidev erTxel

moaxdina Tavisi SesaZleblobebis demonstrireba. igi aRiarebuli

strategia, “srulyofilad flobs marTvis teqnologias, politikur

manevrebSi warmoudgenlad Zlieria” da politikur brZolaSi mas badali

ara hyavs.

o Zlieri saprezidento xelisufleba Cveni qveynis mentalitetis

Sesabamisia da arsebul viTarebaSi igi mmarTvelobis yvelaze momgebiani

formaa. rac Seexeba warmodgenili variantiT mosalodnel axal

ganlagebas, igi qmnis safuZvels ara prezidentis uflebamosilebis,

aramed prezidentis mniSvnelobis gazrdisaTvis da mniSvnelovani

momentia saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi dafuZnebis procesSi.

o politikosTa da JurnalistTa sakmaod didma nawilma mosalodneli

cvlilebebisadmi skeptikuri damokidebuleba gamoxata, CaTvala es nabiji

satyuarad, “SevardnaZis axal fandad”, opoziciisTvis “saxravi Zvalis”

112

gadagdebad; drois gayvanis taqtikad, qveynis problemebisagan

sazogadoebis yuradRebis mowyvetis mcdelobad, “moqkavSiris”

intrigebisa da ambiciebis dasakmayofilebel da ara saxelmwifo

interesis gamomxatvel nabijad; demokratiuli procesebidan ukan daxevis

simptomad; yvelaze radikaluri Sefaseba daaxloebiT ase formulirdeba:

SevardnaZe “xelisuflebis narkomania” da amiT xelisuflebaSi yofnas

ixangrZlivebs; “am nabijiT man damarcxeba aRiara”.

o sakonstitucio cvlilebebze msjelobisas gaCnda versiac, rom, SesaZloa,

arc Tavad ideis avtors _ prezidents surdes sakuTari ideis

ganxorcieleba. sinamdvileSi SeiZleba yvelaferi es mxolod da mxolod

saxelmwifo ministrisTvis uflebamosilebis gazrdiT da saxelmwifo

ministrad zurab Jvanias daniSvniT dasruldes, rac maincadamainc

saxarbielo perspeqtiva ar aris JvaniasTvis (SevadaroT _ Svidi Tvis

Semdeg parlamentis Tavmjdomareobidan gadamdgari Jvanias

zemoTmoxmobili gancxadeba).

dabolos, yvelaze sayuradRebo versia, romelmac presaSi iCina Tavi,

ufro siRrmiseuli iyo, ar iyo gaTvlili “masobrivi auditoriisTvis” da,

amdenad, sainformacio aJiotaJs ar daeqvemdebara. am versiiT, prezidentma

daaCqara Jvanias gundisTvis xelisuflebis “xaverdovani gadacemis” procesi.

“guSindeli da dRevandeli viTareba ise gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan,

rogorc ca da dedamiwa”, _ mravalmniSvnelovnad ganucxada Jurnalistebs

“moqkavSiris” erT-erTma reformatorma liderma mixeil maWavarianma. (102)

marTlac, presaSi “merabiSvilgeitad” monaTluli “vaSington postis”

gaxmaurebuli publikacia da misi media- da politikuri rezonansi, gardamtexi

etapi aRmoCnda saqarTvelos politikur istebliSmentSi ZalTa axali

gadanawilebisTvis. amasTan, Cveni azriT, es is momentia, roca presam Tavisi

SesaZleblobebi maqsimalurad gamoiyena movlenaTa ganviTarebis

pluralistur-analitikuri suraTis warmosaCenad.

113

Tavi IV

arCevnebi da politikuri speqtri

amerikeli politologebi, wignis “amerikuli demokratiis” avtorebi

(qeneT janda, jefri m. beri, jeri goldmeni), miiCneven rom demokratiuli

arCevnebis viTarebaSi “masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis mTavari funqciaa

xeli Seuwyos xalxisgan xelisuflebisaTvis informaciis gadacemas,

upirveles yovlisa, sazogadoebrivi azris Seswavlis safuZvelze.” (77, 151)

SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom qarTuli presa “xalxisgan informaciis gadacemis”

(oRondac, ara sazogadoebrivi azris Seswavlis safuZvelze) amocanas ufro

adekvaturad pasuxobda deklarirebuli damoukideblobis pirvel wlebSi

(gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis Suaxanebamde), roca perioduli gamocemebi

stiqiurad, magram maqsimaluri mravalferovnebiT warmoaCendnen partiul

poziciebsa Tu sazogadoebis warmomadgenelTa Tvalsazrisebs, xSirad,

kategoriulad urTierTgamomricxavsac. Cveni azriT, im etapze, cenzurisa da

erTpolarulobisagan daxsnilma beWdurma sityvam erTgvari “TviTnabadi

pluralizmis” atmosfero Seqmna, roca qveynisTvis arsebiTi problemebi Tu

umniSvnelo sakiTxebi erTnairi polemikuri JiniTa da emociurobiT

ganixileboda. rac Seexeba iseT publikaciebs, rogoric iyo, magaliTad, akaki

baqraZis publicisturi werilebi gazeT “mamulSi” da sxva periodul

gamocemebSi, aq ukve Rrmad da Tanmimdevrulad analizdeboda yovel

konkretul etapze arsebuli viTareba, wanamZRvrebi, mocemuli iyo Seqmnili

situaciis gadalaxvis avtoriseuli xedva, movlenebis ganviTarebis prognozi

da a.S.

90-iani wlebis meore naxevridan da, gansakuTrebiT, 2000 wlidan, presa

ufro metad iqca xelisuflebisaTvis brZolis iaraRad. am TvalsazrisiT igi,

sazogadoebisTvis Sesabamisi mesijebis gadacemis, Sesabamisi procesebis

inicirebis instrumentis rols ufro warmatebiT asrulebs, vidre

sazogadoebasa da xelisuflebas Soris mediatoris komunikaciur funqcias.

Jurnalisti maia toraZe, romelmac Tavisi sadisertacio naSromisTvis _

“Tanamedrove presa da arCevnebis problema (Jurnalisturi aspeqtebi)”

mimoixila da gaaanaliza 1990-2004 wlebis qarTuli beWdviTi gamocemebi, wers,

rom “winasaarCevno periodSi masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi mowodebulni

arian orgvari TanamSromlobisaTvis: a). mas “iyeneben” saarCevno kampaniaSi

“moqmedi subieqtebi” informaciis gadasacemad; b). isini TviTon moipoveben da

114

gadascemen informacias masobriv auditorias. informirebis orive forma

emsaxureba saboloo mizans _ amomrCevelTa srul gamorkvevas, arCevnebSi maT

realur monawileobas da Tavisufali arCevanis gamoxatvas.” (69, 7)

raxan konkretulad arCevnebis Tema presaSi Cveni kvlevis sagani ar iyo,

kategoriulad ver SevewinaaRmdegebiT maia toraZes, magram 2000-2008 wlebSi

qarTuli presis permanentul monitoringsa da analizze muSaobis gamocdileba

gvaZlevs uflebas vTqvaT, rom saarCevno kampaniebis periodSi masobrivi

auditoriis informirebis amocana, maTi sruli gamorkvevis mizniT, albaT arc

dausaxavs miznad qarTul medias. is, ra Tqma unda, raRac doziT, nebiT Tu

uneblied, asrulebda am funqcias, magram arc arCevnebis “moqmed subieqtebs”

hqondaT mediis meSveobiT informaciis gadacemis met-naklebad Tanabari

ufleba da saSualeba da verc media iyo Semwe amomrCevelTa “sruli

gamorkvevisa” da maTi “Tavisufali arCevanis gamoxatvisaTvis”. amisTvis, mas

arc biznes-damoukidebloba uwyobda xels da arc _ saredaqcio.

amasTan, maia toraZe aRniSnavs, rom mis mier Seswavlil masalaTa

nawilSi “aSkarad SeimCneva dakveTis, politikuri SantaJisa da gamiznuli

provokaciis mowyobis mcdelobis kvalic (xazi Cvenia _ l.k.)”, magram amis

mtkicebulebani ar gaaCnia, ramdenadac “sainformacio saSualebebi amas sakmao

profesionalizmiTa da kanonebis saTanado muxlebis momarjvebiT axerxeben.”

(69, 24)

savsebiT veTanxmebiT kolegas, miT ufro rom amgvari tendencia ara

mxolod saarCevno kampaniis periodSi iCens Tavs qarTul presaSi. e.w. faruli

reklama da dakveTili publikaciebi rom erTi SexedviT soliduri

gamocemebisTvisac ar aris ucxo, amaSi Tundac fiarkompaniebSi

ramdenimewliani muSaobis gamocdileba marwmunebs (presis analizze rom

aRaraferi vTqvaT).

meores mxriv, qarTuli presa arc mdidari gamomcemlebiT aris

ganebivrebuli, arc saxelmwifo subsidirebiT (iribiT TuU pirdapiriT, rasac

sxvadasxva formiT axorcieleben, magaliTad, norvegia, safrangeTi da evropis

sxva qveynebi presis dasacavad monopolizebis safrTxisagan da pluralizmis

SesanarCuneblad), arc maRali tiraJi uzrunvelyofs maT arsebobas (ramdenime

iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda). Sesabamisad, bazris ulmobeli kanoni aiZulebs

sainformacio saSualebebs Semosavlis amgvar wyaros mimarTon. saarCevno

kampania ki amisaTvis yvelaze xelsayreli periodia.

saanalizo periodSi saqarTveloSi Catarda 2 _ saprezidento, 2 _

saparlameto da 1 _ TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebi. amasTan, sayuradReboa

115

“postaslanuri” aWaris umaRlesi sabWos arCevnebi, romelic pirvelad Catarda

aWaris mmarTveli partiis, “aRorZinebis” hegemoniisa da, ufro metic,

monawileobis gareSe, da met-naklebad realuri konkurenciis pirobebSi;

amdenad, mizanSewonilad miviCnieT, mokled am arCevnebzec gagvemaxvilebina

yuradReba.

2000 wlis saprezidento arCevnebi

1999 wlis saparlamento arCevnebi “moqalaqeTa kavSirma” STambeWdavi

upiratesobiT mougo (41,7%) “aRorZinebas”, romelic (26%-iT) “ZiriTadi

opozicia” gaxda; saarCevno barieri gadalaxa blokma “mrewveloba gadaarCens

saqarTvelos”. presa aqtiurad iyo CarTuli winasaarCevno bataliebSi da,

rogorc maia toraZe aRniSnavs zemoxsenebul sadisertacio naSromSi,

“Tavisuflebis maRali xarisxiT”, politikuri subieqtebis strategiisa da

saarCevno taqtikis codniT aSuqebda saarCevno process. (69)

2000 wlis saprezidento arCevnebisadmi interesi ki presaSi ganelda;

igrZnoba, rom prezidentobis ori woniani kandidatis _ aslan abaSiZisa da

jumber patiaSvilis fonzec, eduard SevardnaZe mainc ualternativo

kandidatad ganixileba. sainteresoa, rom gansxvavebiT 1999 wlis saparlamento

arCevnebisagan, roca “aRorZinebisagan” “mtris xati” iqmneboda, amjerad presis

publikaciebi umTavresad jumber patiaSvilzea aqcentirebuli da misi persona

skandalur konteqstSic xSirad figurirebs. jer kidev 1995 wlis arCevnebSi

patiaSvilis saxeli aqtiurad ukavSirdeboda 9 aprilis tragedias, mis

mimarTebas am periodis movlenebTan; 2000 wels, amasTan erTad, presaSi axali

kompromatebic gaCnda _ patiaSvilisa da xabeiSvilis (kompartiis yofili

maRalCinosani, iseve, rogorc jumber patiaSvili) dapirispirebis detalebi,

patiaSvilis SesaZlo braleuloba partiis quTaisis qalaqkomis pirveli

mdivnis, mamuka aslanikaSvilis TviTmkvlelobaSi da a.S.

TiTqos paradoqsia, magram aslan abaSiZem bolo momentSi moxsna

sakuTari kandidatura da eduard SevardnaZes dauWira mxari, Tavisi

Tanablokelis, patiaSvilis sawinaaRmdegod. es faqti kidev erTxel

adasturebs presis “moarul Tvalsazriss” imis Taobaze, rom SevardnaZe da

abaSiZe warmatebiT iyenebdnen pirovnuli Tu partiuli dapirispirebis

faqtors momgebiani garigebebisTvis; gansakuTrebiT, xelisuflebis

SenarCunebisaTvis brZolis yvelaze arsebiT momentebSi.

116

naSromSi _ “saarCevno procesebi saqarTveloSi”, daviT usufaSvili da

gia nodia aRniSnaven, rom “2000 wlis saprezidento arCevnebi, SesaZloa,

yvelaze uaresi iyo saqarTvelos saarCevno istoriaSi: rogorc saSinao, ise

saerTaSoriso damkvirveblebma aRniSnes, rom amomrCevelTa aqtiurobis done

TvalsaCinod dabali iyo, biuletenebis ukanono Cayram ki masobrivi xasiaTi

miiRo.” (70, 26)

2000 wlis saprezidento arCevnebis gaSuqebaze metad sayuradReboa is

garemoeba, rom saarCevno kampaniis damTavrebisTanave presam da telekompania

“rusTavi 2”-ma aqtiurad daiwyes saubari ara mxolod arCevnebis Sedegebis

gayalbebaze, aramed, Seteva prezidentze (ZiriTadad, “aliam” da “rezonansma”)

da fonis Seqmna misi diskreditaciisaTvis.

“SevardnaZis gamyalbeblebi ori centridan imarTebodnen”, “prezidentma

aSS-is saxelmwifo departamentis silac iwvnia”; “arCevnebze yuTSi 5000

biuleteni Cavyare”, “studenti gogona mTeli Tve beWeds urtyamda da mTeli

dRe arCevnebs ayalbebda” _ sapirvelgverdo anSlagebiT iuwyeboda “rezonansi”.

(“rezonansi”, 14,15.04.2000); telekompania “rusTavi 2”-is formulirebiT, es iyo

“cariel saarCevno yuTebSi dagrovili 80%”. (t/k “rusTavi 2”, programa “post

skriptumi”, 06.05.2000)

rogorc Cans, amomrCevelTa inertulobisa da e.w. administraciuli

resursis aqtiuri gamoyenebis fonze miRebuli maRali Sedegi (eduard

SevardnaZem es arCevnebi 79,3%-iT moigo, misma ZiriTadma konkurentma, jumber

patiaSvilma ki xmebis 16,7% miiRo) gaxda sababi zemoxsenebuli

mediasaSualebebisaTvis prezident SevardnaZeze aqtiuri SetevisTvis. “alia”

winaswarmetyvelebda, rom “SevardnaZis reJims avtoritaruli da

totalitaruli daerqmeva, sadac politikosebs sdevnian... istoria ityvis, rom

SevardnaZis epoqaSi politikuri terori mZvinvarebda.” (“alia”, 11-12.04.2000)

(publikaciaSi amis magaliTad naxsenebia dedaqalaqis prokuraturis mier

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvra, arCevnebis boikotisaken momwodebeli

proklamaciebis gamo, magram “politikuri teroris mZvinvarebis”

damadasturebel sxva faqts igi ar Seicavs).

“SevardnaZe _ diadi kombinatorobidan diad eqsperimentatorobamde”,

“SevardnaZe avtoritarizmis fskerze eSveba” _ amgvari saTaurebi anSlagebadaa

gaSlili “rezonansis” pirvel gverdebze, umeteswilad, karikaturebis

TanxlebiT. magaliTad, saTauriT _ “prezidenti male pirveli Ramis

uflebasac moiTxovs” _ karikaturaze gamosaxulia moxuci mefis gverdiT

Camwkrivebuli sapatarZloebi (“rezonansi”, 26, 28.04.2000) da a.S.

117

yuradRebas SevaCerebT erT garemoebazec _ ara am konkretul etapze,

aramed Semdgom periodSi, saxelisuflo brZolebis amsaxvel publikaciebSi,

gvxvdeba mosazreba, rom zurab Jvanias gundma TavisTavze aiRo winasaarCevno

kampaniis warmarTva, saarCevno Stabis faqtobrivi monopolizebiT; es maT

saSualebas aZlevda saprezidento arCevnebis warmatebiT dasrulebis Semdeg,

ufro meti saxelisuflo berketi moeTxovaT.

2002 wlis adgilobrivi arCevnebi

P

”politikuri miwisZvra” _Aase ewoda presaSi arCevnebis wina periodSi

ganviTarebul politikur movlenebs. winasaarCevno daZabulobam gaarRvia

susti adgilebi (iseve, rogorc miwisZvram) da logikur dasasrulamde miiyvana

“moqkavSirSi” jer faruli dinebiT mimdinare da bolos zedapirze

amofrqveuli mZafri dapirispirebisa da mmarTveli partiidan (anu, rogorc mas

uwodebdnen _ “saprezidento partiidan”) e.w. reformatorebis gamoyofis

procesi.

“saarCevno bunkeri”, “sacvlebis gamofena parlamentSi”, “politikuri

antisanitaria”, “politikuri korufcia”, “politikuri balagani” _ amgvari

SefasebebiT dafiqsirda presaSi saqarTvelos parlamentis 8 maisis

skandaluri sxdoma, romelic saarCevno vnebaTaRelvis erTgvar “generalur

repeticiad” iqca. am sxdomis gaSuqeba presaSi imiTacaa saintereso, rom

aqedanve ikveTeba da TandaTan mZafrdeba presaSi arCevnebis gayalbebis Tema. am

motivs aviTareben Tavad arCevnebSi monawile partiebi, ori ZiriTadi

mimarTulebiT _ erTis mxriv, gayalbebebSi urTierTbraldebebiT da, meores

mxriv _ prezidentisa da xelisuflebis dadanaSaulebiT. yvelaze saintereso

isaa, rom arCevnebis Semdeg gayalbebaze msjeloba ara mxolod damarcxebuli,

aramed gamarjvebuli Zalis prioritetadac rCeba.

gazeT “qronikis” publikaciis anonsi pirvel gverdze konkretulad

mianiSnebs arCevnebis gayalbebis meTodebze: “beWdisdamrtymelebi,

buterbrodebis mimtanebi, SuqisCamqrobebi, viTom fexmZime qalebi da “bozebis

mobiluri jgufebi”. masalaSi ganviTarebulia varaudi, rom “arCevnebi

aprobirebuli meTodebiT gayalbdeba”, Tumca, “SaqriT arCevnebis mogeba ukve

istoriis kuTvnilebaa.” gazeTis amave nomerSi, “Jurnalisturi gamoZiebis”

rubrikiT, dawvrilebiTaa ganxiluli centraluri saarCevno komisiis

“wvlili” arCevnebis totalur gayalbebaSi da misi meTodebi. (153)

118

gazeTi “axali versia” pirvel gverdze aqveynebs fotokolaJs “gayalbebis

diriJori”. diriJoris rolSi prezidentia, xolo publikaciebSi _ “vin

udiriJorebs arCevnebis gayalbebas?” da ”saarCevno politikuri bazari

kolmeurneobis bazars hgavs” _ “arCevnebis gayalbebis unikalur meTodebze” da

“gayalbebis wyaroebzea” saubari. saarCevno eqsperti nugzar ivaniZe miiCnevs,

rom “arCevnebze kontrolis mTeli Zalaufleba jerjerobiT prezident

SevardnaZis xelSia”; politologi ramaz klimiaSvili ki Tvlis, rom

“bolomde obieqturi arCevnebi ar Catardeba, magram arc totaluri gayalbeba

iqneba.” (95)

arCevnebis gayalbebis aJiotaJis, partiebis urTierTqiSpis fonze

saarCevno kampaniis mimdinareobisas, da, Sesabamisad, presaSi, ukana planze

iwevs mTavari _ eleqtoratis interesi, partiebis saarCevno programebi,

romelTa mixedviTac unda gansazRvros amomrCevelma maTi SesaZleblobebi.

presis publikaciebis SejerebiT ikveTeba mosazreba, rom es programebi

dapirebebs ufro hgavs, araa gaTvlili realur perspeqtivaze, moklebulia

konkretul dasabuTebas, ra meqanizmebiT unda moxdes maTi ganxorcieleba.

yuradRebas iqcevs “axali versiis” publikacia _ “gabruvdiT, daboldiT,

magram foCian kanfets nu daxarbdebiT”. Jurnalisti rusiko gigaSvili

(romelic, amasTanave, saarCevno Temaze gamoqveynebuli bevri sxva masalis

avtoricaa), kompaqturad ganixilavs arCevnebSi monawile ZiriTadi politikuri

subieqtebis: “nacionaluri moZraobis”, “leiboristebis, “axali memarjveneebis”,

“aRorZinebisa” da “mrewvelebis” programebs. (94)

wina arCevnebisagan gansxvavebiT, roca partiebis “sastarto

mdgomareobis” ganxilva “moqalaqeTa kavSiris” primatis fonze xdeboda,

amjerad adgilobrivi arCevnebis yvelaze skandalur Temad swored

“moqkavSiri” iqca: misi dayofa “mamalaZistebad” da “zuristebad”, maT Soris

xelCarTuli brZola centraluri saarCevno komisiis misadgomebTan,

sasamarTlo procesebi da a.S. am procesis amsaxvel publikaciebSi yvelaze

xSirad csk (centraluri saarCevno komisia) figurirebs: ”ceskom moqalaqeTa

kavSirs arCevnebisaken gza gadauketa” (“rezonansi”, 14.05.2002), “lominaZem

moqkavSiri gaauqma”, (“axali Taoba”, 14.05.2002), “csk-m moqalaqeTa kavSirs orive

frTa mostexa” (“alia”, 14.05.2002), “moqkavSirebi csk-dan garicxes” (“dilis

gazeTi”, 14.05.2002) da a.S.

saarCevno kampaniis periodSi erTi SexedviT yvelaze “araordinaluri”

iyo “axali memarjveneebis” gadawyvetileba _ saarCevno kampaniaze uaris Tqmis

Taobaze. magram maT amis kompensacia swored masmediis meSveobiT moaxdines.

119

arCevnebis “pikur periodSi” TiTqmis yvela yoveldRiur Tu yovelkvireul

gazeTSi gvxvdeba “axlebis” Tema, sxvadasxva rakursiT. amasTan, bevrgan

sareklamo wesiT daibeWda publikaciebi “axali memarjveneebis” iniciativiT

Seqmnili daxmarebis fondis, miwisZvrisagan dazarebulTaTvis binebis SeZenis

Sesaxeb da a.S.

saarCevno kampaniis periodSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba iseTi

sainformacio sababis Seqmnas, romlis meSveobiTac politikuri partiebi da

personebi Zaldautaneblad, SekveTili statiebis gareSec xdebian presis

yuradRebis obieqtebi. “aRorZinebisTvis”, magaliTad, aseTi sababi iyo jondi

baRaTurias iniciativiT warmarTuli kampania “eleqtrokavSiris” mier

gaTiSuli oci aTasi abonentis dasacavad. rogorc saarCevno paTosi moiTxovs,

jondi baRaTuria am movlenebs qveynis pirvel pirs ukavSirebs, xolo “20 aTasi

abonentis SesaZlo gamorTvaze srul pasuxismgeblobas qalaqis mers da

finansTa saministros akisrebs.” (80).

yuradRebas SevaCerebT presaSi gamokveTil tendenciaze, rac met-

naklebad exeba arCevnebSi monawile yvela mxares. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs

prezidentsa da, zogadad, xelisuflebasTan, politikur ZalTa umetesobis

negatiuri mimarTeba, rogorc erTgvari saarCevno kapitali. politologi gia

nodia, Jurnal “imijSi” gamoqveynebul interviuSi, aRniSnavs, rom “...sxva

qveynebSic adgilobriv arCevnebs mosaxleoba iyenebs xelisuflebisadmi

saprotesto ganwyobis gamosaxatavad da aqac igive moxda. xolo saparlamento

da saprezidento arCevnebs sazogadoeba Tvisobrivad sxva kriteriumebiT

afasebs.“ (108)

presis zogadi SefasebiT, 2 ivnisis arCevnebi postSevardnaZistuli

periodisaTvis politikuri speqtris mzaobis dasadgeni erTgvari testic iyo.

wina arCevnebisagan gansxvavebiT, amjerad presam, saarCevno bataliebis

paralelurad, eleqtoratsac miapyro yuradReba. es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis

“dilis gazeTis” misamarTiT, romelmac amomrCevlis faqtors araerTi

sayuradRebo publikacia uZRvna. moviSveliebT erT citatas: “partiebis

umetesobas mxolod axla gaaxsenda xalxi. arada partiam, romelsac

gamarjveba unda, saWiroa dasabuTebulad ganmartos, rom xelisuflebisaTvis

brZolaSi xalxi unda iyos mizani da ara saSualeba!” (93)

arCevnebSi, Tbilisis masStabiT, gamarjveba moipoves “nacionalurma

moZraobam” da “leiboristulma partiam”, romlebic “xelisuflebis

gansakuTrebiT mwvave kritikaSi ejibrebodnen erTmaneTs, xolo regionebis

umravlesobaSi ukeTesi SedegiT gamoirCeodnen “axali memarjveneebi”,

120

romlebic “nacionaluri moZraobis” da Jvanias jgufis ZiriTadi oponentebi

iyvnen da, Sesabamisad, prezidentis farul sayrdenad iTvlebodnen.” (55, 50)

“moqalaqeTa kavSiris” (romelsac arCevnebamde cota xniT adre Jvanias gundi

gamoeyo) dabali Sedegi mosalodneli iyo, magram TbilisSi aRebuli xmebis

mxolod 2% (qveynis masStabiT ki 2%-ze naklebi), yvelaze pesimisturi

prognozis fonzec Sokismomgvreli aRmoCnda.

rogorc politologi gia nodia aRniSnavs, es arCevnebi “ZalTa axali

ganlagebis pirvel gamocdad iqca”, xolo arCevnebis Semdeg “moqalaqeTa

kavSiris” Tavmjdomared saxelmwifo ministris, avTandil jorbenaZis arCeva

moaswavebda am partiis, rogorc “xelisuflebis garSemo konsolidirebuli

“nomenklaturuli” gaerTianebis rekonstruqciis mcdelobas.” (55, 50-51)

Cveni azriT, masmediisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Tvisobrivad axal

etapze gadasvlas unda moaswavebdes arCevnebis Catarebis Semdeg saarCevno

kampaniis, arCevnebis uaxloesi da samomavlo Sedegebis, misi politikuri,

sociologiuri, fsiqologiuri da sxva aspeqtebis gaanalizeba presaSi. gazeTma

“xvalindelma dRem” arCevnebis Semdeg “eleqtoratis privatizebis” Tema

wamoswia, gazeTebi _ “axali epoqa” da “dro” regionebSi arCevnebis

mimdinareobiT dainteresdnen (rogorc yovelTvis, amjeradac adgilobrivi

arCevnebis gaSuqebisas presa ZiriTadad dedaqalaqSi mimdinare procesebiT

Semoifargla).

sagangebod unda SevCerdeT presaSi gamoqveynebuli sociologiuri

kvlevebis Sedegebze. maisSi gamoqveynebuli monacemebis Sedarebisas Tundac

mimdinare wlis Tebervlis monacemebTan, yvelaze TvalSisacemia sam TveSi

“nacionaluri moZraobis” reitingis zrda _ 2,3%-dan 10,3%-mde. “gorbisa” da

“nea intermedias” mier maisis TveSi gamoqveynebuli partiebis reitingebi

maSinve iZleoda sayuradRebo varaudebis ganviTarebis saSualebas, xolo

arCevnebis Sedegebi ZiriTadad daemTxva maTi winaswari kvlevebis Sedegebs.

arCevnebma daadastura “gorbis” mier saqarTvelos regionebSi Catarebuli

gamokiTxvebis mTavari Sedegic _ saqarTvelos regionebsa da dedaqalaqSi

memarcxene Zalebis eleqtorati sWarbobs! aseve, gamarTlda sociologiur

gamokvlevebze dayrdnobili varaudi dedaqalaqis sakrebulos koaliciuri

mmarTvelobis Taobaze, winaswari monacemebiTa da realuri SedegebiT TiTqmis

identuria eleqtoratis inertulobis maCvenebelic. sazogadoebrivi azris

kvlevisa da marketingis asociacia “gorbis” xelmZRvanelis, merab faCulias

SefasebiT, “piar-kampaniebis teqnologia sakmaod daixvewa da nel-nela

mivdivarT im situaciamde, rac 20 wlis win hqondaT dasavleTis qveynebs.” (126)

121

2002 wlis adgilobrivi arCevnebi manamde Catarebuli yvela sxva

arCevnebisagan gamoirCeoda imiT, rom saarCevno kampania da misi gaSuqeba

presaSi mimdinareobda intensiuri sociologiuri kvlevebisa da Tundac

elementaruli saarCevno teqnologiebis moSveliebiT. Sesabamisad, Tu aqamde

qarTul presaSi “piaris” Temas erTgvarad amorfuli saxe hqonda, amjerad

gacilebiT adekvatur konteqstSi da ufro xSirad xsendeba (presaSi,

umTavresad, “fiaris” (PR) nacvlad ixmareba rusulidan kalkirebuli “piari”, _

l.k.). aqve SevniSnavT, rom politikosebisa Tu Jurnalistebis ZiriTad samizned

iqca PR kompania “nikkolo m”-i. erTni mas kancelariis (igive SevardnaZis)

marTulad miiCneven, saakaSvilisa da sxvaTa winaaRmdeg (“axali Taoba”,

05.04.2002), meoreni sapirispiros amtkiceben _ rom saakaSvilis warmateba

“nikkolo m”-is damsaxurebaa, rom misi scenariT ganviTarda adgilobrivi

arCevnebis bataliebi”. (“axali Taoba”, 06.06.2002) Tavad “nikkolo m”-is qarTuli

warmomadgenlobis xelmZRvaneli giorgi RambaSiZe ki Tvlis, rom “yvela

politikuri partiis umTavresi sazrunavi arCevnebisTvis sazogadoebis

momzadeba unda iyos”. (“saqarTvelos respublika”, 30.05.2002).

siaxlea isic, rom arCevnebis Sedegebze msjelobisas presam yuradReba

miaqcia politikuri reklamis formasa da Sinaarss, mis Seusabamobas CvenSi

ukve arsebuli reklamis kanonis moTxovnebTan (Jurnali “imiji”, #4, 2002);

ufro metic, presis calkeul publikaciebSi gamoikveTa politikuri reklamis

Taobaze saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi arsebuli xarvezis problemac.

dasasrul, TvalSisacemia kidev erTi niuansi _ arCevnebis dros presaSi

gacilebiT xSirad irRveva Jurnalisturi eTikisa da, saerTod, adamianuri

urTierTobebis dawerili Tu dauwereli kanonebi. es gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba

e.w. SekveTil masalebSi (farul reklamaSi), ramdenadac SemkveTis, anu, erTi

romelime mxaris interesis gamoxatva uciloblad iwvevs ara mxolod

sapirispiro mxaris interesis Selaxvas (xSir SemTxvevaSi, Seuracxyofasac),

aramed, mkiTxvelis SecdomaSi Seyvanasac; ramdenadac, faruli reklamis

pirobebSi mkiTxveli mocemul masalas aRiqvams ara rogorc kerZo interesis

gamomxatvels, aramed, rogorc presis pozicias.

2003 weli _ permanentuli saarCevno reJimi

am qveTavSi ganxiluli periodi da procesebi erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia

sadisertacio naSromis saanalizo monakveTisTvis; “vardebis revoluciiT”

122

dagvirgvinebulma am periodma da masTan dakavSirebulma mediaaqtivobam farTo

gamoxmaureba hpova Semdgomi periodis publikaciebSi (saqarTvelosa Tu mis

farglebs gareT) da araerTgzis moeqca sajaro ganxilvebisa Tu debatebis

arealSi (Tsu Jurnalistikis mimarTulebisa Tu sxva umaRlesi saswavleblebis

studentTa samecniero da sakvalifikacio naSromTa Temebadac iqca). amdenad,

SevecdebiT, am qveTavSi ufro metad zogadi suraTi warmovadginoT.

disertaciis wina nawilebsa da qveTavebSi warmodgenili mediaproeqcia

da, saerTod, Sesabamisi periodis mediis analizi, saSualebas gvaZlevs

erTgvari reziumes saxiT CamovayaliboT imdroindeli viTarebis konturebi:

sazogadoebis politizebis da politikis personificirebis maRali

xarisxi, sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebel xelisuflebaSi momZlavrebuli

TviTlobirebis (sakuTari biznesisa Tu kontrabandis xelSemwyobi kanonebisa

da samTavrobo gadawyvetilebebis mobilizeba) da lobirebis tendencia,

korufciis maRali done, qveynis cxovrebis yvela sferos _ ekonomikis,

biznesis (Soubiznesis CaTvliT), socialuri sferos, ganaTlebis, kulturis da

a.S. ganuyreli kavSiriDpolitikasTan.

politikuri speqtris e.w. opoziciuri nawili, met-naklebi aqtiurobiTa

da warmatebiT, marTalia, akritikebda prezidentisa da mTavrobis politikas,

magram wamyvan politikur partiebsa da personebs Tavadac ar hqondaT

gamokveTili qveynis saxelmwifoebrivi mowyobisa Tu ekonomikis ganviTarebis

konceptualuri programa, sabazro ekonomikis normaluri ganviTarebis

uzrunvelmyofi prioritetebi, socialuri dacvis programebi... Tumc,

opozicioneri politikuri liderebi acxadebdnen, rom momavali etapi unda

iyos ekonomikis politikisagan gaTavisuflebis, korufciis aRmofxvris,

ministrTa kabinetis SemoRebiT saxelisuflo balansis uzrunvelyofis

periodi da a.S.

politikuri da biznesinteresebis dapirispirebisa Tu Tanxvedris

faqtorebi ZiriTadad fokusirdeboda postSevardnaZistul periodze _ momaval

sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebaSi poziciebis gamagrebisa da garkveuli

samomavlo garantiebis Seqmnis, gavlenis sferoebis SenarCunebisa da

gadanawilebis mimarTulebiT (qveynis sagareo kursis, orientaciisa da

politikuri orientirebis gaTvaliswinebiT).

2003 wlis saarCevno periodi mkveTrad gansxvavdeboda wina parlamentis

arCevnebisagan, upirvelesad imiT, rom, faqtobrivad, es iyo erTgvari

generaluri repeticia 2005 wlis saprezidento arCevnebisa; anu “uSevardnaZeo

saqarTvelosTvis” placdarmis mosamzadebeli procesi. am faqtoris

123

gaTvaliswinebiT, eqspertTa prognozebi ori sapirispiro mimarTulebiT

viTardeboda:

erTni Tvlidnen, rom eduard SevardnaZe Seecdeboda qveynis ganviTarebis

momavali modelis TavisTavze morgebas da qveynis marTvis sadaveebis

SenarCunebas sxvagvar konstituciur rangSi, an _ xelisuflebis sadaveebis

gadacemas, “rusuli modeliT” Tu sxva formiT, im pirovnebisa Tu politikuri

ZalisaTvis, romelic misi reputaciisa da ojaxis xelSeuxeblobis garanti

iqneboda;

meore mimarTuleba aviTarebda Tvalsazriss, rom eduard SevardnaZem

politikur speqtrs Tavisufali ganviTarebis saSualeba misca da met-naklebad

bunebrivi da Tavisufali konkurenciis pirobebSi moamzada igi qveynis

marTvisTvis. am Tvalsazriss safuZvels umagrebda is garemoebac, rom 2001

wels prezidenti gadadga qveynis mmarTveli partiis _ saqarTvelos

moqalaqeTa kavSiris Tavmjdomareobidan; ar SeuSala xeli sakanonmdeblo

organoSi misi dasayrdeni saparlamento umravlesobis daSlis process;

araerTgzis ganacxada, rom ar apirebs momaval saparlamento arCevnebSi

“moqalaqeTa kavSirisTvis” “qulebis dagrovebaSi” xelSewyobas da a.S.

realurad arCevnebis wina periodSi Seqmnili viTareba, Cveni azriT,

zemoTCamoyalibebuli orive Tvalsazrisis erTgvari nazavi iyo. arCevnebTan da

postSevardnaZistul periodTan dakavSirebiT prezident eduard SevardnaZis

erT-erTi bolodroindeli pozicia ase formulirdeboda: “saerTaSoriso

organizaciebi gvexmarebodnen imitom, rom Cveni saxelmwifo kursis sjeraT.

saqarTvelos mier aRebuli kursi ar unda Seicvalos. amis didi imedi aqvs

Cvens megobrebs. es rwmena ar unda Seilaxos. dRes mniSvneloba ara aqvs,

momavali prezidenti vin iqneba. mTavaria, rom axali parlamenti prezidentis

saxelmwifo kursis mxardamWerTa mier dakompleqtdes. Cven ganwyobili varT

sabrZolvelad da dawyebul saqmes bolomde miviyvanT.” (“rezonansi”, 24.09.2003)

aRsaniSnavia, rom amgvari poziciiTve axsna Tu gaamarTla eduard

SevardnaZem 2003 wlis aprilis damdegs Camoyalibebis procesSi myofi

saxelisuflebo blokisadmi Tavisi mxardaWera: “Cven unda gavxdeT nato-s,

evrokavSiris wevri da a.S. am kursis eWvqveS dayenebis mcdeloba aris. arian

aSkara mowinaaRmdegeebi da SeniRbulebi. is safrTxe, rac TvalnaTliv ar Cans,

magram SeiZleba daemuqros qveyanas, me maiZulebs CaverTo am procesSi. am

etapze ar vapirebdi, magram gaaqtiureba aucilebelia... Tu kursi ar Seicvala,

me bevri saqme aRar damrCeba. raRac garkveuli dro _ 6 Tve, erTi weli, iqneb

124

saWiro iyos gamocdilebis gaziarebisTvis.” (“saqarTvelos respublika”,

08.04.2003)

drois am gadasaxedidan SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom am frazebs miRma

ikiTxeba mzaoba (SesaZloa, Semdgomi perspeqtivis codnac) xelisuflebis

xaverdovani gadabarebisaTvis da, nawilobriv, axsna “xelisuflebis narkoman”

(rogorc mas uwodebdnen) eduard SevardnaZis mSvidobiani “Sin wasvlisa”,

noemberSi ganviTarebuli da 23 noembers bolo kondiciamde misuli procesis

Sedegad.

am qveTavisTvis SemTxveviT ar gviwodebia “permanentuli saarCevno

reJimi”; faqtobrivad, wlis damdegidanve daiwyo politikuri subieqtebis

saarCevno samzadisi da saarCevno dispoziciis konturebis gamokveTa; xolo

qveynis cxovreba mTeli weli warimarTa, rogorc erTiani saarCevno kampania;

Sesabamisad, amgvar reJimze gadaerTo masmediac.

saqarTvelos parlamentSi gamarjvebisaTvis 14 partia da 7 saarCevno

bloki ibrZoda, Tumc, gamarjvebis realur pretendentad miiCneoda 7-8

subieqti.

politikuri speqtris dayofa poziciad da opoziciad am saarCevno

kampaniis periodSi ufro paradoqsuli iyo, vidre wina arCevnebis dros.

sakmarisi iqneba Tu vityviT, rom gaerTianebuli opoziciis SesaZlo liderad

presaSi figurirebda parlamentis Tavmjdomaris, nino burjanaZis kandidatura,

romelic realurad gaxda konkretuli opoziciuri blokis (raxan opozicia

ver gaerTianda), “burjanaZe-demokratebis” lideri; igi saarCevno kampanias

bolomde warmarTavda parlamentis Tavmjdomaris rangSi da, zogadad

xelisuflebis mwvave kritikisas, iviwyebda im faqts, rom Tavad iyo qveynis

meore piri. saxelisuflebo blokis (romlis wamyvani Zala iyo yofili

mmarTveli partia _ “moqalaqeTa kavSiri”) saarCevno kampanias, faqtobrivad,

aseve maRali postidan, warmarTavda misi lideri, saxelmwifo ministri

avTandil jorbenaZe (arCevnebamde ori TviT adre blokis oficialuri lideri

gaxda eqs saxelmwifo ministri vaJa lorTqifaniZe).

sami opoziciuri partia, romlebic winasaarCevno reitingebSi

liderobdnen, faqtobrivad, yofili mmarTveli partiis _ “moqalaqeTa

kavSiris” wiaRidan iyo aRmocenebuli:

“saakaSvili-nacionaluri moZraoba” _ wina parlamentSi “moqalaqeTa

kavSiris” siiT gasuli, eqs iusticiis ministrisa da dedaqalaqis sakrebulos

imJamindeli Tavmjdomaris, mixeil saakaSvilis liderobiT;

125

bloki “burjanaZe-demokratebi” _ parlamentis Tavmjdomaris nino

burjanaZisa da parlamentis eqs Tavmjdomaris, yofili mmarTveli partiis

erT-erTi lideris, zurab Jvanias xelmZRvanelobiT;

“axali memarjveneebi” _ wina mowvevis parlamentSi aseve “moqalaqeTa

kavSiris” siiT gasuli biznesmenebis, daviT gamyreliZisa da levan gaCeCilaZis

liderobiT.

gacilebiT Zveli, “leiboristuli partia” (ucvleli lideris, Salva

naTelaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT), romelic aseve liderobda saarCevno

reitingebSi, zemoxsenebul politikur Zalebs opoziciad ar miiCnevda da maT

mudmivad adanaSaulebda xelisuflebasTan aliansSi.

“aRorZinebas” (“demokratiuli aRorZinebis kavSirs”) (romelic wina

arCevnebSi “moqalaqeTa kavSiris” ZiriTadi konkurenti iyo) danarCeni

opoziciuri Zalebi saxelisuflebo partiad Tvlidnen, rogorc aWaris

avtonomiuri respublikis mmarTvel partias, Tavad “aRorZineba” ki Tavs

WeSmarit opoziciad miiCnevda.

e.w. saxelisuflebo bloki _ “axali saqarTvelosaTvis”, ramdenime

subieqtisagan Sedgeboda, romelTa Soris iyvnen damoukideblobis pirvel

wlebSi Seqmnili, warsulSi saTanado avtoritetis mqone partiebi: erovnul-

demokratiuli partia (edp), qristian-demokratiuli kavSiri, “mwvaneTa partia”;

amasTan, yofili mmarTveli partia _ “moqalaqeTa kavSiri”, socialisturi

partia da sxva subieqtebi.

didi opoziciuri gaerTianebis Seqmna, romlis molodini Zalian mZlavri

iyo sazogadoebaSi, yvelaze metad pirovnulma ambiciebma Seaferxa _ yvela

zemoxsenebul liders (levan gaCeCilaZis garda), afiSirebulad Tu

araafiSirebulad, prezidentobis ambicia hqonda (aRmoCnda, rom wlebis

Semdgom es ambicia gaCeCilaZesac gauCnda).

TiTqmis yvela politikuri partia identificirdeboda liderTan da ara

Tavis samoqmedo kredosTan pirovnuli faqtori amjeradac ganmsazRvreli iyo

eleqtoraluri arCevanisTvis.

“lokomotivis” fenomeni dominantur faqtorad rCeboda 2003 wlis

saparlamento arCevnebis winac. ramdenime saarCevno subieqtma am rolis

Semsruleblis saxeli Tavis saxelwodebaSic ki Seitana: “burjanaZe-

demokratebi”, “saakaSvili-nacionaluri moZraoba”, “patiaSvili-erToba”, rac

imaze mianiSnebs, rom im droisTvis lideris fenomens jer kidev eniWeboda

upiratesoba partiul Tu blokis programasTan da ideologiasTan SedarebiT”,

_ aRniSnavs givi kapanaZe Tavis naSromSi “qarTuli media da demokratizaciis

126

procesi saqarTveloSi”. kapanaZe marTebulad SeniSnavs, rom “yvelaze Zlier

“lokomotivad” CvenSi qarizmatuli lideri yalibdeba.” (30, 176-177) davZenT,

rom ara mxolod CvenSi, qarizmatuli lideris prioritetuloba,

politteqnologTa azriT, damaxasiaTebelia saerTod postsabWoTa

sivrcisTvis.

raxan politteqnologiebi vaxseneT, unda aRiniSnos, rom am

TvalsazrisiT 2003 wlis arCevnebi aSkarad gamoirCeoda. 2001-2002 wlebis

presaSi “aqsionenkos milioniT” dafinansebuli “imijmeikerebi”, “imij-kontaqti”

da “sitnikovis receptebi” skandalur konteqstSi figurirebda zurab Jvaniasa

da reformatorebTan mimarTebaSi (1999 wlis saparlamento arCevnebTan

dakavSirebiT) da saarCevno procesebTan “piaris” mimarTeba mxolod negatiur

faqtorad aRiqmeboda. ver vityviT, rom qarTuli media, eleqtorati da

arCevnebSi monawile subieqtebi erTbaSad Tanamedrove yaidaze gadaewyvnen da

saTanadod gaacnobieres saarCevno teqnologiebis mniSvneloba da misi

Sesabamisoba Cvens realobasTan; magram media ufro xSirad mimarTavs

komentarebisTvis Sesabamisi sferos specialistebs; marTalia, politikuri

lideri jerjerobiT ar ganixileba, rogorc marketinguli produqti, magram

presaSi Cndeba cneba “politikuri produqti” _ cnobad da reitingul

politikosebTan mimarTebaSi.

am mxriv yvelaze TvalsaCinoa SedarebiT xanmokle periodSi nino

burjanaZis strategiuli (saarCevno) imijis Camoyalibeba, razec presa

gansakuTrebiT amaxvilebda yuradRebas. “nino burjanaZis sensaciuri reitingi”

_ farTo anSlagiT iuwyeboda “alia”, “ai-pi-em-is” monacemebiT politikosTa

reitingSi nino burjanaZis “erTmniSvnelovani” liderobis faqts. (168)

“burjanaZe, rogorc politikuri produqti, Jvaniasa da SevardnaZis

mieraa Seqmnili, _ werda Jurnali “sarke”, _ “SevardnaZe Tavisi gancxadebebiT

da kuluaruli politikiT yvelafers akeTebda saamisod. man ar dauSva

opoziciis gaerTianeba burjanaZis irgvliv. mogvianebiT gaakeTa gancxadeba,

rom burjanaZe kargi Tavmjdomarea, amis Semdeg mkacr kritikaze gadavida. es

TavisTavad parlamentis Tavmjdomaris reitingze dadebiTad aisaxeboda.

batonma zurabma amiT ostaturad isargebla da gasaocari ram moxda _

politikuri organizacia, romelsac 7%-iani barieris gadalaxvis aranairi

Sansi ar hqonda, burjanaZesTan Serwymis Semdeg winasaarCevno maraTonis

favoriti gaxda.” (136)

avanscenaze nino burjanaZis gamoyvana da zurab Jvanias CrdilSi yofna

presaSi upiratesad axsnilia imiT, rom Jvanias ara aqvs qarizma, igi am

127

TvalsazrisiTac ver Seedreba maRali reitingis mqone mixeil saakaSvils. aqve

aRvniSnavT, rom qarizmatulobasTan erTad, mixeil saakaSvili, rogorc

politikuri lideri, asocirdeba, pirvel rigSi, korufciasTan mebrZol

gmirTan, reformebTan (gansakuTrebiT sasamarTlo reformasTan), radikalur

cvlilebebTan da a.S. kidev erTxel davimowmebT gigi TevzaZis filosofiur-

politikur eses (“saqarTvelo: Zalauflebis dabruneba”), romelSic igi zurab

Jvaniasa da mis partias ganixilavs “simulirebuli demokratiis” konteqstSi,

“nacionalur moZraobasTan” dakavSirebiT ki aRniSnavs, rom is “sakuTar

momavals liberalur-demokratiul gardaqmnebs ukavSirebs. misi wevrebisaTvis

cxadia, rom isini verasodes daupirispireben maT winaaRmdeg arsebul fuls

ufro met fuls. xolo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu daupirispires, maTi unikaloba, anu

maqsimaluri demokratizaciis da liberalizmis talRaze xelisuflebaSi

mosvlisaken mimarTuleba, gaqreba: did fuls didi kompromisebi mosdevs.” (25,

29)

amasTan, presaSi figurirebs mosazrebebi, rom saarCevno teqnologiebi

gamoiyeneba ara mxolod saarCevno warmatebis misaRwevad, aramed,

sazogadoebrivi procesebis marTvisTvisac, Tundac, destabilizaciuri

situaciebis provocirebisTvis. “xvalindeli dRis” publikaciis saTauri da

qvesaTauri kargad gamoxatavs winasaarCevno ganwyobas _ “sareitingo omi

momTabare eleqtoratisTvis”, “sazogadoebrivi azris manipulaciiT

destabilizacia mzaddeba”; publikaciaSi ki vkiTxulobT: “kvleviTi centris

“analitikosis” xelmZRvaneli, giorgi okribelaSvili darwmunebulia, rom

reitingebis omi SeiZleba mZime SedegebiT dasruldes. amas SeiZleba mohyves

destabilizacia, an uares SemTxvevaSi, baqos movlenebi ganviTardes; “rodesac

reitingebis mixedviT partias 20% aqvs da is arCevnebSi 7%-ian bariers ver

gadalaxavs, ra Tqma unda, es destabilizaciisTvis motivacia iqneba”.


“sociologiuri omi”, “reitingebis keTeba”, “reitingebiT manipulireba” _

mediis leqsikonSi gaCenili amgvari cnebebi imaze mianiSnebs, rom am arCevnebSi

sociologiuri gamokiTxvebi erTgvarad manipulirebis saSualebad iqca. presa

werda imis Taobaze, rom winasaarCevnod Catarebuli sociologiuri kvlevebiT

Seqmnili suraTisa da arCevnebze realurad miRebuli Sedegebis

gansxvavebuloba gaxdeba destabilizaciuri situaciis gamomwvevi ZiriTadi

mizezi; rom saqarTveloSi gamogonil gamokiTxvebze ufro didi

moTxovnilebaa, anu konkretuli partia sociologiur samsaxurs ukveTavs ara

gamokiTxvas, aramed pirdapir Sedegs. ra Tqma unda, sociologiuri samsaxurebi

128

amas kategoriulad uaryofen, samagierod, partiebi, romlebic mediis

saSualebiT gavrcelebuli sociologiuri gamokiTxvebis SedegebSi xSirad

arian mowinave poziciebze, erTmaneTs gamokiTxvis Sedegebis gayalbebaSi

adanaSauleben:

“me am reitingebis oms undoblobas vucxadeb, radganac masmediis

saSualebiT gadmocemuli prognozebi konkretuli partiebis mier aris

dakveTili”, _ ganacxada mixeil saakaSvilma”; “aRsaniSnavia, rom Salva

naTelaSvils amjerad saakaSvilis gulwrfelobaSi eWvi ar epareba:

“saakaSvils es teqnologiebi ar eswavleba. is bantiani biWi rom hyavT (goCa

cqitiSvili _ “rezonansi”), imis daxmarebiT ayalbebdnen da rac undodaT, imas

swerdnen. axla es biWi Jvanias bankSi gadabargda da miSas aRar swyalobs.

amitomac aris gabrazebuli. visac reitingi ara aqvs, gayalbeba imas sWirdeba.

“gelapma” Caatara gamokvlevebi da am kvlevebiT pirvel adgilze Cven varT...

reitingi aqvs mxolod leiboristul partias.” (“rezonansi”, 19.09.2003)

arCevnebamde ramdenime dRiT adre mediaSi gansakuTrebiT gaaqtiurda

sazogadoebrivi azriT manipulirebis Tema. zogierTi eqsperti azerbaijanSi

arCevnebis Semdeg momxdar sisxlian dapirispirebas arapirdapir

egzitpolebsac ukavSirebs (arCevnebis dRes gamoqveynebuli erT-erTi

egzitpolis mixedviT opoziciuri partiis kandidati liderobda); marTalia,

dapirispirebis provocirebaSi sociologiuri jgufi arafer SuaSia, magram am

monacemebs SeeZlo gaemZafrebina arCevnebis Sedegebisadmi undobloba.

mediaSi ikveTeba Tvalsazrisic, rom teqnologiebis gaaqtiurebam

eleqtoraluri sivrcis Camoyalibebazec iqonia zegavlena, gazarda

amomrCevlis mzaoba arCevanisTvis. kvleviTi centris “analitikosis” mier

Catarebuli gamokiTxvis SedegebiT, prognozirebuli iyo, rom saqarTvelos

masStabiT arCevnebSi monawileobas miiRebda mosaxleobis 78,7%. (“xvalindeli

dRe”, 24.10.2003) sagulisxmoa PR kompania “nikkolo m”-is xelmZRvanelis, giorgi

RambaSiZis mosazreba, romelic miiCnevda, rom “dRes aris Camoyalibebuli

eleqtorati da “karuselebis” dro saqarTveloSi wavida”. misi azriT, wina

arCevnebisagan gansxvavebiT, ar igrZnoba prezidentis gansakuTrebuli

mxardaWera saxelisuflebo blokisadmi. prezidentma miaRwia mTavars _

gazrdilia arCevnebSi monawileobis eleqtoraluri moTxovna. amasTan, giorgi

RambaSiZe Tvlida, rom saubari xelisuflebisagan marTul destabilizaciasa

da arCevnebis CaSlaze isev da isev cnobili teqnologiebis Sedegia. (t/k

“imedi”, programa “arCevani”, 03.10. 2003)

129

sainformacio teqnologiebis mkvlevari goCa CogovaZe aRniSnavda, rom

“politikuri partiebi da blokebi TviTreklamisa da sakuTari ideebis

sailustraciod sul ufro farTod iyeneben Tanamedrove sainformacio

teqnologiebs... rac Seexeba imas, ramdenad cvlian es teqnologiebi qarTul

politikur speqtrs; Tu SevadarebT dasavleTis winasaarCevno bataliebs

saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebs, me vityodi, rom CvenTan ZiriTadi aqcenti

keTdeba pirovnebebze, maT Tvisebebze, warmoSobasa da SesaZleblobebze, roca

dasavleTSi debartebi imarTeba ufro partiebisa da blokebis programebis

Sesaxeb.” (Jurnali “Tbiliselebi”, 20.10.2003)

disertaciis pirvel nawilSi yuradRebas vamaxvilebdiT mediis faqtorze,

romelmac Seamzada niadagi postSevardnaZistul epoqaSi “xaverdovani”

gadasvlisTvis, SemdgomSi “gamarjvebul televiziad” wodebuli “t/k “rusTavi

2”-is gansakuTrebul wvlilze “vardebis revoluciaSi” da a.S. eleqtoralur

arCevanze mediis zemoqmedebis sailustraciod moviSveliebT Tanamedrove

amerikis erT-erTi gavleniani da warmatebuli politikuri konsultantis, dik

morisis (albaT sakmarisi iqneba Tu vityviT, rom igi xelmZRvanelobda 1996

wels prezident bil klintonis meore vadiT arCevis kampanias) mosazrebas. is

aRniSnavs, rom “amerikelebi dRes warmoadgenen sainformacio narkomanebisagan

Semdgar eleqtorats”, romelsac informirebulobis maRali done sakuTar

politikur pozicias uyalibebs. Sesabamisad, amerikelebi politikurad ufro

da ufro damoukideblebi xdebian da eleqtoratis didi wili _ 40 procenti,

es is adamianebi arian, romlebic ar arian arcerTis mxardamWerebi _ ori

ZiriTadi politikuri partiidan (respublikelebi da demokratebi, _ l.k.), da xmas ar

aZleven maT programebs. (51, 11-14) eleqtoratis damoukideblobis faqtors dik

morisi amerikis saxelmwifos demokratiulobis maCveneblad miiCnevs.

“demokratia _ es aris arCevnebi, xolo arCevnebiT Cven imis dadgenas

vcdilobT, Tu saiT unda wavides qveynis ganviTareba”, _ aRniSnavs leSek

balceroviCi Tavis wignSi _ “saxelmwifo gardamaval periodSi”. (5, 12)

rogorc vxedavT, arCevnebi da amomrCevlis damoukideblobis faqtori

qveynis demokratiulobis ganmsazRvreli erT-erTi mTavari kriteriumia. am

fonze pasuxismgebloba da roli mediisa, romelic zegavlenas axdens

eleqtoralur arCevanze, uaRresad mniSvnelovania. es Tema SemTxveviT ar

wamogviwevia wina planze; “vardebis revolucia”, romliTac dasrulda 2003

wlis permanentuli saarCevno reJimi, Cveni azriT, TavisTavad iyo

“politteqnologiuri produqti”. amdenad, varCieT am mimarTulebiT presis

naklebad Seswavlil aqcentebze ufro metad gagvemaxvilebina yuradReba, vidre

130

saarCevno bataliebze, “kmaras” aqciebze, “amerikul saarCevno receptze”

(presis formulireba), romelic saqarTveloSi jeims beikerma Camoitana (7-9

ivlisis presa, 2004) da a.S.

rac Seexeba mediis wvlils “vardebis revoluciis” momzadebasa da

ganxorcielebaSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom am Temaze TiTqos bevri iTqva da

daiwera, migvaCnia, rom es Tema sagangebo kvlevebs imsaxurebs. Aam Temas

mokled Cvenc SevexeT disertaciis sxva TavebSi, aq ki moviSveliebT maia

toraZis mosazrebas zemoxsenebuli sadisertacio naSromidan (“Tanamedrove

presa da arCevnebis problema”): “2003 wlis 2 noembris arCevnebze xmebis

gayalbebis winaaRmdeg amomrCevlis gaaqtiureba masobrivi informaciis

saSualebaTa damsaxurebaa.” (69, 17)

*

arCevnebi saqarTvelos gamocdaa demokratiaSi _ es damokidebuleba

saparlamento arCevnebisadmi yvelaze mkafiod ikveTeba presaSi. eqspertebis

(maT Soris _ dasavleli eqspertebis) SefasebiT, postsabWoTa sivrceSi

Catarebul arcerT arCevnebs aseTi interesi ar gamouwvevia. amaze metyvelebda

ucxoel damkvirvebelTa sarekordo maCvenebelic _ 2000-ze meti.

oqtomberSi saqarTveloSi vizitad myofma senatorma jon makkeinma

ganacxada, rom aSS-is mizania saqarTveloSi samarTliani da gamWvirvale

arCevnebi Catardes: “saqarTvelo amerikelebisaTvis Tavisuflebis simboloa da

kargi iqneba, Tu is arCevnebis Semdegac aseTad darCeba.” man aRniSna, rom

“amerikas am arCevnebSi ar hyavs sakuTari kandidatura”. sagulisxmo iyo

makkeinis fraza: “Tu qveyana sxvas sTxovs sakuTari Tavisuflebis dacvas,

kargavs Tavisuflebas.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 06.10.2004)

“erovnul-demokratiuli institutis” direqtori mark maleni miiCnevda,

rom “arCevnebis bedi mxolod saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa xelSia”; rom

“arCevnebis samarTlianobis gansazRvra imis mixedviT, Tu ra procenti miiRo

erTma partiam da ra _ meorem, ar SeiZleba. rogorme yvela partia erTnairi

pasuxismgeblobiT unda CaerTos arCevnebis samarTlianad Catarebis

uzrunvelyofaSi.”

saqarTvelosadmi dasavleTis damokidebulebisa da arCevnebis

urTierTmimarTebam gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba SeiZina baqos movlenebis

Semdeg. saqarTvelos mediaSi gaCnda mosazrebebi, rom saerTaSoriso

Tanamegobroba saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi ise loialuri ar iqneba, rogorc

131

azerbaijanTan mimarTebaSi. es varaudi daadastura 21 oqtombers TbilisSi

vizitad myofi euTo-s moqmedi Tavmjdomaris iap de hoop sxeferis gancxadebam,

rom evropa saqarTveloSi saparlamento arCevnebis Catarebis process

gansakuTrebiT gaakontrolebs; rom am dRes gamoCndeba, ramdenad myari da

safuZvliania saqarTvelos ambiciebi _ evroatlantikur sivrceSi qveynis

sruli integraciisa. (“mTavari gazeTi”, 22.10.2003)

paralelurad, analitikosebi ar iviwyebdnen ruseTis faqtorsac

(konteqstiT _ “saqarTvelo _ ruseT-amerikis gzajvaredini”) da

prognozirebdnen, rom arCevnebTan dakavSirebiT, ruseTi ecdeba ufro

gaamwvavos procesebi saqarTveloSi da destabilizaciis saSiSroeba

albaTobidan realobad aqcios.

arCevnebis wina dReebSi opoziciis mxridan gaZlierda aqcenti, rom

arCevnebis gayalbeba lamis gardauvalia da, Sesabamisad, aseve gardauvalia

masobrivi gamosvlebi, romelic, SesaZloa, destabilizaciaSi gadaizardos.

azerbaijanSi saprezidento arCevnebis Semdgom ganviTarebulma movlenebma,

SeiZleba iTqvas, saqarTveloSi winaswar moaxdina saparlamento arCevnebTan

dakavSirebuli “destabilizaciuri molodinis” provocireba.

arCevnebis moaxloebasTan erTad presaSi ufro xSirad Cndeba sagangaSo

ganwyobis Semqmneli saTaurebi: “zugdidSi devnilebsa da adgilobrivebs

Soris sisxlisRvra igegmeba?”; “vanSi arCevnebi, SesaZloa, CaiSalos”

(“rezonansi”, 23.10.2004), “arCevnebis gayalbebiT ukmayofiloebs SevardnaZe baqos

scenars umzadebs”; “arCevnebis dRes deni ar iqneba” (“xvalindeli dRe”,

23.10.2004), “opozicia mosaxleobas fsiqologiurad amzadebs arCevnebis Semdeg

quCaSi gamosayvanad”; “winasaarCevno kampania danaSaulebriv xasiaTs Rebulobs”

(“axali Taoba”, 24.10.2004), “lagodexSi winasaarCevno dapirispireba mwvavdeba”

(“24 saaTi” 24.10.2004) da a.S.

situaciis daZabvis sababad iqca saarCevno siebi, romlis gayalbebaSi,

jer kidev arCevnebamde, erTmaneTs adanaSaulebdnen xelisufleba, opozicia,

centraluri saarCevno komisia da arasamTavrobo organizaciebi. garda amisa,

Seqmnili situaciis axsnisTvis gasaTvaliswinebelia kidev erTi faqtori _

opoziciuri partiebi erT sivrceSi “TamaSobdnen”, seriozuli politikuri

Zalis ganacxadi minimum 7 politikur Zalas mainc hqonda (maTi saerTo

“saarCevno wili” daaxloebiT 70-75%-s Seadgenda). “SedegebiT ukmayofilo

organizaciebi aucileblad gaakeTeben mkveTr gancxadebebs. opozicia aris

cxra, saxelisuflebo bloki _ erTi. erTma rom gaimarjvos, rva ukmayofilo

iqneba, an SeiZleba cxrave iqnes ukmayofilo”, _ aseT komentars akeTebda

132

saxelisuflebo blokis spikeri (warsulSi erovnuli moZraobis erT-erTi

lideri), irina sariSvili-Wanturia, arCevnebamde ramdenime kviriT adre.


2 noembers, saparlamento arCevnebTan erTad, saqarTveloSi, faqtobrivad,

referendumic tardeboda _ amomrCevels unda epasuxa kiTxvaze: ”mxars uWerT

TuU ara parlamentarTa raodenobis 150-mde Semcirebas?”

arCevnebamde gamokveTili sazogadoebrivi azri, eqspertTa da

JurnalistTa mosazrebebi erTmaneTs emTxveoda im TvalsazrisiT, rom

parlamentis raodenobrivi Semcireba aucilebelia; magram azrTa sxvadasxvaoba

iyo referendumis arCevnebTan erTad Catarebis mizanSewonilobis gamo. iurist

daviT usufaSvilis mosazrebiT, es referendumi plebiscitis funqcias

Seasrulebda, radgan referendumisagan gansxvavebiT, misi Sedegis

dauyovnebliv Sesruleba ar moxdeboda, parlamentarTa raodenobis Semcireba

axali mowvevis parlaments ar exeboda; parlamenti gaiTvaliswinebda e.w.

referendumis Sedegebs da miiRebda Sesabamis gadawyvetilebas. saqarTvelos

prezidenti eduard SevardnaZe referendums akisrebda ara mxolod

parlamentis raodenobrivi Semcirebis, aramed, qveyanaSi sakonstitucio

reformebis ganxorcielebisaTvis niadagis momzadebis funqcias. pirvel rigSi,

igulisxmeboda ministrTa kabinetis SemoReba, romlis aucileblobaSi

erTsulovani iyo xelisuflebac da opoziciac. (aqve aRvniSnavT, rom

referendumis SedegebiT, saqarTvelos amomrCevelTa 99%-ma xma misca

parlamentarTa ricxvis Semcirebas).

2 noembris arCevnebma, romelsac baqos movlenebis msgavs ganviTarebas

uwinaswarmetyvelebdnen, eleqtoratis mosalodnelze meti aqtiurobiT Caiara

da miuxedavad arCevnebis momdevno dRis simSvidisa, 4 noembris saRamos,

destabilizaciuri situaciis zRvarTan mivida. blok “burjanaZe-demokratebis”

mowodebas _ “davicvaT demokratiuli opoziciis xmebi”, pirveli SeuerTda

bloki “saakaSvili-nacionalebi”. liderebis meTaurobiT, aseulobiT

mxardamWerTan erTad, isini quCaSi gamovidnen da mitingi gamarTes.

centraluri saarCevno komisiis winaswari monacemebiT miRebuli Sedegi

(romelic uaxlovdeboda erT-erTi saarCevno egzitpolis Sedegs)

saxelisuflebo blokisTvis _ 24%, iseve, rogorc opoziciuri partiebis

saerTo savaraudo procenti (70%-mde), met-naklebi realobiT asaxavda

politologebis mier winaswar prognozirebul Sedegebs. winaswari monacemebiT,

bloks _ “saakaSvili-nacionalebi”, romelic parlamentSi umravlesobiT

mosvlas gegmavda (iseve, rogorc “leiboristebi” da “burjanaZe-demokratebi”),

133

saxelisuflebo blokis Tanabari procenti hqonda. arCevnebis wina periodSi

reitingebis pirvel-meore nomrad myofi “burjanaZe-demokratebis” wili, 8%--is

farglebSi meryeobda, rac maT winasaarCevno ambiciebs namdvilad ar

Seesabameboda; Tumc, bevri eqsperti miiCnevda _ rom ara personalurad nino

burjanaZis mkveTrad mzardi reitingi, am blokis mTavari subieqti _

“demokratebi”, 7%-iani barieris vergadalaxvis sfrTxis winaSe idga.

yvela saxis winaswari monacemebiT (cesko-s winaswari monacemebi,

arasamTavrobo organizacia ”samarTliani arCevnebis” paraleluri daTvlis

SedegiT, ori, erTmaneTisagan damoukidebeli egzitpolis SedegebiT),

parlamentSi moxvedra TiTqmis garantirebuli hqondaT: saxelisuflebo bloks

“axali saqarTvelosaTvis”, blok “saakaSvili-nacionalebs”, “demokratiuli

aRorZinebis kavSirs” (“aRorZinebas”) da “leiboristul (Sromis) partias”. 7%-

iani barieris gadalaxvis Sansi hqondaT blok “burjanaZe-demokratebsa” da

“axal memarjveneebs”, maTze naklebi, magram Teoriuli Sansi _ bloks

“mrewveloba gadaarCens saqarTvelos”.

rogorc mosalodneli iyo, saerTaSoriso damkvirveblebma saqarTveloSi

Catarebuli arCevnebi (azerbaijanuli arCevnebisagan gansxvavebiT) uSeRavaTod,

saerTaSoriso standartebis moTxovnebiT Seafases da aRniSnes, rom igi ar

Seesabameboda am standartebs. “migvaCnia, rom qveynis mosaxleoba ufro karg

saarCeveno sistemas da uflebebis Sesabamis dacvas imsaxurebs, rac

samwuxarod, guSin ar ganxorcielda”, _ aRniSna 3 noembers gamarTul

brifingze euTo-s moqmedi Tavmjdomaris sagangebo koordinatorma brius

jorjma. aSS-is saerTaSoriso respublikuri institutis prezidenti jorj

filsoni yuradRebas amaxvilebda arCevnebisas gamovlenil problemebze:

amomrCevelTa siebi, saarCevno administraciebis arakompetenturoba,

administraciuli resursebis gamoyeneba, politikuri partiebis ideologiis

ararseboba. (t/k “rusTavi 2”, 03.11.2004)

daZabulobis eskalacia gamoiwvia cesko-Si aWaris avtonomiuri

respublikis monacemebis Sesvlam, romlis mixedviTac arCevnebis winaswari

Sedegi Tavdayira dadga _ “aRorZinebam” gauswro saxelisuflebo bloksa da

“nacionalur moZraobas” da pirvel adgilze gadainacvla. SesaZloa, es iyo

“babuebis” (SevardnaZe-abaSiZis) kidev erTi garigebis Sedegi _ morigi manevri

xelisuflebis SenarCunebisaTvis.

viTareba ukiduresad daiZaba ara mxolod dedaqalaqSi, aramed,

regionebSic. TbilisSi, parlamentis win dabanakebul momitingeTa rigebi

geometriuli progresiiT izrdeboda. momitingeTa skandireba _ “miSa!”, “miSa!” _

134

“nacionalebis” momxreTa primatze mianiSnebda, xolo eduard SevardnaZisadmi

mimarTuli “gadadeqi!” imis niSani iyo, rom yovelgvari ukmayofileba _

politikuric, socialurica da pirovnulic, prezidentis gadadgomis

moTxovnaSi akumulirda.

14 noembers movlenebis ganviTarebam farTo masStabi miiRo _

dedaqalaqSi aTiaTasobiT adamiani Seikriba, ZiriTadad _ “nacionaluri

moZraobisa” da “burjanaZe-demokratebis” mxardamWerebi; mogvianebiT maT

“zviadistebis” erTi frTa SeuerTda. aqciebis mimdinareobis mTel periodSi

gansakuTrebuli aqtiurobiTa da radikalizmiT gamoirCeoda axalgazrduli

moZraoba “kmara” (romlis dafinansebasac presa soross ukavSirebda)...

miuxedavad imave dRes prezident eduard SevardnaZis mier gakeTebuli

sagangebo gancxadebisa, rom igi ar dauSvebs samoqalaqo oms, miuxedavad

opoziciis liderebis mudmivi mowodebisa, rom aqcias mSvidobiani xasiaTi

hqonoda, Zalian mcire iyo imis albaToba, rom arCevnebis Semdgomi aTdRiani

daZabuli viTareba da ukompromiso saprotesto ganwyoba seriozuli

destabilizaciis wyarod ar iqceoda. mravalaTasiani mitingi, romelsac

“saqarTvelos bedis gadawyvetis” misia ekisreboda, “si-en-en”-is, “bi-bi-si”-s,

“evronius”-isa da sxva sainformacio saSualebebis meSveobiT, msoflio

sazogadoebriobis interesis sagani gaxda. mitingma, faqtobrivad, “vardebis

revoluciis” generaluri repeticiis roli Seasrula _ Tavisi masStaburobiT,

organizebulobiT, mSvidobiani xasiaTiT, mSvidad daSliT. presaSi es movlena

Sefasda imis mauwyeblad, rom saqarTvelos samoqalaqo sazogadoebam am etapze

“gamocda Caabara”. (15 noembris presa). rac Seexeba “vardebis revoluciis”

Sefasebasa da mniSvnelobas, es Tema ganviTarebulia disertaciis Semdgom

nawilSi _ “vardebis revolucia” da postrevoluciuri periodi”.

2004 wlis saprezidento da xelaxali saparlamento arCevnebi

“Segnebulad ar vamaxvilebT yuradRebas 2004 wlis saprezidento da

saparlamento arCevnebze. es iyo postrevoluciuri periodi, roca moqalaqeTa

politikuri arCevani “vardebis revoluciis” dReebSi gamJRavnda. arCevnebi

saerTaSoriso organizaciaTa didma nawilma samagaliTod aRiara, Tumca,

codva gamxelili sjobs _ am dReebSi asarCevi arc araferi iyo, radgan

revoluciis eiforiis periodSi opoziciuri azri qreba” (xazi Cvenia – l.k.), _

aRniSnavs maia toraZe zemoxsenebul sadisertacio naSromSi. (69, 46)

135

Cvenc viziarebT am mosazrebas, magram mainc SevaCerebT yuradRebas 2004

wlis arCevnebis gaSuqebaze, radgan am TemasTan dakavSirebuli publikaciebi,

aqcentebi da niuansebi avsebs presaSi postrevoluciuri viTarebis asaxvis

saerTo suraTs da aCvenebs, rom “vardebis revolucias” arsebiTad ar

Seucvlia saqarTvelos politikuri cxovrebisa da presis mTavari orientiri _

saxelisuflo brZolebis primati, pirovnuli faqtoris dominirebiT.

miuxedavad imisa, rom “vardebis revoluciis” procesSi da,

gansakuTrebiT, bolo dReebSi, gamoikveTa mixeil saakaSvilis, rogorc

revoluciis lideris, saxe, funqcia da mniSvneloba, revoluciis meore dResve

daiwyo presaSi versiebis ganviTareba saprezidento kandidaturis Taobaze; ra

Tqma unda, figurirebs mixeil saakaSvili, magram xsendeba nino burjanaZec.

gazeTi “xvalindeli dRe”, magaliTad, werda, rom “savaraudod, qveyanaSi

arsebuli politikuri Zalebis umetesobisTvis met-naklebad misaRebi

saprezidento kandidatura nino burjanaZeEiqneba. mas upiratesobas mianiWeben,

rogorc saakaSvilze gacilebiT naklebradikalur figuras.” (“xvalindeli

dRe”, 26.11.2003)

mixeil saakaSvilis saprezidento Rirsebebis ganxilvisas ZiriTadad

yuradReba maxvildeba mis qarizmatulobaze, ualternativobaze, gambedaobaze,

emociurobaze (gavixsenoT vaxuSti kotetiSvilis cnobili naTqvami _

“qarTvelebi emociuri xalxi varT da emociur prezidents virCevT”),

infantilurobaze, “amerikis mier Seqmnil imijze”... gvxvdeba ramdenime mkveTrad

gansxvavebuli Sefasebac; magaliTad, politolog soso cincaZes saakaSvili

britanel premiers, dizraels agonebs, romelsac “axalgazrdobaSi bevri

SokirebaSi mohyavda Tavisi eqstravaganturi radikalizmiT, xolo istoriaSi

Sevida erT-erT brwyinvale premierad, romlis drosac britaneTma suecis arxi

Caigdo xelSi.” (“rezonansi”, 06.12.2004)

revoluciis momdevno dReebSi presaSi aSkarad TvalSisacemia mixeil

saakaSvilis radikalizmisa da agresiulobis xarisxisa da ambiciurobis

Sesusteba. am TvalsazrisiT yvelaze momgebianad igi gazeT “24 saaTis” 24-25

noembris nomrebSia warmodgenili (yuradRebas ipyrobs misi efeqturi fotoc,

gawonasworebul da mSvid pozaSi); aRsaniSnavia, rom erT-erT publikaciaSi

saakaSvili maRal Sefasebas aZlevs eqsprezidents: “SevardnaZe didi

pirovnebaa”; “prezidenti ukiduresad Rirseulad iqceoda”. (“24 saaTi”, 24.12.2004)

(gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom SemdgomSi, gaprezidentebamde Tu

prezidentobisas, mixeil saakaSvili kategoriulad uaryofda eduard

SevardnaZis personas, moixseniebda mxolod mkveTrad uaryofiT konteqstSi da

136

yoveli axali saqmis wamowyebisas mis leqsikaSi xazgasmiT figurirebda _

“pirvelad saqarTveloSi”...)

revoluciis Semdgom dReebSi mediis yvela saSualeba exeba mixeil

saakaSvilis SesaZlo likvidaciis Temas ama Tu im konteqstSi. “jorjian

Taimsis” publikaciis (“arCevnebamde saakaSvils moklaven?”) provokaciul

aqcentebSi zurab Jvania xsendeba, rogorc SesaZlo “damkveTi”: “mkvlelobis

ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi winaswar icodeT, rom Jvania damkveTad giorgaZes

daasaxelebs, Tundac im SemTxvevaSi, rom am mkvlelobis ukan Tavad idges.”

(“jorjian Taimsi”, 04.12.2004) mixeil saakaSvilze SesaZlo Tavdasxmis versiebs

amZafrebs usafrTxoebis motiviT krwanisis rezidenciaSi misi gadayvanis

faqtic.

amasTan, presaSi gvxvdeba miniSnebebi “marTvad qaosze” da misi

dakavSireba saprezidento arCevnebis CaSlis safrTxesTan, xsendeba igor

giorgaZe da, ra Tqma unda, ruseTi. politolog paata zaqareiSvilis

mosazrebiT, “...momxdari afeTqebebic, gasrolebic da raionebis mixedviT

ganxorcielebuli satelefono teroric, profesionalebis mier zedmiwevniT

kargad dagegmil da ganxorcielebul sadazvervo-sadiversio operacias ufro

hgavs, vidre “revanSs”. movlenaTa ganviTarebis jaWvi swored imis

mimaniSnebelia, rom procesi ucxo qveynis, kerZod ki, ruseTis

specsamsaxurebidan imarTeba.” (“kviris palitra”, 15.12.2003)

saprezidento arCevnebTan dakavSirebiT presa aviTarebs mosazrebebs, rom

lamis anegdoturi kandidaturebis arseboba saakaSvils karg fons ar uqmnis.

erTaderTi kandidatura, romelic ase Tu ise angariSgasawev konkurentad

ganixileba, Temur SaSiaSvilia. saarCevno kampaniis dasawyisSi, satelevizio

gamosvlebsa Tu sagazeTo interviuebSi, Temur SaSiaSvili xazgasmiT

aRniSnavda, rom qveyanaSi unda damTavrdes yovelgvari dapirispireba,

agresiuli toniT saubari; ar unda gabatondes xunveibinuri stili, qveyanas

akademiuri toni da simSvide sWirdeba. igi acxadebs, rom is ar aris amxela

Zalauflebis mqone prezidentis institutis momxre; am Zalauflebas ver

gauZlo gamsaxurdiam, verc msoflio mniSvnelobis politikosad cnobilma

SevardnaZem gauZlo. gaprezidentebis SemTxvevaSi igi miznad isaxavs

zecentralizebuli sistemis dangrevas. (t/k “rusTavi-2”, t/k “iberia”, 15.12.2003)

yuradRebas SevaCerebT Temur SaSiaSvilTan dakavSirebul ramdenime

aqcentze: presaSi gaJRerda versia rom, SesaZloa, misi saarCevno kampania boris

berezovskim daafinansos da amasve ukavSirdebodes rusi oligarqis bolo

skandaluri viziti TbilisSi. (“axali epoqa”, 05.12.2003); Temur SaSiaSvilTan

137

kompromisi da saerTo enis gamonaxva aslan abaSiZes dasWirda imitom, rom

SaSiaSvilis meSveobiT daamarcxos aWaraSi mixeil saakaSvili; an kidev,

SaSiaSvilis meSveobiT mdgomareobidan gamovides da aWaraSi saarCevno ubnebis

gaxsnas mizezi mouZebnos; rom nino burjanaZis mamas SaSiaSvilTan

satelefono saubari hqonda da mas axlad Camosayalibebel mTavrobaSi sakmaod

maRali posti SesTavazes. (“axali versia”, 24.11.2003)

saprezidento arCevnebis paTosma _ “yvelani arCevnebze!” da

prezidentobis kandidatis faqtiurma ualternativobam, presas sabWoTa

periodis arCevnebi gaaxsena, xolo ukve arCevnebis winaswarma Sedegma (da _

saboloomac) gaaCina paraleli aseve ”absoluturi maCvenebliT” arCeul zviad

gamsaxurdiasa da eduard SevardnaZesTan. meore mxriv, presaSi ikveTeba amgvari

motivacia _ am maCvenebliT xalxis imedi, cvlilebis survili ganisazRvra;

amasTan, 96%-iani gamarjveba eleqtoratis ukanaskneli imedis gamoxatulebaa.

ras elodeba sazogadoeba prezidentisagan? am kiTxvaze yvelaze

kompaqtur pasuxs ayalibebs Jurnalisti da mediis eqsperti ia anTaZe. igi

ganixilavs sam fenas, romelic sxvadasxva Sedegs elis: pirveli (SesaZloa,

yvelaze mravalricxovani) _ 4 ianvris arCevnebisagan Tavisi ojaxis

keTildReobas elodeba; meore _ arCevnebs pirad keTildReobas ar ukavSirebs;

is xelisuflebis gundur pasuxismgeblobas da qarTuli saxelmwifos

Tanmimdevrul nabijebs moelis; mesame _ eWviT ekideba xelisuflebas da

miaCnia, rom arCevnebis mimarT molodini aRemateba dRevandeli liderebis

SesaZleblobebs. anu, es imas niSnavs, rom sazogadoebis erTi nawili

arCevnebisagan elodeba prezidentis gmirobas, meore nawili _ samTavrobo

gundis swor nabijebs, mesame nawili _ samoqalaqo monawileobiT

xelisuflebis legitimacias. ia anTaZe yuradRebas amaxvilebs im garemoebaze,

rom 4 ianvris arCevnebSi yvelaze cotaa im moqalaqeebis raodenoba, romelic

arCevnebisagan arafers elodeba da swored es aris axali xelisuflebis

axali pasuxismgebloba Tavisi qveynisa da xalxis winaSe. (84)

*

saprezidento da saparlamento arCevnebis mimarT partiuli speqtris

damokidebulebam gamokveTa misi revoluciisSemdgomi mdgomareoba _

daqsasuloba, dabneuloba da mkveTri poziciis arqona! cneba “opozicia”,

romelic revoluciamdel periodSic pirobiTi iyo, kidev ufro bundovani

gaxda. revoluciamdeli periodis opoziciis nominantebi _ “nacionalebi” da

“burjanaZe-demokratebi” saxelisuflebo partiad transformirdnen.

138

Sesabamisad, daiwyo gamoTavisuflebuli opoziciuri “niSis” aTvisebis

procesi. mokled ganvixilavT, presaSi asaxuli suraTis mixedviT, rogoria

politikuri speqtris axali konfiguracia.

revoluciis pirvel dReebSi presa yuradRebas amaxvilebda avanscenis

miRma darCenili politikuri Zalebis mxridan revanSisa da

“kontrrevoluciis” safrTxeze. am TvalsazrisiT mosalodneli iyo yofili

saxelisuflo blokis (“axali saqarTvelosaTvis”), “leiboristebis”,

“aRorZinebis”, “axali memarjveneebis” saprotesto ganwyobis gaZliereba _

Tundac, erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad, an saerToOZalisxmeviT. magram, presa

ufro politikuri Zalebis amorfulobasa da gaurkvevlobas gamokveTs, vidre

politikur procesebSi maTi logikuri monawileobis, an, minimum, sakuTari

funqciis gamarTlebisaTvis mzadyofnas.

yofil saxelisuflo bloks revoluciasTan dakavSirebiT erTiani

pozicia ar daufiqsirebia; saxelisuflo blokis mTavari subieqtis _

“moqkavSiris” liderma da eqssaxelmwifo ministrma avTandil jorbenaZem,

Tanamdebobidan gadadgomisas gakeTebul gancxadebaSi, moxerxebulad auara

gverdi partiul pasuxismgeblobas; mxolod is aRniSna, rom politikidan

wasvlas ar apirebs da mzad aris iTanamSromlos “yvela sufTa politikur

ZalasTan”. xolo ra bedi eweoda 1995 da 1999 wlis mowvevis parlamentebSi

hegemoniis mqone partias, darCeboda Tu ara, da ra formiT, politikur

scenaze, amis Taobaze presaSi ar gvxvdeba arc jorbenaZisa da arc

“moqkavSiris” romelime aqtiuri wevris gamokveTili pozicia. Tumc, Zveli

parlamentis yvela “moqkavSireli” deputati erTsulovnad Caeba

uflebamosileba gagrZelebuli parlamentis muSaobaSi da uproblemod misca

xma dRis wesrigSi dayenebul yvela sakiTxs. axali aliansis Seqmnis Taobaze

ganacxadi gaakeTes axalgazrda Taobis warmomadgenelma “moqkavSirelebma” _

irakli gogavam da zviad mukbanianma, magram ZiriTadad amiT Semoifargla maTi

aqtiuroba politikur da sainformacio sivrceSi.

blokis erT-erTi aqtiuri subieqtis _ socialisturi partiisa da misi

lideris vaxtang rCeuliSvilis transformacia amgvaria _ rCeuliSvilma

partiis saxeliT gancxadebebis gakeTebis ufleba, Semdgom ki _ partiac

irakli mindels gadaabara; Tavad ki politikidan wasvla da arasamTavrobo

seqtorSi “gadabargeba” gadawyvita (arCevnebamde darCaAparlamentis vice-

spikerad). “aliasTan” interviuSi igi acxadebs, rom situaciisgan garidebas

amjobinebs; baqo-jeihanisadmi miZRvnili monografiis daweras fiqrobs;

saprezidento arCevnebis boikots ar gegmavs da arc aravis mouwodebs amisken.

139

(“alia”, 13.12.2003) socialisturi partiis pozicias ki irakli mindeli

gamoxatavs, romelic acxadebs, rom Tu aWaris regioni arCevnebSi

monawileobaze uars ganacxadebs, “socialistebi” yvelafers gaakeTeben

imisTvis, rom 4 ianvris vadamdeli saprezidento arCevnebi CaiSalos.

(“rezonansi”, 05.12.2003)

saxelisuflo blokis spikeris, irina sariSvili-Wanturias CamoSoreba

edp-s liderobidan presaSi ZiriTadad Sefasebulia, rogorc iZulebiTi nabiji;

igi partiis mTavarma komitetma edp-s Tavmjdomaris movaleobidan gadaayena,

Tumc, darCa partiisa da komitetis wevrad. “Ramis mzeris” pirdapir eTerSi

sariSvilma aRniSna, rom zurab Jvania didi xania ibrZvis edp-s

dasakuTrebisTvis. (t\k “mze”, “Ramis mzera”, 16.12.2003) mediaSi gvxvdeba irina

sariSvilis gancxadeba mis mier “mesame Zalis” Camoyalibebis Taobaze, magram,

presis varaudiT, rogorc Cans, man veravin daiTanxma, verc baTumisagan miiRo

daxmareba da “mariotSi” gamarTul preskonferenciazec marto darCa.

“aRorZineba”, romelic 1999 wlis mowvevis parlamentSi “moqkavSiris”

Semdeg yvelaze met mandats flobda da Tavs WeSmarit opoziciad miiCnevda

(centrisa da regionis dapirispirebis fonze), ostaturad gadavida axali

xelisuflebis relsebze _ saarCevno ubnebis daxurvamde ori saaTiT adre

uari Tqva saprezidento arCevnebis boikotze da arc momavali saparlamento

arCevnebis vada da Catarebis pirobebi gauprotestebia; amdenad, presis

publikaciebSi “aRorZineba” opoziciis statusiT aRar ganixileba.

(saparlamento arCevnebSi gamanadgurebeli damarcxebis Semdeg ki “aRorZineba”

saerTod gaqra saqarTvelos politikuri scenidan).

presaSi gaCnda varaudi, rom momavali saparlamento arCevnebisaTvis

“axali memarjveneebi” da “mrewvelebi” (romlebic 2 noembris arCevnebisaTvis

gaerTianebaze ver SeTanxmdnen) erTobliv koalicias Seqmnian. “mrewvelebi”

vardebis revoluciis dros ar gamoCenilan, samagierod, parlamentis pirvelive

sxdomaze gamocxaddnen; mogvianebiT demarSis politika Secvales “axalma

memarjveneebmac”.

erTaderTi mkveTri pozicia leiboristebma gamoxates, maT boikoti

gamoucxades 1999 wlis mowvevis parlamentis Sekrebas da momaval arCevnebs;

Seqmnili viTarebidan gamosavlis mosaZebnad ki aucileblad miiCnies: “2

noembers arCeuli parlamentis dauyovnebliv Sekreba, Tavmjdomared

arapolitikuri ambiciebis mqone pirovnebis arCeva, konstituciuri kongresis

Seqmna zviad gamsaxurdias uzenaes sabWosTan erTad, axali konstituciisa da

saarCevno kodeqsis miReba da axali saparlamento da saprezidento arCevnebis

140

daniSvna.” (“xvalindeli dRe”, 26.11.2003) leiboristebis liderma, Salva

naTelaSvilma ganacxada, rom arCevnebis bedi ukve gadawyvetilia da mudam

Jvania-saakaSvilis winaaRmdegi iqneba. presaSi figurirebs mosazreba, rom

revoluciam leiboristebi Zalian daazarala. 2 noembris arCevnebis Semdeg

naTelaSvilis mier dakavebulma poziciam leiboristebs eleqtorati aSkarad

daakargvina.

ase rom, revoluciis momdevno dReebSi presaSi gaJRerebuli

“revanSistuli safrTxe”, isev presaSi asaxul suraTze dayrdnobiT, momdevno

dReebSi aRar figurirebs. gazeT “alias” daskvniT, “realurad revanSistebi

sakmaod sustebi da daqsaqsulebi arian”. (“alia”, 11.12.2003)

rac Seexeba gamarjvebuli opoziciis wiaRSi momxdar cvlilebebs, ar

gamarTlda ZiriTadi subieqtebis (“nacionaluri moZraoba”, “burjanaZe-

demokratebi”) gaTiSvis prognozi, magram 17-18 dekembris mediaSi oficialurad

gacxadda “tradicionalistebisa” da edp-s mier axali politikuri koaliciis

Camoyalibeba. mixeil saakaSvilis saprezidento kandidatad wamoyenebis

faqtisadmi “tradicionalistTa” lideris, akaki asaTianis mkveTrad uaryofiTi

damokidebulebis afiSireba Tavdapirvelad mediaSi gaJRerda, rogorc blok

“burjanaZe-demokratebis” rigebSi erTgvari ganxeTqilebis mauwyebeli; magram

maleve dafiqsirda is garemoebac, rom asaTianma es gadawyvetileba zurab

JvaniasTan SeTanxmebiT miiRo. am faqts “mTavari gazeTi” axali xelisuflebis

mier “opoziciis Ziebis” konteqstSi ganixilavs: “akaki asaTiani, SesaZloa,

memarjvene Zalebis gaerTianebas Caudges saTaveSi da axli koaliciis

CamoyalibebiT axal xelisuflebas seriozuli opozicia Seuqmnas. politikur

wreebSi imasac amboben, rom asaTianis opozicioneroba revolucioneri

liderebis mier Sedgenili programis nawilia da ara tradicionalistTa

TviTSemoqmedeba. am versiis mimdevarTa azriT, xelisuflebas, romelic jer

kidev ar aris legitimuri, bunebrivad gaZlierebuli opoziciis eSinia da

upiratesobas mis mier Seqmnils aniWebs.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 03.12.2003)

saxelmwifo ministri zurab Jvania miesalma koaliciis Seqmnas. misi

SefasebiT, bolo dros saqarTveloSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis Semdeg

mniSvnelovania gamoikveTos is Zalebi, romlebic saqarTvelos axal

xelisuflebas seriozul oponirebas gauwevs: “saqarTvelos xelisuflebas

urCevnia oponentebad iseTi adamianebi hyavdes, romlebTanac SesaZlebeli

iqneba kamaTic da davac, oRond _ Zlier qarTul saxelmwifoze orientirebul

principebze.” (“rezonansi”, 18.12.2004)

141

xom ar aris es zurab Jvanias mxardamWeri gaerTianeba mixeil

saakaSvilis winaaRmdeg? _ Jurnalist inga grigolias am SekiTxvas akaki

asaTianma ase upasuxa: Cven varT ukve axali xelisuflebis opozicia, me

mimaCnia, rom oponireba saWiroa. Cven vxedavT, ra Sedegi miiRo ruseTma,

faqtiurad iq gaimarjves: komunistebma, mofaSisto elementebma, e.w.

centristebma (romelic, sinamdvileSi, saxelisuflo partiaa). me vTvli, rom

CvenTan meti mzaobaa evropuli tipis politikuri urTierTobebis

CamoyalibebisaTvis; memarjveneoba saWiroa memarcxene speqtris

gawonasworebisaTvis. Cvens sazogadoebaSi aris moTxovna erTiani platformis,

erTiani xedvis centristuli Zalis Camoyalibebaze. (t/k “mze”, “Ramis mzera”,

15.12.2003)

axalSeqmnili koalicia memarjvene politikuri organizaciis statusiT

warsdga oficialur prezentaciaze da mTavar amocanad “qveyanaSi gamefebuli

socialisturi ideebis” winaaRmdeg brZola gamoacxada. akaki asaTiani amaSi

gulisxmobda mixeil saakaSvilis “nacionaluri moZraobis” winasaarCevno

dapirebebs gadasaxadebis gauqmebisa da xelfasebis gaormagebis Sesaxeb.

momdevno dReebSi maT “opoziciuri statusi” saprezidento arCevnebis

boikotiT gaimyares; akaki asaTianma saakaSvilis prezidentad arCevas “tomis

beladis arCeva” uwoda.

gazeTi “24 saaTi” erTgvari ironizebiT exmaureba koaliciis Seqmnis

faqts, mas “xelmocaruli politikosebis alianss” uwodebs, xolo akaki

asaTians _ “politikur don Juans”. (“24 saaTi”, 17.12.2003)

qarTul politikur speqtrSi siaxle iyo “vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg

Camoyalibebuli partia “Tavisufleba”, romelmac partiis lideris,

konstantine (koko) gamsaxurdias personiT miipyro yuradReba. presa aRniSnavda,

rom partiis wevrTa gvar-saxelebi cnobadobis TvalsazrisiT arafrismTqmelia,

samagierod, zviad gamsaxurdias vaJis gamoCena politikur asparezze

amomrCevlebSi Tavisebur sentimentalizms da “zviadisturi” eleqtoratis

xmebis mokrebas gamoiwvevs. presaSi gvxvdeba koko gamsaxurdias aRqma, rogorc

saqarTvelos “sulieri prezidentis”, rogorc “simbolos” da ara rogorc

“politikuri lideris”; rogorc momdevno saprezidento arCevnebis erT-erTi

“mTavari moqmedi gmiris”, romelic, SesaZloa, “soroselebis seriozul

konkurentad” Camoyalibdes da a.S. politologebis SefasebiT ki, man Camosvla

daagviana; igi saerTod ar monawileobda araferSi, emigraciidanac SeiZleboda

raRacis gamoxatva; mas ara aqvs raime mkafio mesiji; “24 saaTis”

142

presombudsmeni, nodar ladaria sarkastulad SeniSnavda, rom gamsaxurdias

arc saxeli aqvs sakuTari, arc gvari da arc garegnobao.

Tavad gamsaxurdia amocanad isaxavda xelisuflebis konstruqciuli

opoziciis rolis Sesrulebas, partiis prioritetad ki Tvlida

marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis dakanonebas, saarCevno platformad _

sakanonmdeblo vakuumis amovsebas, centrsa da regions Soris kompetenciebis

gamijvnas.

niSandoblivia, rom arCevnebis wina dRiT prezident saakaSvilis

“eqstremaluri Casvla samegrelos regionSi” presaSi dakavSirebulia swored

koko gamsaxurdias faqtorTan, romelmac “seriozuli konkurencia gauwia

mmarTvelebs da es ar SeiZleboda kancelariis yuradRebis centrSi ar

aRmoCeniliyo.” (“alia”, 30.03.2004) arCevnebSi “Tavisuflebis” mier miRweuli

Sedegi presaSi erTdroulad fasdeba, rogorc warmatebuli axalSeqmnili

partiisaTvis da rogorc warumatebeli. presisTvis micemul interviuebSi koko

gamsaxurdia xazgasmiT aRniSnavda, rom misi partia ar Camoyalibebula mxolod

saparlamento arCevnebSi monawileobisTvis; magram faqtia, rom man maSinve,

rogorc ki winaswari SedegebiT saTuo gaxda “Tavisuflebis” mier saarCevno

barieris gadalaxva, TiTqmis ukomentarod datova saqarTvelo da isev

SveicariaSi gaemgzavra, mamis _ zviad gamsaxurdias saiubileo saRamos

winadRiT.

faqtobrivad ualternativo saprezidento arCevnebis Semdgom, presaSi

gaCnda aqcenti momavali parlamentis erTpartiulobis saSiSroebaze. am

faqtorze ucxoeli eqspertebi da ucxouri mediac amaxvilebdnen yuradRebas.

radio “bi-bi-si“-s komentariT, “noembris revoluciis Sedegad opozicia

praqtikulad gaqra... arsebobs seriozuli saSiSroeba, rom momavali

parlamenti erTpartiuli iqneba... movlenebis amgvari ganviTareba seriozul

saSiSroebas qmnis. 85%-iT arCeuli prezidenti arc ise sasiamovnoa, magram

mainc mosaTmenia. ai, parlamenti, romelSic yvelafers erTi Zala wyvets _ es

ubralod Zalze saSiSia!” (radio “bi-bi-si“, “xvalindeli dRe”, 09.01.2004)

evrosabWos monitoringis jgufis xelmZRvaneli maTias iorSi acxadebs, rom

“Zlier xelisuflebas opoziciac Zlieri unda hyavdes.” (“dilis gazeTi”,

07.01.2004) presaSi, gvxvdeba informacia, rom aSS dainteresebulia saqarTveloSi

opoziciis arsebobiT da amisaTvis or milionamde Tanxas gamoyofs.

saparlamento arCevnebamde erTi TviT adre presis publikaciebSi

ikveTeba “revoluciuri sameulis” interesTa dapirispireba; Jurnalisturi

msjeloba imis Taobaze, rom _ “nino burjanaZes agdeben”, rom Jvaniasa da

143

saakaSvils ar surT burjanaZis gaZliereba da, mosalodnelia, igi

parlamentis Tavmjdomaredac aRar airCion _ SesaZloa, gazviadebad da

provokaciul aqcentad migveCnia, rom ara Tavad nino burjanaZis mier

Catarebuli preskonferenciis amsaxveli publikaciebi. presis komentarebiT,

burjanaZe pirvelia, vinc “liderTa Soris dadebuli SeTanxmebis darRvevisa”

da “kuluaruli SantaJis” Taobaze alaparakda: igi acxadebs, rom didi

pasuxismgebloba aqvs xalxis winaSe, ar unda qveynis interesi pirovnul

interesebs gadaayolos da amis gamo bevrjer wavida daTmobebze _ daTmo

sakonstitucio cvlilebebis dros, daTmo siebis dros; magram, misi moTmineba

aavso im faqtma, rom “burjanaZe-demokratebisTvis” gankuTvnili 40%-i ise

dakompleqtda, rom masSi aRmoCnda Jvanias 26 kandidati, burjanaZem ki 14

adamianis “gayvana” Zlivs SeZlo. saerTodac, burjanaZis TqmiT,

SeTanxmebisamebr, parlamentSi misi azri unda yofiliyo dominanturi, zurab

Jvanias aRmasrulebel xelisuflebaze unda gaekeTebina ufro meti fokusireba,

man xom, faqtobrivad marTlac daakompleqta mTavrobis ZiriTadi nawili.

ganawyenebis miuxedavad, burjanaZeExelaxla gaopozicionerobaze ar

laparakobs, samagierod, am Temas aqtiurad aviTareben Jurnalistebi.

siebis sababiT mkveTrad dapirispirebul Jvania-berZeniSvils kompromisze

wasvla mouxdaT. rogorc presa aRniSnavs, maTi ganxeTqilebis mizezi aWaraze

gadamwyveti zegavlenis mopoveba da am regionSi xelisuflebis sadaveebis

xelSi Cagdebaa. daviT berZeniSvils, SesaZloa, arc moexada bodiSi zurab

JvaniasTvis, magram sxvanairad mas SeeZlo koba daviTaSvilis bedi gaeziarebina.

axla politikaSi axali wesrigi myardeba _ an miiReb am wesebs, an

bankroti xdebi. jerjerobiT, saakaSvilsa da Jvanias erTmaneTi Zalian

sWirdebaT, amitomac am did politikur interess nebismieri SeiZleba Seewiros,

_ ase lagdeba, saboloo jamSi, presis aqcentebi.

martSi, rogorc presa aRniSnavs, dasrulda nebayoflobiTi samTviani

moratoriumi axali xelisuflebis kritikaze (romelic televiziaSi ufro

sagrZnobi iyo, vidre gazeTebSi); presaSi fiqsirdeba sakmaod mwvave

mosazrebebi, imis Taobaze, rom, faqtobrivad, partia da beladi erTi da igivea,

winasaarCevnod darigebul gazeTsac ki “saakaSvili” hqvia. (“alia”, 23.03.2004);

saakaSvilis politikis naklad miiCneva, rom noembris arCevnebisagan

gansxvavebiT, martSi mTeli saarCevno kampania mxolod mis garSemo datrialda.

(“axali versia”, 29.03.2004); rom “nacionaluri moZraobis” xelisuflebaSi

mosasvlelad naxevari saqarTvelo ibrZoda... da dRes am principiT moqmedeben

_ arcerTi aranacionali Cvens gverdiT!” (“rezonansi”, 22.03.2004) da a.S.

144

rac Seexeba saparlamento arCevnebis Sefasebas presaSi, moviSveliebT

erTgvar mini-daijests:

evropelma damkvireblebma arCevnebi evropul standartebTan

miaxloebulad Seafases; evrosabWos saparlamento asambleis

delegaciis xelmZRvanelma maTias iorSma mas qarTuli paradoqsi

uwoda, radgan arCevnebi, erTis mxriv, imedismomcemia, Sedegi

(erTpartiuli parlamenti) ki _ damafiqrebeli. (“dilis gazeTi”,

30.03.2004)

“didi wmenda qarTul politikur landSaftze _ misi saboloo

gaTavisufleba warsulis aCrdilebisa da narCenebisagan”. (“24 saaTi”,

29.03.2004)

“opozicia mosaxleobis vendetas Seewira”; 28 marti _ axali aTvlis

wertili qarTul politikaSi, modis axali politikuri speqtri.

(“mTavari gazeTi”, 30.03.2004)

opozicia wagebulia imiT, rom liders ver irCevs; sanam lideri ar

eyoleba, igi ver gaxdeba xelisuflebis Tavis tkivili; sadac

saakaSvili-Jvanias gundia _ opoziciaSi Tu xelisuflebaSi, is mxarea

Zlieri. (“alia”, 30.03.2004)

koba daviTaSvili, parlamentari: demokratiulma revoluciam moitana

es antidemokratiuli situacia da Cven miviReT raRac saSualo

ruseTsa da TurqmeneTs Soris. (“rezonansi”, 30.03.2004)

lela iakobiSvili, kulturologi: CemTvis katastrofaa, roca 95

procenti mosaxleobisa erTnairad fiqrobs... eiforiam, rom maRali

procentebiT aris arCeuli, daRupa “moqalaqeTa kavSiric” da

zviadistebic. (“dilis gazeTi”, 29.03.2004)

arsebuli prognozebis sapirispirod, saxelisuflebo sameulma SesZlo

Tanxmobis SenarCuneba. Tumc, presaSi vxvdebiT mosazrebebs, rom iseve rogorc

saparlamento siebis SemTxvevaSi, amjerad, SesaZloa, maT Soris uTanxmoebis

sababad iqces saparlamento komitetebis gadanawilebis sakiTxi; miT ufro, rom

arsebobs e.w. prestiJuli da araprestiJuli komitetebi. bolo wlebSi

prestiJuli komitetebis umravlesobas Jvanias gundi akontrolebda.

145

arCevnebi postrevoluciur aWaraSi

“vardebis revoluciis” Semdgomi periodis presaSi intensiurad

viTardeboda mosazreba, rom aWaraSi gavlenis mopovebisTvis konkurencia

“ganxeTqilebis vaSlad” iqceoda “nacionalur moZraobasa” da

“respublikelebs” Soris da, Sesabamisad, gaxdeboda saxelisuflebo

umravlesobis rRvevis dawyebis sababi. miuxedavad imisa, rom arCevnebSi

monawile partiebi TiTqmis Seguebulni iyvnen damarcxebas da saarCevno

kampaniasac ar awarmoebdnen, “respublikuri partiis” lideri daviT

berZeniSvili amtkicebda, rom Rirseul konkurencias gauwevda “nacionalebs”.

winasaarCevno periodSi “respublikelebi” aqtiurad cdilobdnen xazgasmas,

rom isini warmoadgenen erTaderT partias, romelic wlebis manZilze

Tanmimdevrulad ebrZoda aWaraSi “aRorZinebasa” da aslan abaSiZes. “maT

Rirseulad atares reJimisagan Tavisufali aWaris idea”, _ werda gazeTi

“axali 7 dRe”. (“axali 7 dRe”, 18.06.2004)

presaSi figurirebs mosazreba, rom aWaris amomrCevelma ar icis ras

irCevs, radgan saqarTvelos parlamentma arCevnebamde ver moaswro aWaris

statusTan dakavSirebuli sakonstitucio cvlilebis proeqtis miReba. yvelaze

radikaluri SefasebiT, arCevnebi ukanonoa, radgan irCeven organos, romlis

uflebamosileba jer dadgenili ar aris. paralelurad, vxvdebiT amgvar

mosazrebasac _ mTavaria, rom aWaraSi sakanonmdeblo organos irCeven da ar

niSnaven.

parlamentSi aWaris statusisa da arCevnebis Taobaze seriozul

ukmayofilebas ZiriTadad fraqcia “memarjvene opozicia” afiqsirebda (Tu ar

CavTvliT personalurad koba daviTaSvilisa da zviad ZiZiguris opoziciur

aqtiurobas). daviT gamyreliZe acxadebda, rom 20 ivnisis arCevnebiT

praqtikulad gaformda xelisuflebis survili da legitimuroba gadaeca

saxelmwifo sabWos (levan varSalomiZis xelmZRvanelobiT), romelic

arCevnebamde regionSi droebiT funqcias asrulebda.

parlamentis Tavmjdomare nino burjanaZe politikur Secdomas uwodebs

aWaris umaRlesi sabWos arCevnebSi “respublikelebis” damoukideblad

monawileobas, radgan aWaraSi demokratiis dasamyareblad “nacionalebi” da

“respublikelebi” erTad ibrZodnen da es erToba unda SenarCunebuliyo.

saparlamento umravlesobidan “respublikelebis” winaaRmdeg yvelaze mkveTrad

nodar grigalaSvilma gailaSqra: “politikuri ambiciebis gamo berZeniSvilma

da misma Tanamoazreebma aWaraSi meore politikuri centris Seqmna scades...

146

saxelmwifoSi ramdenime centris Seqmna aris boroteba, romelic qveyanas

cudad Semoubrundeba.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 22.06.2004 )

aWaris arCevnebis Sedegi gaxda mizezi imisa, rom “respublikelTa” 6-

kaciani Semadgenlobidan oTxma datova saparlamento umravlesobis rigebi

(levan berZeniSvilma _ komitetis Tavmjdomaris postic). “respublikelebs”

Tavis Wkuaze veravin gvatarebs, demokratiuli sivrcis SezRudvas yovelTvis

SevewinaaRmdegebiT; minda viqonio imedi, rom rac aWaraSi moxda mxolod da

mxolod dabali rangis axali nomenklaturis iniciativa iyo, _ aRniSnavda

arCevnebis Sedegis komentirebisas “respublikeli” ivliane xaindrava. (“kviris

palitra”, 28.06.2004)

arCevnebis Sedegebis Sefasebisas presaSi vxvdebiT mosazrebas, rom es iyo

pirveli demokratiuli arCevnebi aWaraSi (“mTavar gazeTs” es Sefaseba

sapirvelgverdo anSlagSi aqvs mocemuli: “pirveli demokratiuli arCevnebi

abaSiZis Semdeg”); amasTan, publikaciebis saTaurebSive ikveTeba kritikuli

paTosi: “aWaruli arCevnebi cema-tyepisa da nacionalebisa da respublikelebis

dapirispirebis fonze”, “riT hgavs nacionaluri moZraoba moqalaqeTa kavSirs?”

(“rezonansi”, 21.06.2004); “aWara: arCevnebi cema-tyepis TanxlebiT” (“axali Taoba”,

21.06.2004); “arCevnebis Sedegebi politikur daZabulobas gazrdis” (“dilis

gazeTi”, 21.06.2004); “Zirs aslani, maRla miSa!” (“axali versia”, 21.06.2004);

“nacionalebma gadaamlaSes” (“xvalindeli dRe”, 22.06.2004).

presaSi figurirebs piradad mixeil saakaSvilis faqtori arCevnebSi

“nacionaluri moZraobis” TiTqmis erTpirovnul gamarjvebaSi (Tu ar CavTvliT

“respublikelebis” mier mopovebul or adgils); erTis mxriv, mxedvelobaSi

gvaqvs am tipis Sefasebebi:

“aWaris mosaxleobis mTavari orientiri, partiul siaSi Seyvanil Tu

maJoritar kandidatebze metad, saqarTvelos prezidenti iyo, romlis mimarT

siyvaruli aWaraSi gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba.” (“24 saaTi”, 21.06.2004); “aWaram

prezidentis xaTriT misca xma” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 01.07.2004) politologi soso

cincaZe: “dRes mixeil saakaSvili imdenad popularulia, rom mis winaaRmdeg

wasvla xarakirs niSnavs. visac ar unda gaemarjva, saakaSvilis kursis

gamtarebeli iqneboda, radgan mosaxleoba dRes sasikeTod mxolod am gzas

miiCnevs.” (“saqarTvelos respublika”, 23.06.2004)

meore mxriv, presaSi yuradReba maxvildeba winasaarCevno kampaniaSi

prezidentis pirad aqtiurobaze, zogadad im faqtze, rom xelisuflebis

maRalCinosnebi arCevnebSi monawileobdnen rogorc mxareebi. ”rezonansis”

politikuri mimomxilveli mianiSnebs safrTxeze, rom “nacionaluri moZraoba”,

147

SesaZloa, male “moqalaqeTa kavSirs” daemsgavsos; rom zviad gamsaxurdia

Tavis droze iseTive medroveebma daRupes, rogorebic amJamadac mravlad arian

mmarTvel partiaSi. (“rezonansi”, 21.06.2004)

“abaSiZis diqtaturis gadmonaSTebTan brZolaSi aWaris axalma

xelisuflebam uneblied Tavad SeiZina axali koleqtiuri diqtatoris saxe.

aWaris mosaxleoba ra SiSiTa da mowiwebiTac saubrobda abaSiZis

xelisuflebaze, imave mowiwebiT da moridebiT saubrobs axal xelisuflebaze.

rogorc ver bedavdnen gaeprotestebinaT Zveli xelisuflebis ukanonobebi,

aseve, Tvals xuWaven axal ukanonobebze, ris gamoc, SesakrebTa gadanacvlebiT

jami ar Secvlila.” (axali Taoba, 21.06.2004)

“erTaderTi adamiani, romelic aWaruli mmarTvelebidan sazogadoebaSi

simpatiebs iwvevs, levan varSalomiZea _ naklebi saubriTa da meti saqmis

keTebiT gamorCeuli adamiani.” (“rezonansi”, 21.06.2004)

parlamentar koba daviTaSvils, romelic winasaarCevno periodSi

xelmowerebs agrovebda aWaris avtonomiis gauqmebis Taobaze plebiscitis

CatarebisTvis, aWaris TviTmmarTvelobam problemebi Seuqmna. parlamentis mier

miRebul sakonstitucio cvlilebas aWaris statusTan dakavSirebiT,

daviTaSvilma “iuridiuli kretinizmi” uwoda da ganacxada, rom kvlav

gaagrZelebs xelmowerebis Segrovebas aWaris avtonomiis gauqmebis Tobaze.

(“axali Taoba”, 30.06.2004)

aWaruli arCevnebis erTgvari reziume SeiZleba isev presis SefasebiT

CamovayaliboT: aWaraSi mosaxleobam prezidents dauWira mxari da sanacvlod

xelisuflebisagan mxolod imas iTxovs, rom axali aslan abaSiZe da

“aRorZineba” ar miiRos. (“mTavari gazeTi”, 01.07.2004)

148

Tavi V

“vardebis revolucia” da postrevoluciuri periodi

am Tavis saxelwodeba erTgvarad pirobiTia, ramdenadac cneba “vardebis

revolucia” ar gamoxatavs mxolod 2003 wlis 23 noembers momxdar movlenas.

mas SleifiviT mosdevs Semdgomi procesebi, romelTa aTvlis wertilad

swored “vardebis revolucia” iTvleba da romlebic, pirdapir Tu iribad, am

cnebaSi erTiandeba.

“2003 wlis noemberSi saqarTvelos xelisufleba Seicvala mSvidobiani,

magram arakonstituciuri gziT... xelisuflebis Secvlis es epizodi “vardebis

revoluciis” saxeliT Sevida istoriaSi, saqarTvelos mosaxleobisa da

saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis udidesma nawilma “vardebis revolucia”

CaTvala mniSvnelovan niSansvetad, romelic saqarTvelos demokratiuli

Rirebulebebisaken Sebrunebas moaswavebda”, _ ase Seafasa “vardebis

revolucia” mesame seqtoris cnobilma warmomadgenelma, politologma gia

nodiam saangariSo naSromSi “samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTareba

saqarTveloSi: miRwevebi da gamowvevebi”. (56, 17)

“vardebis revolucia”, rogorc mis Semdgom ganvlilma periodma aCvena,

maSindeli Tu Semdgomi Sefasebebis urTierTgamomricxaobis miuxedavad, iyo

kargad damuSavebuli teqnologiuri sqemis mixedviT ganviTarebuli procesi,

romelSic moxda erTdroulad ramdenime arsebiTi faqtoris fokusireba _

postsabWoTa mmarTvelobis Secvla, personalurad SevardnaZis mimarT

dagrovili negatiuri energiis ganmuxtva, dasavlur interesze orientirebuli

ara mxolod xelisuflebis, aramed sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis mcdeloba da,

rac mTavaria, postsabWoTa sivrceSi, demokratiuli ganviTarebis kalapotSi

qveynis da sazogadoebis mSvidobiani gadasvlis modelis realobad qceva;

regionSi saqarTvelos saxiT dasavluri forpostis dafuZneba.

marTalia, “vardebis revolucia” qarTveli xalxis arnaxuli

mobilizebiT, SevardnaZis xelisuflebis Secvlis gardauvali surviliTa da

korufciis aRmofxvris amaRlebuli suliskveTebiT warimarTa; magram

TandaTan, igive presis meSveobiT, mkafiod gamoikveTa suraTi, rom es iyo

Tanamedrove msoflios globaluri procesebis kanonzomieri ganviTarebis

Sesabamisad dasaxuli modeli, romlis gansaxorcieleblad saqarTvelos

SerCeva SemTxveviTi ar yofila.

149

“21-e saukunes Tavisi moTxovnebi aqvs da Tavisi tempi. masdemokratiis

procesma _ demokratiis masobrivi variantis eqsportis da misi globaluri

damkvidrebis procesma _ mTeli planeta unda moiaros, raTa harmonizdes

Tavisufali da araTavisufali samyaro da sayovelTao usafrTxoeba

dasadgurdes”, _ wers apolon silagaZe gazeT “24 saaTSi” gamoqveynebul

publikaciaSi, romelSic uaRresad sainteresod da kompaqturadaa

Camoyalibebuli ara mxolod am procesisa da “samodelo qveynad” saqarTvelos

arCevis kanonzomiereba, aramed is kriteriumebi, riTac “sastarto qveyana”

ganisazRvra; gaanalizebulia mogebisa da wagebis balansi, revoluciis

Semdgom etapze warmoqmnili winaaRmdegoba qveynis sagareo da saSinao

prioritetebs, globalur da lokalur amocanebs Soris; revoluciis

gadarCenis, revoluciis warmatebisa da misi Semdgomi periodis aRmSeneblobis

(da ara ngrevis) unisonSi mosvlis aucilebloba:

“Cven aRmovCndiT procesebis avangardSi... revolucia rom ar yofiliyo,

Cven ara ubralod pasiuri, aramed urolo monawile viqnebodiT ganviTarebis

globaluri procesebisa... Cven ar gveqneboda is saerTaSoriso avtoriteti,

romelic bevrad aRemateba im SesaZleblobebs, rasac Cveni farTobi da

mosaxleobis raodenoba gansazRvravs. Cven ar gveqneboda saerTaSoriso

funqcia, romlis qonis Sansi mcire erebs advilad ar eZlevaT.” (65)

swored am rolma ganapiroba “arSemdgaridan” “sanimuSomde” saqarTvelos

saxelmwifos imijis transformireba da pozicionireba qveynis gareT

(upirvelesad da warmatebulad) da sakuTriv saqarTveloSi (naklebi

warmatebiT).

“vardebis revoluciasTan” mimarTebaSi, ara mxolod imdroindel mediaSi,

aramed, mogvianebiT gamoqveynebul publikaciebsa Tu naSromebSi, ikveTeba

saerTo Tvalsazrisi, rom yvela SesaZlo mizez-Sedegis miuxedavad, mTavari

faqtori iyo cvlilebebis rwmena da molodini. am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa

filosofos zaza firaliSvilis mier 2003 wlis Semodgomaze ganviTarebuli

procesebis gaazreba “qarTuli politikis Teatralur dialeqtikaSi”: “wminda

kulturologiuri azriT mniSvneloba ara aqvs, Tu vin da ra mizniT dadga

maradi ganaxlebis politikuri speqtakli, an, saerTod, dadga Tu ara. zustad

aseve, mniSvneloba ara aqvs, am revoluciur karnavals raime realuri Sedegi

mohyva Tu ara. mTavari is aris, rom Cvens adamianebSi, miuxedavad ganvlili

aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi gadatanili tragediebisa, imedgacruebebisa,

teritoriebis dakargvisa, miuxedavad politikosebis sruliad ukeTuri

mcdelobebisa, Tavisi miznebisaTvis gamoeyenebinaT maTi gulubryvilo da miT

150

ufro Zlieri rwmena, rom amqveynad raime mainc SeiZleba saikeTod Seicvalos,

adamianebs ar daukargavT is infantiluri idealizmi, romlis gareSec

SeuZlebelia amqveynad arseboba.” (71, 186-187)

zaza firaliSvilis azriT, “ganaxlebis am faruli molodinis

simbolizeba” ikisra “mesame politikurma istebliSmentma”, ubralo adamianebma

ki mas iseve gamoucxades ndoba, rogorc Tavis droze wina ors _ zviad

gamsaxurdiasa da eduard SevardnaZis politikur istebliSmentebs

ucxadebdnen. (71, 186-187)

disertaciis wina TavebSi mocemuli 2000-2003 wlebis periodis

mediasuraTi gviCvenebs, rogor emzadeboda postSevardnaZistuli periodisTvis

axali politikuri Taoba, rogor moamzades niadagi SevardnaZis epoqidan

postepoqaSi “xaverdovani” gadasvlisTvis arasamTavrobo organizaciebma da

mediam; zemoT yuradReba SevaCereT imazec, ra faqtorebma ganapiroba

saqarTvelos adekvaturoba axali msoflio wesrigis dramaturgiaSi Tundac

erTi mokrZalebuli rolis Sesasruleblad.

amasTan, Tu postsabWoTa periodidan (gansakuTrebiT ki 90-iani wlebis

Suaxanebidan) dRemde saqarTvelos mier rTuli kataklizmebiT gamovlil gzas

da mediaSi mis asaxvas gonebis TvaliT erT fokusSi movaqcevT, SegviZlia

vTqvaT, rom “vardebis revoluciis” mosamzadebeli samuSao Cveni qveynis

yofierebisa da cnobierebis TiTqmis yvela ganStoebas moicavda. (SesaZloa,

erT-erTi ucxouri organizaciis mier grantis gamoyofa “xmiT natirlebis”

Sesaswavlad, pirdapir Tu iribad amave mizans _ Cveni eTnofsiqikis niuansebSi

wvdomasac emsaxureboda).

Tu ufro Sors wavalT, aRmoCndeba, rom Tundac sainformacio omi (da

ara mxolod!), romelsac rusuli media axorcielebda (rezonansulad _

qarTulic!) saqarTveloSi destabilizaciuri procesebis inicirebisTvis,

saqarTvelos, rogorc “arSemdgari qveynis” imijis Seqmnisa da

damkvidrebisTvis, saboloo jamSi, saTanado fons uqmnida sazogadoebis

ganwyobis mimarTvas radikaluri cvlilebisTvis motivaciis Sesaqmnelad. es

faqtori rom erT-erTi ganmsazRvreli iyo “vardebis revoluciis”

ganxorcielebisTvis, amis faqtobrivi masala, SeZlebisdagvarad, winamdebare

sadisertacio naSromSic aris mocemuli.

“vardebis revolucia” rom strategiuli teqnologiebis Tanamedrove

standartebiT ganxorcielebuli procesi iyo, es, ra Tqma unda, Cveni saavtoro

mosazreba ar aris. miuxedavad imisa, rom am Temaze Tundac presaSi araerTi

publikacia gamoqveynda da araerTi naSromis yuradRebis centrSi moeqca,

151

vfiqrobT, am procesis Seswavla da gaanalizeba Sesabamisi dargebis

specialistTa fundamentur kvlevas imsaxurebs.

telemediisa da, saerTod, masobrivi komunikaciis mkvlevari eldar iberi,

naSromSi “televizia da xelisufleba (“vardebis revoluciis” gakveTilebi)”,

“vardebis revoluciis” “mediareJisuris” Teoriuli aspeqtebis fonze,

restrospeqtiulad aRadgens am procesis ganviTarebas “virtualur

realobaSi”. Sesabamisad, misi daskvnebi sayuradReboa ara mxolod televiziis

rolis kvlevis TvalsazrisiT. e.iberis SefasebiT, “Tavisi geopolitikuri

mdgomareobis gamo qveyana msoflios zesaxelmwifoebis faruli dapiripirebis

(Tu morigebis) obieqtad iqca, rac udides gavlenas axdens aq mimdinare yvela

socialur-politikur Tu ekonomikur movlenaze. politikuri procesebi

ZiriTadad finansdeba da imarTeba garedan. garedan Semodis masobrivi

cnobierebiT manipulirebis uaxlesi politikuri teqnologiebi da warmatebiT

xorcieldeba qarTul realobaSi.” (28, 38)

zemoTmoxmobil a.silagaZis statiaSi “vardebis revolucia” ganxilulia,

rogorc “ganviTarebis globaluri procesebSi” saqarTvelos CarTvis

saukeTeso saSualeba; e.iberi politikuri procesebis “garedan marTvaze”

akeTebs aqcents. am TvalsazrisiT sayuradReboa jaba devdarianis narkvevi

“saerTaSoriso daxmarebis gavlena saqarTveloze” (romelic Sesrulebulia

saqarTveloSi demokratiuli mSeneblobis ZiriTadi tendenciebis Semajamebeli

saeqsperto proeqtis farglebSi da asaxavs ara mxolod avtoris, aramed,

eqspertebisa da praqtikosebis Sejerebul Tvalsazriss). “ganviTarebisa da

demokratiis daxmarebis Tanamedrove kritika or ZiriTad arguments eyrdnoba.

pirvelis mixedviT, ganviTarebis daxmareba koloniuri azrovnebis gagrZelebaa;

misi mizani _ “dasavluri demokratiis” magaliTis “ganuviTarebel” samyaroSi

gadatana, rac kaTolikur-protestantuli Rirebulebebisa da procesebis brmad

gadmoRebas emyareba. zogierTi mkvlevaris azriT, radgan ganviTarebisa (da

demokratiis) daxmareba kolonialuri azrovnebis gadmonaSTia, is emsaxureba

nacionaluri elitis daTrgunvas dasavluri dominionebis mier. es argumenti,

romelic Zalian waagavs damokidebulebis Teorias, dReisaTvis

antiglobalisturi logikis mniSvnelovani nawilia. daxmarebis zedmeti

“prodasavlurobis” Sesaxeb saqarTvelos radikalur politikur da

sazogadoebriv wreebSic xSirad saubroben.” (18, 31-32)

daxmarebis kritikis meore forma, _ aRniSnavs j.devdariani, _ swored

daxmarebis programebis ganxorcielebis gamocdilebis mqone

profesionalebisagan modis. maTi azriT, “donorebs uyvarT ama Tu im qveyanaSi

152

arsebuli realobis xelovnurad moqceva maTTvis misaReb CarCoebSi da ar

ZaluZT an ar surT qveynis Sida politikaze TavianTi programebis gavlenis

kritikuli Sefaseba.” (18, 32)

marTalia, proeqti “demokratiis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi” moicavs 2003

wlamde periods, magram, rogorc aRvniSneT, “vardebis revolucia” ar yofila

spontanuri aqti da ganviTarebisa da demokratiis daxmarebis xarisxma

saqarTveloSi arsebiTad gansazRvra misi Sedegebi. amasTan, jaba devdarianis

narkvevSi mocemuli Sefasebebi da daskvnebi erTgvari gasaRebia im

urTierTgamomricxavi Tvalsazrisebisa (da realuri Sedegebisac), romlebic

“vardebis revoluciis” garSemo viTardeboda da dRemde viTardeba.

dasavluri dominionebis mier nacionaluri elitis daTrgunva, anu

“kolonialuri azrovnebis gadmonaSTi”, razec j.devdariani amaxvilebs

yuradRebas, SesaZloa, iyos gamoZaxili cnobili amerikeli politologis

semuel hanTingTonis TvalTaxedvisa (misi 1996 wels gamoqveynebuli naSromi

“civilizaciaTa Sejaxeba” gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri gaxda 11 seqtembris

teraqtis Semdeg). hanTingToni miiCnevs, rom:L dasavleTi unikaluria da ara

universaluri; universalizmis logikuri Sedegia imperializmi; dadga dro,

dasavleTi gaTavisufldes universalizmis iluziisagan; rwmena dasavluri

unikalurobis Sesaxeb ara mxolod mcdari da amoraluria, aramed saSiSic;

modernizacia da ganviTareba arc moiTxovs da arc unda ganapirobebdes

vesternizacias (piriqiT, igi unda iwvevdes adgilobriv kulturaTa

aRorZinebas); dasavleTis liderebis umTavresi pasuxismgebloba ara sxva

civilizaciaTa dasavluri gardaqmna, aramed dasavluri civilizaciis

unikaluri niSnebis dacva da ganaxlebaa. es pasuxismgebloba, pirvel rigSi,

ekisreba yvelaze Zlier dasavlur qveyanas _ aSS-s; saxelmwifo moRvaweebs

mxolod maSin SeuZliaT nayofierad Secvalon realoba, roca aRiareben mas da

kargad esmiT igi; amerikuli elita uaRresad nela aRiqvams Seqmnil

realobebs; buSisa (buSi ufrosis, – l.k.) da klintonis administraciebi mxars

uWerdnen multicivilizaciuri integraciis gegmebs, romlebic an ugunuri iyo,

an iwvevda gauTvaliswinebel ekonomikur da politikur Sedegebs... (78)

milton fridmani (romlis wigni _ “kapitalizmi da Tavisufleba”, XX

saukunis 50-ian wlebSi Seqmnili, dRemde liberaluri msoflmxedvelobis

klasikur naSromad iTvleba) saerTaSoriso zeerovnuli monopoliebis

diqtaturas iseTive safrTxed Tvlis TavisuflebisTvis, rogorc saxelmwifo

diqtaturas. liberalizmi ebrZvis Tavisuflebis yovelgvar SezRudvas _

saxelmwifoebrivs, korporaciulsa Tu zeerovnuls. zeerovnuli diqtatis

153

pirobebSi, marTalia, sityvis, sindisisa da saqmianobis pirobiTi Tavisufleba

daculia, magram mxolod garkveul farglebSi, garkveul zRvramde, romlis

gadalaxvis mcdeloba adamianebisTvis did riskTan aris dakavSirebuli.

kapitalis centrebSi _ saerTaSoriso korporaciebSi uzomo Zalauflebaa

koncentrirebuli. maT mier yvela saSualeba gamoiyeneba sazogadoebis

manipulirebisTvis. isini floben masobriv sainformacio saSualebebs, maT

gavlena aqvT sasamarTloebsa da saxelmwifo dawesebulebebze, bazrebze ki maT

gareSe araferi xdeba... (72)

winamdebare sadisertacio naSromis bolo qveTavSi (“saqarTveloSi jorj

buSis vizitis rezonansi presaSi”) vnaxavT, rom TbilisSi vizitisas aSS-is

prezidentis, jorj buSis mier warmoTqmuli sityvebis mTavari sakvanZo sityva

“Tavisuflebaa”.

zemoTganxiluli Tvalsazrisebi SemTxveviT ar dagvikavSirebia “vardebis

revoluciasTan”. misi winare da Semdgomi movlenebi cxadyofs, rom

demokratiis, liberalizmisa da Tavisuflebis “eqsporti” SesaZloa

warmatebuli iyos im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebas

gacnobierebuli aqvs ara mxolod misi SesaZlo Sedegebi (pozitiurica da

negatiuric), aramed am procesebis kanonzomiereba da Sesabamisi moqmedebis

amplituda _ moqceuli maT gardauvalobasa da Cvens SesaZleblobas Soris.

Tundac presis magaliTi cxadyofs, rom gamonaklisis saxiT procesebis

amgvari aRqma gvxvdeba, magram umeteswilad maTi Tanmdevi problemebi

aRiwereba zereled da martivad _ “globalizaciis”, “masonebis”, “sorosis”,

“Savi piaris” da a.S. xsenebiT, an “mtris xatis” SeqmniT.

*

23 noembers “vardebis revoluciiT” dasrulebuli procesis gaanalizeba

presaSi mravalmxrivi da, xSir SemTxvevaSi, urTierTgamomricxavi

SefasebebiTaa mocemuli; vecdebiT, SeZlebisdagvarad, garkveuli logikiT

davalagoT ZiriTadi aqcentebi.

pirvel yovlisa, albaT unda gamovkveToT is obieqtur-subieqturi

mizezebi, romlebic safuZvlad daedo revolucias. rac Seexeba sababs, is jer

kidev arCevnebamde karga xniT adre iyo gansazRvruli _ arCevnebis gayalbeba

xelisuflebis mier, amomrCevlis samoqalaqo uflebebis Selaxva.

mediaSi Seqmnili suraTiT ikveTeba mTavari mizezi, romelic revoluciis

qvakuTxedi gaxda _ eduard SevardnaZis mimarT lamis paTologiuri

siZulvili, rwmena da imedi, rom Tundac saxelisuflo sivrcidan misi

154

moSorebis faqti ukve sasikeTo movlena iqneboda qveynisTvis. am mizezma erT

fokusSi mouyara Tavi yvela faqtors _ socialurs, politikursa Tu

pirovnuls.

revoluciis meore dResve presaSi, erTis mxriv, gamoikveTa suliskveTeba,

rom gamarjvebulebs ar asamarTleben; meores mxriv, im dResve daiwyo

msjeloba xelisuflebis Secvlis procesis samarTlebriv aspeqtebze.

mainc ra SeiZleba ewodos 23 noembris movlenebs?

deklarirebulad, es iyo xaverdovani, usisxlo revolucia:

“vardebis revolucia” (“24 saaTi”, 24.11.2003); “vardebiani, usisxlo da ueklo

revolucia”, “xaverdovani revolucia”, “mSvidobiani revolucia” (“rezonansi”,

24.11.2003); “revolucia usisxlod” (“axali versia”, 24.11.2003); “vardebis

revolucia” ueklod” (“kviris palitra”, 24.11.2003); “kulturuli revolucia”

(“mTavari gazeTi”, 24.11.2003)

sayuradReboa axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis prezidentis Tina

xidaSelis formulireba: “imas, rac dRes moxda, iuridiul da yvela enaze

hqvia usisxlo revolucia.” (“rezonansi”, 24.11.2003)

presaSi aranaklebi intensiobiT figurirebs aqcenti, rom am procesebs

“xaverdovnebis” gansazRvreba ar miesadageba; es ufro gadatrialeba, anu

xelisuflebis ZaliT Secvla iyo: gazeTi “jorjian Taimsi” am process

saxelmwifo gadatrialebas uwodebs da aqcents akeTebs aSS-is saxelmwifo

departamentis somxuri lobis dafinansebaze, romlis mizania kavkasiaSi

somxeTis qceva mesamexarisxovani saxelmwifodan pirvelxarisxovnad. (27.11.2003).

momdevno dReebSi amave gazeTSi Cndeba formulireba _ samxedro gadatrialeba,

romelSic aqtiurad monawileobda uSiSroebis iatakqveSa razmi. (“jorjian

Taimsi”, 04.12.2003). gazeTis amave nomerSi piarteqnologi dimitri moniava

acxadebs, rom axali xelisufleba, jerjerobiT, ufro virtualuria, vidre

“realuri”, an “faqtobrivi”. (“jorjian Taimsi”, 04.12.2003) saxelmwifo

gadatrialeba, romelsac uamravi iuridiuli darRvevis gasamarTleblad

“revolucia” ewoda, _ aseT mosazrebas vxvdebiT gazeT “axal TaobaSi”. (“axali

Taoba”, 06.12.2003)

politikosTa Sefasebebidan yvelaze radikaluria Salva naTelaSvili;

“leiboristebis” lideri “vardebis revolucias” xelisuflebis uzurpaciad

aRiqvams da aqcents akeTebs sorosis rolze, globalistur Zalebze, ruseTis

teritoriul interesze, baqo-jeihanis navTobsadenze... (“dilis gazeTi”,

26.11.2003); aseve mkveTria “aRorZinebis” warmomadgenelTa Sefaseba; magaliTad,

cotne bakurias azriT, es iyo kancelariaSi dagegmili “revolucia”, Zveli

155

SevardnaZis Secvla “axalgazrda SevardnaZiT”. (“jorjian Taimsi”, 04.12.2003);

qristianul-demokratiuli kavSiris lideri vaJa lorTqifaniZe mianiSnebs

qveyanaSi diqtaturis damyarebis safrTxeze. (“axali Taoba”, 26.11.2003)

aqve aRvniSnavT, rom aqcentebi “vardebis revoluciasTan” sorosisa da

“globalisturi Zalebis” mimarTebaze kidev didxans viTardeboda presaSi.

sanimuSod movixmobT citatas yvelaze radikaluri mosazrebiT: “msoflio

politikis istoriaSi pirvelad moxda, rom saxelmwifo iqca ara romelime

Zlieri qveynis, aramed kerZo piris sakuTrebad; sorosis mizania ara mxolod

“axali evropis” gegmis ganxorcieleba, anu aSS-is gavlenis gaZliereba

evraziaze, aramed merkantiluric _ saqarTvelos, rogorc satransporto

derefnis yidva.” (“axali Taoba”, 31.03.2004)

sakonstitucio sasamarTlos yofili Tavmjdomaris, iusticiis sabWos

wevris, avTandil demetraSvilis gansazRvrebiT, “qveyana samarTlebriv

labirinTSi imyofeba, saidanac gamosavali Znelad mosaZebnia, Tumca,

SesaZlebeli. am problemis Tavi da Tavi imis gansazRvraa, ramdenad

legitimuria dRevandeli xelisufleba... nino burjanaZis mier saqarTvelos

prezidentis movaleobis Semsruleblad Tavis gamocxadeba, rom araferi

vTqvaT imaze, rom prezidents Tavisi gadadgomis Sesaxeb gancxadeba

gakeTebuli ar hqonda, aralegitimuri iyo.” (Jurnali “sarke”, 03.12.2003)

“amjerad kidev arsebobs SesaZlebloba qveyana daubrundes konstituciur

sivrces”, _ wers “dilis gazeTi” (“dilis gazeTi”, 08.12.2003) da es mosazreba

mediaSi gamonaklisi ar aris. es TavisTavad gulisxmobs, rom media erTgvarad

aRiarebs arsebuli situaciis arakonstituciurobas, magram pirobiTad iRebs

mas, rogorc postSevardnaZistuli periodis “aTvlis wertils”.

paralelurad, presaSi dominirebs azri, rom revoluciis mTavari gmiri

xalxi iyo, rom mTavari Sedegi iyo sazogadoebis gaerTianeba, misi gaxleCis

safrTxis Tavidan acileba. pirvel rigSi, am faqtors xazgasmiT aRniSnavs

Tavad “mTavari revolucioneri” mixeil saakaSvili: “...mTavari gmiri arc

saakaSvilia, arc SevardnaZe. mTavari gmiri xalxia, romelmac guSin sakuTari

xeliT Seqmna istoria.” (“24 saaTi”, 24.11.2003) politolog kaxa kacitaZis

SefasebiT, “qarTveli eri Sedga... procesebis mTavari Semoqmedi Tavad

qarTveli eri iyo.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 24.11.2003)

istorikosebis SefasebiT (profesorebi: merab vaCnaZeEda vaxtang guruli),

xalxi gaaerTiana ara romelime politikuri figuris siyvarulma, aramed

ukiduresma gaWirvebam. es iyo SevardnaZis kraxi da ara is, rom yvela erTad

saakaSvils, Jvanias an burjanaZes gahyva. mniSvnelovania, rom yvelaferi

156

usisxlod damTavrda. erTi adamianis sisxlic rom daRvriliyo, amas jaWvuri

reaqcia mohyveboda da samoqalaqo omSi gadaviCexebodiT; mniSvnelovania, rom

sazogadoeba erTiani darCa, radgan faqtobrivad dapirispireba iyo ara

sazogadoebaSi, aramed xalxsa da xelisuflebas Soris. (“mTavari gazeTi”,

25.11.2003)

igive xalxis faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT, politologi soso

cincaZeEyuradRebas amaxvilebs xalxis totaluri ndobis transformaciis

safrTxeze, romelic, SesaZloa, daemuqros axal xelisuflebas, Tu man

uaxloes xanebSi ver moaxerxa maTTvis micemuli dapirebebis Sesruleba.

(“rezonansi”, 06.12.2003)

sagulisxmoa, rom gavlenian ucxour mediaSi ganviTarebul mosazrebaTa

mravalferovnebis miuxedavad (romelsac, aseve, gvacnobs qarTuli presa),

saboloo jamSi, saqarTveloSi momxdari procesebi dadebiTad Seafases da

axal xelisuflebas mxardaWera gamoucxades evrokavSirma da evroparlamentma,

aSS-is saxelmwifo departamentma. Tumc, diplomatiur komentarebsa da

TavSekavebul SefasebebSi kvlav dominirebs aqcenti _ rom saqarTvelos,

momavali arCevnebis samarTlianad CatarebiT, isev (ukve meored) eZleva Sansi

demokratiul qveynad CamoyalibebisaTvis; samomavlod Sepirebuli ucxouri

daxmarebebic am faqtorze iqneba damokidebuli. iseve rogorc qarTuli media,

ucxouric maRal Sefasebas aZlevs revoluciuri procesebis dros

sazogadoebis aqtiurobisa da erTsulovnebis faqtors.

2 noembris arCevnebamde saqarTveloSi Camosuli maTias iorSi acxadebda,

rom TuUsaqarTvelo ar Caatarebs samarTlian da demokratiul arCevnebs,

SesaZloa, saqarTvelo evrosabWodan garicxon Seusrulebeli valdebulebebis

gamo. 18 dekembers, saqarTveloSi evrosabWos saparlamento delegaciis

xelmZRvanelis rangSi myofma iorSma preskonferenciaze ganacxada, rom axali

xelisuflebisaTvis evrosabWos winaSe aRebuli valdebulebebis Sesrulebis

moTxovna 2004 wlis TebervalSi (am dros iwureboda valdebulebebis

Sesrulebis vada _ l.k.) usamarTloba iqneba da axal xelisuflebas evrosabWo

nakisri valdebulebebis Sesrulebas axal vadebSi mosTxovs.

amasTan, sayuradReboa maTias iorSis gancxadeba momavali saprezidento

arCevnebis Taobaze, romelic, rogorc Cans, evrosabWos poziciasac gamoxatavs:

“saqarTveloSi dagegmili arCevnebi ar iqneba srulyofili. iqneba bevri

Secdoma da xarvezi, magram erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT xarvezi da

gayalbeba. mTavaria, rom saqarTvelos xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis

ganzraxva aris mtkice _ Catardes samarTliani arCevnebi da yvela damrRvevi

157

da gamyalbebeli gamovlindes da daisajos.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 19.12.2003) anu,

evrosabWom, faqtobrivad, mxari dauWira “vardebis revoluciis” Sedegad

mosul xelisuflebas da TiTqmis upirobod misca Sansi da erTgvari

SeRavaTic revoluciuri procesis legitimaciisa.

postrevoluciuri/postSevardnaZistuli xelisuflebis Sefaseba

(presis aqcentebi)

miuxedavad imisa, rom “vardebis revoluciis” Sedegad xelisuflebaSi

mosul “triumvirats” (mixeil saakaSvili, zurab Jvania, nino burjanaZe) isev

saxelisuflo partiis _ “moqalaqeTa kavSiris” wiaRidan politikur

avanscenaze karga xnis damkvidrebuli personebi warmoadgendnen,

revoluciurma eiforiam maT sxva Zala da Saravandi SesZina, Tvisobrivad

gansxvavebuli, vidre xelisuflebaSi Cveulebrivi “saarCevno rotaciis” gziT

mosvlisas eqnebodaT.

axali xelisuflebis mimarT presa Semwynarebluri gaxda. SesaZloa

imitom, rom am periodisTvis man amowura “negatiuri resursi”, romelic Zveli

xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli da warmatebiT Seasrula Tavisi misia

revoluciuri procesebisaTvis xelsayreli fonis Sesaqmnelad; SesaZloa

imitomac, rom formirebis procesSi axali xelisufleba TavisTavad

imsaxurebda taim-auts; da albaT imitomac, rom sainformacio sivrcis

Camoyalibeba da marTva saqarTveloSi didwiladaa dakavSirebuli im

politikur ZalasTan, romelic “vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg xelisuflebaSi

movida.

unda iTqvas, rom presa, politikuri speqtrisagan gansxvavebiT,

postrevoluciur eiforiaSi ar aRmoCenila da droulad auRo alRo

politikur koniunqturas.

revoluciis Semdgom TiTqmis ar Secvlila qarTuli realobisa da,

Sesabamisad, mediisTvis damaxasiaTebeli politizebisa da personificirebis

tendencia; gansxvavebaa isaa, rom presis mTavari Tema _ xelisuflebidan

SevardnaZis wasvla, Secvala xelisuflebaSi saakaSvilis mosvlis Temam.

faqtobrivad, 2003 wlis dekembersa da 2004 wlis ianvarSi iSviaTia gazeTi

personalurad mixeil saakaSvilisa da, saerTod, axali xelisuflebis Taobaze

mosazrebebis gareSe. ZiriTadad presaSi dominirebs axal xelisuflebasTan

dakavSirebuli cvlilebebis molodini. erTgvari Sejerebuli daijesti naTel

158

warmodgenas qmnis postrevoluciuri xelisuflebis garSemo presaSi Seqmnil

sainformacio fonze:

“reformatorebi, rogorebic arian mixeil saakaSvili, nino burjanaZeEda

zurab Jvania, momavali saqarTvelos imedi da amerikis SeerTebuli

StatebisTvis kargi siaxlea... dRes reformistulad ganwyobil liderebs

aqvT Sansi, rom dasavleTis daxmareba gacilebiT ufro efeqturad

gamoiyenon.” (erik mileri, analitikosi, aSS; “24 saaTi”, 03.01.2004)

“Cveni optimizmis safuZvelia sami faqtoris erTianoba, romelsac CvenSi

dRemde ar hqonia adgili. pirvelia _ xelisufleba, romelic

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis, qarTveli erisa da qveynis interesebs daicavs,

misi damoukideblobis, ganviTarebisa da ganmtkicebisaTvis ibrZolebs;

meore _ qarTveli xalxis neba _ mxari dauWiros xelisuflebas... mesame _

saerTaSoriso Tanamegobroba energiulad gamoxatavs axlandeli

xelisuflebisa da saqarTvelos mxardaWeras. da amitomac unda

davijeroT, rom 2004 weli _ axali epoqis dasawyisi iqneba

saqarTveloSi.” (dimitri SveliZe, istorikosi, “mTavari gazeTi”, 05.01.2004)

”saqarTveloSi erTpartiuli demokratia damkvidrda. xelisuflebis

yvela Stos akontrolebs erTi xelisufleba da, rac samwuxaroa, arc

apirebs am situaciis Secvlas, piriqiT, “revoluciuri xelisufleba”

cdilobs maqsimalurad mokle vadebSi daniSnos axali saparlamento

arCevnebi, raTa... erTklanuri sakanonmdeblo xelisufleba miiRos.”

(“axali Taoba”, 08.01.2004)

“mosaxleobis 96%-is mier arCeul miSas SeuZlia Tu unda

koncentraciuli banakebi gaxsnas, mainc taSs daukraven, magram ramdenad

demokratiuli da normaluria daSineba, terori da mokvliT damuqreba

ori dRis win arCeuli axalgazrda da “demokrati” prezidentisagan,

Zneli saTqmelia... guSin kanoniT jer argaprezidentebuli saakaSvili

yovelgvari moridebis gareSeEdireqtivas aZlevda iusticiis ministrs,

rom cixeSi SesaZlo destabilizaciisas gamoeyenebina iaraRi da moekla

patimrebi.” (“axali Taoba”, 13.01.2004)

“axalma xelisuflebam icis, rac unda gaakeTos da konkretuli

programac gaaCnia... mixeil saakaSvils ukve didi xania vicnob. is aSkarad

Zalian Wkviani, Semoqmedi adamiania... noembris Semdeg man yvelaze Zalian

didi STabeWdileba moaxdina. mas kargad Camoyalibebuli ideebi da xedva

aqvs da kargad icis, ra unda. mas Zalian kargi monacemebi aqvs da

vusurveb warmatebebs, radgan misi warmatebebi pirdapir aris

159

dakavSirebuli qarTveli xalxis warmatebasTan.” (lin pasko, aSS-is

saxelmwifo mdivnis moadgile, “24 saaTi”, 15.01.2004)

“ar vfiqrob, rom mixeil saakaSvili evropuli donis politikosia. ori

Tvis ganmavlobaSi Seviswavle yvela is interviu, romelic man misca

dasavlur, rusul Tu qarTul medias. jerjerobiT misTvis

gauwonasworebloba saukeTeso daxasiaTebaa. meqmneba warmodgena, rom es

is pirovnebaa, romelic gancxadebebs sakuTari ganwyobilebebidan

gamomdinare akeTebs... is, rom man moaxerxa aseTi saxis revoluciis

moxdena, metyvelebs, rom udaod niWieri pirovnebaa Zalze specifiur

sferoSi.” (andrei babicki, rusi Jurnalisti, “mTavari gazeTi”, 15.01.2004)

“saakaSvili gamoyenebiTi xasiaTis politikosia... saakaSvilSi marTlac

aris bevri ram amerikuli tipis politikosisa _ maT Soris populizmis

seriozuli dozac. politikur organizaciasTanac araklasikuri midgoma

aqvs _ misi organizacia saarCevnod aqtiurobs da arasaarCevno periodSi

minavlebulia. arCevnebis dros amotivtivebuli aqtivi saxelisuflo

struqturebSi midis, mere icxrileba _ vinc ar moswons, daundoblad

iSorebs da Semdegi arCevnebisaTvis axali aqtivi Cndeba _ es amerikuli

midgomaa.” (ivliane xaindrava, politologi, “24 saaTi”, 16.01.2004)

“saakaSvilma jer kidev inauguraciamde daiwyo sakuTari klanis

Camoyalibeba, klanis, romelic ufro Sekrulia da ufro vrceli.

SevardnaZis klani sul samiode aTeul adamians Tu aerTianebda...

saqarTvelom marTlac imperatori airCia.” (“axali Taoba”, 19.01.2004)

“jer ukurTxebeli prezidentis pirveli nabijebi sazogadoebaSi badebs

eWvs da arcTu ise sasiamovno asociaciebs warsulTan... saakaSvili

sagareo frontze TiTqmis iseTive gancxadebebs akeTebs, rogorc misi

winamorbedi”. (“axali versia”, 19.01.2004)

“dasavleTi saqarTvelos ndobas ucxadebs... saqarTvelos xelisuflebis

axali Taoba dasavleTis produqtia ganaTlebis, msoflmxedvelobisa da

mentalitetis mxriv.” (“rezonansi”, 20.01.2004)

“davosSi, sabolood, mxolod saakaSvili Cavida, romlis mizani erTia _

msoflio sazogadoebaze axali efeqtis moxdena da axali ekonomikuri

daxmarebebisa da investiciebis mozidva... Tu saakaSvili Sveicariidan

inauguraciisaTvis axali proeqtebiTa da SesaZlo investiciebiT

xeldamSvenebuli Camova, es warmateba mxolod mis damsaxurebad

CaiTvleba da, Sesabamisad, misi reitingic erTi-orad gaizrdeba. es ki,

160

mixeil saakaSvilis “piarSCikebis” azriT, mis mesianur warmomavlobas

kidev erTxel gausvams xazs.” (“dilis gazeTi”, 21.01.2004)

“jerjerobiT, Cven ar gadavsulvarT postrevoluciur fazaSi, rodesac

unda Sewydes Zalis demonstrireba da xelisufleba kanonier da

samarTlebriv saqmianobas Seudges. amisaTvis pirvel rigSi saWiroa,

mixeil saakaSvilma Tavi igrZnos ara gamarjvebuli xalxis liderad,

aramed saqarTvelos prezidentad. man unda gaacnobieros, rom igi

sruliad saqarTvelos prezidentia. maT Soris aslan abaSiZis

prezidentic aris da eduard SevardnaZisac.” (“xvalindeli dRe”, 21.01.2004)

“jorj sorosi mzad aris, qarTvel Cinovnikebs xelfasebi gadauxados.

rogorc axali xelisufleba ambobs, es kargia da waadgeba saqarTvelos

korufciis aRmofxvraSi... ratom ar surs axal xelisuflebas aRiaros,

rom sorosis fulis gareSe isini ver aamuSavebdnen marTvad

arasamTavrobo organizaciebs _ “Tavisuflebis instituts”, “axalgazrda

iuristTa asociacias” da “kmaras”; rom sorosis gareSeE ver moipovebdnen

seriozul gavlenas sainformacio saSualebebze da verc revolucias

moawyobdnen. ar jobia saqarTvelom axlave icodes, riTi unda

gadauxados soross “sikeTisaTvis”?” (“axali Taoba”, 23.01.204) ��

rogorc vxedavT, yuradRebis centrSi mixeil saakaSvilia da,

revoluciuri eiforiis miuxedavad, presaSi sakmaod kritikuli

damokidebulebac igrZnoba mis mimarT. paralelebi Zvel xelisuflebasTan da

aqcenti mixeil saakaSvilis erTpirovnuli mmarTvelobis safrTxeze, gazeT

“alias” publikaciaSi (“eduardis nakvalevze”) ufro Sors midis da aq ukve

“diqtatura” da “faSizmic” xsendeba: “guSin telekompania “imedis” eTeriT

saakaSvilma pirvelad aRiara, rom is aravisTan ar apirebs uflebebis gayofas:

“aranairi uflebebis gayofa ar iqneba. ubralod, moxdeba raRac funqciebis

delegireba. xalxma me amirCia da yvela umTavresi sakiTxi qveyanaSi

prezidentma unda gadawyvitos. man Tavad unda gadawyvitos, ra aris

mniSvnelovani.” demokratiis saxelmZRvaneloSi aseTi ram ar weria. iq

yvelaferi kanonis enaze xdeba. rogorc Cans Cveni axali prezidentic ar

apirebs demokratiulad cxovrebas. aseTi fraza Tavis droze gamsaxurdiamac

Tqva, misi reJimi “provinciul faSizmad” monaTles; SevardnaZes sityvebiT

araferi uTqvams, sul xalxis saxeliT laparakobda, magram samagierod misi

marTvis stili moinaTla diqtaturad da Camoagdes.” (“alia”, 10.01.2004)

mixeil saakaSvilis saprezidento uflebamosilebis Taobaze msjelobisas

politologi soso cincaZec iSveliebs paralelebs, oRondac gansxvavebul

161

konteqstSi: “5 ianvridan, faqtiurad, saqarTveloSi ZalaSi Sedis Zveli

amerikuli sakonstitucio principi _ xelisuflebis yovel gadawyvetilebaze

erTpirovnulad pasuxs agebs prezidenti. am fuZemdeblur principze, rogorc

Cans, sxva azri gaaCnda rogorc pirvel, aseve meore prezidents. gamsaxurdia

acxadebda, rom is pasuxs ar agebda “axalgazrda energetikosTa kavSiris”

qmedebaze da “karvis qalebze”. avtomatur reJimSi ibanda xels SevardnaZe,

rogorc ki Jurnalistebi mis uaxloes garemocvaze Camougdebdnen sityvas.”

(“rezonansi”, 09.01.2004) Zveli romis, aSS-is, britaneTis istoriuli analogebis

moSveliebiT, soso cincaZe anviTarebs mosazrebas, rom “mixeil saakaSvili

rigiT arCevnebSi gamarjvebuli prezidenti ar aris, is triumfatoria am

terminis sruli mniSvnelobiT.” triumfatorebs ki Zalze mZime jvris zidva

uxdebodaT da arcTu iSviaTad, sul martos.

analitikos ia anTaZis mesijebi, rogorc wesi, mediaSi SemTxveviT ar

Cndeba. amjerad “axal versiaSi” gamoqveynebuli (da radio “Tavisuflebis”

eTeriT gadacemuli) publikaciis saTauri _ “iracionaluri aqcentebis

tradicia qarTul politikaSi” ukve TavisTavad migvaniSnebs mis mTavar

aqcentebze:

o oTx dekembers mixeil saakaSvilma saprezidento saarCevno kampania

iracionaluri aqcentebiT daiwyo;

o saakaSvili ar aris pirveli qarTveli politikosi, romelic Tavis

optimizms religiuri TariRebisa da politikuri movlenebis damTxvevas

ukavSirebs. eduard SevardnaZis meore saprezidento vadac swored

iracionaluri aqcentebiT da masTan dakavSirebuli imedebiT daiwyo;

o maSin iracionaluri wnexi aSkarad gamoyenebuli iqna politikur

iaraRad, raTa ubralo adamians protestis gareSe, marTlac gardauval

bediswerad mieRo qveyanaSi gamefebuli usamarTloba da ganukiTxaoba;

Cven vnaxeT, riTi dasrulda xelisuflebisa da xalxis interesTa

realuri konfliqti;

o logikuria, rom nebismieri xelisufali, romelic racionalur

politikas iracionaluri aqcentebiT Caanacvlebs, damarcxdeba.

o es gafrTxileba amjerad ekuTvnis mixeil saakaSvils, romlis momaval

prezidentobasac saqarTvelos mosaxleoba cvlilebebis molodiniT da

imediT xvdeba. (83)

axal xelisuflebaze ufro konkretuli da sagnobrivi msjelobis (da

kritikulisac!) sainformacio sababi presisaTvis gaxda sakadro politika.

sakadro clilebebTan dakavSirebiT presaSi Cndeba bolSevizmis asociaciebi,

162

paralelebi SevardnaZis sakadro politikasTan, Tvalsazrisi, rom axali

xelisufleba am mimarTulebiT Zveli politikis memkvidrea. kadrebze

msjelobisas, bevrgan figurirebs Tvalsazrisi, rom es sakiTxi “nacionalebisa”

da “demokratebis” dapirispirebis sababia; gvxvdeba mosazrebebic, rom kadrebis

daniSvna naCqarevad xdeba, ar iyo aucilebeli mniSvnelovani sakadro

cvlilebebis ganxorcieleba prezidentis inauguraciamde; iqmneba

STabeWdileba, rom gamarjvebuli Zalebi erTmaneTis daswrebas da sakuTari

poziciebis gamyarebas cdiloben; kadrebis SerCeva xdeba ara

profesionalizmisa da gamocdilebis, aramed, revoluciuri damsaxurebis

mixedviT da a.S.

“mTavari gazeTi” wers, rom “zurab Jvaniam da mixeil saakaSvilma...

saxelmwifo Tanamdebobebi 50-50-ze gadainawiles. gadanawileba moxda ise, rom

rogorc Jvanias, aseve saakaSvils, aqvT urTierTkontrolis saSualeba.”

(“mTavari gazeTi”, 16.01.2004) aqve vkiTxulobT _ “es periodi Zalze gvagonebs

bolSevizmis pirvel etaps, roca yvelgan Tavisianebi gaamweses.”

“axali Taoba” iuwyeba, rom “nacionalebisa” da “demokratebis”

dapirispireba sakadro politikis garSemo SeiZleba kidev gamwvavdes. droebiTi

mTavrobis mier warmoebuli sakadro politikiT ukmayofilo nacionalebma

mixeil saakaSvils ultimatumic ki wauyenes. amjerad isini finansTa ministris

zurab noRaidelis winaaRmdeg ilaSqreben... am dReebSi noRaidelTan

seriozuli uTanxmoeba mouvida Tavdacvis saministros erT-erT maRalCinosans...

rogorc amboben, im maRalCinosans noRaidelisaTvis aseTi ram uTqvams: “Sen

Jvanias davalebas asruleb da xelfasebs specialurad ar arigeb. da gindaT,

rom xalxi saakaSvilis winaaRmdeg ganawyoTo.” (“axali Taoba”, 03.01.2004)

“dilis gazeTi” mkveTrad akritikebs “nacionalebis” kadrebs, romlebic

SemdgomSi xelisuflebis “Zalovan” sayrdenad iqcnen: “...prokuraturas

nacionalebSi yvelaze “uSiSari” irakli oqruaSvili daepatroneba. marTalia,

moralze laparaki axla moduri ar aris, magram sakiTxavia, ramdenad aqvs mas

generaluri prokuroris postis dakavebis ufleba maSin, roca mis mimarT

orjer iyo saqme aRZruli: erTi _ ramdenime wlis winaT, roca is advokati iyo

da meore _ axlaxan: winasaarCevno periodSi gorSi momxdari incidentis dros

mas da erT nacionals yaCaRobaSi edebodaT brali... rac Seexeba meore ufro

“saSiS kadrs” _ vano merabiSvils, jer erTi, igi iuristi ar aris, meorec, mas

ara aqvs Sesabamisi gamocdileba... Cndeba kiTxva _ ris mixedviT arCevs axali

xelisufleba kadrebs? ra Tqma unda, revoluciis organizebaSi Setanili

wvlilis mixedviT. vano merabiSvilis dawinaureba am CarCoebSic ar Tavsdeba,

163

radgan revoluciis dReebSi igi tribunaze arc gamoCenila. ase rom, sakadro

qaosi grZeldeba.” (“dilis gazeTi”, 13.01.2004)

vano merabiSvilis SesaZlo maRalCinosnoba “axali Taobis” gakvirvebasac

iwvevs: “... erTma gadawyvetilebam politikuri speqtri, da ara marto is, srul

SokSi Caagdo. axal mTavrobasTan daaxloebulma wyarom gaavrcela informacia,

rom deputati vano merabiSvili axlo momavalSi uSiSroebis sabWos mdivani

gaxdeba.” (“axali Taoba”, 14.01.2004)

irakli oqruaSvilis mosalodnel zeobaze “mTavari gazeTic” amaxvilebs

yuradRebas: “oqruaSvili prokuraturaSi saakaSviliseul reformebs

ganaxorcielebs, romlis mixedviTac prokuraturas funqciebi gaezrdeba da is

yvela Zalovanze “zeorganos” funqcias Seasrulebs”; “sazogadoebaSi miTqma-

moTqmaa, “oqruaSvili Tu nebaze miuSves, naxevari saqarTvelo cixeSi

aRmoCndebao.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 16.01.2004; 17.01.2004)

“axali Toba” aqcents akeTebs kadrebis gamoucdelobasa da umwifrobaze:

“ekonomikis ministrma ekonomika ar icis”... 28 wlis irakli rexviaSvils,

romelsac 14 welia saqarTveloSi ar ucxovria, imis gamo, rom sorosTan

muSaobda, Tbilisis aeroportSi CamosvlisTanave ministris portfeli

gadasces”; “iusticiis saministro saukeTeso magaliTia imisa, Tu rogori

SeiZleba aRmoCndes araprofesionalTa sabavSvo gundi. erT-erT sakvanZo

Tanamdebobaze iusticiis ministrma zurab adeiSvilma 21 wlis biWi daniSna. es

biWi, aseve, nacionaluri moZraobis aqtivistia... mesame prezidentma kidev ufro

dawia asakobrivi cenzi da lamis ufrosklaselebs Caabaros xelisufleba.”

(“axali Taoba”, 18.01.2004; 19.01.2004)

“saqarTveloSi axali daniSvnebis mTavari tendencia isaa, rom parlamenti

ministrobis kandidatebisagan ar iTxovs programebs, sadac mkafiod iqneba

Camoyalibebuli, rogor unda gardaiqmnas esa Tu is uwyeba... rCeba

STabeWdileba, rom axali xelisufleba sakuTari TavisaTvis maRali xarisxis

garantiebs iTxovs, xalxisTvis ki dabali xarisxis garantiebsac sjerdeba.

“vardebis revolucias” aseTi gagrZeleba namdvilad ar ekadreba”, _ askvnis

gazeTi “axali versia” sakadro politikaze msjelobisas. (“axali versia”,

26.01.2004)

“triumvirati”

“triumvirati”, “troika”, “trio” _ ase moixsenieba mediaSi revoluciis

gamarjvebuli sameuli. 23 noembris Semdgom dReebSi presa did yuradRebas

uTmobs nino burjanaZis, zurab Jvaniasa da mixeil saakaSvilis

164

urTierTmimarTebis, maT Soris ZalTa Tanafardobis, politikur ZalTa axal

da momaval ganlagebaSi TiToeuli maTganis funqciisa da potenciis Taobaze

mosazrebebisa da versiebis ganviTarebas.

mixeil saakaSvili _ prezidenti, zurab Jvania _ premier-ministri, nino

burjanaZe _ parlamentis Tavmjdomare. funqciebis amgvar ganawilebas presa

revoluciamde gacilebiT adre varaudobda; am sqemis ganxorcielebis realuri

perspeqtivis gaCenis Semdgom ki ZiriTadi aqcenti gadadis maTi

SesaZleblobebis Sefasebaze. gamovyofT ramdenime tipiur Sefasebas,

erTmaneTisagan diametralurad gansxvavebul mosazrebas da im Tvalsazrisebs,

romelic, Cveni azriT, sayuradRebo mesijebs Seicavs.

fsiqologi, akademikosi SoTa nadiraSvili ase afasebs zogadad lideris

faqtors da, konkretulad, samive politikur personas:

“sazogadoebrivi azri zogjer aracnobierad yalibdeba da saWiroa, rom

politikurma liderebma zogjer Tavad Seqmnan da gamoxaton is azri, rac

sazogadoebas gaaCnia... Tu vinmem amis gakeTeba SeZlo, xalxi mas liderad da

gmirad Tvlis.

nebisyofis TvalsazrisiT, saakaSvili saocrad Zlieri pirovnebaa da

aRmoCnda, rom inteleqtualuric aris...

saakaSvils gverds umSvenebs Jvania, romelic Zalian gamocdili

politikosia. Tu man kargi mizani daisaxa, bevri kargis gakeTeba SeuZlia.

qalis gamoCena ki saswauli iyo. nino burjanaZeETavisi kacuri

inteleqtiTa da nebisyofiT simpaTiebs imsaxurebs da rogorc qali _ gavlenas

axdens. mere gaCnda asociaciebi Tamar mefesTan, tetCerTan _ es yvelaferi

xels uwyobda mis portrets. oponentebma masTan sabrZolvelad araswori

meTodebi airCies _ rom is sxva wridan aris da a.S. susti argumentebi ki

mowinaaRmdeges aZlierebs...

swored qalma gaanela Jvaniasa da saakaSvilis faruli mtroba

prezidentobisTvis. yovelTvis Canda, rom burjanaZeE saakaSvils rols

dauTmobda, radgan saakaSvili amas imsaxurebda. es erTmaneTisadmi

pativiscemas niSnavs.” (“24 saaTi”, 28.11.2003)

fsiqolog nodar sarjvelaZis mosazrebiT, “samive udavod saintereso

figuraa... maT didi pasuxismgebloba aqvT da didi istoriuli roli SeuZliaT

Seasrulon. samive SevardnaZis mowafea? arian da arc arian.

saakaSvilma, Tundac SevardnaZis Cais daleviT, kargad gaSifra, misi

adgilis dakaveba rom surda. bunebrivia, am TvalsazrisiT is SevardnaZis

mowafea, Tumca, ufro TviTmyofadi.

165

Jvania aSkarad yvelaze niWieri moswavlea. is kargad gamoiwvrTna,

yvelaze ukeT SeiTvisa SevardnaZis nabijebi. Jvania namdvili politikosia,

SevardnaZis msgavsad, politikuri intrigebis specialisti. SemTxveviTi ar

aris, parlamentSi saakaSvili rom Sevida da ara Jvania.

rac Seexeba burjanaZes, man seriozuli principuloba gamoiCina bolo

dros.

unda vaRiaro, rom es sameuli dRevandel politikur speqtrSi yvelas

sjobs.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 05.12.2003)

“jorjian Taimsi” saakaSvils, Jvaniasa da burjanaZes “xelisuflebaSi

ZaliT, agresiiTa da amerikul-rusul-somxuri politikuri kapitaliT mosul

politikur tyupebsa” da “ocdameerTe saukunis orjonikiZeebs” uwodebs da maT

mniSvnelobas aseTi TanmimdevrobiT alagebs: “politikuri cxvris faris

saTaveSi Jvania dgas, Semdeg modis burjanaZe da, bolos, xelisuflebis

Zaladobrivi damxobis realuri avtori mixeil saakaSvili.” (“jorjian Taimsi”,

27.11.2003)

presis publikaciebSi, pirdapir Tu miniSnebiT, figurirebs Tvalsazrisi,

rom liderebis pirovnuli ambicia (aq, umTavresad, Jvania-saakaSvils

gulisxmoben) feTqebadsaSiSi muxtis matarebelia da Zalauflebis

gadanawilebisaTvis brZola, SesaZloa, iqces gamarjvebuli Zalis

ganxeTqilebis faqtorad. amasTan, presaSi yuradReba maxvildeba liderebis

pasuxismgeblobisa da politikuri Segnebis faqtorze, romelmac unda

gaaneitralos es safrTxe:

“bevri eloda, rom revoluciis mogebis Semdeg opoziciis erTianobas

safrTxe daemuqreboda, liderebs pirovnul ambiciebze maRla dgoma

gauWirdebodaT. magram, rogorc aRmoCnda, opoziciam am meore gamocdasac

gauZlo da funqciebis ganawileba umtkivneulod moxerexda _ yovel

SemTxvevaSi, garegnulad mainc. is, rom opoziciam am SemTxvevaSic SeinarCuna

erTianoba, miuTiTebs imaze, rom liderebi, politikuri simwifis

TvalsazrisiT, ufro gaizardnen da, jerjerobiT mainc, acnobiereben im

pasuxismgeblobas, romelic xalxis winaSe aiRes.” (“24 saaTi”, 27.11.2003)

saprezidento arCevnebis Semdeg nino burjanaZeEerTgvarad mediis

CrdilSi moeqca, miuxedavad imisa, rom inauguraciamde igi kvlav asrulebda

prezidentis movaleobas. pirveli “ceremoniuli triumfis” Semdeg, marTalia

igi kvlav xvdeba Zalian bevr maRali rangis ucxoel stumars da es Sexvedrebi

aisaxeba presaSi (gansakuTrebiT, “saqarTvelos respublikaSi”), magram misi

personis mimarT interesi aSkarad Senelda. sociologiuri samsaxuris “ai-fi-

166

emis” xelmZRvaneli goCa cqitiSvili aRniSnavs, rom arCevnebis wina periodTan

SedarebiT, burjanaZis reitingma daiwia. (“alia”, 20.01.2004). yuradRebas iqcevs

isic, rom mixeil saakaSvili nino burjanaZes xazgasmuli familiarobiTa da

TiTqos agdebiTac moixseniebs _ “nino moplakunebda!” (“vardebis revoluciis”

dRes), “nino kargi gogoa” da a.S.)

nino burjanaZis personaze kvlav amaxvilebs yuradRebas ucxouri media

(gansakuTrebiT, rusuli) da, Sesabamisad, es momenti qarTul presaSic aisaxeba.

ruseTis televiziam (ОРТ) nino burjanaZe 2003 wlis mTavar adamianTa Soris

daasaxela; saqarTveloSi mas “rkinis ninos” uwodebeno _ aRniSna

sainformacio programis wamyvanma (Tumc, es termini 23 noembris Semdgom

qarTul presaSi swored rusuli mediis masalebiT momzadebul publikaciebSi

figurirebs, _ l.k.) da paraleli Tamar mefesTan gaavlo. (“kviris palitra”,

05.01.2004) “mTavari gazeTisaTvis” micemul interviuSi, cnobili rusi

Jurnalisti andrei babicki, nino burjanaZes revolucionerTa Soris yvelaze

gawonasworebul politikoss uwodebs da aRniSnavs, rom es evropuli donis

politikosis Tvisebaa. (“mTavari gazeTi”, 15.01.2004)

72 dRiani saprezidento misiis dasrulebis sababiT nino burjanaZe

cotaxniT isev aRmoCnda mediis yuradRebis centrSi. gansakuTrebul

yuradRebas misi personisadmi amjeradac (da saerTodac!) “mTavari gazeTi”

iCens; magaliTad, gazeTis 17 ianvris nomris mTavari Tema nino burjanaZis

personaa. misdami miZRvnil ramdenime publikaciaSi aseTi aqcentebi ikveTeba:

nino burjanaZe erTaderTi qalia, romelmac mtkiced daimkvidra adgili

qarTul politikaSi; sazRvargareT, maT Soris ruseTSic, mas yovelTvis

gulRiad iRebdnen. pirovnul Rirsebebs, mis mimarT ndobis faqtors,

ganaTlebuli da simpaTiuri qalis imijic emateboda; burjanaZes

xelisuflebaSi SevardnaZis memkvidredac ganixilavdnen; burjanaZis imijma

mosaxleobaSi warmateba moutana zurab Jvanias gunds; vardebis revoluciis

dros, sakuTari kavSirebiT ucxoeTsa Tu qveynis SigniT, parlamentis

Tavmjdomaris statusiT, burjanaZe mniSvnelovnad exmareboda

revolucionerebs; 23 noembers burjanaZes qveynisa da procesebis marTvaze

pasuxismgeblobis aReba mouwia; legitimaciis ukmarisobis viTarebaSi man,

TanamoazreebTan erTad, Tavi gaarTva problemebis met-naklebad mogvarebas da,

SeiZleba iTqvas, gamocda Caabara; politikosTa prognoziT, prezident

SevardnaZis epoqaSi misi erT-erTi realuri Semcvleli saakaSvilis

mmarTvelobis drosac darCeba prezidentobis potenciur kandidatad. (“mTavari

gazeTi”, 17.01.2004)

167

“saqarTvelom da msofliomac, qalbatoni nino, rogorc prezidenti,

miiRo da moiwona kidec. sazRvargareT mas “qarTveli rkinis ledic” uwodes”,

_ aRniSnavs “dilis gazeTi”. amave publikaciaSi gvxvdeba “sarwmuno wyaros”

informacia, rom nino burjanaZeEseriozulad emzadeba (dRes Tu ara, xval

mainc) Tavisi gundis Sesaqmnelad. (“dilis gazeTi”, 20.01.2004)

“politikur samaias” Soris arsebuli daZabulobisa da momavali

dapirispirebis Tema presaSi, ZiriTadad, saakaSvili-Jvanias urTierTmimarTebis

fonze viTardeba, magram aqa-iq personalurad burjanaZec xsendeba; “jorjian

Taimsi” wers, rom saakaSvilis samomavlo mizani iqneba Tavidan moicilos

“intrigebSi gawrTvnili Jvania da burjanaZe.” (“jorjian Taimsi”, 08.01.2004)

saxelisuflo liderTa revoluciuri sameulis mesame wevris _ zurab

Jvanias persona postrevoluciuri periodis presaSi uSualod aris

dakavSirebuli sakadro politikis, mosalodneli sakonstitucio cvlilebebis,

anu, premier-ministris postis SemoRebis, aseve, politikur sameuls Soris

mosalodneli uTanxmoebisa da Zalauflebis ganawilebis TemebTan. aqve unda

aRvniSnoT, rom “vardebis revoluciis” momdevno TveebSi, iseve rogorc nino

burjanaZis, zurab Jvanias personis mimarTac interesi presaSi sagrZnoblad

Senelda (Tu ar CavTvliT gazeT “jorjian Taimss”, romelic farTod

anSlagirebul skandalur publikaciebs uZRvnis Jvanias personas).

zurab Jvanias popularobis klebas politologi ivliane xaindrava ase

xsnis: Jvaniasadmi ndobis xarisxi politikur da arasamTavrobo wreebSi daeca

da isini amaSi damnaSave ar arian _ iyo dro, roca am wreebSi Jvanias didi

mxardaWera hqonda, magram man, garkveulwilad, ver gaamarTla; 1995 wlis meore

naxevari da momdevno ori weli pozitiuri dinamikis wlebi iyo; maSin

axalgazrda reformatorad wodebuli jgufis lideri Jvania iyo, misi

xelmZRvanelobiT parlamenti nayofierad muSaobda; magram man ver SeZlo

aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebisaTvis gadamwyveti brZolis gamarTva _ Tu

moigebdnen, xom kargi, Tu arada, wagebis SemTxvevaSi maTi saxiT progresuli

Zalebis konsolidaciis centri Seiqmneboda; Jvaniam SevardnaZis orbitaze

moZraoba arCia; man, arsebiTad, im periodSi daiwyo moednis mosufTaveba

imisaTvis, rom 2005 wels prezidentobis ualternativo kandidati yofiliyo; es

misi strategiuli Secdoma iyo; man dakarga ndobac da politikuri

mokavSireebic. (“24 saaTi”, 16.01.2004)

mniSvnelovan saxelisuflo postebze Jvania-saakaSvilis kadrebis

ganTavsebaze msjelobisas presaSi, erTis mxriv, gvxvdeba mosazreba, rom

Jvanias ufro didi sakadro resursi aqvs; meores mxriv, aris am tipis

168

Tvalsazrisic _ revoluciis mTeli simZime “nacionalebma” aiRes Tavis Tavze,

dabali reitingis Jvania ki qveynis meore piri xdeba da Tavisi kadrebiT

akompleqtebs xelisuflebas.

rogorc aRvniSneT, zurab Jvania “jorjian Taimsis” sagangebo yuradRebis

obieqtia, oRondac, skandalur konteqstSi; Jvania figurirebs, rogorc “zviad

gamsaxurdias xelisuflebis damxobis aqtiuri monawile, romlis mier umZimesi

danaSaulis Cadenis faqts mowmeebi adastureben”; rogorc baqo-jeihanis

proeqtis faruli da aqtiuri mowinaaRmdege, mezobeli qveynis interesebis

sasargeblod. (“jorjian Taimsi”, 08,15,22.2004)

saxalxo frontis Tavmjdomare nodar naTaZeEzurab Jvanias korufciuli

qmedebebis Tanamonawiled da Tanaorganizatorad miiCnevs da darwmunebulia,

rom amis gamo daixureba korufciasTan dakavSirebuli yvela realuri saqme,

romelic prokuraturaSi Seva. (“axali Taoba”, 20.01.2004)

aWaris movlenebi _ “vardebis revoluciis” logikuri gagrZeleba

“vardebis revoluciis” Sedegebis Sefasebisas, revoluciis wlisTavze da

Semdgomac, axali xelisuflebis mTavar warmatebad miiCneva aWaris faqtobrivi

dabruneba saqarTvelos konstituciur sivrceSi. Cveni azriT, amas gacilebiT

ufro mniSvnelovani Sedegi mohyva _ aWaris dabruneba ara mxolod

konstituciur, aramed erTiani saxelmwifo cnobierebis velSi.

axla, roca 2008 wlis agvistos movlenebis Semdeg afxazeTisa da e.w.

samxreT oseTis dabruneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv sivrceSi ufro

daSorda realobas, vidre es Tundac “vardebis revoluciis” Semdgomi

perspeqtiviT isaxeboda, aWaraSi ganviTarebuli procesebis mediaretrospeqtiva

da analizi ufro sayuradRebo xdeba. miT ufro, rom am Temis asaxva presaSi,

jerjerobiT, araa Seswavlili da gaanalizebuli. Tanac, droismieri

distancirebis Semdeg ise moCans, TiTqos yvelaferi erTi xelis dakvriT

mogvarda. presaSi asaxuli viTareba ki gviCvenebs, rom es procesi rTuli

saSinao da sagareo peripetiebis TanxlebiT mimdinareobda. amdenad, saWirod

CavTvaleT ufro vrclad warmogvedgina aWaraSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis

mediasuraTi.

“vardebis revoluciis” dReebSive da revoluciis Semdgom, aWaris Tema

isev gaxda is “mTavari safrTxobela”, romelsac qarTul politikaSi

damkvidrebuli tradiciiT, xelisufleba momgebianad iyenebda rTul

situaciebSi manipulirebisa da movlenaTa simZimis centridan yuradRebis

169

“sxvagan” gadatanisaTvis. centrsa da regions Soris bunebrivad arsebuli

problemebis gamwvaveba orive mxarisTvis xelsayrel situacias qmnida

saTanado sazogadoebrivi azris Sesaqmnelad.

“aWaris avtonomias da centralur xelisuflebas Soris

winaaRmdegobrivi, xandaxan ki metad mwvave urTierToba qarTuli

saxelmwifoebriobisa da demokratiis erT-erTi mwvave problemaa, _ wers daviT

darCiaSvili narkvevSi “saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi da regionebi” (naSromi

Sesrulebulia saqarTveloSi demokratiuli mSeneblobis ZiriTadi tendenciebis Semajamebeli

saeqsperto proeqtis farglebSi, _ l.k.), _ es winaaRmdegobebi separatizmis

kvalifikacias namdvilad ar imsaxurebs. saamisod mas mTavari komponenti _

nacionalizmi aklia. dapirispireba mmarTveli elitebis donezea, mas ar axlavs

sazogadoebis mobilizacia eTnikuri an konfesiuri ideebis doneze. magram

isic aSkaraa, rom aWara ar erideba saqarTvelos konstituciasTan

winaaRmdegobaSi Sesvlas.” (16, 18)

miuxedavad imisa, rom aWarasTan mimarTebaSi presaSi gvxvdeboda termini

_ “separatistuli regioni” an _ “aWaruli separatizmi”, bunebrivia, igi ar iyo

afxazuri da osuri separatizmis tolfasi viTarebis gamomxatveli. Tumc,

samive am regionis xelisuflebas aerTianebda ruseTTan mimarTebis faqtori.

rogorc daviT darCiaSvilic aRniSnavs zemoT damowmebul naSromSi, “aWaris

avtonomiis lideri xazgasmiT ruseTis erTgulia, riTac aSkarad

upirispirdeba Tbilisis prodasavlur kurss.” (16, 81)

aWaris Temis dominireba presaSi ar Semoifargleba mxolod operatiuli

sainformacio sababebiTa da arsebuli viTarebis analiziT; publikaciebSi

ikveTeba bolo wlebSi centrsa da regions Soris urTierTobis Camoyalibebis

procesi da Sedegad miRebuli modeli, romelic fons qmnis aWaraSi

ganviTarebuli movlenebis logikuri axsnisTvis:

pirveli konfliqti prezident zviad gamsaxurdiasa da mis mierve

daniSnul aslan abaSiZes Soris 1991 wlisTvis warmoiqmna. maSin xelisufleba

Tbilissa da baTumSi erTnairad myife iyo da rom ara 1991-1992 wlebis

cnobili movlenebi, SesaZloa, abaSiZis mmarTvelobas seriozuli problemebi

Seqmnoda;

1992-1995 wlebSi afxazeTSi damarcxebul da dasavleT saqarTveloSi

gamsaxurdias momxreebTan mebrZol xelisuflebas abaSiZisTvis aRar ecala da

swored am periodSi moipova man absoluturi Zalaufleba aWaraSi;

saqarTvelos Zveli xelisufleba, iseve rogorc axlandeli,

dainteresebuli iyo gaekontrolebina baTumis porti da sarfis sabaJo, anu

170

abaSiZis xelisuflebisa da siZlieris mTavari sayrdeni. amisTvis iribi

zewolis formebs mimarTes (magaliTad, prioritetis miniWeba foTis

portisTvis), magram amgvar formebs aWaris xelisufleba maincadamainc ar

dauzaralebia; amitomac, Tbilissa da baTums Soris urTierTobam politikuri

TamaSis saxe miiRo; prezidenti SevardnaZe jer abaSiZis xelisuflebas da

“aRorZinebas” abalansebda “moqkavSireli” reformatorebiT, Semdgom ukve

“aRorZinebiT” abalansebda opoziciaSi gadasul Tanagundelebs;

“vardebis revoluciisas” abaSiZis “desantma” ver gadaarCina centraluri

xelisufleba, samagierod, amgvarma aqtiurobam da aWaraSi arsebuli viTarebis

SenarCunebis amocanam gaaRrmava konfliqti centrsa da regions Soris; ufro

metic, faqtobrivad, man miiRo saxelmwifos ganviTarebis or SesaZlo

mimarTulebas Soris msoflmxedvelobrivi konfliqtis xasiaTi.

“Coloqis incidentma saxeli daarqva wlebis manZilze Camoyalibebul

problemas da naTelyo, rom “SeuZlebelia adamianebi cxovrobdnen erT

saxelmwifoSi da erTdroulad ori sxvadasxva sistemis pirobebSi”. (“24 saaTi”,

19.03.2004)

aWara erTgvari testi gaxda, romelmac gamoamJRvna: saqarTvelos axali

xelisuflebis Zlieri da susti mxareebi, rogorc sagareo, ise saSinao

frontze; faruli da afiSirebuli Sida brZolebi Tu sagareo konfrontacia;

sazogadoebis erTsulovnebisa da saerTaSoriso mxardaWeris faqtori.

SevecdebiT Tanmimdevrulad ganvixiloT aWarasTan dakavSirebuli da aWaraSi

ganviTarebuli procesebi. pirvel rigSi, SevexebiT orive mxaris _ centrisa da

regionis, ufro konkretulad, mixeil saakaSvilisa da aslan abaSiZis

pozicias, motivacias, urTierTmimarTebas.

aslan abaSiZis damokidebuleba “vardebis revoluciis”, eduard

SevardnaZisa da axali xelisuflebis mimarT presis publikaciebSi zogadad

ase yalibdeba:

aSS-m eduard SevardnaZeEaiZula gadamdgariyo da saqarTvelos

xelisuflebaSi “demokratebi” moiyvana; saqarTveloSi ruseTisa da aSS-is

interesebi erTmaneTs Seejaxa; amaSi SevardnaZea damnaSave, radgan mas rom

erTi politikuri xazi gaetarebina, Tavis adgilze darCeboda; saqarTvelos

yofili prezidentis aTwlianma TamaSma qveyana savalalo Sedegebamde miiyvana;

saqarTvelos mosaxleoba male gamofxizldeba; es axali reJimi ufro swrafad

da uaresad dasruldeba, vidre wina.

171

amasTan, presaSi Cndeba “mesiji aWaridan” _ rom aslan abaSiZisaTvis

axali xelisuflebidan yvelaze kompromisuli varianti zurab JvaniasTan

molaparakebaa, mixeil saakaSvilis “politikuri ena” ki “aRorZinebas” ar esmis.

jer kidev saprezidento arCevnebis wina dReebSi mixeil saakaSvilma

mkafiod gamoxata Tavisi pozicia aWaris mimarT: me ar davuSveb, rom

saqarTveloSi iyos ori mTavarsardali; me mzad var wavide daTmobaze, magram

daTmoba ar moxdeba saxelmwifoebriobis xarjze. (“axali Taoba”, 03.01.2004);

xolo safrangeTSi vizitad myofi mixeil saakaSvilis gancxadeba (qarTul

diasporiasTan Sexvedrisas) imis Taobaze, rom igi ver moiTmens “feodalebis

ukmayofilo burtyuns” da aWaraSi sruli kontrolis damyarebas apirebs

(xvalindeli dRe, 10.03.2004), mkafio “mesiji” iyo ara mxolod aslan abaSiZisa

da aWarisaTvis, aramed, afxazeTisa da e.w. samxreT oseTis separatistuli

xelisuflebisTvisac.

“vardebis revoluciis” Semdgom aslan abaSiZis dauyovnebliv vizits

ruseTSi da mis gasaidumloebul Sexvedrebs afxazeTisa da e.w. samxreT oseTis

separatistul xelmZRvanelobasTan, mediaSi ZiriTadad orgvari tipis

gamoxmaureba mohyva: erTi _ rom es aris ruseTis Sorsgamiznuli scenaris

nawili _ saqarTvelodan aWaris CamoSorebis mcdeloba da, saboloo jamSi,

saqarTvelos danawevreba; meore _ ruseTis faqtors aslan abaSiZe

iyenebsE”savaWro Temad”, rom avtonomiis SigniTac Seqmnas Sesabamisi ganwyoba

da centrisa da saqarTvelos mosaxleobis winaSec moaxdinos Tavisi

SesaZleblobebis demonstrireba. am vizits maSinve mohyva pirveli Sedegi _

2004 wlis 9 dekembers, ruseTis federaciam aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis

mcxovrebTaTvis calmxrivi gadawyvetilebiT aamoqmeda savizo mimosvlis

gamartivebuli reJimi.

“vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg, pirvel rigSi, gamoikveTa konkretuli

problema _ momaval saprezidento da saparlamento arCevnebTan aWaris

mimarTeba. presaSi ikveTeba mosazreba, rom Tu arCevnebSi aWara monawileobas

ar miiRebs, maSin arCevnebi kanongareSea. aslan abaSiZem scada arCevnebis Tema

maqsimalurad gamoeyenebina manipulirebisa da manevrirebisTvis. erTis mxriv,

igi acxadebda, rom axal xelisuflebas legitimurad ar Tvlis da maT ar

eqvemdebareba; meores mxriv, presis versiiT, abaSiZe satelefono saubarSi

Jvanias gaurigda, rom aWaris mosaxleoba saprezidento arCevnebSi

monawileobas im SemTxvevaSi miiRebs, Tu saparlamento arCevnebi

gazafxulisTvis gadaideba. mogvianebiT, heidar alievis dakrZalvaze baqoSi

myofma aslan abaSiZem ganacxada, rom boikots ucxadebs arCevnebs. ukanasknel

172

wuTebSi igi erTgvar demonstraciul kompromisze wavida, roca saprezidento

arCevnebis boikotireba gadaifiqra da saarCevno ubanze gamocxadda.

ramdenime dRis Semdeg moskovSi aslan abaSiZis morigi viziti presaSi

Sefasda, rogorc sakuTari xelisuflebis gadarCenis mcdeloba. ruseTis

dedaqalaqidan gacxadebuli abaSiZis pozicia ufro mkveTri da Tamami iyo: misi

gancxadebiT, saqarTvelos axali xelisufleba cdilobs socialur-

ekonomikuri problemebidan xalxis yuradRebis gadatanas aWaris regionze.

aslan abaSiZe Seqmnil situacias 1992 wlis identurs uwodebs. sagulisxmoa

misi miniSneba yarsis xelSekrulebaze, “romlis Tanaxmadac, saqarTvelosa da

aWaras Soris arsebuli yvela winaaRmdegoba aWaris parlamentis

gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad unda mogvardes.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 16.01.2004)

amasTan, presis varaudiT, aslan abaSiZe angariSs uwevs im faqtors, rom

misi yofna-aryofnis sakiTxi, saqarTvelos xelisuflebis garda, moskovsa da

vaSingtons Soris konsultaciebzecaa damokidebuli; amitom igi ukan dasaxev

gzasac itovebs da acxadebs, rom aWara aucileblad miiRebs monawileobas 28

martis arCevnebSi, vinaidan aWara saqarTvelos ganuyofeli nawilia.

presaSi, aseve, vxvdebiT mosazrebas, rom aslan abaSiZem alRo auRo jer

SevardnaZis, Semdeg saakaSvilis mmarTvelobas; igi aravis gulisTvis ar

apirebs centrTan urTierTobis gafuWebas _ akaki CxaiZesac Tmobs da levan

mamalaZesac. (“alia”, 17.01.2004)

paralelurad, presis publikaciebSi (saTaurebSic!) Cndeba miniSneba

aWaraSi revoluciuri suliskveTebis gaCenisa da “revoluciaSi gadazrdis”

safrTxeze: “aWaraSi minirevolucia mwifdeba”, “aWaraSi erTi wiTeli vardi

ukve Segdebulia”, “vardebis revoluciis eqsporti baTumSi”, “baTumis

universitetis kedlebze warwera _ “kmara” gaCnda” da a.S. presaSi gaCnda

publikaciebi, romlebSic aWaris warmomadgenlebi (ZiriTadad, erTi da igive

pirovnebebi) gmoben aslan abaSiZis qmedebebs. amgvar ganwyobas inteligenciis

saxeliT axmovaneben aWaris universitetis profesorebi mixeil maxaraZe da

nugzar mgelaZe.

mixeil maxaraZe: “aWaris mosaxleoba Zalian saRad azrovnebs, isini ar

CaerTvnen ZmaTamkvlel omSi, romliskenac abaSiZe ubiZgebda, maT eSiniaT

Tavisufali azris gamoxatvis... abaSiZeExelisuflebis SesanarCuneblad

sisxlisRvrasac ar moerideba.” (“axali Taoba”, 13.12.2003)

nugzar mgelaZe: “...misi es nabijebi Cveni kuTxis gankerZoebisaken mimavali

gegmis nawilia... marTalia, xalxi aq xmas ar iRebs, magram vici, rom

sazogadoebis didi nawili am politikur svlebs, romelsac “aRorZineba”

173

axorcielebs, mxars ar uWers... im gzas, romelzedac abaSiZe axla saubrobs,

SeuZlebelia qarTuli cnobierebis adamianma mxari dauWiros.” (“axali versia”,

15.12.2003)

2004 wlis saprezidento arCevnebis Semdeg aWaraSi mosalodneli

revoluciuri cvlilebebis aqcenti presaSi kidev ufro gaZlierda:

“saqarTvelos axali xelisuflebis mTavari politikuri “Setyobineba” ukve ase

JRers _ “kmara aslan abaSiZis parpaSi!” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 08.01.2004); “aWaris

soflebSi xelisuflebaze SetevisTvis emzadebian” (“dilis gazeTi”, 13.01.204);

“abaSiZe da misi reJimi atavizmia” (“24 saaTi”, 16.01.2004); “yinuli daiZra” da

aWaraSi opoziciuri sociumi amoZravda” (“dilis gazeTi”, 16.01.204); “revolucia

dinjad, magram saocrad droulad miiwevs aWarisaken.” (”xvalindeli dRe”,

22.01.2004)

aWaris Taobaze politologebis, politikosebis, fsiqologebis da a.S

mosazrebebSi gvxvdeba am Temisadmi frTxili damokidebuleba: rom, SesaZloa,

aWaraSi “kmaras” gaaqtiureba naadrevi iyos, iq jer amisaTvis niadagi ar aris

Semzadebuli; rom “vardebis revolucia”, Tbilisisagan gansxvavebiT, aWaraSi

ufro dramatulad ganviTardeba; rom axal xelisuflebas aWariT ar unda

daewyo, radgan amas gamoZaxili mohyveba soxumSi; aWaris problema afxazeTis

problemis Semdeg unda mogvardes.

saprezidento arCevnebis Semdeg presam ukve aslan abaSiZis SesaZlo

Semcvlelze daiwyo msjeloba. presaSi gaCnda mesijebi: “aWarulma sakiTxma”

“nacionalebsa” da “demokratebs” Soris arsebuli bzari gamoaCina”; “Jvaniasa

da saakaSvilis gundebs Soris, aWaris lideris savarZlis sababiT, skandali

mwifdeba”; “Jvania surmaniZes abaSiZis adgilisTvis amzadebs” da a.S. “aWaraSi

sazogadoeba ukve samad aris gaxleCili _ aslan abaSiZis, daviT

berZeniSvilisa da edvard surmaniZis mxardamWerebi”, _ wers “xvalindeli dRe”

(“xvalindeli dRe”, 27.01.2004) ufro zusti iqneba Tu vityviT, rom _ oTxad,

vinaidan edvard surmaniZis xelmZRvanelobiT Camoyalibebuli axali

organizacia “demokratiuli aWara” (zurab Jvanias TanadgomiT), faqtobrivad,

daupirispirda revoluciuri xelisuflebis mier “nacionalebis” rezerviT

Seqmnil moZraobas _ “Cveni aWara”, romelic mxars uWerda aWaris SesaZlo

lideris kidev erT kandidats, foTis portis xelmZRvanels, jemal inaSvils.

gacilebiT ufro faruli da saxifaTo dapirispireba gamoamJRavna e.w.

“Coloqis incidentma”; rogorc “alia” aRniSnavda, “Coloqi simbolurad

amerika-ruseTis samxedro dapirispirebis poligoni” gaxda. (“alia”, 18.03.2004).

presis publikaciebis mixedviT, es fraza ar aris mxolod Jurnalisturi

174

ganwyoba da arc aWara iyo mxolod simboluri poligoni. ColoqTan Seqmnili

eqstremaluri situacia (specrazmTan erTad aWarisken mimaval saqarTvelos

prezidents aWaris sazRvarTan, ColoqTan, Caxergili gza da abaSiZis

SeiaraRebuli momxreebi gadaeRobnen), erTis mxriv, mosalodnelic iyo, magram,

meore mxriv, erTgvarad daCqarebuli, fataluri Sedegis didi albaTobiT.

presaSi bunebrivad gaCnda kiTxvebi: xom ar iyo es seriozuli

SeTqmuleba mixeil saakaSvilis winaaRmdeg; prezidentis CixSi Seyvanis, qveynis

SigniT Tu gareT misi diskreditaciis mcdeloba; vin urCia prezidents aWaraze

forsirebuli Seteva; aWaris ekonomikuri blokada (anu TviTblokada) xom ar

iyo provocirebuli trasekas proeqtisa da saqarTvelos politikuri

imijisTvis safrTxis Sesaqmnelad.

am kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacemas isev presa cdilobs. ikveTeba ramdenime

mosazreba: prezidenti SecdomaSi Seiyvanes araswori informaciebiT; bokeria

da berZeniSvilebi saakaSvils aWaraze Setevas urCevdnen; prezidentis aCqareba,

SesaZloa, koba xabazsac emyarebodes, romelic msubuqad warmoudgenda mas

baTumSi arsebul viTarebas” (dilis gazeTi, 16,17.03.2004; axali Taoba, 18.03.2004);

“vin daexmara prezidents Tavi gaeSarJebina msoflio sazogadoebriobis

TvalSi _ sakuTari qmedebebi Tu premier-ministri, romelic iSviaTad Tua

saakaSvilis politikis bolomde gamtarebeli.” (“jorjian Taimsi”, 18.03.2004);

“erT-erTi versiiT, saakaSvilis politikuri gabiTurebis gegma unda

SeemuSavebina misive TanamebrZol zurab Jvanias, romelic abaSiZesTan ufro

axloa, vidre saakaSvili.” (“axali Taoba”, 18.03.2004)

“jorjian Taimsi” yuradRebas amaxvilebs saakaSvilis frazaze _

“gadawyvetileba gvian Rame miviRe”; aviTarebs versias, rom, SesaZloa, baTumis

da saakaSvilis moqmedeba erTidaigive pirvelwyarodan iyo inicirebuli da

askvnis, rom “msgavsi sainformacio operaciis Catareba da kvalis dafarva

SesaZlebelia mxolod saxelmwifo struqturebSi seriozuli poziciebis

flobis SemTxvevaSi.” (“jorjian Taimsi”, 25.03.2004)

im seriozul safrTxeze, rac SeiZleba ColoqTan warmoSobil situacias

mohyoloda, msjelobda ara mxolod qarTuli, aramed ucxouri presac. gaCnda

paralelebi afxazeTTan, miniSneba “samoqalaqo omis” SesaZleblobaze (rusul

mediaSi), rusuli Carevis safrTxeze, amerikis SeSfoTebaze... “prezidentma

saakaSvilma Tanamdebobaze mosvlidan ori Tvis Semdeg inicireba gaukeTa

Tavis pirvel kriziss”, _ aRniSnavda “niu-iork Taimsi”. (“rezonansi”, 19.03.2004)

am fonze miT ufro mniSvnelovania is gamoxmaureba, romelic krizisis

daZlevas mohyva: “mixeil saakaSvilis triumfaluri svla Coloqidan

175

baTumamde”; “saakaSvilma “aWaruli gamocda” xuTze Caabara”; “telekompania

“evroniusma” saakaSvilis guSindel molaparakebebs pirveli seriozuli

gamarjveba uwoda prezidentad arCevis Semdeg.” (“dilis gazeTi”, 19.03.2004);

“prezidentma saxelmwifoebrivi gadawyvetileba miiRo da konfliqti

mSvidobianad moagvara”; “Coloqi _ xelovnuri rubikoni gadalaxulia”

(“mTavari gazeTi”, 19.03.2004); “vardebis revoluciaze aranakleb mniSvnelovani

gamarjveba” (“24 saaTi”, 19.03.2004); “es iyo saakaSvilis gamarjveba angariSiT 2:1”;

“saqarTvelom bewvis xidze gaiara” (“kviris palitra”, 22.03.204); “Zalian mokle

droSi saqarTvelom orjer gaiara bewvis xidze da Tavidan aicila ZmaTa

sisxlisRvra” (“rezonansi”, 22.03.2004); “foTi-qobuleTis gzaze xalxi

prezidents saxelmwifo droSebiTa da wiTeli vardebiT egebeboda.”

(“komersant.ru”, “kviris palitra”, 22.03.2004)

aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom rusma Jurnalistebmac ver auares gverdi

aWaraSi saqarTvelos prezidentTan mosaxleobis gulTbili Sexvedris faqts

da isic ki aRniSnes, rom “Coloqi Cabarda”. (“ntv”, “gazeta.ru”) rusulma

onlain-gazeTma sagangebod aRniSna Coloqis “sasazRvro punqtis” gadaketvis

miuxedavad, aWaraSi manqaniT Sesvlis faqti, rogorc saakaSvilis

principulobis niSani.

daxurul kars miRma mixeil saakaSvilisa da aslan abaSiZis oTxsaaTiani

dialogis Sedegad miRweul SeTanxmebas, krizisis mSvidobian daZlevasTan

erTad, kidev erTi mniSvnelovani Sedegi mohyva _ aWaris mosaxleobaSi SiSis

sindromis gadalaxva. am fsiqologiurma faqtorma, rogorc Cans, arsebiTi

mniSvneloba iqonia saparlamento arCevnebis Sedegebze.

aWarisaTvis brZolis meore etapi swored saparlamento arCevnebs

ukavSirdeba.

presaSi vxvdebiT aqcents, rom aWaris Temis gaaqtiureba “saarCevno

piaria”. “saakaSvilsa da abaSiZes Soris daZabulobas revoluciis CrdilSi

moxvedrili partiebi saarCevno triukad naTlaven. es xmauri grigaliviT aris

_ midis da Tan eleqtoratis xmebs agrovebs”, _ “alias” analitikuri

publikaciis avtori, qeTi xatiaSvili, partiebis mosazrebas sakuTari

argumentebiTac aZlierebs _ saakaSvils uyvars xmauri da mZvinvareba; es misi

stiqiaa; 2 noembris saarCevno ekonomikuri dapirebebi: mcire biznesis

gadasaxadebisagan gaTavisufleba ori wliT, xelfasebisa da pensiebis

gaormageba _ axla politikurma frazam Secvala _ yvelaferi saqarTvelos

gaerTianebisTvis; aWaris lomTan dapirispirebis fonze politika ufro

aqtualuri xdeba.” (“alia”, 23.03.2004)

176

presaSi musirebda saparlamento arCevnebis dRisTvis aWaraSi situaciis

ukiduresad daZabvis prognozi. amdenad, mTeli saarCevno procesis asaxva

mediaSi aWaris Temis primatiT mimdinareobda. 28 marts, mTeli dRe,

telekompaniebi avrcelebdnen informacias aWaraSi arCevnebis totaluri

gayalbebis Taobaze; saubari iyo imazec, rom TiTqos baTumis quCebSi tankebi

dadioda; amgvari gancxadeba centraluri saarCevno komisiis Tavmjdomaremac

gaavrcela. am fonze, aWaraSi sagangebo vizitiT myofma premier-ministrma

zurab Jvaniam, saRamos, aslan abaSiZesTan TaTbiris Semdeg, “saxeldaxelo

komentari” gaakeTa. man aWaraSi Seqmnil viTarebas normaluri uwoda da

aRniSna “mxolod wvrilmani darRvevebi” (“axali Taoba”, 29.03.2004); “Cveni

mizania, sabolood davusvaT wertili tyuil miTqma-moTqmas”, _ aRniSna

Jvaniam.” (“rezonansi”, 29.03.2004) JvaniasTan erTad aslan abaSiZis mier

gakeTebul gancxadebaSi figurirebda informacia, rom zurab Jvaniam

prezidents daureka dezinformaciis Sewyvetis TxovniT. “ar SeiZleba

dezinformaciebze aigos gancxadebebi. arian Zalebi, romelTac simSvide xels

ar aZlevT. yvelaze Zalian aWaris xelisuflebas unda, rom aq, aWaraSi

arCevnebi maRal doneze Catardes”, _ ganacxada aslan abaSiZem. (“axali Taoba”,

“rezonansi”, 29.03.2004) presas SeumCneveli ar darCenia Seusabamoba aWaraSi

mosalodnel viTarebas, arCevnebis dRes gavrcelebul sagangaSo informaciebsa

da zurab Jvanias mier baTumidan gakeTebul gancxadebas Soris.

wlebis manZilze saxelisuflebo partiis mTavar konkurentad da bevri

sxva partiis “politikur lokomotivad” miCneuli “aRorZinebis” darCenas

parlaments miRma, da am faqtis “uxmaurod” datovebas, presaSi daaxloebiT

aseTi rezonansi mohyva: arCevnebis CaSla arc aslan abaSiZes awyobda; igi

flobda informacias mosalodneli gamanadgurebeli damarcxebis Sesaxeb,

amitomac, winaswar iWerda Tadarigs da arCevnebs TavisTvis umniSvnelos

uwodebda; abaSiZem arCia daeTmo “aRorZineba” xelisuflebis SenarCunebis

sanacvlod.

saparlamento arCevnebis Sedegad “aRorZinebis” gasvlas saxelisuflebo

avanscenidan ucxouri mediac gamoexmaura. britanuli “gardiani” am faqts

saqarTvelos axalgazrda prezidentis gamarjvebad miiCnevs: “rodesac cnobili

gaxda, rom meamboxe aWaraSi problemurma arCevnebma mSvidobianad Caiara da

avtonomiis lideri maTi Sedegebis kanonierebaze daTanxmda, cxadi gaxda, rom

saqarTvelos axalma prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma karieris pirveli

msxvili politikuri krizisis gadalaxva SeZlo.” (“gardiani”, 29.03.2004) rusuli

“izvestia”, piriqiT, arCevnebis Sedegs aslan abaSiZisTvis xelsayrelad

177

warmoaCens: “parlamentis mandatebis SewirviT da imis moxerxebiT, rom

saqarTvelos xelisuflebas aWaraSi viTarebis provocirebis saSualeba ar

misca, abaSiZem araTu xelisufleba SeinarCuna, aramed viTareba Tavis

sasargeblodac Semoabruna.” (“izvestia”, 30.03.2004)

diametralurad gansxvavebul Sefasebebs qarTul presaSic vxvdebiT:

“28 marts... logikur dasasrulamde mivida noembris liberaluri

revolucia”; “Zalian didi roli Seasrula aWaris movlenebma... saqarTvelos

politikur scenaze abaSiZisa da misi “aRorZinebis” faqtori aRar arsebobs.”

(“24 saaTi”, 29.03.2004)

“aslan abaSiZes SeeZlo arCevnebis gayalbeba (uares SemTxvevaSi, CaSla).

amisTvis mas seriozuli berketebi hqonda, magram... man seriozuli politikuri

nabiji gadadga da dainteresebul sazogadoebas daanaxa, rom is aris regionis

lideri.” (“dilis gazeTi”, 30.03.204)

presis SefasebebSi yuradReba maxvildeba aWaraSi arCevnebis procesisa

da Sedegis politikur faqtorze; publikaciaTa umetesobaSi swored esaa

mTavari kriteriumi da meore planzea aWaraSi arCevnebis samarTlianad

Catareba-arCatarebis momenti. sainteresoa, rom saerTaSoriso damkvirvebelTa

Sefasebebi ufro delikaturia, vidre adgilobrivebis. euTo-s damkvirvebelTa

misiebis xelmZRvanelebma aRniSnes, rom aWaris xelisuflebas ar ucdia

demokratiuli arCevnebisTvis aucilebeli pirobebis Seqmna.

arasamTavrobo organizacia “arCevnebisa da mmarTvelobis institutis”

direqtorma nugzar ivaniZem “xvalindel dResTan” interviuSi ganacxada, rom

gaurkvevelia, is Sedegebi, romelic aWaridan Camova, “es iqneba aWarlebis neba,

Tu centrsa da regionis meTaurs Soris Semdgari molaparakebis produqti.”

(“xvalindeli dRe”, 31.03.2004) aWaraSi arCevnebis Sedegi, molodinis

sawinaaRmdegod, ar gauprotestebiaT aslan abaSiZesa da “aRorZinebas”; Tumc,

rusul sainformacio sivrceSi gaiJRera aqcentma, rom aslan abaSiZem

saqarTvelos prezidenti arCevnebis falsifikaciis mcdelobaSi daadanaSaula.

saparlamento arCevnebSi “aRorZinebis” damarcxebisa da aslan abaSiZis

erTgvari kompromisis fonze, aWaris Temis intensioba presaSi unda

Semcirebuliyo, magram ase ar momxdara; piriqiT, presis aqcentebis mixedviT,

aWara axali xelisuflebis sagareo aqtivobis arealSic xvdeba.

2004 wlis aprilSi, prezident mixeil saakaSvilisa da premierministr

zurab Jvanias vizitebi ukrainasa da aSS-Si, iqca im faqtorebad, romelmac

gamokveTa ara mxolod sagareo, aramed saSinao politikis ganmsazRvreli

orientirebi. pirvel rigSi, vgulisxmobT aWaris problemas. saerTaSoriso

178

damokidebulebis faqtori, rogorc Cans, arsebiTad gansazRvravda rogorc

centraluri, aseve regionis xelisuflebis nabijebs Semdgomi urTierTobisken.

aWaris liderTan uTanxmoebis warmoqmnisTanave saqarTvelos axalgazrda

xelisuflebas yvelaze aqtiurad evrosabWosa da euTo-s eqspertebi uwevdnen

konsultaciebs, Tumc, rogorc “mTavari gazeTi” aRniSnavs, “beberi

kontinentis” tradiciulma liberalizmma Tbiliss misaRebi Sedegi ver

moutana. ruseTis, evropisa da amerikis daaxloebiT erTnairma poziciam,

romelic dialogis gziT dapirispirebis mogvarebas aniWebda upiratesobas,

xelisuflebas alternatiuli meTodebis mosinjva STaagona.” (“mTavari gazeTi”,

28.04.2004)

aSS-Si zurab Jvanias vizitis warmatebasa Tu warumateblobas presa

swored aslan abaSiZesTan dakavSirebiT amerikis poziciis Camoyalibebas

ukavSirebs. “aSS-Si vizitad myofi premieri Jvania ZiriTad yuradRebas swored

aWaris avtonomiasa da mis liderze amaxvilebs da cdilobs vaSingtoni

daarwmunos, rom aslan abaSiZe, “SevardnaZis xelisuflebis gadmonaSTi” da

“narko-trefikingis mamamTavari”, “korufciis winaaRmdeg mebrZol” axal

xelisuflebas seriozul problemebs uqmnis da, rogorc Cans, amerikis

oficialuri wreebisagan specoperaciis Catarebis “nebarTvas” iRebs.”

(“xvalindeli dRe”, 29.04.2004) presaSi sxvaganac gvxvdeba aseTi varaudi _

amerika, aWaris sakiTxis mSvidobiani mogvarebisken mowodebis garda, ar

gamoricxavs maT mier gawvrTnili batalionebis gamoyenebas saWiroebisamebr,

qveynis SigniT arsebuli viTarebis mosagvareblad. presis prognoziT, amgvari,

Tundac Teoriuli Sansi, saerTaSoriso mxardaWeris deficiti, mis winaaRmdeg

arsebuli wamgebiani sainformacio foni, aslan abaSiZisTvis marTlac SeiZleba

iqces Semdgomi kompromisis sababad.

Tavis mxriv, aslan abaSiZe aqtiurad iyenebs “yarsis kozirs” da ara

mxolod ruseTs, TurqeTsac axsenebs am xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebul

valdebulebebs. rusulma sainformacio saagento “interfaqsma” gaavrcela

interviu aslan abaSiZesTan. aWaris lideri Riad mouwodebs ruseTs, rom aseT

viTarebaSi man ubralod ki ar unda daicvas aWara, aramed valdebulia es

gaakeTos. abaSiZis TqmiT, “arsebobs yarsis SeTanxmeba, romelic Turqul

mxares avaldebulebs aWara daicvas. yarsamde iyo moskovis xelSekruleba,

romelic ruseTs imaves akisrebda.” (“dilis gazeTi”, 13.03.2004)

bunebrivia, am fonze presaSi gaaqtiurda yarsis xelSekrulebis Tema,

romlis komentirebisTvis Jurnalistebma iuristebs, istorikosebsa da

politologebs mimarTes. maTi mosazrebebi ase jgufdeba: erTni Tvlian, rom

179

xelSekruleba ukve Zaladakargulia, meoreni _ rom mainc angariSgasawevia,

oRondac im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aWaris avtonomiis gauqmebis sakiTxi dadgeba.

saerTaSoriso samarTlis profesoris, levan matariZis komentariT,

ruseTi yarsis xelSekrulebis monawile saxelmwifo ar aris, igi

molaparakebis monawilea; ruseTs, yarsis xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, aranairi

valdebuleba da movaleoba ar miuRia da wesiT, mas aWarasTan aranairi

valdebuleba-movaleobani ar akavSirebs; aWaris avtonomiis statusi, yarsis

xelSekrulebis mixedviT, bevrad ufro sxvanairad gamoiyureba, vidre

sinamdvileSia _ igi gulisxmobs ara erovnul-teritoriul avtonomias, aramed

administraciul, anu kulturul da religiur avtonomias; TurqeTis mxares

SeuZlia moiTxovos aWaris avtonomiis dacva, Tu masze uars vityviT, oRondac

xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli avtonomiis farglebSi; xelSekruleba ki ar

iTvaliswinebda parlaments, umaRles sabWos, prezidents... yarsis

xelSekruleba uvadoa da saqarTvelosa da TurqeTs aqvT misi denonsaciis

ufleba, magram sakiTxavia, am SemTxvevaSi daTanxmdeba Tu ara TurqeTi

saqarTvelosTvis aWaris dabrunebas; es saxifaTo perspeqtivaa. (“dilis

gazeTi”, 26.03.2004)

yarsis Temas ruseTic aaqtiurebs. “1921 wlis ruseT-TurqeTis moskovis

xelSekrulebis mixedviT, ruseTs SeuZlia aWaras saerTaSoriso subieqtis

statusi mianiWos”, _ acxadebs dsT-is qveynebis institutis xelmZRvaneli

mixail aleqsandrovi. (“jorjian Taimsi”, 18.03.2004) amasTan, presa, “baTumur

wyaroebze” dayrdnobiT, avrcelebs informaciebs, rom qobuleTis sanapiroze

rusi samxedroebi gamoCndnen; rom baTumis aeroportidan carieli sabrZolo

TviTmfrinavi afrinda da naSuaRamevs SeiaraRebuli samxedroebiT datvirTuli

ukan dabrunda; rom “baTumis rusul samxedro bazaze samxedro wrTvnebi

daiwyo”; rom baTumis portSi Sevida da gadmoitvirTa rusuli gemi, romelic

sabrZolo teqnikiTa da cecxlsasroli iaraRiT iyo savse”. (xvalindeli dRe”,

12.03.2004; “rezonansi”, 17.03.2004) Coloqis incidentamde aWaraSi saqarTvelos

vizis gareSeECamovida moskovis meri iuri luJkovi; mkveTrad antiqarTuli

ganwyobis rusi deputatebi _ andrei savelievi da viktor alqsnisi ColoqTan

SeiaraRebul mosaxleobas Sexvdnen da isini “gmirebad” gamoacxades.

meore mxriv, presa ganixilavs amerikasTan dakavSirebul aspeqtebs.

“mTavari gazeTi” aviTarebs versias, rom “prorusuli aWaruli anklavis moSla

okeanis miRma daigegma... saWiro iyo iseTi fonis Seqmna, romelic abaSiZis

xelisuflebis ruseTTan absolutur damokidebulebas gaaSiSvlebda da

politikuri arenidan prorusuli struqturis etapobrivi CamoSoreba

180

daiwyeboda... aSS-is saxelmwifo departamentis gancxadebis “mesijebi”: mowodeba

mSvidobisaken _ aslan abaSiZis sayuradRebod, miniSneba amerikelebis mier

gawvrTnil “komandosebsa” da pankisis warmatebul operaciaze _ ruseTisTvis;

“Sida frontze” Tbiliss baTumTan “omi” faqtobrivad mogebuli aqvs,

amerikelebma ician, rom axla “sagareo frontis” gaxsnis droa.” (“mTavari

gazeTi”, 19.03.2004) amave gazeTis mixedviT, arsebobs sapirispiro versiac _

romlis mixedviTac amerikelebi aWaris movlenebis gamo faqtis winaSe dadgnen

da sajarod pozicia imitom daafiqsires, rom saqarTvelos sagareo imiji

SeenarCunebinaT. magram es versia eWvs iwvevs Tundac imis gamo, rom

daujerebelia qveyanaSi, sadac situacias kargad akontrolebdnen, amerikul

diplomatias faqtis winaSe daeyenebina Tavi.

“Coloqis krizisze” TurqeTis “meoradi” gamoxmaurebac aSS-sTan

kavSirdeba. situaciis gamwvavebisas aslan abaSiZe da misi mxardamWerebi kidev

erTxel Seecadnen Tbilisze “Turquli TemiT” moexdinaT zewola. sapasuxod,

TurqeTis sagareo saqmeTa ministrma gaakeTa oficialuri gancxadeba, rom

ankara mxars uWers saqarTvelos centraluri xelisuflebis kurss da yvelam

pativi unda sces saqarTvelos teritoriul mTlianobas. Cveulebrivi

diplomatiuri formatis mqone am gancxadebis fonze Sokismagvari efeqti

moaxdina azerbaijanSi TurqeTis elCis gancxadebam imis Taobaze, rom

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi TurqeTi samxedro kontigents Seiyvans aWaris

teritoriaze. presaSi vxvdebiT informacias, rom rusebma es gancxadeba

miiCnies amerikelebTan SeTanxmebulad da saqarTvelos xelisuflebis

samxedro mxardaWeris tolfasad.

rac Seexeba ruseT-saqarTvelos oficialur urTierTmimarTebas: ruseTis

prezidentma vladimir putinma 27 marts, soWSi gamarTul brifingze,

mniSvnelovani yuradReba dauTmo saqarTvelos. misi gancxadebebi aSkarad

megobruli xasiaTis iyo. ruseTis prezidenti amtkicebda, rom araviTar

SemTxvevaSi ar Caereva saqarTvelos saSinao saqmeebSi da, aseve, gamoricxavda

aWaris problemis mogvarebaSi Carevas. ybadaRebuli yarsis xelSekruleba

putinmac moiSvelia ruseTis poziciebis gansamtkiceblad _ prezidentma

aRniSna, rom ruseTi am xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis erT-erTi garanticaa.

putinis am gancxadebebs win uZRoda prezident mixeil saakaSvilis mier

madlierebis gamoxatva moskovisa da piradad prezident putinisadmi _ aWaris

movlenebis gamo saqarTvelos mimarT dakavebuli poziciisTvis.

iurist daviT usufaSvilis komentariT, “amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi

SevardnaZesac imave pirobas uyenebda. ruseTTan urTierTobis gamwvaveba maT

181

dResac iseve ar aZlevT xels, rogorc adre. amerikasTan megobruli

urTierToba swored ruseTTan urTierTobis mSvidobiani mogvarebis gzaze

gadis.” (“kviris palitra”, 22.03.2004)

rogorc vxedavT, aWaris problema presaSi ar ganixileba mxolod

Sidasaxelmwifoebriv sakiTxad; saqarTvelos sagareo veqtorebisa da

prioritetebis gansazRvrisas aRar dgas alternativa _ aSS Tu ruseTi? axali

xelisuflebis mTavari amocanaa erTmaneTs warmatebiT Seuxamos sagareo

politikis sami ZiriTadi veqtori _ evropaSi integracia, ruseTTan

keTilmezobloba da amerikasTan sanimuSo partnioroba.

*

saqarTvelos parlamentis arCevis Semdeg saqarTvelos axali

xelisufleba dadga arCevanis winaSeE_ an unda daabrunos aWara saqarTvelos

sakonstitucio sivrceSi (rac abaSiZis Zalauflebis dasasruls niSnavs), an

SenarCundes wlebis ganmavlobaSi arsebuli orxelisuflebianoba, anu ormagi

sakonstitucio sivrce (rac miuRebelia mixeil saakaSvilisTvis).

aprilSi, sainformacio veli sakmaod gajerda agresiuli, Zalismieri

qmedebis momaswavebeli sagazeTo saTaurebiTa da mesijebiT: “aWaraSi

specoperacia dagegmilia” (“xvalindeli dRe”); “omi?! sabrZolo operaciis ra

sqemas xazaven samxedroebi aWaris Sturmis SemTxvevaSi” (“alia” pirvel

gverdze aqveynebs “sabrZolo rukas”); “cxaddeba sagangebo mdgomareoba”,

“aWaraSi specoperaciebis Catareba igegmeba” (“jorjian Taimsi”) da a.S.

amasTan, presaSi erTmaneTis paralelurad viTardeba provokaciuli

aqcentebi da konstruqciuli dialogisken mimarTuli gancxadebebi da orive

mxare arc Tu iSviaTad imowmebs mediis mier gavrcelebul informacias.

aWarasTan dakavSirebul mravalricxovan publikaciebSi, ikveTeba ori

mTavari aspeqti; erTi, rom centrsa da regions Soris dapirispirebis

gamwvaveba aZlierebs umarTavi procesebis ganviTarebis, permanentuli

dapirispirebis, procesebSi ruseTis arapirdapiri CarTvis da a.S safrTxes;

meores mxriv, ikveTeba xelisuflebis, piradad prezidentis pozicia, rom

es aris ara centrsa da regions Soris Seqmnili problema, aramed,

dapirispireba aWaris mmarTvel klanTan; mixeil saakaSvilis gancxadebiT, Tu

aslan abaSiZe ganiaraRdeba, aWaraSi demokratiuli procesebi daiwyeba. (“kviris

palitra”, 12.04.2004) igrZnoba, rom xelisuflebis strategiaa problemis

gadatana pirovnul aspeqtSi.

am fonze, gazeT “24 saaTSi” qveyndeba saqarTvelos prezidentis

komentari, romelSic igi ar gamoricxavs Zalismier moqmedebas: “provokaciebs

182

ar wamovegebiT. Cven rodis ra nabijebs gadavdgamT, es aravisTan

SesaTanxmebeli ar aris da xelisufleba Tavad miiRebs gadawyvetilebas”, _

acxadebs saakaSvili da ganmartavs, rom Zalis gamoyenebaze xelisufleba

fiqrobs, Tumca, mxolod ukidures SemTxvevaSi. (“24 saaTi”, 17.04.2004) unda

aRiniSnos, rom, faqtobrivad, es iyo pasuxi aWaris avtonomiis meTauris

qmedebaze, romelmac konfrontaciis gza arCia da uari ganacxada ukanono

SeiaraRebuli formirebebis ganiaraRebaze (aslan abaSiZe: “saxalxo razmelebs

iaraRi manam eqnebaT, sanam saqarTveloSi demokratia ar damyardeba”).

“centralur xelisuflebas aqvs yvela saTanado resursi regionSi

wesrigis dasamyareblad”, _ acxadebdnen aslan abaSiZesTan Sexvedris Semdeg

premier-ministri zurab Jvania da uSiSroebis sabWos mdivani vano merabiSvili.

warumatebeli aRmoCnda saqarTveloSi evrosabWos specialuri

warmomadgenlis plamen nikolovis mcdelobac, romelic ramdenime Tvis

ganmavlobaSi cdilobda mediatoris rolis Sesrulebas.

aWarisaTvis brZolis mesame etapze xelisufleba isev erTdroulad

aaqtiurebs saSinao da sagareo meqanizmebs.

“24 saaTi” iuwyeba: “Cveni aWaris” liderebma aRniSnes, rom prezidentTan

saubris Semdeg opozicia kidev ufro erTiani da koordinirebuli gaxda da

mzadaa aWaraSi masobrivi saprotesto aqciebis dasawyebad. koba xabazis

gancxadebiT, prezidenti abaSiZis winaaRmdeg politikur brZolas gaagrZelebs,

opozicia ki abaSiZes masobrivi saprotesto aqciebiT Seawuxebs.” (24 saaTi,

16.04.2004)

rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise saerTaSoriso arenaze aqtiurdeba aWaris

Tema narkotikebis konteqstSi:

“narkomaniisa da narkotikebiT ukanono vaWrobis sawinaaRmdegod

strasburgSi gamarTul Sexvedraze eqspertebma problemuri regionebis

CamonaTvalSi saqarTveloc daasaxeles. narkotranzitis erT-erT cxel

wertilad ki aWara saxeldeba. Tuki dadasturda aWaraSi narkotrafikis

arseboba, maSin gamoricxuli ar aris, am regionSi didZali iaraRis

warmomavlobac swored narkovaWrobas ukavSirdebodes. es Tema ramdenime

dRis win sagareo saqmeTa ministrma salome zurabiSvilmac wamoswia.

Sesabamisad, Zneli warmosadgeni ar aris, ra pozicias daikavebs

dasavleTi aWaris mimarT.” (“axali versia”, 19.04.2004)

“saqarTvelos Zalovani ministrebis gancxadebiT, cotac da aWaris

xelisufleba kolumbiis narkokartels daemsgavseba. generalur

prokuraturaSi acxadeben, rom narkobiznesis TvalsazrisiT, aWaris

183

avtonomiuri respublika erT-erTi soliduri regionia, sadac xdeba

rogorc narkotikebis gadazidva, ise narkotikebis warmoeba.”

(“rezonansi”, 21.04.2004)

aslan abaSiZem, am kampaniis sapasuxod, centrs daaswro, aWaris

uSiSroebis saministro gaauqma da ganacxada, rom saministros bazaze

antiteroristuli da antinarkotikuli centrebis Seqmnas apirebs.

saqarTvelos parlamentma, aWaraSi Seqmnili mZime kritikuli viTarebis

gamo, specialuri dadgenileba miiRo. “172 deputatis mxardaWerili

dadgenilebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos prezidentma da mTavrobam unda

uzrunvelyon qveynis erTiani konstituciuri sivrcis xelSeuxebloba, aWaris

avtonomiuri respublikis teritoriaze saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebis

mier konstituciur uflebamosilebaTa normaluri ganxorcielebis

SesaZlebloba da adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis aRkveTa”; aslan abaSiZem ki

ganacxada, rom “centraluri xelisufleba misi fizikuri ganadgurebis

operacias gegmavs da amgvari safrTxis Tavidan asacileblad ruseTisa da aSS-

is prezidentebs, ruseTis saTaTbirosa da aSS-is kongress mimarTavs da

centrsa da regions Soris konfliqtis mowesrigebis procesSiECarTvisaken

mouwodebs.” (“xvalindeli dRe”, “mTavari gazeTi”, 24.04.2004)

saqarTvelos xelisuflebis pirvelma pirebma baTumis 25-e brigadis

meTauri, generali dumbaZe qveynis mtrad da moRalated gamoacxades; misi

suraTebi prezidentis brZanebiT e.w. samarcxvino boZze gaakres. generlis

dapatimrebis brZaneba saqarTvelos uzenaesma sasamarTlom gasca da ganaCenis

gamotanidan erT saaTSi es gadawyvetileba mTel rig qveynebs ecnobaT.

“oficialuri Tbilisis aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia general dumbaZis gancxadebam

specialur brifingze, rom is aslan abaSiZes aRiarebs mTavarsardlad da mas

emorCileba. 25-e brigadis TiTqmis mTeli Semadgenloba TbilisSi Camovida da

centralur xelisuflebas daeqvemdebara.” (“axali Taoba”, 25.04.2004)

am faqtma centri-regionis konfrontaciaSi detonatoris roli

Seasrula. avtonomiuri respublikis senatma gadawyvetileba miiRo aWaraSi

komendantis saaTis amoqmedebis Taobaze. 25 aprils cnobili gaxda, rom aWaris

xelisuflebam Coloqis administraciul sazRvarze damatebiTi samxedro

Zalis mobilizeba daiwyo.” (“kviris palitra”, 26.04.2004)

sagento “inter-presi” avrcelebs cnobas baTumSi ramdenime aTeuli rusi

formianis Camosvlis Taobaze. “es xdeba im dros, roca oficialuri moskovi

irwmuneba, aWaris konfliqtSi ruseTi ar Caerevao. Tumca, rusi generaliteti,

maT Soris, cnobili Sovinisti generali alqsnisi putinis sawinaaRmdego

184

pozicias aviTarebs da ambobs, rom Tuki aWaraSi dislocirebul rus

samSvidoboebs nebismieri saxiT problemebi SeeqmnebaT, maT cecxlis gaxsnis

ufleba aqvT. alqsnisis am gamosvlas abaSiZisTvis sakeTildReo gagrZeleba

mohyva dumaSic”, _ werda “axali versia”. (“axali versia”, 26.04.2004)

“Coloqis administraciul sazRvarze daakaves da avtonomiis

teritoriaze ar SeuSves Tbilisidan gagzavnili 60 tona sasuqi. soflis

meurneobis ministri daviT ServaSiZe, romelic piradad miyveboda

tvirTs, amaod eTaTbira ColoqTan misul aWaris ministrTa sabWos

Tavmjdomares rostom jafariZes. abaSiZis xelisuflebam sasuqze uari

Tqva. sasuqis gareSe darCenili maRalmTiani raionebis _ qedis, xulosa

da Suaxevis mosaxleoba ki aprotestebs aWaris xelisuflebis

gadawyvetilebas da avtomagistralebze moZraobis paralizebiT imuqreba.

“Sewydes Coloqizacia” _ am lozungiT saprotesto aqcia moZraoba “Cveni

aWaris” ofisis win gaimarTa. aqciis organizatori opoziciuri moZraobis

mxardamWeri 50-mde qalbatoni iyo. saprotesto aqcia abaSiZis

rezidenciis winac gamarTa stiqiisagan dazaralebulma mravalSvilianma

ojaxma.” (“rezonansi”, 28.04.2004)

“aWaris meTaurs samxedroebis Semdeg politikuri gundis wevrebic

toveben. baTumis yofili meri aslan smirba abaSiZes ganudga da misi

gancxadebis mixedviT, aWaraSi daumorCileblobis erT-erT liderad unda

mogvevlinos.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 28.04.2004)

“abaSiZis reJimi nel-nela sustdeba da, Sesabamisad, axlovdeba dro,

rodesac isedac gaWianurebuli “aWaruli krizisi” unda gadawydes.

savaraudod, centralur xelisuflebas abaSiZis winaaRmdeg ori scenari

aqvs: pirveli _ mSvidobiani mini-revolucia, romlis Sedegadac,

xelSeuxeblobis garantiis safasurad, abaSiZem politika da saqarTvelo

nebiT unda datovos; meore scenariT, savaraudoa specoperaciis

Catareba.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 28.04.2004)

“parlamentis Tavdacvisa da uSiSroebis komitetis Tavmjdomarem givi

TargamaZem preskonferenciaze ganacxada, rom aWaraSi kvlav daiwyo

fizikuri angariSsworeba da parlamentar Tamaz diasamiZis dakavebis

faqtSi piradad monawileobda aWaris Ss ministri jemal gogitiZe.

saparlamento umravlesobis lideri maia nadiraZe mianiSnebs, rom

abaSiZis mmarTveloba droebiTia da saaTebs iTvlis.” (“axali Taoba”,

29.04.2004)

185

“did sirTules ar warmoadgens aWaris pirveli piris likvidacia, magram

Cven yvelafers vakeTebT, rom viTareba sisxlisRvris gareSe

gamoswordes. xolo, Tu iZulebulebi gavxdiT Zala gamoviyenoT, maSin

msxverpli minimaluri iqneba”, _ saqarTvelos Zalovani saministroebis

TanamSromlebi ukve Riad saubroben samxedro operaciis Catarebis

Sesaxeb.” (“jorjian Taimsi”, 29.04.2004)

presaSi asaxuli amgvari viTarebis fonze, 29 aprils, telekompania

“imedis” sainformacio gamoSvebaSi, aslan abaSiZem moulodneli

simSvidiTEganacxada, rom mxareebi dialogis formas unda daubrundnen _

eqspertebisa da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis warmomadgenelTa monawileobiT,

Caisa da yavis TanxlebiT. (t/k “imedi”, sainformacio programa “qronika”,

29.04.2004)

30 aprils ki, baTumSi, uzenaesi sasamarTlos win gamarTuli mitingi

erToblivi ZalisxmeviT daarbies specdaniSnulebis razmma, aWaris Sinagani

jaris nawilebma, policiam da samTavrobo dacvam. sasamarTlosTan Sekrebili

momitingeebi ukanonod dakavebuli “Cveni aWaras” liderebis da kidev ramdenime

piris gaTavisuflebas iTxovdnen. (“24 saaTi”, “xvalindeli dRe”, 01.05.2004)

politolog soso cincaZis komentariT, aslan abaSiZeEyvelafers akeTebs,

rom saakaSvili rogorme wyobidan gamoiyvanos da Secdoma daaSvebinos. miiRebs

Tu ara centraluri xelisufleba konfliqtis iaraRis ZaliT mogvarebis

gadawyvetilebas, ColoqTan saswrafod gaCndeba ruseTis jari, Tumca, ruseTis

droSis nacvlad, “aRorZinebis” droSas gadmokideben. cincaZis azriT, ar aris

saWiro saqarTvelos prezidentis garemocvis aCqareba. kursi, romelic

xelisuflebam aWaris lideris winaaRmdeg aiRo, gamarTlebulia; male abaSiZe

srul izolaciaSi aRmoCndeba; 20-30 dRis win alternativa ar Canda, axla ki,

Tu xelisufleba Tavis kurss Tanmimdevrulad ganaxorcielebs, Zalis

gamoyenebis aucilebloba Semcirdeba. (“xvalindeli dRe”, 01.05.2004)

warmodgenili suraTis fonze ukve moulodnelobad aRar aRiqmeba 2 maiss

Coloqisa da aWaris sazRvarTan mdebare ori xidis afeTqeba; rogorc qarTuli

telekompaniebi iuwyebodnen, abaSiZis samsaxurSi myofi gadamdgari generlis _

netkaCovis xelmZRvanelobiT da, savaraudod, aslan abaSiZis gankargulebiT.

sagangebod Sekrebil uSiSroebis sabWosTan moTaTbirebis Semdeg,

saqarTvelos prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili aslan abaSiZes 10 dRis vadas

aZlevs sakonstitucio sivrceSi dabrunebisa da ganiaraRebis dawyebisTvis.

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi itovebs uflebas gamoiyenos Tavisi saprezidento

uflebamosileba axali arCevnebis daniSvnis Taobaze da xalxs misces aWaris

186

xelisuflebis arCevis saSualeba; saqarTvelos prezidenti xazgasmiT

aRniSnavs rom laparakic ar aris avtonomiis statusis Secvlaze.

3 maiss gavrcelebuli informaciiT, aslan abaSiZe kvlav saubrobs

TbilisTan dialogze da acxadebs rom, xidebis afeTqeba prevenciuli

RonisZieba iyo Tbilisidan samxedro muqaris sapasuxod.

“xidebi afeTqebulia, ukandasaxevi gza moWrilia”, “abaSiZemEaWaris

mosaxleoba mZevlad aiyvana”, “feodali alyaSi”, “abaSiZe sakuTar teritoriaze

prezident saakaSvilis mZevalia” _ amgvari paTosiT aSuqebda gazeTi “axali

versia” 2 maiss, aWaris xelisufalTa brZanebiT, avtonomiis administraciul

sazRvarze xidebis afeTqebis faqts. (“axali versia”, 03.05.2004) afeTqebas win

uZRoda Coloqis administraciuli sazRvrisa da sarfis sabaJos Caketva da

aWaris xelisuflebis mier informaciis gavrceleba, rom foTis samxedro

wvrTnebis Semdeg centri Savi zRviT CaqvSi desantis gadasxmas apirebs.

aWaraSi daZabulobis eskalaciam piks miaRwia; baTumSi Sekrebili

mravalaTasiani mitingis monawileTa da aslan abaSiZis “specnazis” Sejaxebis

safrTxe, SesaZloa, realobad qceuliyo. magram, 2003 wlis noembris “vardebis

revoluciis” msgavsad, movlenebi mSvidobiani gziT ganviTarda _ aslan

abaSiZem xelisufleba da baTumi ukomentarod datova da “xelSeuxeblobis

garant” igor ivanovTan erTad moskovSi gafrinda, vaJiSvilsa da uaxloes

garemocvasTan erTad. presis SefasebiT, igor ivanovma meored Seasrula

saqarTveloSi saSuamavlo misia da amiT ruseTs regionSi Tavisi mniSvnelobis

dafiqsirebis saSualeba mieca.

presa maxvilgonivrulad SeniSnavs, rom “babuebis” (SevardnaZisa da

abaSiZis) qarizma Seiwira mSvidobianma revoluciebma da orive SemTxvevaSi es

giorgoba dRes moxda. saqarTvelos prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili ki, eqvs

TveSi ori usisxlo revoluciis liderobis wyalobiT, SesaZloa istoriis

saxelmZRvaneloebSic Sevides _ profesionali revolucioneris saxeliT.

xolo revoluciis mTavar mamoZravebel Zalad, noembris msgavsad, kvlav xalxi

dasaxelda.

ara mxolod am qveTavSi moSveliebuli sailustraciio masala, aramed,

saerTod am periodis presis analizi mowmobs, rom movlenebis ase ganviTareba

prognozirebadi iyo da garkveul kanonzomierebas emorCileboda. Cven

yuradRebas vamaxvilebdiT eqspertebis mosazrebaze, rom problema ara mxolod

aslan abaSiZeSia, arsebiTi problemaa mentaluri SeuTavsebloba, mdgomareoba,

roca erTi saxelmwifo erTdroulad Tvisobrivad sxvadasxva droSi da sxva

187

wyobis pirobebSi cxovrobs. am faqtors TavisTavad unda gamoewvia “Signidan

afeTqeba”, revoluciuri situaciis bunebrivi gagrZeleba aWaraSi.

daskvnis saxiT aRvniSnavT, rom “vardebis revoluciidan” moyolebuli,

vidre “aWaris revoluciamde” (presis termini) aWaris sakiTxi qarTuli presis

centraluri Tema iyo. ver vityviT, rom amjerad presa xels uwyobda centrsa

da regions Soris konfrontaciis gamwvavebas da daZabulobis eskalacias. es

is SemTxvevaa, roca TiTqmis yvela yoveldRiuri da yovelkvireuli gazeTi

informirebis amocanasac warmatebiT arTmevda Tavs da aWaris Temas

poziciebisa da aqcentebis maqsimaluri mravalferovnebiT aSuqebda.

aucileblad unda aRvniSnoT, rom aWaris movlenebis gaSuqebisas presas

aSkarad etyoba pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis amaRleba, saxelmwifoebrivi

ganwyoba, erTgvari sifrTxile faqtebis interpretaciisas da informaciiT

manipulirebis SeZlebisdagvarad minimalizeba.

ra Tqma unda, aWaris Temam male dakarga aqtualoba, magram cotaxans

kidev SemorCa presis furclebs, amjerad, aWaris avtonomiis momavlisa da

aslan abaSiZisagan gamoTavisuflebul saxelisuflo sivrceSi politikuri

konkurenciis sainformacio sababebiT.

saqarTveloSi jorj buSis vizitis rezonansi presaSi

aSS-is prezidentis, jorj buSis saqarTveloSi vizitis mizani da,

Sesabamisad, vizitis mniSvneloba, ramdenime ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT unda

ganvixiloT:

o uSualod saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaSi

o regionTan mimarTebaSi

o axali geopolitikuri realobis konteqstSi

am SemTxvevaSi CvenTvis aTvlis wertili saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaa,

magram mTlianobaSi aSS-is prezidentis viziti aRmosavleT evropaSi mediaSi

ganixileba regionis transformaciis, axali axlo aRmosavleTis formirebis,

dasavleTis politikuri Rirebulebebisa da institutebis aRmosavleTisken

gadatanisa da sxva Sorsmimavali strategiuli miznebis erTobliobaSi.

axal geopolitikur realobaSi politikuri eqspertebi gulisxmobdnen

dasavleTis mier mZlavri “geopolitikuri kedlis” (romelic unda gaxdes

nato-ruseTis sazRvari) aRmarTvas _ baltiidan kavkasiamde da kavkasiidan

centraluri aziisaken; geopolitikuri RerZis qvakuTxedi qveynis roli

saqarTvelos akisria; rogorc eqspertebi aRniSnavdnen, SemTxveviTi ar iyo,

188

rom Tavisi turne prezidentma buSma swored am geopolitikuri RerZis

qveynebze aago, amasTan, turnes marSrutiT moaxdina imis demonstrireba, Tu

ramdenad mniSvnelovania dRes misTvis saqarTvelo.

am bolo mosazrebas adasturebs “vaSington Taimsis” publikacia,

romelsac gazeTi “rezonansi” imowmebs aSS-is prezidentis vizitis Sefasebisas:

“kavkasiis respublikaSi buSis viziti imaze mianiSnebs, rom mas axsovs

saqarTvelo. es interesi ganpirobebulia strategiuli logikiT: saqarTvelo

esazRvreba CeCneTs da masze gadis milsadeni, romelic kaspiis sanavTobo

sabadoebs msoflio bazrebTan akavSirebs. saqarTvelos strategiuli

mdebareoba am patara qveyanas aSS-is energetikuli sagareo politikis

komponentad aqcevs.” (“rezonansi”, 12.05.2005)

vizitis mizanze msjelobisas, qarTul presaSi globaluri politikis

aspeqtebze metad, konkretuli aqcentebi ikveTeba, umTavresad _ regionSi

ruseTis Seviwroebisa da iranis winaaRmdeg placdarmad saqarTvelos SesaZlo

gamoyenebis amocana. qarTveli samxedro eqspertebi aRniSnaven, rom iran-

amerikis urTierTobaSi saqarTvelos wvlili mizeruli namdvilad ar aris,

magram am rolis gazviadebac ar Rirs. sayuradReboa, rom politikuri

gaTvlebisTvis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT, vaSingtonisTvis albaT saqarTvelo

bevrad ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre samxedro TvalsazrisiT. presis

formulirebiT, amerikas saqarTvelo “iranTan mSvidobianad dasamegobreblad”

sWirdeba (am Temas SevexeT qveTavSic _ “sagareo Temis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi”).

buSis vizitis wina periodSi, aprilSi, saqarTveloSi iranis vice

premierisa da biznesmenTa delegaciis stumroba presam alogikurad miiCnia

(“megobroba Tu Ralati, xelisuflebis ucnauri TamaSebi: win dasavleTisaken...

iranTan erTan”); buSis vizitidan mokle xanSi ki TbilisSi, amerikuli

dafinansebiT, qarTul sacavebSi daculi iranuli kulturis iSviaTi nimuSebi

_ Y”yajarTa portretebi” gamoifina _ iraneli stumrebisa da yajaruli

xelovnebis eqspertis, cnobili amerikeli profesoris (iranuli warmoSobis)

monawileobiT. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT iranTan saqarTvelos warmatebul

ekonomikur urTierTobebs, keTilmezoblur damokidebulebas da iranSi

mcxovrebi fereidneli qarTvelebis faqtors (romlis SesaZlo gamoyenebaze

aSS-is xelisuflebis mier, presa jer kidev 2004 wels mianiSnebda),

zemoxsenebuli versia arc Tu ise usafuZvlod JRers.

aSS-is prezidentis vizitis winaperiodi da Semdgomi, sainformacio

gamoxmaurebis TvalsazrisiT, erTi saerTo maxasiaTebliT _ emociuri

damokidebulebis primatiT gamoirCeva; Tumc, winaperiodi ufro maJorulia

189

(ragind paradoqsuladac unda JRerdes es mosazreba), vidre vizitis Semdgomi.

SesaZloa, esec igive emociuri faqtoriT avxsnaT _ qarTuli sazogadoeba,

rogorc sainformacio suraTi cxadyofs, umTavresi problemebis gadawyvetis

imeds buSis vizitze amyarebda da, Tanac, dauyovnebliv.

arsebuli molodinis mTavari ganmsazRvreli, rogorc Cans, mainc is iyo,

rom buSi SeaSinebda ruseTs, Sesabamisad _ afxaz da os separatist liderebs,

da misi viziti safuZvlad daedeboda ruseTis samxedro bazebis gayvanisa da

saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis problemis uswrafes mogvarebas.

vizitis Semdgomi rezonansi saqarTvelos sainformacio sivrceSi

mosalodnelze xanmokle da zedapiruli iyo (vidre, vTqvaT, konkretuli,

personaluri saxelisuflebo dapirispirebis rezonansia xolme) da, ZiriTadad,

buSis verbaluri da araverbaluri komunikaciis ganxilvas eZRvneboda, ori

ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT _ qarTvelebma “kulturul SokSi” CavagdeT buSi,

gadavrieT xinkliT da, saerTod, stumarTmoyvruli da uCveulod

keTilganwyobili daxvedriT; buSi aseTi aravis unaxavs! meore mxriv, erTgvari

angarebiTi molodini _ aba vnaxoT, ras gagvikeTebs sanacvlod.

sxvaTaSoris, amerikis prezidentis mimarT qarTvelebis gansakuTrebuli

damokidebuleba ucxouri mediasaSualebebis yuradRebis centrSic moeqca,

oRondac, ara mxolod qarTuli sufrisa da kulturis Sefasebis konteqstSi:

“buSi enTuziazmiT iyo aRsavse, radgan Tbilisuri daxvedra bevrad

gansxvavdeboda im saprotesto aqciebisagan, romlebiTac mas sxvadasxva

qveynebSi miegebnen”, _ werda gazeTi “gardiani”, saagento “asoSieited presze”

dayrdnobiT. (“alia”, 10.05.2005)

“TiTqmis yvelgan var namyofi, sadac buSi prezidentis rangSi yofila,

magram aqaurma daxvedram yovelgvar molodins gadaaWarba. es iyo yvelaze

uTbilesi daxvedra, rac mas odesme hqonia”, _ komentars akeTebs si-en-en-is

korespondenti maikl benigani. (“24 saaTi”, 11.05.2005)

”moskovski komsomolecma” publikacia ase daasaTaura _ “jorj

Zlevamosilma buSma saqarTveloSi kargad moilxina”: buSi ise SeZra

aborigenebis cekvebma, rom iq daaxloebiT erTi saaTi darCa. sul male man

musikis hangebze taSis kvra da Tavis qnevac daiwyo, bolos ki yvelasaTvis

moulodnelad erTi cekvis dros scenaze avida da mocekvaveebs xeli

CamoarTva. protokoli SemdegSic araerTxel dairRva: buSi da saakaSvili

restoranSi dagegmili 30-40 wuTis nacvlad, saaTnaxevari darCnen. buSis

Tavgadasavlebi saqarTveloSi meore dRes gagrZelda da masobrivi uwesrigoba

gamoiwvia.” (“axali versia”, 13.05.2005)

190

gazeTma “24 saaTma”, publikaciaSi _ “jorj buSis viziti dasavluri

mediis TvaliT”, Tavi mouyara ucxouri mediis Sefasebebs: “saqarTvelo _

Tavisuflebis Suqura”; “buSi saqarTveloSi ruseTis gasaRizianeblad”; “buSi

xotbas asxams qarTul demokratias”; “aSS saqarTvelosTan erTad”

Tavisuflebis gziT ivlis” _ aseTi saTaurebiT iuwyebodnen dasavluri

sainformacio saSualebebi amerikis prezidentis saqarTveloSi vizitis

Sesaxeb... sainformacio saagento “bi-bi-si”: “preskonferenciaze amerikis

prezidentma “vardebis revolucias” Tanamedrove istoriis mniSvnelovani

momenti uwoda. buSis TqmiT, am usisxlo revoluciam mTel msoflioSi

aRafrTovana xalxi”. TbilisSi myofi “bi-bi-si”-s korespondentis TqmiT ki,

saqarTvelo TvalsaCino magaliTs warmoadgens amerikis sagareo politikis

ZiriTadi mimarTulebis _ demokratiis mTels msoflioSi gavrcelebis

TvalsazrisiT... msoflios yvela met-naklebad cnobili mediasaSualeba aSS-is

lideris saqarTveloSi vizitis emociuri datvirTviT iwyebs movlenis

gaSuqebas. aSkaraa dasavluri presis gakvirveba _ amerikel liders xom arcTu

didi pativiT xvdebian evropelebi. guSindeli dRis erTi TvalSisacemi momenti

is iyo, rom TiTqmis yvela seriozuli gamocema nakleb adgils uTmobs

movlenis politikur analizs da mxolod vizitis aRweriT Semoifargleba.

albaT, es gasagebicaa _ jorj buSis saqarTveloSi Camosvla mniSvnelovani

gzavnili iyo, romelic garkveul analizs saWiroebs.” (“24 saaTi”, 11.05.2005)

am umniSvnelovanesi vizitis anturaJis dawvrilebiT ganxilva qarTuli

Tu ucxouri mediis mier, erTis mxriv, bunebrivicaa; rac Seexeba analizs, es

qarTuli presis “aqilevsis quslia”; magram saerTo fonze gamoirCeva gazeTi

“24 saaTi” (SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom “rezonansic”), romelmac amjeradac moaxerxa

vizitis Sedegebis gaanalizeba, am procesSi qarTveli da ucxoeli eqspertebis

maqsimaluri CarTviT.

pirvel yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia zbignev bJezinskis eqskluziuri interviu

gazeT “24 saaTisTvis”. misi mosazrebebi ara mxolod naTels hfens

saqarTveloSi buSis vizitisa da mis mier warmoTqmuli sityvebis

mniSvnelobas, aramed, erTgvarad avsebs kidec da, Cveni azriT, aranaklebad

mniSvnelovan mesijebsac Seicavs:

“yvelaze mniSvnelovani cvlileba, romelic moxda, xelisuflebaSi axali

Taobis mosvlaa. axali politikuri liderebi gacilebiT naklebad arian

sabWoTa periodis produqtebi, vidre maTi winamorbedebi. magram es

weliwadnaxevris win moxda. axla ki saWiroa gamarTuli sistemis SeqmniTa da

praqtikuli politikis gziT imis demonstrireba, rom saqarTveloSi

191

demokratia moqmedi realobaa. saqarTvelos axalma demokratiam unda

daarwmunos saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba, rom mas Seswevs unari, moagvaros is

problemebi, romelic sabWoTa kavSirma dautova. warsulis narCenebi, maT

Soris separatizmi, ar unda ganixilebodes, rogorc normaluri movlena. am

konteqstSi, saqarTvelom aseve unda daarwmunos saerTaSoriso Tanamegobroba,

rom misi demokratia mtkicea, rom is emyareba ara emociebs, aramed

konstituciiT gamyarebul kanonmorCil sistemas. saqarTvelos xelisuflebam

unda aCvenos, rom rogorc sagareo, ise saSinao politikaSi misi

gadawyvetilebebi momwifebul, pasuxismgeblobiT savse, kargad gaazrebul

politikas eyrdnoba da ara emociur, mkveTr da radikalur Jestebs.” (24 saaTi”,

17.05.2005)

aseve sayuradReboa kolumbiis universitetis profesorisa da sagareo

urTierTobaTa sabWos ufrosi eqspertis, stiven sestanoviCis Sefaseba: “me

vfiqrob, rom saqarTvelom aCvena erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani politikuri,

socialuri da inteleqtualuri dinamizmi, romelsac adgili aqvs yofil

sabWoTa respublikebSi.” amasTan, sestanoviCi yuradRebas amaxvilebs im

problemebze, romlebic, SesaZloa, saqarTveloSi demokratiis ganviTarebas

Seeqmnas: “Cven viciT, arsebobs pretenziebi, rom parlamenti ar aris

pluralisturi, problemebia mediaSi, iseve rogorc samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi.

axla Cven vcdilobT, SevafasoT, aris es Cveulebrivi pretenziebi, romelic

yvela demokratias axasiaTebs, Tu saxezea marTlac Zalauflebis zedmeti

konsolidacia, rac demokratiisTvis safrTxis Semcveli SeiZleba iyos. da Tu

Zalauflebis es konsolidacia ar Seicavs safrTxes, romelic momavalSi

problemebs Seuqmnis demokratias, maSin amerikaSi aRelvebis safuZvelic ar

iqneba. patara qveynisTvis Zalian Znelia, amerikis SeerTebuli StatebisTvis

geopolitikuri mniSvneloba SeinarCunos, Tu mas demokratiuli faseulobebi

ar gaaCnia. saqarTvelosTan Cvenma urTierTobam aCvena, rom maSinac ki, rodesac

patara saxelmwifo xar, Tu Sen atareb igive Rirebulebebs da gaqvs igive

xedva, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis Tanasworuflebiani partniori xar.” (“24

saaTi”, 24.05.2005)

yuradReba mivaqcioT bJezinskisa da sestanoviCis saerToOTvalsazriss _

saqarTvelom, praqtikuli politikis gziT, unda moaxdinos imis demonstrireba,

rom saqarTveloSi demokratia moqmedi realobaa; unda ecados, rom

Zalauflebis koncentraciiT ar Seuqmnas safrTxe demokratias; unda

daarwmunos saerTaSoriso Tanamegobroba, rom misi demokratia mtkicea; rom

mas Seswevs unari, moagvaros sabWoTa kavSiris mier datovebuli problemebi

192

(maT Soris, separatizmis problema). sxvanairad, aseT patara qveyanas

gauWirdeba amerikis SeerTebuli StatebisTvis geopolitikuri mniSvneloba

SeinarCunos.

gavixsenoT, rom “vardebis revoluciamdec”, 2003 wlis saparlamento

arCevnebis wina periodSi, presaSi aqtiurad musirebda qarTveli da ucxoeli

politikosebisa da eqspertebis saerTo Tvalsazrisi, rom saqarTvelos

kapitali demokratiaa, rom mas, azerbaijanisagan gansxvavebiT, aravin apatiebs

demokratiuli faseulobebis Selaxvas.

albaT zedmeti ar iqneba imis gaxsenebac, rom bJezinskis mier

modelirebul evraziis “did saWadrako dafaze”, mTavari geostrategiuli

figurebis (safrangeTi, germania, ruseTi, CineTi da indoeTi) gverdiT,

”principulad mniSvnelovan geopolitikur centrebad” saxeldeba ukraina,

azerbaijani, samxreT korea, TurqeTi da irani (am kvalifikaciaSi, rogorc

Tavad bJezinski aRniSnavs, ar xvdeba iseTi didmniSvnelovani qveynebi,

rogoricaa didi britaneTi, iaponia da indonezia). (12, 56)

Tu erTmaneTTan davakavSirebT, erTis mxriv:

regionis transformaciis, axali axlo aRmosavleTis formirebis,

dasavleTis politikuri Rirebulebebisa da institutebis aRmosavleTisken

gadatanisa da sxva Sorsmimavali strategiuli miznebis erTobliobas; amocanas

_ dasavleTis mier mZlavri “geopolitikuri kedlis” (romelic unda gaxdes

nato-ruseTis sazRvari) aRmarTvisa _ baltiidan kavkasiamde da kavkasiidan

centraluri aziisaken;

meores mxriv, TbilisSi prezident buSis mier warmoTqmuli sityvebis

mesijebs: “imedismomcemi cvlilebebi _ baRdadidan beiruTamde da beiruTidan

biSkekamde... Tavisufleba Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvisken, sparseTis yureSi da

ufro Sorsac miiwevs; es TqveniT aris gamowveuli da Tqveni warmatebis

magaliTze maTac didi imedi eZlevaT... qarTul miwaze danTebuli cecxli

mTel msoflioSi Rvivdeba.”

da amas davumatebTYstiven sestanoviCis “formulas”, rom “patara

qveynisTvis Zalian Znelia, amerikis SeerTebuli StatebisTvis geopolitikuri

mniSvneloba SeinarCunos, Tu mas demokratiuli faseulobebi ar gaaCnia”,

erTad moiyris Tavs ara mxolod buSis evropuli turnesa da saqarTveloSi

vizitis mizani da mniSvneloba, aramed is roli da funqciac, rac “vardebis

revoluciam” ganusazRvra saqarTvelos. oRondac, xazgasmiT aRvniSnavT, rom

esaa ara “saWadrako dafiT” miniWebuli, aramed “demokratiis sanimuSo qveynis”

roliT SeZenili funqcia. sxvaTa Soris, erTaderTi postulati, rac

193

ucvlelad figurirebs sainformacio amindis Semqmnel qarTul mediaSi bolo

wlebis manZilze, swored isaa, rom saqarTvelos kapitali demokratiaa.

(amgvari Tvalsazrisis ganviTarebis uflebas isev presa gvaZlevs,

romlis calkeul masalebSi zogjer SeuZlebelia logikis moxelTeba, magram

erTobliobaSi, analitikuri ganxilvisas, bevri sayuradRebo ram ikveTeba).

vizitis mniSvnelobaze msjelobisas presaSi figurirebs Tvalsazrisi,

rom TavisTavad vizitis faqti mTavari mesijia sxva qveynebisTvis, upirvelesad

_ ruseTisTvis, rom amieridan saqarTvelosTan urTierTobisas dabalansebuli

politika unda awarmoon; rom viziti safuZvlad daedeba regionSi

saqarTvelos rolis gamokveTas.

aSS-is saxelmwifo mdivnis, kondoliza raisis SefasebiT, saqarTveloSi

aSS-is prezidentis jorj buSis vizitis mTavari mizani aSS-is mxridan

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis, teritoriuli mTlianobis da misi axalgazrda

demokratiisaTvis mxardaWeris demonstrireba iyo.

gazeT “24 saaTTan” interviuSi zbignev bJezinski ambobs, rom “prezident

buSis viziti rigasa da TbilisSi did strategiul mesijs atarebda. es mesiji

ki aseTia – ruseTma pativi unda sces Tavisi mezoblebis politikur

damoukideblobasa da teritoriul mTlianobas. es aris fundamenturad

mniSvnelovani mesiji. (“24 saaTi”, 17.05.2005)

rusi politologi sergei markovi ki acxadebs, rom: “buSis vizitis

dakavSireba Tbilisis poziciis erTmniSvnelovan mxardaWerasTan politikuri

Secdoma iqneboda”: “vfiqrob, am vizits ramdenime Sedegi aqvs. upirvelesad,

buSma srulad dauWira mxari saqarTvelos moqmed xelisuflebas mis

swrafvaSi evroatlantikuri integraciisken, nato-sa da evrokavSirTan

maqsimaluri TanamSromlobisaken. man, aseve, dauWira mxari saqarTvelos

xelisuflebis im ideologiur Tezisebs, romlebic am swrafvas ukavSirdeba,

kerZod – qveyanaSi Tavisuflebisa da demokratiis ganviTarebis aucileblobas.

garda amisa, aSS-is prezidentma mTlianobaSi mxari dauWira saqarTvelos

pozicias rig gadamwyvet sakiTxebSi, rogoric aris afxazeTTan da samxreT

oseTTan urTierTobebi da saqarTveloSi ruseTis samxedro bazebis problema.

imavdroulad, jorj buSma gadaxeda Tavis pozicias da ruseTis interesebis

lobistis rolSi mogvevlina, miuTiTa ra saqarTvelos xelisuflebas, rom es

problemebi (rusuli bazebi da avtonomiebTan urTierTobebi) mxolod

mSvidobiani molaparakebebis gziT unda mogvardes. amiT man garkveulwilad,

arapirdapir gaakritika saqarTvelos xelmZRvaneloba... ar aris aucilebeli,

yvelgan, sadac igeben amerikelebi, waagon rusebma. vgulisxmob saqarTvelos

194

samxedro moqmedebebs afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTSi, romelTac me

kolonialur avantiurebs vuwodeb. miviCnev, rom afxazeTi arasodes yofila

saqarTvelos nawili. is yovelTvis iyo saqarTvelos nawili didi ruseTis

imperiis SemadgenlobaSi. es istoriuli faqtia.” (“xvalindeli dRe”, 12.05.2005)

gazeTi “xvalindeli dRe” wers, rom “separatistebi amerikis prezidentis

vizitiT gamowveuli SeSfoTebis dafarvas cdiloben”. amerika saqarTvelos

teritoriul mTlianobas aRiarebs da sxva saxelmwifoebsac mouwodebs, pativi

scen saqarTvelos suverenitets – aseTi Sinaarsisa iyo buSis mimarTvis erT-

erTi nawili. rogorc irkveva, afxazuri da osuri mxare am gancxadebam

seriozulad Seafiqriana da originaluri gamosavalic apovnina: soxumsa da

cxinvalSi fiqroben, rom buSma diplomatiurad da SefarviT, magram mainc

gamoxata, rom “pativs scems osi da afxazi xalxis swrafvas demokratiisa da

Tavisuflebisaken”. (“xvalindeli dRe”, 12.05.205)

amasTan, aSS-is prezidentis viziti, qarTuli da ucxouri presis

SefasebiT, kargi fiari iyo ara mxolod saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da misi

xelisuflebisTvis, aramed, Tavad jorj buSisTvisac.

am TvalsazrisiT sagulisxmoa “niu iork Taimsis” saredaqcio statia,

saTauriT _ “ra SemTxvevaSi miaCniaT amerikaSi prezidentis viziti

warmatebulad”: “sasiamovno sanaxavi iyo, rogor Tbilad xvdebodnen prezident

buSs latviis dedaqalaq rigaSi, ra zRva xalxi miizida man saqarTvelos

dedaqalaq TbilisSi. Tumca, yofili sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebSi Tavisi turnes

Sedegad man zedmiwevniT miaRwia mizans mxolod im sferoSi, rac exeba

urTierTobebs sazogadoebriobasTan, magram ver miaRwia arsebiT sakiTxSi.

roca ruseTze vsaubrobT, amerikisTvis umTavresi sagangaSo sakiTxi –

birTvuli usafrTxoebaa da am frontze, rogorc Cans, vizitisas araviTari

warmatebisTvis ar migviRwevia.” (“xvalindeli dRe”, 12.05.2005)

gazeT “24 saaTSi” gamoqveynebul statiaSi _ “buSi STabeWdilebebs

kongress uziarebs”, moxmobilia aSS-is prezidentis sityvebi _ “fantastikuri

SegrZnebaa, idge 150 aTasi, Tavisuflebis moyvaruli adamianis winaSe", Tumca,

aRniSnulia rom buSma gacilebiT meti dro dauTmo moskovSi miRebuli

STabeWdilebebis gaziarebas. samagierod, “aSS-is saxelmwifo mdivnis

teleintervius gacilebiT “emociuri” nawili saqarTveloSi vizitis

STabeWdilebebis moyolas mieZRvna. lari kingma saxelmwifo mdivans

“xelyumbaris istoriazec” sTxova komentaris gakeTeba, razec qalbatoni

raisis pasuxi sakmaod mSvidi iyo _ “amis Sesaxeb mogvianebiT SevityveT.

cxadia, gamoZieba mimdinareobs. vfiqrob, saqarTvelos uSiSroebis samsaxuri

195

Cvens uwyebasTan erTad imuSavebs imis gasagebad, Tu ra moxda. magram es

SemTxveva veranairad Secvlis imas, rac iq xdeboda; da minda giTxraT, rom

Zalian amaRelvebeli iyo moedanze yofna”. (“24 saaTi”, 13.05.2005)

rac Seexeba xelyumbaras, gazeTi “xvalindeli dRe” moswrebulad wers,

rom “aufeTqebeli xelyumbara msoflio presis furclebze afeTqda”:

“informacia, rom 10 maiss, prezident buSis Tbilisuri vizitisas,

Tavisuflebis moedanze misi sityviT gamosvlamde arcTu didi xniT adre,

tribunidan 30 metris daSorebiT viRacam xelyumbara isrola, pirvelad

rusulma saagentoebma gaavrceles. guSin gancxadeba gaavrcela TeTrma saxlma,

rom xelyumbara, romelic TbilisSi, Tavisuflebis moedanze aSS-is

prezidentis jorj buSis gamosvlis dros aRmoaCines, prezidentisTvis

safrTxes ar warmoadgenda.” (“xvalindeli dRe”, 12.05.2005)

yuradRebas mivaqcevT erT informacias, romelic “yviTeli

Seferilobisaa”, magram saWirod CavTvaleT misi moSvelieba saerTo mozaikis

Sesaqmnelad. “buSis vizitis dReebSi muzeumidan firosmanis Sedevrebi

saidumlo viTarebaSi gaitanes”, _ gavamcnobs “jorjian Taimsi”. “buSi

saqarTveloSi Camovida: qarTul ritms sxeuli moxdenilad aayola, 19-naoWiani

xinkali “repeteTi” miirTva da “gamZRari” gafrinda! sxvaTa Soris, amerikis

prezidenti mxolod qarTuli kerZebiT ar danayrebula, Tan uamravi

politikuri saCuqari, Zveli qarTuli wignebi da ferweruli Sedevrebic

gaiyola.” (“jorjian Taimsi”, 12.05.205)

niSandoblivia, rom vizitis gaSuqebisas amjerad qarTul presaSi

yuradReba ar maxvildeba mosalodnel materialur daxmarebasa Tu yofis

gaumjobesebis pragmatul interesze. presaSi figurirebs Tvalsazrisi, rom

saqarTvelo moeqceva Zalian didi yuradRebis qveS mTeli msoflios mxridan,

Sesabamisad, es amcirebs im saSiSroebas, rom xelisuflebam arademokratiuli

gziT gaagrZelos moqmedeba. amasTan, viziti Sefasebulia, rogorc Zalian kargi

reklama zogadad qveynis, qarTuli biznesisa da qarTuli produqciisaTvis;

rogorc winapiroba qveynis arasandoobis koeficientis kidev ufro

Semcirebisa da ucxouri investiciebis raodenobis mniSvnelovani zrdisaTvis

da a.S.

presis analitikur publikaciebSi, erTi mxriv, ikveTeba Tvalsazrisi, rom

Cveni qveynis mosaxleobas am vizitTan dakavSirebiT gadametebuli molodini

hqonda; buSis viziti saqarTvelosTvis mxolod avansad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.

mkafioa amerikis prezidentis poziciac _ is megobari qveynisTvis daTvuri

samsaxuris gawevas ar apirebs, amitom Cveni gasakeTebeli Tavadve unda

196

gavakeToT. amerikis daxmarebis formati ara ruseTTan dapirispirebis, aramed

TanamSromlobis pirobebSi unda warimarTos – is, risi miRwevac SeiZleba

mSvidobiani gziT, konfrontaciis mizezi ar unda gaxdes.

meore mxriv, qarTvel eqspertTa SefasebiT, buSis viziti

damagvirgvinebeli etapia im samuSaosi, rac saqarTvelo-ruseTis saboloo

gamijvnisTvis mimdinareobda, anu moskovi nel-nela Seagues azrs, rom

saqarTvelos daTmoba mouwevda. jorj buSis viziti niSnavs, rom amerika Tavis

geopolitikur interesebze uaris Tqmas ar apirebs. amerikas kavkasiaSi Zlieri

partniori sWirdeba. amitom mis interesebSi saqarTvelos teritoriuli

mTlianobac Sedis. amdenad, SeiZleba imis prognozireba, rom dakarguli

teritoriebi uaxloes oTx-xuT weliwadSi davibrunoT. Tumc, es imazec iqneba

damokidebuli, ramdenad sworad Seasrulebs qarTuli mxare ucxoel eqspertTa

rekomendaciebs, rogor saxelmwifo politikas warmarTavs separatistuli

regionebis mosaxleobasTan, ramdenad principuli da Sedegiani iqneba

kontrabandasTan brZola, ra strategias daupirispirebs saqarTvelos

xelisufleba CrdiloeTidan mosalodnel provokaciebs da a.S. nebismieri

uxeSi Secdoma, romelsac am procesSi xelisufleba dauSvebs, momentalurad

iqneba gamoyenebuli ruseTis mier da xels SeuSlis Cvens dasavlel

partniorebs.

am zogadi suraTis fonze, Cveni azriT, uaRresad mniSvnelovania presis

Sefasebebis Sejereba TbilisSi prezident buSis mier warmoTqmuli sityvebis

(parlamentSi gamarTul brifingsa da Tavisuflebis moedanze) ZiriTad

mesijebsa da sakvanZo sityvebTan.

ZiriTadi mesijebi:

Tqven liderebi xarT!

saqarTvelo _ sanimuSo magaliTia regionSi

“vardebis revolucia” Zlieri momenti iyo Tanamedrove istoriaSi

saqarTvelo Tavisufali da damoukidebeli qveyanaa

Tqveni yvelaze mniSvnelovani wvlili Tqvenive magaliTia

Tqveni qveyana aSS-is erT-erTi seriozuli mokavSirea

Tqven demokratiul sazogadoebas aSenebT

amMaxal saqarTveloSi kanonis uzenaesoba gaimarjvebs da Tavisufleba

TiToeuli moqalaqis ufleba iqneba

Tqven irCevT Tavisufal momavals da igive miznis ganxorcielebaSi

sxva qveynebsac exmarebiT

197

Tavisufali sazogadoebis Seneba Taobebis samsaxuria

15 weli dasWirda brZolas, sanam am qveyanaSi Tavisufleba da

samarTlianoba moikidebda fexs

imedismomcemi cvlilebebi _ baRdadidan beiruTamde da beiruTidan

biSkekamde

Tavisufleba Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvisken, sparseTis yureSi da ufro

Sorsac miiwevs; es TqveniT aris gamowveuli da Tqveni warmatebis

magaliTze maTac didi imedi eZlevaT

qarTul miwaze danTebuli cecxli mTel msoflioSi Rvivdeba

Tavisufali sazogadoebebi xom mSvidobian sazogadoebebs warmoadgenen

rogorc Tavisufal qveynebs, amerikasa da saqarTvelos didi

pasuxismgebloba akisriaT

Cveni movaleobebic TavisuflebisaTvis globalur brZolaSi iwyeba

udidesi qarTveli patrioti zurab Jvania _ globaluri demokratiuli

revoluciis didi lideri gaxda

saqarTvelos liderebma ician, rom konfliqtebis mSvidobiani mogvareba

aucilebelia transatlantikur aliansSi integraciisaTvis

saqarTvelos damoukideblobasa da teritoriul mTlianobas yvela

qveyana unda scemdes pativs

Cven gvyavs transatlantikuri megobrebi saqarTveloSi da yovelTvis

dagexmarebiT Tqveni miznebis misaRwevad

Tqven gyavT megobrebi amerikaSi

Tavisufali da demokratiuli qveynis Senebisas amerikeli xalxi Tqvens

gverdiTaa! (jorj buSis sityva, warmoTqmuli TbilisSi, Tavisuflebis

moedanze, gamoqveynebulia gazeT “24 saaTSi”, 11.05.2005; brifingze

warmoTqmuli sityva _ gazeT “saqarTvelos respublikaSi”, 11.05.2005)

sakvanZo sityvebi

buSi saakaSvili

Tavisufleba, Tavisufali – 30 Tavisufleba, Tavisufali _ 20

saqarTvelo, qarTveli _ 28 saqarTvelo, qarTveli _ 43

amerika, amerikelebi _ 9 amerika, amerikelebi _ 18

demokratia _ 8 demokratia _ 11

198

mSvidoba, mSvidobiani _ 8 mSvidoba, mSvidobiani _ 3

revolucia, revoluciuri _ 5 revolucia, revoluciuri _ 1

damoukidebloba _ 4 damoukidebloba _ 1

nato _ 4 nato _ 3

pasuxismgebloba _ 3 pasuxismgebloba _ 3

istoria, istoriuli _ 3 istoria, istoriuli _ 8

megobroba, megobari _ 3 megobroba, megobari _ 4

“vardebis revolucia” _ 2 “vardebis revolucia” _ 2

afxazeTi, samxreTYoseTi _ 1 afxazeTi, samxreTYoseTi _ 3

teritoriuli mTlianoba _ 1 teritoriuli mTlianoba _ 2

konfliqtebis mogvareba _ 1 konfliqtebis mogvareba _ 1

momavali _ 2 momavali _ 4

jorj buSisa da mixeil saakaSvilis mier warmoTqmuli sityvebis

analizi Cveni kompetenciisa da am statiis farglebs scildeba, amdenad,

yuradRebas SevaCerebT mxolod ramdenime niuansze.

rogorc vxedavT, orive prezidentis gamosvlebSi didi upiratesobiT

figurirebs cneba “Tavisufleba”, masTan SedarebiT “demokratia” gacilebiT

iSviaTad xsendeba; amasTan, “Tavisufleba”, gansakuTrebiT aSS-is prezidentis

sityvaSi, “mSvidobasTan” asocirdeba (“Tavisufali sazogadoebebi xom

mSvidobian sazogadoebebs warmoadgenen”); “Tavisuflebas” (da ara demokratias)

prezidenti buSi xatovnad Tavisi qveynis savizito baraTs uwodebs.

“pasuxismgeblobas” orive prezidenti sul 3-jer axsenebs, magram

uaRresad mniSvnelovan konteqstSi; aSS-is prezidenti, “TavisuflebisaTvis

globalur brZolaSi”, pasuxismgeblobis TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelos amerikis

gverdiT ayenebs, lamis Tanabari statusiT: “rogorc Tavisufal qveynebs,

amerikasa da saqarTvelos didi pasuxismgebloba akisriaT da Cvens

movaleobebs erTad SevasrulebT.”

sagulisxmoa, rom aSS-is prezidenti gacilebiT xSirad axsenebs

“saqarTvelos” da “qarTvels” (28-jer), vidre Tundac saqarTvelos prezidenti

(anu, maspinZeli, sxva faqtorebze rom araferi vTqvaT) _ “amerikas” (18-jer).

“rezonansis” mTavari redaqtori laSa tuRuSi, buSis vizitis

Sedegebisadmi miZRvnil saredaqcio statiaSi, pirvel rigSi, swored aSS-is

199

prezidentis mier warmoTqmuli siyvebis mesijebs euyrdoba: “pasuxismgeblobaa

is umniSvnelovanesi sityva, romelic yvelaze aqtualuria qarTuli

saxelmwifosTvis. Zalian sapasuxismgebloa is roli, romelic saqarTvelos

“vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg ganusazRvra amerikis prezidentma buSma,

kerZod, didi regionis transformaciis xelSewyobis: “saqarTveloSi

ganxorcielebuli demokratiuli procesebi centraluri aziis transformacias

Seuwyobs xels”. saqarTvelos saxelmwifos, aseve, gaaCnia pasuxismgebloba im

moqalaqeebis mimarTac, romlebic saqarTveloSi cxovroben.” (“rezonansi”,

11.05.2005)

am publikaciaSi laSa tuRuSi konfliqtebis mogvarebasTan dakavSirebul

(da ara mxolod!) sayuradRebo informacias gvTavazobs (sagulisxmoa, rom

Semdgom wlebSi ganviTarebulma movlenebma daadastura misi marTebuloba):

“Cvenma wyarom, romelic uSualod eswreboda saakaSvilis buSTan Sexvedras,

gviTxra, rom daxurul Sexvedraze buSma pirdapir ganacxada, rom gvirCevs,

rogorc megobari, Tanac winaswar, teritoriuli mTlianobis problema

mxolod mSvidobiani gziT movagvaroT da rom is ver dauWers saomar

moqmedebebs mxars. Tanac, amas ambobs dRes imisaTvis, rom xval rame ar iyos

gaugebari. Tumca, iqve iTqva, rom isini aucileblad dagvexmarebian konfliqtis

mowesrigebisas. es iqneba Zalian realuri daxmareba, oRond mSvidobiani

formebiT. cota xnis win, natos generalurma mdivanma sxeferma ganacxada, rom

saqarTvelos nato-Si gawevrianebis perspeqtivebi realuria, miuxedavad mis

teritoriaze konfliqtebTan dakavSirebuli viTarebisa. mokled, man Tqva,

Zalian mkafiod, Tanac pirvelad, rom nato-s kari Riaa saqarTvelosTvis.

zogierTma politikosma saqarTveloSi ratomRac es gaigo ise, TiTqos

saqarTvelos iReben nato-Si afxazeTisa da cxinvalis regionis gareSe. saqme

is aris, rom nato-s arc erT oficialur dokumentSi ar weria, rom konfliqti,

anu, saqarTvelos msgavsi situacia, aris qveynis am organizaciaSi gaerTianebis

Semaferxebeli faqtori. problema ara samarTlebrivi, aramed politikuri

xasiaTisaa. amdenad, mniSvnelovania dasavleTSi dainaxon, rom saqarTveloSi

Seuqcevadi procesebia, rogorc saxelmwifos mSeneblobis (rac buSmac

aRniSna), aseve, samSvidobo procesis Rrmad (Seuqcevlad) ganviTarebis.”

(“rezonansi”, 11.05.2005)

rogorc dasawyisSive aRvniSneT, buSis vizitTan dakavSirebul

gamoxmaurebebSi emocia sWarbobs da amgvari publikaciebi gamonaklisis saxiT

gvxvdeba. Sesabamisad, sainformacio sivrceSi igrZnoba erTgvari ukmarobis

200

ganwyoba _ rom saqarTvelos teritoriul mTlianobasTan dakavSirebiT aSS-is

prezidentma mkveTrad ar gamoxata Tavisi pozicia.

Tu erTad davajgufebT jorj buSis gamosvlebSi am problemasTan

dakavSirebul mesijebs, aseT suraTs miviRebT:

saqarTvelos liderebma ician, rom konfliqtebis mSvidobiani mogvareba

aucilebelia transatlantikur aliansSi integraciisaTvis;

saqarTvelos damoukideblobasa da teritoriul mTlianobas yvela

qveyana unda scemdes pativs;

Cven gvyavs transatlantikuri megobrebi saqarTveloSi da yovelTvis

dagexmarebiT Tqveni miznebis misaRwevad;

...visaubreT regionuli sakiTxebis mSvidobian mogvarebaze, romelic

Tqvens qveyanas awuxebs;

moxaruli var, rom meqneba saSualeba vimuSao baton prezidentTan, Tu

igi mommarTavs aseTi TxovniT, mxari davuWiro iseTi problemebis

gadaWraSi, rogoricaa afxazeTi da samxreT oseTi;

imeds gamovTqvam, rom TanamSromlobis safuZvelze SegviZlia es

problemebi mSvidobianad movagvaroT;

darwmunebuli var, rom saqarTvelos Cveni daxmarebiT SeuZlia seriozul

progress miaRwios maTi mogvarebis sakiTxebSi.

uaRresad sayuradRebod gveCveneba afxazeTsa da e.w. samxreT oseTTan

mimarTebaSi ara mxolod prezident buSis, aramed saqarTvelos prezidentis,

mixeil saakaSvilis mesiji:

“miuxedavad vardebis revoluciis warmatebisa, Cvens qveyanaSi aris

mxareebi, sadac qarTvelebs warTmeuli aqvT Tavisufleba.

afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionebSi Cveni moqalaqeebis izolaciaSi

yofnas wertili unda davusvaT, maT unda mivceT Tanabari SesaZleblobebi,

raTa demokratiisa da Tavisuflebis pirobebSi ganviTardnen.”

rogorc vxedavT, saqarTvelos prezidentis motivacia Tavisuflebaa da

ara vTqvaT, istoriuli samarTlianobis aRdgena (sxvaTaSoris, istorias man

didi roli daakisra Tavis gamosvlaSi, magram ara dakarguli teritoriebis

konteqstSi).

“Tavisufleba” ki, prezident buSis sityvaSi aseTi “sqemiTaa” ganfenili:

1989 wels wamowyebuli brZola TavisuflebisaTvis qarTvelebma 2003 wels

Rirseulad daasrules; Sedegad _ Tavisufali da damoukidebeli qveyana _

saqarTvelo regionSi sanimuSo magaliTs warmoadgens; Tavisufali da

201

demokratiuli qveynis Senebisas amerikeli xalxi qarTvelebis gverdiTaa da

saqarTvelos ar mouwevs am gzis marto gavla!

Tavisufali sazogadoebebi xom, aSS-is prezidentis formulirebiT,

mSvidobian sazogadoebebs warmoadgenen da, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,

TavisuflebisaTvis globalur brZolaSi prezidenti buSi saqarTvelos Tavis

mokavSired miiCnevs.

logikurad, buSisa da saakaSvilis mesijebis saerTo reziume aseTia: Tu

“WeSmariti Tavisuflebis Senebisas” “qarTul miwaze danTebuli cecxli mTel

msoflioSi Rvivdeba!”, “RmerTis mier miniWebuli uflebiT” sargeblobis

saSualeba “TavisuflebawarTmeul qarTvelebsac” unda mieceT.

gazeT “24 saaTis” presombudsmeni, nodar ladaria, sainteresod

aanalizebs aSS-is prezidentis sajaro gamosvlas, misi sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,

“mravali profesionalis Sromis nayofs”, “mSvenieri kompoziciisa da

damafiqrebeli Sinaarsis”, uaRresad adamianuri da Sinauruli dasawyisis mqone

sityvas, mis Setyobinebebsa da niuansebs. paralelurad, ladaria

“saxeldaxelod SeTxzul sityvas” uwodebs Tvisuflebis moedanze prezident

saakaSvilis gamosvlas, romelic, Cveni azriT, Tundac afxazeTisa da e.w.

samxreT oseTis problemis amgvari rakursiT warmodgenis gamo, namdvilad ar

tovebs “saxeldaxelos” STabeWdilebas.

unda aRvniSnoT, rom sagangebo mzadebam aSS-is prezidentis Sesaxvedrad,

sabWoTa kavSiris kompartiis genmdivnis, breJnevis vizitebis (saqarTveloSi)

asociaciac gaaCina presaSi. sayuradReboa, rom molodinis sawinaaRmdegod,

prezident saakaSvilis gamosvlebi _ parlamentSi gamarTul brifingze Tu

Tavisuflebis moedanze, arRvevs “qveSevrdomuli” da “vasaluri” mimarTvebis

stereotips da piriqiT _ erTgvari zomieri ambiciurobiTac aris gajerebuli.

samagierod, daculia qarTuli eTnosisTvis damaxasiaTebeli _ istoriis

mimarT amaRlebuli, romantikuli da erTgvarad miTologizebuli

damokidebulebis stereotipi.

2005 wlis 30 maiss, moskovSi, miRweul iqna SeTanxmeba saqarTvelodan

ruseTis samxedro bazebis gayvanis Taobaze. sakvirvelia, magram presas es

umniSvnelovanesi faqti ar daukavSirebia buSis vizitis SedegTan. samagierod,

presas yuradRebidan ar gamohparvia saqarTvelos prezidentis mier tonis

mkveTri Serbileba ruseTis mimarT.

“saqarTvelos unda ruseTTan mWidro, megobruli, keTilmezobluri

urTierToba”, _ ganacxada mixeil saakaSvilma saxelmwifo kancelariaSi

gamarTul brifingze da bazebis gayvanis Taobaze miRweul SeTanxmebas

202

istoriuli movlena uwoda: “mimaCnia, rom prezidentma putinma gamoiCina

gambedaoba, aCvena mSvenieri politikuri alRo, moaxdina saRi azris

demonstrireba da gadadga Tamami politikuri nabiji da me ar SemiZlia, es ar

davinaxo. saqarTvelo mzad aris yvela sakiTxi _ usafrTxoebis, terorizmTan

brZolis, ruseTis geopolitikuri interesebis iseTi gaTvaliswinebis sakiTxi,

sadac isini mTlianad emTxveva saqarTvelos interesebs (da aseTi gadakveTis

Zalian bevri veqtori arsebobs), sruli masStabiT gaiTvaliswinos da

yovelgvari daZabuloba Cvens urTierTobaSi warsuls Cabardes.” (“saqarTvelos

respublika”, 31.05.2005)

saqarTveloSi aSS-is prezidentis vizitis faqtorma garkveuli periodiT

(april-maisi) gaaneitrala presaSi xelisuflebisken mimarTuli negatiuri

muxti da xeli Seuwyo mis garSemo met-naklebad pozitiuri ganwyobis

koncentracias; ivnisis TveSi ki suraTi mkveTrad Seicvala da xelisuflebis

mimarT konfrontaciuli damokidebuleba sakmaod gamZafrda. TiTqmis

weliwadnaxevris manZilze ufunqciod darCenili politikuri Zalebi (ra Tqma

unda, ar vgulisxmobT mmarTvel partias _ “nacionalebs”) da samoqalaqo

seqtori gamococxldnen da TandaTan xelisuflebasTan oponirebis reJimSi

gadaerTvnen. ara mxolod am niSniT, aramed, saerTodac, “vardebis revoluciis”

Semdgomi periodis presisTvis (iseve rogorc qveynis, xelisuflebisa da

sazogadoebisTvis) jorj buSis viziti erTgvari mijna iyo, romelmac

amaRlebul notaze daasrula revoluciuri eiforiis periodi.

203

daskvna

Cveni Seswavlisa da kvlevis sagani iyo drois informaciuli analogis _

presis mier gamokveTili ZiriTadi sazogadoebriv-politikuri aspeqtebi da

aqcentebi. ramdenad Seesabameba es analogi saqarTvelos maSindel

sazogadoebriv-politikur viTarebas? Tu am naSromSi araerTxel damowmebul

gigi TevzaZis wigns (“saqarTvelo: Zalauflebis dabruneba”) moviSveliebT da

gavixsenebT, rom eduard SevardnaZis periodis saqarTvelos demokratia iyo

“simulirebuli”, xolo “Tavisufali masmedia”, arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan

erTad, iyo simulaciis realobis damadasturebeli agenti (25, 40), maSin unda

vTqvaT, rom media sakmao warmatebiT asrulebda demokratiis “Sirmis” rols.

meore mxriv, Cveni kvlevis Sedegi gvaZlevs saSualebas davaskvnaT, rom

mocemul realobaSi, arsebuli SesaZleblobebiT, qarTulma presam mainc

moaxerxa Seeqmna met-naklebad adekvaturi mediasuraTi saanalizo periodSi

(2000-2005 wlebi) ganviTarebuli sazogadoebriv-politikuri procesebisa. da am

suraTis Seqmnis meTodebi, xerxebi, formebi, profesiuli done da a.S. imdenad

Seesabameba Tanamedrove mediis standartebs, ramdenadac saqarTveloSi

“gardamavali demokratiis” xarisxi Seesabameba ganviTarebuli demokratiis

moTxovnebs. ufro metic, presa saqarTvelos demokratiuli ganviTarebis

maCvenebladac iTvleboda. davimowmebT maia toraZis zemoxsenebul

sadisertacio naSroms: “saerTaSoriso organizaciebisa da eqspertebis mier

presa bolo aTwleulSi sazogadoebis yvelaze demokratiul segmentad

miiCneoda.” (69, 2)

ZiriTadi sazogadoebriv-politikuri aspeqtebi, romelic prioritetuli

iyo saanalizo periodis presisTvis, sadisertacio naSromis sarCevSivea

mocemuli da aRar gavimeorebT; amasTan, Cven SevecadeT disertaciis TiToeul

monakveTSive gadmogveca Sesabamisi daskvnebi; ramdenime zogadi daskvna ki,

2000-2005 wlebis qarTuli presis Taobaze, ase SeiZleba CamovayaliboT:

raodenobrivi simravlis miuxedavad, saanalizo periodis presa ar qmnida

qveynis sazogadoebriv-politikuri cxovrebis pluralistur suraTs;

mravalricxovani gamocemebidan “sazogadoebrivi azris generatoris”

funqcias, umeteswilad, 3-5 gamocema asrulebda (gansakuTrebiT, 2000-2003

wlebSi);

sityvis gaTavisuflebis pirveli etapis gadasvla TavisuflebasTan

pasuxismgeblobis Sexamebis momdevno stadiaze, saxelmwifo interesis

gamoxatvis simptomebi, qarTul presaSi SeiniSneba 2002 wlidan, roca

204

saqarTvelo akeTebs ganacxads nato-Si Sesvlis survilze, roca

saqarTveloSi, aSS-is daxmarebiT, iwyeba “wrTvnisa da aRWurvis

programa” da a.S.

saanalizo periodis presa gamoirCeva politizebis maRali xarisxiTa da

personificirebis tendenciiT; gamocemebis umetesoba midrekilia

“siyviTlisaken” (Sesabamisad, skandalebisa da “sensaciebisaken”); amis

gamo umTavresad presis yuradRebis arealSi eqceva ara sazogadoebrivad

aqtualuri, aramed “kuluarul informaciebsa” da “sarwmuno wyaroebze”

agebuli Temebi; wina planze wamoweulia presis interpretaciebi da ara

verificirebuli faqtebi;

TiTqmis yvela umniSvnelovanesi aspeqti qveynis sazogadoebriv-

politikuri cxovrebisa ganixileba saxelisuflo brZolebisa da

pirovnuli dapirispirebis WrilSi; personebze orientireba ar niSnavs

imas, rom presis yuradRebis arealSi sazogadoebriobis farTo

warmomadgenlebi eqcevian; presis yuradRebas iqcevs mxolod

saxelisuflo personebis garkveuli kategoria, politikosebi, isev

presis meSveobiT generirebuli e.w. cnobadi saxeebi.

ara mxolod informaciis, xSirad komentaris pirvelwyaros dadgenac

SeuZlebelia, radganac presa iSveliebs “eqspertTa azrs”, romlis miRmac

zogjer, SesaZloa, isev Jurnalistis, an gamocemis pozicia

igulisxmebodes. rac Seexeba eqspertebs, aqac ori ukiduresoba

SeiniSneba _ an wlebis manZilze mudmivad erTi da igive eqspertebs

mimarTaven TiTqmis yvela Temisa da sakiTxis komentirebisTvis

(magaliTad, ramaz sayvareliZe, gia nodia, soso cincaZe, paata

zaqareiSvili, ramaz klimiaSvili da a.S.); an, ama Tu im dargis

Cveulebrivi specialisti warmodgenilia eqspertis rangSi; raxan

sazogadoebriv-politikuri aspeqtebi prioritetulia, Sesabamisad,

presaSi eqspertebi figurireben TiTqmis yoveldRe, ara mxolod

mimdinare procesebis, aramed, nebismieri politikuri Tu skandaluri

frazis komentirebis sababiT.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom “vardebis revoluciis” wina periodSi (2002-2003

wlebi), presam, saerTo jamSi, sakmaod kargad gaarTva Tavi sazogadoebis

samoqalaqo aqtivobis gazrdis funqcias, dasavluri orientaciisaken swrafvas;

SesaZloa, zedmeti iluziac Seuqmna TavisTavsa da sazogadoebasac, rom isini,

qveynis politikuri cxovrebis “saqmis kursSi” arian (detalebisa da

kuluaruli Worebis CaTvliT), maSin, roca es “aisbergis wveri” iyo da Cveni

205

qveynis sazogadoebriv-politikuri cxovrebis ganmsazRvreli procesebi, arc

Tu iSviaTad, wyalqveSa mdinarebiT miedineboda. presam, movlenebisTvis win

gaswrebac aiZula sazogadoebas (ar daaloda saarCevno rotacias) da didi

wvlili Seitana “vardebis revoluciaSi”.

amasTan, rogorc sadisertacio naSromis pirvel TavSi aRvniSneT,

“vardebis revoluciis” Semdgom periodSi erTgvarad damuxruWda qarTuli

mediis ganviTarebis procesi; cenzurisa da TviTcenzuris garda (rac

telemediasTan mimarTebaSi ufro aSkaraa), mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs profesiuli

donis daweva; es, JurnalistTa profesiuli kadrebis sxva sferoebSi

gadanacvlebis garda, Cveni azriT, imanac ganapiroba, rom am etapze media

(gansakuTrebiT, presa) aRar ganixileba iseT mniSvnelovan aqtorad,

rogoradac “vardebis revoluciis” wina periodSi.

jerjerobiT CvenSi samoqalaqo sazogadoeba ar misula im kondiciamde,

rom masmedias sazogadoebis interesis gamoxatva “aiZulos”. amasTan,

mediisTvis araxelsayreli biznes-garemo ganapirobebs sazogadoebriv-

politikuri presisa da e.w. bulvarulis daaxloebas, an sulac erTmaneTSi

aRrevas; amdenad, usamarTloba iqneba rom medias davakisroT mTeli

pasuxismgebloba politizebis maRali xarisxis, sazogadoebis “fxizeli

guSagis” funqciis verSesrulebis, sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis aspeqtebisaTvis

gverdis avlis gamo. ar unda vecadoT iluziis Seqmnas, TiTqos Jurnalists

SeeZlos Tavisi damkveTis/damqiraveblis, xolo redaqcias _

gamomcemlis/mepatronis interesis ignorireba.

“problema is ki ar aris, rom masobriv sainformacio saSualebebs ar

SeuZliaT axali ambebis xarisxiani gaSuqeba, aramed is, rom sazogadoeba amas

arc iTxovs”, _ amboben “amerikuli demokratiis” avtorebi _ qeneT janda,

jefri m. beri da jeri goldmeni. (77, 151) “moqalaqeebi Tanabari cinizmiT

gaimsWvalnen mediisa da politikis mimarT, radgan es ukanasknelni mxolod

erTmaneTTan awarmoeben dialogs da maT am urTierTobaSi aranairad arc

monawileobs xalxi”, _ esec amerikeli mkvlevarebis _ luis a. fridlendis,

jei rozenis da liza ostinis Tvalsazrisia. (6, 13-14)

ara mxolod es citatebi, aramed bil kovaCisa da tom rozenstilis

cnobil wignSi (“Jurnalistikis elementebi”) asaxuli, aTaswleulebis mijnaze

amerikuli mediasivrcis viTarebis Seswavlis Sedegad miRebuli suraTi da

daskvnebi (“farTo sazogadoebrivi interesis dakmayofilebis nacvlad, Cveni

profesia zians ayenebs sazogadoebaso”) (34, 10-11), bevri ramiT gvagonebs

qarTuli mediis winaSe mdgom problemebs. paradoqsia, magram faqtia, rom

206

demokratiulobis etalonad miCneul amerikul mediasa da “gardatexis asakSi”

myof qarTul medias saerTo konceptualuri problema aqvT; rom sazogadoebis

interesebidan gadaxveva mxolod qarTuli mediis dilema ar aris. oRondac,

gansxvaveba isaa, rom Cvenma mediam “mokleze moWra” da gamotova ganviTarebis

is etapi, romelmac dasavluri media sazogadoebis “fxizel guSagad”

Camoayaliba.

demokratia, upirvelesad, arCevanis Tavisuflebis uzrunvelyofaa.

qarTuli presac, Cveni azriT, maSin gadava ganviTarebis ufro maRal etapze,

roca Seiqmneba jansaRi konkurenciisa da pluralizmis garemo da farTo

arCevanis saSualeba miecema ara mxolod mediamomxmarebels, aramed, Tavad

mediasaSualebebsa da Jurnalistebs.

207

literatura

1. anTaZe, ia, “cxovreba Wvavis yanaSi; omi damTavrda, mSvidobis geSinodeT”,

Jurnali “solidaroba”, saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis perioduli

gamocema, #3(24), 2008

2. alfaiZe, Tamar, “masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis saqmianobis

samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi”, sadisertacio naSromi iuridiul mecnierebaTa

kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad, Tbilisi, 2006 (saqarTvelos

parlamentis erovnuli biblioTeka)

3. “aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis urTierToba sazogadoebasTan”,

saqarTvelos gaeros asociacia, Tbilisi, 2001

4. balzaki, onore de, “Sagrenis tyavi”, rCeuli Txzulebani, gamomcemloba

“sabWoTa saqarTvelo”, Tbilisi, 1973

5. balceroviCi, leSek, “saxelmwifo gardamaval periodSi”, Tbilisi, 2002

6. basilaia merab, “media da erTi ikarusis mgzavrebi”, Jurnali

“Tavisufleba”, #4(41), maisi, 2005

7. baqraZe, akaki, “dawunebuli gza”, gamomcemloba “sarangi”, Tbilisi, 1995

8. Baudrillard, Jan, “Requiem pour les medias”, “Pour une critique de

l’économie politique du signe”, Paris, Editions Gallimard, 1972

9. БОДРИЙЯР, Жан , “СИСТЕМА ВЕЩЕЙ”, он-лаин книга;

http://yanko.lib.ru/books/philosoph/baudrillard-le-systeme-des-objets.htm

10. beraZe, aleqsandre, “musikaluri kritikis problematika da tendenciebi

Tanamedrove qarTul presaSi (1990-2002 wlebi)”, sadisertacio naSromi

filologiur mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad,

Tbilisi, 2006 (saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnuli biblioTeka)

11. bertrani, klod-Jan, “media eTika da angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi”,

Tbilisi, 2004

12. Бжезинский, Збигнев, «Великая шахматная доска», изд. «Международные отношения»,

Москва, 2003

13. gogolaSvili, Tornike, “saxis lingvisturi realizacia sagazeTo

komunikaciaSi”, sadisertacio naSromi filologiur mecnierebaTa

kandidatis wodebis mosapoveblad, Tbilisi, 2006 (saqarTvelos


208

14. gociriZe, giorgi, “eleqtronuli media “vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg”,

“Jurnali “solidaroba”, saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis perioduli

gamocema, #3(24), 2008

15. Гуревич, Семен, «Газета. Вчера, сегодня, завтра», Аспект Пресс, Москва, 2004

16. darCiaSvili, daviT, “saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi da regionebi”, “demokratiis

ganviTareba saqarTveloSi”, #10, Tbilisi, 2003

17. darCiaSvili, daviT, “saqarTvelo samxreT kavkasiis regionis konteqstSi”,

“demokratiis mSenebloba saqarTveloSi”, #12, Tbilisi, 2003

18. devdariani, jaba, “saerTaSoriso daxmarebis gavlena saqarTveloze”,

“demokratiis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi”, #11, Tbilisi, 2003

19. Егорова-Гантман, Екатерина, «Игры в солдатики. Политическая психология президентов»,

Москва, 2003

20. Elections In Parliament Of Georgia – Test Of Democracy, Central Asia-Caucasus Analist,

November 05, 2003, http://www.cacianalyst.org/view_article.php?articleid=1870

21. vekua, marine, “Jurnalistikis principebi”, Tbilisi, 2008

22. Ворошилов, В. «Журналистика», учебник, Санкт-Петербург, 2001

23. TaTaraSvili, nato, “saxelmwifo da televizia _ urTierTobis

meqanizmebi”, “tele-radioJurnalistikis sakiTxebi”, VI, Tbilisis

universitetis gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, 2001

24. TevzaZe, gigi, “eTikuri normebi qarTul mediaSi _ arsebuli viTareba da

SesaZlebeli momavali”, “qarTul presaSi Jurnalisturi eTikis normebis

dacvis monitoringi”, demokratiul inovaciaTa centri, 2003

25. TevzaZe, gigi, “saqarTvelo: Zalauflebis dabruneba”, bakur sulakauris

gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, 2003

26. iakobiSvili, lela, “politikuri performansi da performatiuli

politika”, “werilebi qarTul identobaze,”, Tbilisi, 2007

27. iberi, eldar, “saxelmwifo televizia da saprezidento arCevnebi”, “tele-

radioJurnalistikis sakiTxebi”, V, Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba,

Tbilisi, 2001

28. iberi, eldar, “televizia da xelisufleba (“vardebis revoluciis”

gakveTilebi)”, “tele-radioJurnalistikis sakiTxebi”, VII, Tbilisis

universitetis gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, 2005

29. Каландаришвили, Нино, «Абхазия в предвыборном меню грузинских политиков», «Ресурсы

примирения», Тбилиси, 2004

30. kapanaZe, givi, “qarTuli media da demokratizaciis procesi saqarTveloSi”,

Tbilisi, 2004

209

31. kaWkaWiSvili, iago, radio “Tavisufleba, “Tavisuflebis dRiurebi”, 31

oqtomberi, 2007

http://www.tavisupleba.org/programs/diaries/2007/11/20071104173646.asp

32. kinwuraSvili, Tamar, “2003 wlis Jurnalisturi novacia _ samoqalaqo

Jurnalistika”, “saxe(l)ebi-2003”, “sagamomcemlo saxli “saxe(l)ebis”

yovelwliuri gamocema, Tbilisi, 2004

33. Корконосенко, С. «Основы журналистики», учебник, «Аспект-Пресс», Москва, 2004

34. kovaCi bil, rozenstili tom, “Jurnalistikis elementebi”, gamomcemloba

“impresi”, Tbilisi, 2006

35. Коливер, Сандра, Сравнительный анализ законодательства о прессе в европейских и других

демократических государствах, Законы и практика СМИ в Европе, Америке и Австралии

(сравнительный анализ). Артикль 19. (пер. с англ.)М.: Права человека, 1997, он-лаин книга;

http://www.medialaw.ru/article10/5/3.htm

36. kutubiZe-zubaSvili, laura, “Tanamedrove qarTuli presis Sesaxeb”,

“Jurnalisturi Ziebani”, I, Tbilisi, 2001

37. kutubiZe-zubaSvili, laura, “qarTuli masmediis gardatexis asaki”,

“Jurnalisturi Ziebani”, II, Tbilisi, 2002

38. kutubiZe-zubaSvili, laura, “sainformacio safrTxisa da usafrTxoebis

Taobaze”, “Jurnalisturi Ziebani”, III, Tbilisi, 2002

39. kutubiZe-zubaSvili, laura, “masmedia da saxelmwifos imiji”, “saxe(l)ebi-

2004”, “sagamomcemlo saxli “saxe(l)ebis” yovelwliuri gamocema, Tbilisi,

2005

40. kutubiZe-zubaSvili, laura, “aris Tu ara politikuri brendi

“marketinguli produqti?”, “saxe(l)ebi-2005”, “sagamomcemlo saxli

“saxe(l)ebis” yovelwliuri gamocema, Tbilisi, 2006

41. kutubiZe-zubaSvili, laura, “qarTuli mediis 15 wliani maraToni”,

“saxe(l)ebi-2006”, “sagamomcemlo saxli “saxe(l)ebis” yovelwliuri

gamocema, Tbilisi, 2007

42. Кутубидзе-Зубашвили, Лаура , “Резонанс визита Буша в грузинской прессе”

http://nikkolom.ru/2005/22_07_05_1i_2article.htm

43. langi, iaSa, “media da arCevnebi”, saxelmZRvanelo, seriidan “media”,

evropis sabWo, Tbilisi, 2007

44. lomiZe, marina, “momavali _ Cveni cxovrebis misamarTi” (herbert marSal

makluenis SemoqmedebiTi memkvidreobis zogierTi Strixi”), “xelisufleba

da sazogadoeba” (saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis humanitarul-

210

socialuri fakultetis ucxo enebisa da komunikaciis departamentis

samecniero Jurnali), #2(6), Tbilisi, 2008

45. Луман, Никлас, РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ МАССМЕДИА, он-лаин книга;

http://strana-oz.ru/?numid=13&article=62146. maklueni, marSal, “saSualeba aris Setyobineba”, tele-radioJurnalistikis

sakiTxebi, VI, Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, 2003

47. Маклюен, Маршалл, «Понимание Медиа», Москва-Жуковский, 2003

48. “mediis TviTregulirebis qrestomaTia” (Semdgeneli da redaqtori Tamar

kinwuraSvili), Tavisuflebis instituti, 2004

49. menakeri, drusila, “media sazogadoebis asparezi unda gaxdes”, Jurnali

“mediatori”, kavkasiis JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso centri, #3, 2005

50. “mesame seqtoris ganviTarebis strategia axal garemoSi”, gamomcemeli _

mSvidobis, demokratiisa da ganviTarebis kavkasiuri instituti, Tbilisi,

2004

51. Morris, Dick, “The New Prince, Machiavelli Updated For The Twenty-First Century”,

Renaissance Books, Los Angeles, 1999

52. musxeliSvili, marina, “masmedia”, “demokratiis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi”,

#7, Tbilisi, 2003

53. Наполитан, Джозеф, «Электоральная игра», Москва, 2002

54. nacvliSvili, paata, “qarTuli Jurnalistikis genezisisaTvis”,

sadisertacio naSromi filosofiis mecnierebaTa doqtoris xarisxis

mosapoveblad, Tbilisi, 2009 (saqarTvelos saxelmwifo politeqnikuri

universitetis biblioTeka)

55. nodia, gia, “demokratiis Seqmnis ori mcdeloba saqarTveloSi:

TxuTmetwliani gzis Sejameba”, “demokratiis mSenebloba saqarTveloSi”,

#1, Tbilisi, 2003

56. nodia, gia, “samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi: miRwevebi

da gamowvevebi”, Tbilisi, 2005

57. Олешко В. «Журналистика как творчество», «РИП-холдинг», Москва, 2003

58. «Политическая ситуация в Грузии», Национальная лаборатория внешней политики,

16.08.2002, http://www.nlvp.ru/laboratory

59. «Понятия чести, достоинства и деловой репутации (Спорные тексты СМИ и проблемы их

анализа и оценки юристами и лингвистами)», Фонд защиты гласности, издательство

«Медея», Москва, 2004

60. Почепцов, Георгий, «Информационные воины», издательство «Ваклер», Москва, 2000

61. Почепцов, Георгий, «Комуникативные технологии XX века», Москва, 2002

211

62. repkova tatiana, “axali droeba: profesiuli gazeTis Seqmna ganviTarebadi

demokratiis pirobebSi”, Tbilisi, 2006

63. “saparlamento kontroli usafrTxoebis seqtorze: principebi, meqanizmebi

da praqtika”, parlamentTaSorisi kavSirisa (IPU) da SeiaraRebul Zalebze

demokratiuli kontrolis Jenevis centris (DCAF) mier gamocemuli

saxelmZRvanelo (redaqtori da wamyvani avtori hans borni), Jeneva/Tbilisi,

2003

64. “saqarTvelos politikuri landSafti”, koordinator-redaqtorebi: gia

nodia da alvaro pinto sqoltbaxi, Tbilisi, 2006

65. silagaZe, apolon, “revolucia rom ar yofiliyo”, gazeTi “24 saaTi”, 13

aprili, 2005

66. surgulaZe, revaz; iberi, eldar, “masobrivi komunikacia”, Tbilisi, 2003

67. Свитич Л. «Профессия: журналист», учебное пособие, Аспект Пресс, Москва, 2003

68. Тоффлер, Элвин, “Демассификация средств массовой информации, “Третья волна”, Глава

13,он-лаин-книга,

http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Culture/Toffler/_07.php

69. toraZe, maia, “Tanamedrove presa da arCevnebis problema (Jurnalisturi

aspeqtebi)”, sadisertacio naSromi filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidatis

samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad, 2005 w., Tbilisi; (saqarTvelos


70. usufaSvili, daviT; nodia, gia, “saarCevno procesebi saqarTveloSi”,

“demokratiis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi”, #4, Tbilisi, 2003

71. firaliSvili, zaza, “qarTuli politikis Teatraluri dialeqtika”,

Tbilisi, 2007

72. fridmani, milton, “kapitalizmi da Tavisufleba”, gamomcemloba “sezani”,

Tbilisi, 2002

73. Чалдини, Роберт, «Психология влияния», 4-е международное издание, Питер, Санкт-

Петербург, 2001

74. CogovaZe, goCa, “infornacia: informacia, sazogadoeba, adamiani”,

“neostudia”, Tbilisi, 2003

75. cacanaSvili, mariam, “informaciuli samarTali”, Tbilisi, 2004

76. WumburiZe, ioseb, “Tanamedrove qarTuli presis ZiriTadi tendenciebi (2000-

2006 wlebi)”, sadisertacio naSromi filologiur mecnierebaTa kandidatis

wodebis mosapoveblad, Tbilisi, 2006 (saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnuli

biblioTeka)

212

77. janda, qeneT; beri, jefri m.; goldmeni, jeri, “amerikuli demokratia: aSS

xelisufleba da politikuri procesi”, gamocemloba “jisiai”, Tbilisi,

1995

78. Huntington, Samuel P. “The Clash of Civilizations?”,

http://history.club.fatih.edu.tr/103%20Huntington%20Clash%20of%20Civilizations%20full%20

text.htm

periodika

79. “alia”, saredaqcio statia, “Jvania merabiSvils saqmes umravlesobaze

“gaurCevs”, 17 aprili, 2001

80. “alia”, “baRaTuria “Telasis” Semdeg “eleqtrokavSirze” gadaerTo”,

“alia”, 9 maisi, 2002

81. anTaZe, ia, “ra emuqreba saqarTvelos damoukideblobas”, Jurnali “arili”,

21 dekemberi, 2000

82. anTaZe, ia, “Cveni arCevani”, Jurnali “arili”, 18 oqtomberi, 2001

83. anTaZe, ia, “iracionaluri aqcentebis tradicia qarTul politikaSi”,

“axali versia”, 8 dekemberi, 2003

84. anTaZe, ia, “ras elodeba sazogadoeba prezidentisagan?”, “axali versia”, 5

ianvari, 2004

85. abulaSvili, ia, “mediis reqviemi postrevoluciur saqarTveloSi”,

“rezonansi”, 23 ivlisi, 2004

86. asaniSvili, giorgi, “SevardnaZem, putins ar gavuputivaro”, “dilis gazeTi”,

4 dekemberi, 2001

87. axvlediani, erlom, “simyaris ZiebaSi’’, “dilis gazeTi”, 23 ivnisi, 2000

88. “axali meridiani”, “Jvania-saakaSvili-merabiSvilis gundi samoqalaqo

dapirispirebas aRvivebs”, “axali meridiani”, 14 dekemberi, 2001

89. bakaSvili, mamuka, “Jvania mindvris yvaviliviT aris”, “axali Taoba”, 23

aprili, 2001

90. berZeniSvili, daviT, “nu gamoiyenebT jaba ioselians!.. is ukve bevrjer

gamoiyenes”, “axali 7 dRe”, 1 dekemberi, 2000

91. boloTaSvili, givi, “aris Tu ara saqarTvelo arSemdgari saxelmwifo?”,

“dilis gazeTi”, 28 noemberi, 2000

92. gamgebeli, vano, “neitraliteti, rogorc geopolitikuri kompromisis

forma”, “dilis gazeTi”, 12 Tebervali, 2001

213

93. gelantia, rafiel, “vin unda movides xelisuflebaSi?”, “dilis gazeTi”, 31

maisi, 2002

94. gigaSvili, rusiko, “gabruvdiT, daboldiT, magram foCian kanfets nu

daxarbdebiT”, “axali versia”, 20 maisi, 2002

95. gigaSvili, rusiko, “vin udiriJorebs arCevnebis gayalbebas?”, ”saarCevno

politikuri bazari kolmeurneobis bazars hgavs”, “axali versia”, 27 maisi,

2002

96. gigineiSvili, marine, “kolegebo, “nanatri” destabilizacia igvianebs!”,

“dro”, 11 ivlisi, 2000

97. giorgobiani, ika, “Cemi prezidenti Cemi mucelia”, “rezonansi”, 8 ivlisi,

2000

98. “dilis gazeTi”, “qobalias sindromi”, 3 oqtomberi, 2000

99. “dilis gazeTi”, “TevdoraZe WaladidSi zviadistebis aqcias moelis”, 3

oqtomberi, 2000

100. “dilis gazeTi”, “vis aZlevs xels destabilizacia saqarTveloSi?,

“dilis gazeTi’”, 20 noemberi, 2000

101. “droni”, “saqarTvelos adgili da roli kavkasiaSi aSS-sa da natos

strategiul mimarTulebebSi”, “droni”, 13 aprili, 2000

102. “dRes”, sainformacio programa, aWaris televizia, 22 aprili, 2001

103. vaSalomiZe, zurab, “drosTan SeWidebulni”, “dilis gazeTi”, 8,9 maisi,

2001

104. TargamaZe, nino, “SevardnaZe putinis direqtiviT awon-dawonis politikas

agrZelebs”, “rezonansi”, 5 dekemberi, 2001

105. TargamaZe, nino, “donald ramsfeldi dRes saqarTvelos mzadyofnas

Seamowmebs”, “rezonansi”, 15 dekemberi, 2001

106. ToiZe, mariam, “prezidenti, Turme, “arc cud xasiaTzea” da “arc raimes

ebRauWeba”, “dilis gazeTi”, 21 aprili, 2001

107. ToiZe, mariam, ”CaixedeT sulSi... dafiqrdiT, vidre rames wamoroSavdeT”,

“dilis gazeTi”, 22 aprili, 2001

108. iverieli, zurab, “mainc ar gamoCnda, vin iqneba SevardnaZis Semdeg, anu,

ra gviCvena 2 ivnisis arCevnebma”, Jurnali “imiji”, #4, 2002

109. imerliSvili, nino, “ruseTis axalgazrda prezidentma babu saxalxod

dagviCagra”, “axali versia”, 3 dekemberi, 2001

110. interviu irina sariSvili-WanturiasTan, “axali Taoba”, 2 maisi, 2000

111. interviu fiqria CixraZesTan, “axali Taoba”, 5 maisi, 2000

112. interviu naira gelaSvilTan, “axali epoqa”, 7 ivlisi, 2000

214

113. interviu ia anTaZesTan, “dilis gazeTi”, 10 ivlisi, 2000

114. interviu gia nodiasTan, “axali 7 dRe”, 5 ianvari, 2001

115. interviu ramaz klimiaSvilTan, “kviris palitra”, 8 ianvari, 2001

116. interviu elizbar javeliZesTan, “axali Taoba”, 13 dekemberi, 2001

117. interviu ramaz sayvareliZesTan, “kviris palitra”, 2001 wlis

Semajamebeli nomeri, 24 dekemberi, 2001

118. interviu robert hanterTan, “24 saaTi”, 2 ivlisi, 2002

119. interviu giorgi WanturiasTan, “ruseTi saqarTvelos aSkarad oms ver

gamoucxadebs”, “rezonansi”, 8 agvisto, 2002

120. interviu brius jeqsonTan, “mTeli kvira”, 27 ivnisi, 2005

121. kalatoziSvili, daviT, “qarTul korufcias pinoCetiviT patiosani

generlebi sWirdeba”, “7 dRe”, 20 oqtomberi, 2000

122. kalandaZe, giorgi, “saqarTvelosTan savizo reJims yazaxeTi da

bulgareTic SemoiReben”, “rezonansi”, 12 Tebervali, 2001

123. kalandaZe, giorgi, “nato saqarTvelos realuri usafrTxoebiTi

qolgaa”, “rezonansi”, 13 Tebervali, 2001

124. kalandaZe, giorgi, “TargamaZe politikidan ase advilad ar wava”,

“rezonansi”, 26 marti, 2001

125. kvesitaZe, eka, “SevardnaZes cvlilebebisaTvis aRarc Zala aqvs da aRarc

survili”, “7 dRe”, 29 maisi, 2000

126. kvitaSvili, giorgi, “TbilisSi arCevnebs naTelaSvili moigebs”, “axali

Taoba”, 20 maisi, 2002)

127. kirvaliZe, maTe, “xelisufleba socialur naRmzea”, “alia”, 13 noemberi,

2000

128. kirvaliZe, maTe, “SevardnaZe belgradis sindromze zis”, “alia”, 16

noemberi, 2000

129. kirvaliZe, maTe, “da amitomac mze CrdiloeTidan amodis”, “alia”, 4

dekemberi, 2001

130. kirTaZe, nestan, “viRacas Zalian unda, rom saqarTveloSi qarTuli

saxelmwifoebrioba ar Sedges”, “marTali gazeTi”, #5, agvisto, 2000

131. liTaniSvili, irakli, “qarTuli politikuri goni _ miTi Tu realoba”,

“Jvanias hqonda politikosisaTvis aucilebeli ramdenime Tviseba”

“dilis gazeTi”, 25 maisi, 2000


“yvelaze Zlieri da perspeqtiuli figura... SevardnaZis Semdeg” “dilis

gazeTi”, 26 maisi, 2000

215


“vin gadasZalavs _ Jvania Tu SevardnaZe”, “dilis gazeTi”, 30 maisi, 2000

134. lolaZe, nino, “vin moqmedebda ruseTis scenariT _ TargamaZe-

patarkaciSvili Tu Jvania-saakaSvili?”, “axali versia”, 26 noemberi 2001

135. maRlaferiZe, vasil, “genetikuri antievropeizmi”, “rezonansi”, 17 aprili,

2000

136. metreveli, nino, “burjanaZe Jvaniasa da SevardnaZis mieraa Seqmnili”,

Jurnali “sarke”, 15-21 oqtomberi, 2003

137. mirotaZe, ani, “saSemodgomo mRelvareba albaT gardauvalia”, “axali

Taoba”, 5 seqtemberi, 2000

138. mirotaZe, ani, “dRevandeli aqciebiT Jvania qulebs iwers”, “axali Taoba”,

18 noemberi, 2000

139. mirotaZe, ani, “amboben, aqciebi Jvanias da “mxedrionis” mxridan aris

provocirebuli”, “axali Taoba”, 16 noemberi, 2000

140. mirianaSvili, Temur, “ramdenime Strixi zurab Jvaniasa da misi gundis

portretisa”, “axali Taoba”, 20 aprili, 2000

141. mkervaliSvili, lado, “rodis ganviTardeba saqarTveloSi

demokratia?”, “axali Taoba”, 19 maisi, 2000

142. mWedliSvili, zurab, “ramsfeldis umniSvnelovanesi viziti Sedga”,

“kviris palitra”, 17 dekemberi, 2001

143. “naSuadRevs”, t/k “pirveli arxi”, 16 noemberi, 2001

144. nikuraZe, rusudan, “ratom “gamoamwyvdia” ruseTma teroristebi pankisis

xeobaSi?”, “droni”, 11 ianvari, 2001

145. nikuraZe, rusudan, “moskovSi xumrobdnen, “SevardnaZes Sin ar

Caesvlebao”, “droni”, 4 dekemberi, 2001

146. nodia, naTia, “am xelisuflebis politikuri kursi qveyanas TurqeTis

guberniobas uqadis”, “marTali gazeTi”, #60, dekemberi, 2001

147. papunaSvili, maia, “erTi kvira, anu, igiveni da ivane merabiSvili”,

“axali 7 dRe”, 20 aprili, 2001

148. popiaSvili, magda, “ministrTa kabinetma Cailuris wyali dalia”, “alia”,

16 maisi, 2000

149. ramiSvili, levan, “eduard damabnelebeli” uSuqobas Seewireba!”,

“rezonansi”, 15 noemberi, 2000

150. ramiSvili, levan, “revoluciidan revoluciamde erTi nabijia”,

“rezonansi”, 18 noemberi, 2000

151. “ra xdeba presis sanaxebSi”, “dilis gazeTi”, 10 ivlisi, 2000

216

152. “rezonansi”, “saqarTvelo aris sasinji qva, romelic ruseT-amerikas

Soris urTierTobas gaarkvevs, “rezonansi”, 10 ianvari, 2001

153. rusitaSvili, Tea, “didi politikuri SeTqmuleba csk-Si da revanSi 2,5

milionad”, “qronika”, 20 maisi, 2002

154. sanebliZe, armaz, “saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierToba axal fazaSi

Sedis”, “saqarTvelos respublika”, 2 dekemberi, 2001

155. saqarTvelos prezidentis pres-samsaxuris gancxadeba, “saqarTvelos

respublika”, 2 agvisto, 2002

156. saqarTvelos prezidentis radiointerviu, “saqarTvelos respublika”, 6

agvisto, 2002

157. telekompaniebi: “I arxi”, “me-9 arxi”, 4-6 ianvris sainformacio

programebi, 2002

158. tuRuSi, laSa, saredaqcio statia, “rezonansi”, 22 maisi, 2000

159. “uol sTriT jornal”, “moskovis uzarmazari zewola saqarTveloze”,

“droni”, 13 ianvari, 2001

160. faCulia, merab, “saqarTvelo optimizmis mixedviT msoflioSi meorea”,

“rezonansi”, 17 ianvari, 2005

161. firaliSvili, zaza, “gaWianurebuli revolucia”, “marTali gazeTi”,

#^3,4, ivlisi, 2000

162. RoRoberiZe, zurab, “Sexvedra moskovSi _ saqarTvelosTvis brZola

gadamwyvet fazaSi Sedis”, “7 dRe”, 24 maisi, 2000

163. SatakiSvili, rezo, “ratom gvaSineben katastrofis molodiniT, anu ra

gansxvavebaa Suqsa da zviads Soris”, “dilis gazeTi”, 20 noemberi, 2000

164. CafiZe, eliso, “wrTvnisa da aRWurvis programa ar unda CaiSalos”,

“rezonansi”, 20 ivlisi, 2002

165. CafiZe, eliso, “morige redaqtoris sveti”, “rezonansi”, 1 agvisto, 2002

166. WabaSvili, kaxa, “saqarTvelo mesame msoflio omis wina xazze”, “axali

meridiani”, 24 seqtemberi, 2001

167. xatiaSvili, qeTi, “ruseTi Tu DdasavleTi... iqneb neitraliteti?”,

“alia”, 13 Tebervali, 2001

168. xatiaSvili, qeTi, “nino burjanaZis sensaciuri reitingi”, “alia”, 2

seqtemberi, 2003

169. xatiaSvili, luka, “dRes SevardnaZes buSis saidumlo werils

gadascemen”, “rezonansi”, 3 agvisto, 2002

170. xorbalaZe, Tamar, “didi” klounada” saqarTveloSi”, “droni”, 8

dekemberi, 2001

217

171. xurciZe, mamuka, “ruseTis qarTvelofobiuri demarSebi yovelgvar

kompromiss gamoricxavs”, “axali meridiani”, 12 oqtomberi, 2001

“2000-2005 wlebis qartuli presis ziritadi sazogadoebriv ... laura... · iv.javaxisvilis saxelobis...

Documents