2- ylaa - ph chart - jci format 2

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JAFZA Johnson Control Training Center – Dubai –UAE

Operation and Technical Training

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Air Cooled Chiller

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Jonson Control York YLAA Chiller

Basic:�System understanding

�Nomenclature

�Refrigerant Type

�Understanding Pressure / Temperature Chart

Intermediate:�Understanding of PH diagram.

�Thermal Expansion Valve Adjustment

�Refrigeration Cycle.

Advance:�YLAA Refrigeration Cycle.

�Capacity Control.

�Refrigerant Charging (R410).

�Adjusting Sub-cooling and Super heat.

�Operation and programming

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RefrigerantsRefrigerants

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ODP

OZONE DEPLETION

CFCCHLORINE DAMAGESTHE OZONE LAYER

CO2(98% to 99%

of Chiller GWP)TEWI

GLOBAL WARMING

GWP

HCFC

HFC (No chlorine)

(Less chlorine)

RefrigerantR11,R12

R22

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R11 , R12 , R13 , R113 , R114 , R115 , R500 , R502 , R503

Mostly used on Centrifugal Chillers

RETROFIT EXISTING CHILLERS WITH HCFC R123 (Open Drive)

RETROFIT WITH HFC R134a (Synthetic Oil)

HCFC REFRIGERANTS NOT PRODUCED IN EUROPE AFTER 2010

R22 IS THE MOST COMMONLY USED REFRIGERANT IN AIR CONDITIONING

R22 Chillers are usually reciprocating and will be replaced.

HCFC refrigerants not produced by global signatorie s after 2030

Refrigerants Used In chillersRefrigerants Used In chillers

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GWPHCFC - R22 = 1700

HFC - R134a = 1200

HFC - R407C = 1500

HFC - R410a = 1890

HFC - R404a = 3750

Global Warming Potential (GWP)Global Warming Potential (GWP)Global Warming Potential (GWP)

(100a) CO2 = 1.0

100a = 100 year time horizon

The number is a comparison to an atom of carbon dioxide CO2 equal to one with a life of 100 years

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HFC RefrigerantsHFC Refrigerants

R134a and R407C are the new refrigerants most co mmonly used in Chillers.

GWP 1500. Cooling capacity approximately 6% less t han R22.Blend. COP 3rd

GWP 1200. Cooling capacity up to 35% less than R22.COP 2nd

R717 Ammonia GWP = Zero. Cooling capacity appro ximately 8% greater than R22.Unpleasant effects. COP 1st

H2O ABSORPTION CHILLERS. COP 4th

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100 °C

0,7 bar1 bar

1,5 bar

110 °C

3 000 m ü. M.

0 m ü. M.

90 °C

Air pressure and boiling point of water depend on t he height above sea level

Physical Principles of HVAC systems

100 °C

90 °C

110 °C

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2 1 0

2 0 0

1 9 0

1 8 0

1 7 0

1 6 0

1 5 0

1 4 0

1 3 0

1 2 0

1 1 0

1 0 0

9 0

8 0

7 0

6 0

5 0

4 00 1 00 2 00 3 0 0 4 00 5 00 6 0 0 7 00 8 00 9 00 1 00 0 1 10 0 1 20 0 1 30 0 1 4 0 0 1 50 0 1 60 0 1 7 0 0 1 80 0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8

(k P a )

(b a r )

(°C )

Tem

pera

tur

D a m p fd ru ck

Temperature-pressure diagram of saturated steam

Pressure


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115

100

-335 2257419

28,3

0 419 2676 2704,3h (kJ / kg)

°C

010 A

B CD

Temperature-enthalpy diagram of water at air pressu re of 1013 mbar


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Pre

ssur

e

PRESSURE ENTHALPY DIAGRAM

Compressor

Pressure - Enthalpy Curve Pressure - Enthalpy Curve

High Pressure Liquid Low Pressure Liquid Low Pressure Saturated Vapour

Low Pressure Superheated Vapour High Pressure Superheated Vapour

Chilled WaterIN

Chilled WaterOUT

Tem

pera

ture

o C 12Water

CondenserSubcooling

Low PressureSuperheatedVapour

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Exp

ansi

on V

alve

(Pre

ssur

e re

duct

ion)

Enthalpy (Total Heat)

Tem

pera

ture

o C

Air Cooled Condenser

Evaporator

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P / H Chart Over View

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1. Isobars (bar) -- Line of constat Pressure

2. Isotherms (°C ) -- Line of constant Temp erature

3. Isenthalpic (KJ/kg) -- Line of Constant Enthalpy

4. Isentropic (KJ/kg °K) -- Line of Constant Specific E nthalpy

5. Isovolume (m³/kg) -- Line of Constant Volume

6. Isotitles (%) -- Line of Constant Quality ( Vapor)

7. Isochorev (m³/kg °K) -- Line of Constant Specific V olume

PH Chart Curves

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Isobars ( Bar )– Lines of Constant Pressure

Isobar 10 Bar

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Isenthalpic ( Kj/Kg ) – Lines of Constant Enthalpy

Isenthalpic 240 Kj/Kg

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Isotherms – Lines of Constant Temperature

Isotherm

10 °C

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Isotitles – Lines of Constant Quality ( % Vapor )

Isotitles %30

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Isentropic ( Kj / Kg °K ) – Line of Constant Specific Enthalpy

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Isochorev - Lines of Constant Specific Volume

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Refrigeration Cycle , Sub cool & Super Heat Effect.

Check the below points by changing the , Pressure, Subcooling, super heating :

1. Lift

2. Head of Compression

3. Compression Ratio

4. COP

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What are the Formulas for :

Suction Superheat =

Liquid Subcooling =

C.O.P. =

Compression Ratio =

Saturation Temp – Actual Suction Temp

Condensing Saturation Temp – Actual liquid Temp

Net Refrigeration EffectPower Input

Absolute Discharge PressureAbsolute Suction Pressure

1. Adjusting Sub – cooling Temperature

2. Adjust Superheat Temperature

3. Control the chiller or equipment efficiency ( COP).

4. Keep the Compressor in safe running condition.

PH Chart Benefits of Use

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Nomenclature

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Component location

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Component location

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Air-Cooled Reciprocating ChillerAir-Cooled Reciprocating Chiller

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DX Evaporator

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Reciprocating Compressor

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Stop Valves

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Condenser Coils

Condenser Coils

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Air-Cooled Reciprocating ChillerAir-Cooled Reciprocating ChillerCondenser

Fans

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Thermal Expansion

Valve

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Air-Cooled Reciprocating ChillerAir-Cooled Reciprocating ChillerCondenser

Fans

DX Evaporator

Thermal Expansion

Valve

Condenser Coils

Condenser Coils

Reciprocating Compressor

Stop Valves

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PIPEWORK ARRANGEMENT

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Evaporator pressure Drop

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Refrigeration System , Accessory Components

Secondary Components

� Service Valves

� Shutoff Valves

� Filter-Driers

� Sight Glasses

� Liquid Line Solenoid Valves

� Hot Gas Bypass Valve

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Suction Service Valve

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Shutoff Service Valve (King Valve)

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Filter-Driers

Types

� Permanent

� Removable Core

Removes moisture, scale or other foreign material t hat may become mixed in refrigerant

Permanent Removable Core

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Filter-DrierRegardless of type the main purpose is to filter any foreign material from the refrigerant

Desiccant core removes moisture and small dirt collected in refrigerant

Internal screens filter any solid material (metal chips)

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Permanent

Removable Core

Filter-Drier

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Filter Driers

Condenser

Evaporator

High-Pressure Vapor

High-Pressure Liquid

Low-Pressure Mixture

Low-Pressure Vapor

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Sight GlassVisual indication whether system is contaminated with moisture

� Green is dry, Yellow is wet

Shows bubbles which could indicate problem

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Sight Glass

High-Pressure Vapor



Low-Pressure Vapor

Condenser

Evaporator

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Solenoid Valve� Automatically actuated valve Usually normally closed

� Stops flow of refrigerant when activated

� Typically installed in liquid line

� Used to eliminate liquid refrigerant “slugging” the compressor at startup

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Liquid Line Solenoid Valve

High-Pressure Vapor



Low-Pressure Vapor

Condenser

Evaporator

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Hot Gas Bypass Valve

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Refrigeration Cycle W/HGB

High-Pressure Vapor



Low-Pressure Vapor

Condenser

Evaporator

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CONTROL / POWER PANEL COMPONENTS (CONT)

Control Signal input

Control

Signal output

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YORK MILLENNIUM CONTROL CENTER

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STATUS KEY

By pressing the STATUS KEY related parameter for individual systems,SYS 1 and, SYS 2 messages will both be displayed and may be different.

General Messages

�Remote Controlled Shutdown�Daily Schedule Shutdown�*Flow Switch/Remote Stop�System X Switch Off�System X No Cool Load�System X Comps Run�System X AR Timer�System X Zone�Thermostat Off�System X AC Timer�System X Disch Limiting�System X Suct Limiting�System X % Load Limiting�Manual Overide Status�System X Pumping Down

Fault Messages

System Safeties�System X High Disch Pressure�System X Low Suct Pressure�System X MP/HPCO Fault

Unit Safeties�Low Ambient Temp�115VAC Under voltage�Low Battery�Check Prog/Setup/Option

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�Evaporator Discharge Air Temperature

�Ambient Air Temperature

�System 1 Suction and Discharge Pressure

�System 1 Suction Temperature

�System 2 Suction and Discharge Pressure

�System 2 Suction Temperature

�*System X Accumulated Run Times

�*System X Accumulated Starts

�**Load and Unload Timers

�**Cooling Demand Steps

�**Lead System Indicator

�Evaporator Pump Contact Status

�Remote Control Active

�*System X Number of Compressors Running

�*System X Run Time

�Sys 1 LLSV & HGSV Status

�*System X Condenser Fan Staging

OPER DATA KEY

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Entry Keys

The Entry Keys allows the user to view, change programmed values.

The ENTRY keys consist of an UP ARROW key, DOWN ARROW key, and an ENTER/ADV key.

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Cooling Setpoints Key

By Pressing cooling setpoints after scroll down the display there would be access to change cooling set points and you will see this display :

This shows (Discharge Air Temperature control)

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Unit KEY

There are eleven programmable options (nine for unitswith a single refrigerant system) under the OPTIONSkey. The OPTIONS key is used to scroll through thelist of options by repeatedly pressing the OPTIONS key.After the selected option has been displayed, the UPand DOWN arrow keys are then used to change thatparticular option. After the option is changed, the ENTER/ADV key must be pressed to enter the data into memory.

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Capacity Control

The setpoint in Discharge Air Temperature Control is the temperature the condensing unit will control to within +/- the control range. The setpoint High Limit is the Setpoint plus the Cooling Range.

The Setpoint Low Limit is the Setpoint minus the Cooling Range.

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Thank you for your attention.

Wish you all the best and successful work.

2- ylaa - ph chart - jci format 2

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