2 nd grading period 1. you are half way through world history…good job! some of you know what you...
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2nd Grading Period • 1. You are half way through World History…good
job! Some of you KNOW what you need to work on in order to improve your grades. PLEASE retake tests- that is the BEST way to improve your grade.
• 2. What are your study skills/habits? Do you actually study for tests? How do you study? Do you make flashcards, highlight, re-read, re-watch Crash Course, read through the textbook, verbally explain material to others, etc??????
• 3. Are you turning in your binder for the notebook checks every unit? Remember they count for both a HW and QUIZ grade!
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Unit 5 deals with REVOLUTIONS
As a brief overview:
•There are 4 topics in this unit:– 1. The Scientific Revolution– 2. The Enlightenment (Age of Reason)– 3. The American and French Revolutions– 4. The Industrial Revolution
• Welcome to MODERN HISTORY
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Unit 5: The Era of Revolutions Topic 1: The Scientific Revolution
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MAKE A LIST:Write down at least 5 things in your life that make your life better, but that you might not be able to create on your own.
Ex: I LOVE my coffee maker, but there is no way I could create it from scratch.
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• Turning Points in History- The Scientific Revolution
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Old Views before the Scientific Revolution
• Aristotle- 300 BC, Greek philosopher theorized Geocentric Theory• Ptolemy - 2nd Century AD, Greek astronomer agreed w/ Aristotle• Geocentric Theory – the earth is center of universe
– Universe made up of 10 spheres, earth in center– All planets/stars move in fixed orbits
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Geocentric Theory
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Ptolemy’s Universe
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Keep in mind….
• The church backed up the Geocentric Theory. – Biblically, Creationism describes the earth
being created, thus it made sense to people that that earth WAS the CENTER of everything because there was a description of God creating it.
– The Roman Catholic Church was the SOURCE of power at this time.
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Copernicus- 1500s• Polish astronomer
– Heliocentric Theory – the sun is center of universe– Earth and other planets rotate around sun– Earth rotates on axis
• Church wasn’t worried- JUST a theory, no absolute proof
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Kepler
• German astronomer/mathematician– Confirmed Copernicus’ ideas– Proved planets had elliptical (oval) orbits around sun, not circular
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Galileo (clip)
• Lived in Florence, Italy
• Built a telescope to observe surface of moon– Inspired by Dutch eyeglass maker – found moon wasn’t flat
• Saw moons orbiting around Jupiter, sunspots, etc.
• PROVED Copernicus’ Heliocentric theories CORRECT
• Greatly published his findings; called before Inquisition (Roman Catholic Church court)
• Forced to recant- lived last years of his life under house arrest and was also blind
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Using your textbook, complete the following graphic organizer on significant scientists:
WHO: WHAT:
Newton:Newton:
Copernicus:Copernicus:
Galileo:Galileo:
Descartes:Descartes:
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Isaac Newton• English
physics/mathematics professor– Wrote Principia (3 laws of
motion)
• Universal law of gravity• Calculus• Saw world as machine with
laws always operating the same way
• READ laws of motion to the right
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Rene Descartes (“ Day-cart”)
• French thinker and mathematician– Emphasis on doubt and reason
• Doubt something- if you can’t prove it….
• “I think, therefore I am”– Famous quote proving he exists
because he is alive to question his existence….
• Father of modern rationalism
• clip
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Inductive Reasoning andScientific Method
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Medicine
• Galen 2nd Century physician– Relied on animal rather than human dissection
• Vesalius 16th Century physician– Dissected human cadavers for better
understanding of human anatomy
• Harvey– Proved heart center of circulation system– Proved arteries and veins pump same type of
blood
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Chemistry
• Van Leeuwenhoek- – improved the 1st microscope
• Boyle’s Law – – volume of gas varies with amount of pressure
put on it– Defined an element
• Lavoisier – – system of naming chemical elements
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Sir Francis Bacon
• English thinker
• Scientific method – – systematic procedure for collecting and
analyzing evidence
• Inductive method/empiricism – – small to large, observe, experiment, test
hypothesis
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• Using your text and readings, explain in at least 2-3 sentences how the role of the church changed as new discoveries were made and new technologies were utilized (use book if needed).
Give
at least
2 examples.
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Astrolabe
Remember from EXPLORATION?
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Earn 5 points on the Unit 5 TEST
Over SPRING BREAK, complete a Scientific experiment using the Scientific Method.
-see following slide for details and requirements
- due FIRST DAY back from Spring Break
- extra credit can’t be turned in late (unless absent)
-My favorite experiment was how to fit an unbroken egg into a glass bottle
- some students experimented on the scientific properties on which soda makes the most fizz when a mentos is added, etc.
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Extra Credit: An experiment !!!!!!!!• Use the steps of the Scientific Method• Choose an experiment to do at home
– Should be: Controlled, relatively simple, safe, and ethical !!!!!!!!!!!!!
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LENGTH: Should be at least 1 page written and 1 page for visual
1. Choose experiment, document your question, and form a hypothesis.
2. Document your experiment and results - Walk us through all the steps
3. Don’t falsify data if experiment doesn’t go how you expected. - What happened? What did you learn to do next time?
4. Create a visual to show the steps of your experiment - Be creative !!!!
- Have a title for your experiment, visuals must be in color, must be NEAT, spelled correctly…..create on computer if your handwriting is illegible.
- This needs to be created by you , based on your experiment.
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Scientific Revolution Essay“The Scientific Revolution largely resulted from the work of a
handful of great intellectuals.”
“Changes in European civilization encouraged the development of new ideas that became the basis for the Scientific Revolution.”
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Based on these two quotes, respond to this question in one page …
-In the Scientific Revolution, did the people make the times, or did the times make the people?
-Be sure to include specific examples (scientists, inventions, movements, etc.)
.
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Check
• 1. Explain the helio/geocentric theories.
• 2. Explain why Kepler is significant
• 3. Explain why Galileo is significant.
• 4. Why is Newton significant?
• 5. Explain “I think, therefore I am”.
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Warm Up
• Read “The Two Views on Society” and answer the question comparing Hobbes and Locke on how their view of human nature differs (p. 576).
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Additional Work
• Not assigned Spring 2015
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Complete the map on Europe, using p. R40 in the text (label).
Color the map using at least 4-5 colors.
Outline the countries.~~~~~~~~
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Independent Practice!
• Complete the handout on the Scientific Revolution using p. 567-573 in the text. – Use the four correlating sub-categories to fill in the
graphic organizer• Dawn of Modern Science• Discoveries in Astronomy, Physics, and Math• Discoveries in Biology and Chemistry• Science and Society
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Trial of GalileoTrial of Galileo1. Complete the handout individually.
2. Discuss your argument with your group.3. THE TRIAL!