2 2009/10 object oriented technology 1 topic 2: introduction to object-oriented approach reference:...
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2009/10 Object Oriented Technology 1
Topic 2:Introduction to
Object-Oriented Approach
Reference: Ch.16 Current Trends in System Development (Satzinger: Systems Analysis & Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition)
Appendix B (C. Tsang: Object-Oriented Technology from Diagram to Code with Visual Paradigm for UML)
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Learning Objectives
1. Describe the features and characteristics of the Unified Process (UP)
2. Recognize features of the Unified Modeling Language (UML)
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1. The Unified Process (UP)
Object-oriented system development methodology (system development process)
Offered by Rational / IBM, UP developed by Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson
UP is an iterative, evolutionary and adaptive method
Project will be use-case driven and modeled using UML
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1.1 The Unified Process Life Cycle
UP life cycle Includes 4 phases which consist of iterations Iterations are “mini-projects”
Inception – develop and refine system vision Elaboration – define requirements and design
and implement core architecture Construction – continue design and
implementation of routine, less risky parts Transition – move the system into operational
mode
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The Unified Process Life Cycle (Figure 16-1)
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1.2 UP Phases and Objectives (Figure 16-2)
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1.3 The UP Disciplines
UP defines disciplines used within each phase
Discipline – set of functionally related development activities
Each iteration includes activities from all disciplines
Activities in each discipline produce artifacts – models, documents, source code, and executables
Learning CIS/MIS means learning techniques from these disciplines
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1.3 The UP Disciplines (continued)
Six main UP development disciplines
Business modeling, requirements, design, implementation, testing, and deployment
Three additional support disciplines
Project management, configuration and change management, and environment
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UP Disciplines Used in Varying Amounts in Each Iteration (Figure 16-3)
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UP Life Cycle Model Showing Phases, Iterations, and Disciplines (Figure 16-4)
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Iterative and Evolutionary
One iteration
Requirements
Design
Implementation &Test & Integration
& More Design
Final Integration & System Test
Requirements
Design
3 weeks (for example)The system grows incrementally.
Feedback from iteration N leads to refinement and adaptation of the requirements and design in iteration N+1.
Iterations are fixed in length, or timeboxed.
Time
Implementation &Test & Integration
& More Design
Final Integration & System Test
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2. The Unified Modeling Language (UML)
is a set of diagrammatic techniques, specifically tailored for object-oriented development,
has become an industry standard for modeling object-oriented systems
has been approved as a development standard by the Object Management Group
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2.1 The UML diagrams
Use case diagram Captures the requirements of the system being developed
How the system interacts with the users
Class diagram Used to describe the types of objects and their relationships
by providing a static and structural view of a system in terms of classes and relationships
Interaction diagram Two types of interaction diagrams: the sequence diagram
and the collaboration diagram
How the objects interact to achieve the functionality of a use case
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2.1 The UML diagrams (continued)
Activity diagram
Used to model workflow and computational flow
Used to elaborate the execution flow of a use case
State diagram, or state machine diagram
Represents state machines from the perspective of states and transitions, describing all the possible states that a particular object can get into and how the object’s state changes as a result of events that affect the object
Component diagram
Show the different software components of the system and the dependencies between them
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2.1 The UML diagrams (continued)
Package diagram
A package contains UML diagrams and may contain other packages, Related diagrams are usually grouped in a single package
Deployment diagram
Used to describe the runtime mapping of software components to the hardware resources (nodes)
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Relationships between the UML models
Activity Diagram
UseCase
Interaction Diagram
Class Diagram
State Diagram
elaborated by
realized by
Textual Analysis
realized by
describedbyuse
summarize
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Summary
UP is an Object-oriented system development methodology
UP projects are modeled using UML
UML specifies a variety of diagrams to capture the static, dynamic and behavioral aspects of a system