1st year lecture 6 education in the uk
TRANSCRIPT
THE BRITISH EDUCATION SYSTEMAn Overview
So British! “Public Schools” in GB are not public but
privately owned and run (upper class children are educated in Public Schools)
While education is compulsory until 18, schooling is only compulsory to 16
MMost schools in England require children to wear a school uniform.
Why uniforms?
A sense of pride and discipline Creates identity for a school Everyone is equal. No expensive clothes for children Stop worrying about what to wear each
day
Purpose of Education
Teach basics – reading, writing, math National tests at ages 7 and 11 in English,
Maths and Science. Socialize: children taught rules and
values needed to become good citizens
State heavily involved –when, where, how and what children taught
GCSE Exams mark the end of compulsory schooling.
Education organization Primary & secondary
Stages of Education: Primary education age (5-11) Secondary Education (11-16-18) Higher Education (18+)
Education overseen by the United Kingdom's Department for Education
Local government authorities are responsible for implementing policy for public education and state schools at a local level.
Secondary SchoolsState Schools
Brightest students get a grant to go to Grammar Schools.
Others go to Comprehensive Schools until 16
Schools ran by Local Education Authorities
Since the 1988 Education Act, schools can opt out and thus become autonomous in budget.
Problems with the state system
Problems with the state system
Schools opting out can resort to whatever measure to decrease costs (Lowering maintenance costs, larger classes, underpaid and overworked teachers…)
Inner city schools: concentration of the least privileged population -> 40% of pupils hardly speak English -> greater risk of failure -> more dropouts.
National Curriculum, but System promotes regional differences and disparities, (regional accents)
Secondary SchoolsIndependent Schools
Wealthier parents send their children to fee-paying independent schools, where children are put on the road to wealth, success & influence.
Grammar schools: 7 Boarding ( like Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester,…) + 2 day schools
A significant number of influential people in the UK went to this type of grammar school.
Famous Etonians
• Out of 53 Prime Ministers 19 went to Eton
• Only 10 had « normal » secondary education
Higher Education As with secondary education, most
universities in the UK are dominated by top universities: Oxford and Cambridge.
Role of Oxbridge in perpetuating the Establishment
The most influential people in the UK tend to graduate from these universities.
Their history and reputation tends to attract the smartest scholars
Famous Oxonians HM King Abdullah II of Jordan
Famous Oxonians Hugh Grant, Actor
Famous Oxonians
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, former President and Prime Minister of Pakistan
Famous Oxonians
Bill Clinton, Former President of the USA
Famous Oxonians
Margareth Thatcher, Former Prime Minister UK
Out of 53 Prime Ministers 26 graduated from Oxford and 14 from Cambridge
University
Prestige of Humanities: Studying “useless” subjects is a sign of class
The system can contribute to enhance social differences.
With public schools, Oxford and Cambridge are the places where many of the decision makers are produced
University Funding
Education is funded by government grants.
Pupils apply directly to university or college
When accepted, they apply for a maintenance grant
Maintenance grants cover living expenses and their tuition fees.
Rising cost of higher education
Tuition fees Consecutive reforms to rise tuition
fees 1996: 1,000 £ 2015:9,000£ Rising student debt Threat to diversity
Protests in London Nov. 5, 2015
Nov2016
measures to rank universities according to graduate
employment rates and
student satisfaction,
Education and Social Classes Education system in Britain
decentralized It is oriented towards the
perpetuation of the existing social order
Prevents the disappearance of the most useful means of social discrimination:
The accent.
Social Mobility and education Margaret Thatcher. Discovered Power at Oxford, but once Prime Minister, forced
universities to turn towards private funding
As Education Minister, known as the milk snatcher
As Prime Minister, took elocution lessons so that her accent would not betray her humble origins.
Unequal chances before the age of 3, few child
minding facilities Often mothers sacrifice their career Wealthier families pay nannies From the outset children do not
enjoy equal chances
Controversial questions in education• What sort of English should students
learn?• Should students be forced to speak
in a standardized way rather than regional accents
Other controversial questions: Educational policy can determine if
class inequality can be erased or continued
The poorest would have less chances of accessing higher education and Oxbridge