Minority: less than half the wholeRace: group of common origin with common genetic characteristicsRacism: belief that members of 1 race are inferior or superior to another race, identification with race and hostility to other races.Ethnicity: Common consciousness of shared origins and traditions. Differences between ethnic minorities are cultural and not biological. Ethnic identity often linked to national, linguistic and religious identity,

Segregation: Groups live apart, either by minority choice or majority imposition.Discrimination: the practice of unfairly treating a person or group of people differently from other people or groups of people. …Assimilation: Disappearance of cultural and other distinctions and restrictions of movement and marriage between ethnic groups Coexistence of different groups with different values with no complete assimilation (possible segregation). Multiculturalism: diversity of groups which remain culturally distinct and differences may even be supported by the state.

White88%

Other12%

HISTORY OF BRITISH IMMIGRATION1914-1918

WWI Men from across the Empire fought for BritainIndia: 1.3 M SoldiersGovernment feared the impact of black faces in white Britain (race riots in 1919)

British TroopsThe British Indian Army

1.3 million men served in WW1, and 2.5 million in WW2. Volunteer Indian Soldiers under British officers.

Before the Second World War, most Commonwealth immigrants to Britain came from the largely white Old Commonwealth countries of Canada, Australia and New Zealand, and from South Africa. All Commonwealth citizens were allowed free access and were not treated as aliens.

HISTORY OF BRITISH IMMIGRATION1946-1948Labour shortages in Britain. The government began looking for immigrants. 157,000 Poles settled in the UK (joined by Italians)Reluctance to allow immigration from the empire, but not enough workers from Europe.

Visuals

At the invitation of government agencies immigrants came to fill the vacant manual and lower-paid jobs of an expanding economy

People from non-white New Commonwealth nations of India, Pakistan and the West Indies came to Britain

On 22 June 1948, hundreds of men from the West Indies were brought to London.

FIRST CARIBBEAN IMMIGRANTS

FAMILIES IN TRAFALGAR SQUARE 1

FAMILIES IN TRAFALGAR SQUARE 2

INDIAN IMMIGRANTS

1965 RACE RELATIONS ACT Ends discrimination on the grounds of

race, ethnic or national origins Outlaws discrimination in public places

legislation considered weak by labour backbenchers and anti-racist groups

Extended in1968 to cover employment & housing

1976 RACE RELATIONS ACT Better definition of direct and indirect

discrimination outlawed racial discrimination in the work

place and at school, in provision of goods and services,

created CRE (Commission for Racial Equality) to investigate unlawful discrimination.

But tightened immigration standards

STEPHEN LAWRENCE 1974 -1993

A black British man from South East London.Was murdered in a racist attack while waiting for a bus on the evening of 22 April 1993.

Two of the 5 perpetrators were convicted almost 20 years later in 2012.

RACE EQUALITY STRATEGY, RACE RELATIONS AMENDMENT/ACT, 2000

A public enquiry was ordered into the death of Stephen Lawrence conducted by Macpherson

Following Macpherson's report, the 1976 Act was amended in 2000 to include the police for the first time.

Public bodies must promote race equality & prevent race discrimination.

Efforts to increase minority ethnic staff.

NON-WHITE POPULATION White population: 87.9%

BRITISH POPULATION BY ETHNIC GROUP

White population: 55 M Total Asians: 4.4 M

Indian 1.5 Pakistani 1.2 Bangladeshi 450,000 Chinese 420,000

Total Blacks:4.9 M

PEOPLE WITH NO QUALIFICATIONS BY ETHNIC GROUP IN 2011

Bangladeshi

Pakistani

White and Black Caribbean

Black Caribbean

Other Black

Indian

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

ETHNIC MINORITIES IN LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS.

2/5th of people from ethnic minorities live in low-income households, twice the rate for White people.

Limiting long-term illness as compared to White British

ETHNIC MINORITIES – HEALTH INEQUALITY

LIFESTYLES OF ETHNIC MINORITIES 

Minorities have their own newspapers: Caribbean Time, Asian Time and Amar Deep Hindi

They have their own political organizations:The Standing Conference of Afro-Caribbean The Asian CouncilorsThe Black Against State Harassment and Repression GroupsThe Muslim Parliament

LIFESTYLES OF ETHNIC MINORITIES 2

Household size: largest for Bangladeshi and Pakistani

Employment: Indians were least disadvantaged & Bangladeshis most disadvantaged.

Home ownership: Indians &Pakistanis higher / Caribbean and Bangladeshi rented houses

Cars: Highest for Indians lowest for Bangladeshi

LIFESTYLES OF ETHNIC MINORITIES 3

Ability to speak and read English: greatest among Indians and least among Bangladeshis

Patterns of religious affiliation: - All Pakistanis and Bangladeshis Muslims- Indians split: Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims. - Caribbeans mainly Protestant or Catholic

INTEGRATION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN PUBLIC LIFE

the Civil Service: In 2015, 11% of Civil Servants were from minority ethnic groups. This compares with 7% in the UK Armed Forces.

INTEGRATION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN PUBLIC LIFE

the NHS has the largest share of ethnic minorities. 18% of all NHS staff and around 41% of Doctors in England are from an ethnic minority background.

ETHNIC MINORITIES IN POLITICS

ETHNIC MINORITIES IN POLITICS 6% of Members of both Houses are from an

ethnic minority background.

Lady Doreen Lawrence Mother of Stephen Lawrence takes her seat in the House of Lords , 2013

MINORITIES IN POLITICS Born in Tooting, South London to a

working-class British Pakistani family

The Right Honourable, Sadiq Khan, 3rd Mayor of London