1st material introduction to literature

8/17/2019 1st Material Introduction to Literature

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The aims of literature learningTo widen our knowledge and visions to

understand more about some greatliterary works, famous authors, and theirthought" $t will also make us get

ac#uainted with their ideas, their feelings,and their attitudes towards life, man,nature and %od"


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The aims of literature learning$t is a means of transformation, that is, indirectly it

may lead the wrong back to the right path although

not all literary works are preaching and morali&ing"$nstances' !emingway’s The old man and the sea,ickens’s Oliver twist , )hakespeare’s Hamlet ,

%eorge *liot’s Silas Marner , +onathan )wift’sGullivers’s Travel, )tevenson’s Treasure Island andscar wilde’s Happy prince"

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The aims of literature learning1iterature helps us to be (become more

realistic, mature, wise and humane" $thelps understand human values,sentiments, interests and problems" $tbrings us closer to other human beings ofthe same or different nationalities,cultures, human values etc" we becomemore tolerant, balanced and fuller"


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What’s English literature?6arrow sense' anything that is written'

time tables, play’s dialogues, te7tbooks,travel brochures and so on"8road sense' The writing or the study of

*nglish books, etc valued as works of art(drama, fiction, essays, poetry, biography,contrasted with technical books and

journalism"it commonly refers to 8ritish

and American literature"


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1iterary genres


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The nature of good literature

%ood literature must seem lifelike and

meaningful" it is caused by its focus on

the central themes of all literature' life,

truth, justice and love"

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The nature of good literatureThe originality of the works of art"

$nstances' Hamlet and Machbeth werereal historical characters but then)hakespeare by his craftsmanship andstyle made out of these old figures andstories in a new and fascinating light"


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The nature of good literature$t should be life9enhancing" :atthew

Arnold said about poetry as a criticism oflife" Andre harjana says,0literature dealswith the the awakeing of mentalconscience and inner selfinsight0(;'"


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ome theories of Literature

;" imitative theory" e7pressive theory@" affective theory


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Imitati!e or "mimetic# theor$This theory holds that art is an imitation

of something" $n his -oetics, Aristotle(@=9@ 8" says, that a tragedy is animitation of an action that is serious andcomplete" it is not ;BBC imitation but a

/re9creation0 or /re9presentation0"


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The E%pressi!e theor$This theory holds that the artist is not essentially

an imitator but a man who e7presses his feelings"According to william wordsworth, /poetry is thespontaneous overflow of powerful feelings and /the poet’s job is to treat things 6T A) T!*A3*""but as they seem to e7ist to the sense, thepassion"0 more than that it is an effort to pluckthe blindfold from our eyes and melt the icearound our heart" $t will deepen our sensibilities"


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Affecti!e theor$Affective theory insists that the aim is not

to induce a temporary emotional state"8ut to induce emotional state that willlead to action" 1eo Tolstoy said thatemotion is not an end but a means"Ale7ander -ope said that the aim or art isto reform those whom it touches"

1st material introduction to literature

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