1st description of literature

7/29/2019 1st Description of Literature

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INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE

Compile bySantiana, S.S. M.Pd.


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What is literature, anyway?

Why do we study literature?

How do you study literature? Is there literature that's worth studying?

How do we make the distinction?

How does one critically think aboutliterature?

Basic questions about Literature


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What is Literature?SOME DEFINITIONS

Etymologically :1. Literatureis literally acquaintance with letters

(Latin litterameaning an individual writtencharacter/letter). The term has come to identify acollection of texts. As a proper noun it refers to a

whole body of literary work.2. We are concerned more with imaginative orcreative

writing. The kind of writing that is not real.

3. A text is a creation of the poet/author/dramatistavailable to an audience and meant to create animpact intellectual and emotional

4. Words are the literary artists tools. Literature isverbal art. Verbal art is a form of creative expressionusing words, (i.e. the ability to read, write, communicate(talking & listening) and comprehend.


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5. Literature is a form of art.

narrows its meaning, equates literature to works ofimagination or creative writing.

6. Literature is the art of written works.

7. Literature is a term used to describe written or spoken

material. Broadly speaking, "literature" is used to describe

anything from creative writing to more technical or scientificworks, but the term is most commonly used to refer to

works of the creative imagination, including works of poetry,

drama, fiction (prose), and nonfiction.

8. Sastra (Sanskerta: shastra) merupakan kata serapandari bahasa Sanskerta Sastra, yang berarti teks yang

mengandung instruksi atau pedoman, dari kata

dasarSasyang berarti instruksi atau ajaran dan Tra

yang berarti alat atau sarana.


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Dalam bahasa Indonesia kata ini biasadigunakan untuk merujuk kepada

kesusastraan atau sebuah jenis tulisan yang

memiliki arti atau keindahan tertentu.

Sastra atau Kesusastraan adalah

pengungkapan dari fakta artistik dan imajinatif

sebagai manifestasi kehidupan manusia (dan

masyarakat), melalui bahasa sebagai mediumyang memiliki efek positif terhadap kehidupan

manusia (kemanusiaan).


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Why study literature?

We study literature because1. It enriches us; for wisdom, for entertainment,

for an understanding of kinds human

experiences.2. It is deep, beautiful and moving.

3. It is an excellent way to sharpen your close

reading skills, enable critical thinking, andclean our general sense of art appreciation.


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4. It feeds our souls. Great works of

literature treat timeless themes that

resonate with readers across centuries.


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We need to study Literature

because... Literature introduces us to new worlds of

experience. We learn about books and

literature; We enjoy the comedies and thetragedies of poems, stories, and plays;

and we may even grow and evolve

through our literary journey with books.
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Literature helps us get attuned with our

feelings desires and sentiments like self-

denial passion, romance, anger, wrath,and (etc...) teaches us role playing when

you act out Shakespearean plays. It

improves vocabulary by forcingto readmore novels. Basically, just gets us

thinking about the finer things in life.


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Literature improves out

spelling,grammar,vocabulary, enriches our

mind, makes us more creativ, and opensup a world of ideas and possibilitiesthat

you might not have necessarily thought of

on your mind.


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How do we study literature? There are many critical ways to approach a text including the

formalist, biographical, historical, textual, psychological,mythological, sociological, deconstructionist, feminist, or

reader-response, semiotic etc.

Formalist critics focus on the formal elements of a text. They

examine the relationship between form and meaning,emphasizing how a work is arranged. This kind of close

reading pays special attention to diction, figures of speech,

plot, characterization, narrative technique, rhyme schemes,

meter etc. Formalists look at how these elements worktogether to give kind to a work while contributing to its

meaning. Information that goes beyond the text - biography,

history, politics, economics, and so on - are regarded as

extrinsic.


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Critically thinking about and reading literature

ANALYZE: What does the passage mean,

literally?

INTERPRET: What does it mean figuratively?

How do you read it and what suggests that

this is a valid interpretation?

QUESTION: What problems are suggested by

the reading? What philosophical question(s)

does the reading inspire?


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SYNTHESIZE: How does this reading

compare or contrast in content/form with

what you've read before?

EVALUATE: The writing. What criteria do

you use to establish this judgment? What

defines a first rate poem, play, story etc?


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What is goodliterature and what

is badliterature?1.Lasting impression

2.Stretches the imagination, complex3.Aesthetically pleasing, artistic

4.Message lines of culture and time

5.Accepted into the canon/norm

The important aspect beauty, honesty and the truth


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Appreciation to Literary ( to appreciate )

Reward Evaluate - Understand

Apresiasi dalam suatu karya mempunyai

tingkatan :(1) tingkat menggemari,

(2) tingkat menikmati,

(3) tingkat mereaksi, dan

(4) tingkat produktif.


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Literary Genres

Definition: categories used to groupdifferent types of literary work, such as

Fiction

Poetry Prose

Drama

Non-Fiction

Essay Biography

Autobiography

History

Memoir

Diary


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What is Poetry?

Poetry (from the Greek "poiesis", a "making" or"creating")

Poetry can be defined as literature in a metrical form or

a composition forming rhythmic lines. In short, a

poetry/poem is something that follows a particular flow of

rhythm and meter.Line the sentence of a poem the sentences in poetry can

be stretched, cut, interrupted, fragmented

Stanza the paragraph of a poem consists of a set of lines

puisi merupakan ragam sastra yang bahasanya terikat

oleh irama, matra, rima, serta penyusunan larik dan

bait


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What is Prose? The word prose comes from the Latin

prosa, meaning straightforward/honest,

hence the term "prosaic," which is often

seen a pejorative/underestimate.

Prosa merupakan aktivitas konstruktif, yaitu proses

penciptaan dengan cara menyebarkan kesan-kesan dari

ingatan.

Prosa merupakan pengucapan dengan pikiran,sedangkan Puisi merupakan pengucapan dengan

perasaan.


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What is Drama ?

Drama is defined by Aristotle as acriticism of life, on a stage, with action,

characters and dialogue. The Greek word

for deed or action is dram.

Drama ialah jenis sastra dalam bentuk puisi atau

prosa yang bertujuan menggambarkan kehidupan

lewat lakuan dan dialog (cakapan) para tokoh.Lazimnya dirancang untuk pementasan panggung.


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What is Essay ?

Essay, yaitu karangan pendek tentangsuatu fakta yang dikupas menurutpandangan pribadi penulisnya.

What is Biography ?

Biography, adalah cerita tentang hidupseseorang yang ditulis oleh orang lain.

What is Autobiography ? Autobiography, adalah biografi yang

ditulis oleh tokohnya sendiri.


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What is History ?

History adalah cerita tentang zamanlampau suatu masyarakat berdasarkansumber tertulis maupun tidak tertulis.

What is Memoir ?Memoir adalah otobiografi tentang sebagian

pengalaman hidup saja.

What is Diary ?Diary adalah catataan seseorang tentang

dirinya atau lingkungannya yang ditulis secarateratur.


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What is the difference between prose, poetry and

drama?

Poetry is a sample of literature written in verse

or meter.

Prose writing is usually adopted for thedescription of facts or the discussion of whatever

one's thoughts are, incorporated in free flowing

speech.

Drama is defined as a criticism of life, on astage, with action, characters and dialogue.

1st description of literature

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