1.distinguish between a cation and an anion. 2.which elements tend to form cations? anions? 3.using...
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1. Distinguish between a cation and an anion.
2. Which elements tend to form cations? anions?
3. Using a periodic table, predict the charge ion each of the following elements form:
a. calcium c. sulfurb. fluorine d. aluminum
Warm Up: December 4th
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Writing Formulas and Naming Chemical Compounds
• There are two types of chemical compounds:– ionic compounds– covalent (molecular) compounds
• Ionic Compounds are composed of a cation and an anion.– cations – positively charged ion (metals)– anions – negatively charged ion (nonmetals)
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Monoatomic Ions• Cations
– For monatomic cations, the name of the ion is the name of the element.
– examples:
Na+ = sodium ion
Mg2+ = magnesium ion
Al3+ = aluminum ion
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– Some metals are able to form more than one stable ion (polyvalent)
• usually transition elements• example: copper • forms Cu2+ and Cu+
• use Roman numerals to distinguish charge• copper (II) and copper (I)
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• Anions– Monoatomic anions are named by dropping the
ending of the element and replacing with the suffix “-ide”.
– examples:
Cl- = chloride ion
O2- = oxide ion
N3- = nitride ion
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Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
• The nomenclature, or naming system, or binary ionic compounds involves combining the names of the compound’s positive and negative ions.
• The name of the cation is given first, followed by the name of the anion:– example: Al2O3 — aluminum oxide
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Independent practice
1. What is the formula and name for Sodium and Oxygen?
2. What would the formula and name be for potassium and sulfur?
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The Stock System of Nomenclature
• Some elements such as iron, form two or more cations with different charges (polyvalent).
• To distinguish the ions formed by such elements, scientists use the Stock system of nomenclature.
• The system consists of a Roman numeral placed in parentheses after the metal name to indicate an ion’s charge.– examples: Fe2+ iron(II)– Fe3+ iron(III)
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The Stock System of Nomenclature
Write the formula and give the name for the compound formed by the ions Cr3+ and F–.
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Independent Practice
1. Give the formula for Chromium (II) Fluoride.
2. What is the name of Fe2O3?
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Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions
• Many common polyatomic ions are negatively charged and oxyanions— polyatomic ions that contain oxygen.
• Some elements can combine with oxygen to form more than one type of oxyanion.– example: nitrogen can form or .
3NO
nitrate nitrite
• The name of the ion with the greater number of oxygen atoms ends in -ate. The name of the ion with the smaller number of oxygen atoms ends in -ite.
2NO
3NO2NO
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• Some elements can form more than two types of oxyanions.– example: chlorine can form , ,
or .
• In this case, an anion that has one fewer oxygen atom than the -ite anion has is given the prefix hypo-.
• An anion that has one more oxygen atom than the -ate anion has is given the prefix per-.
hypochlorite chlorite chlorate perchlorate
ClO2ClO
3ClO4ClO
ClO2ClO
3ClO
4ClO
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Understanding Formulas for Polyatomic Ionic Compounds
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Give the formula for…
1. Potassium Chlorate
2. Hydrogen Sulfite
3. Tin(IV) sulfate.
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One Minute Paper• You have one minute to answer these two questions
concerning today’s lesson.
– What was the most important thing you learned?
– What is one question you would still like answered?