1dec/02 how does petroleum development oman manage road-safety ? an overview

1Dec/02

How does How does Petroleum Development OmanPetroleum Development Oman

manage Road-Safety ?manage Road-Safety ?

An OverviewAn Overview

2Dec/02

Contents/topics of this presentation:Contents/topics of this presentation:

• Introduction slides: statistics and RTA’sIntroduction slides: statistics and RTA’s• Road safety management: threats and controlsRoad safety management: threats and controls• Details: In Vehicle MonitoringDetails: In Vehicle Monitoring Systems Systems• Details: PDO’s new Defensive Driving ProgramDetails: PDO’s new Defensive Driving Program• Details: Safe Journey ManagementDetails: Safe Journey Management• Details: Night DrivingDetails: Night Driving• Details: the VehicleDetails: the Vehicle• Details: RAS (Roadworthiness Assurance System)Details: RAS (Roadworthiness Assurance System)• Details: Road Safety Monitoring TeamsDetails: Road Safety Monitoring Teams• Details: the Rules: know, understand and follow themDetails: the Rules: know, understand and follow them• Details: rolloversDetails: rollovers• Details: traffic laws “reckless driving penalties”Details: traffic laws “reckless driving penalties”• Details: load restraintDetails: load restraint• Details: RS actions required at a National LevelDetails: RS actions required at a National Level

How does PDO manage Road Safety: an overviewHow does PDO manage Road Safety: an overview

3Dec/02

Road transport is the backbone ofRoad transport is the backbone ofmodern society & economy:modern society & economy:

• FastFast• Comfortable & convenientComfortable & convenient• Provides communication linksProvides communication links• Generates jobs & incomeGenerates jobs & income• It is funIt is fun• It is essentialIt is essential• We can not & do not want to “live” without itWe can not & do not want to “live” without it

Road transport in the worldRoad transport in the world

4Dec/02

Road transport was the number 9 killerRoad transport was the number 9 killerin 1990 and will be number 3 in 2020:in 1990 and will be number 3 in 2020:

• 2500 die on the road 2500 die on the road every dayevery day• same as 6 full 747’s same as 6 full 747’s every dayevery day• 25-35% pedestrians25-35% pedestrians• 10-20% children under 1510-20% children under 15• cost: 1 billion US$ cost: 1 billion US$ every dayevery day• the suffering is NOT measurablethe suffering is NOT measurable• this is a world wide problemthis is a world wide problem

Road transport in the worldRoad transport in the world

5Dec/02

Oman Road Fatalities & Vehicle Numbers (1970-2001)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Fa

tali

tie

s

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

Ve

hic

les

Fatalities

Tot Nº Vehicles

Oman: 614 fatalities in 1998, 499 in 2001Oman: 614 fatalities in 1998, 499 in 2001

6Dec/02

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 '00 '01

PDO & Contractors: Road Safety PerformancePDO & Contractors: Road Safety Performance

Road Traffic Accidents per Million Km driven

RT

A’s

/ M

illio

n K

m Improving

Improving

BUT !BUT !

7Dec/02

1998 1999 2000 2001Millions km drivenMillions km driven 149149 116 116 118118 123123

Road AccidentsRoad Accidents 231231 144 144 158158 160160

RolloversRollovers 5151 32 32 4343 33 33

DeadDead 8 8 0 0 1010 8 8+1ptd+1ptd

2002: 4 Dead 5 LTI’s

Road Safety: Road Safety: 40% of the LTI’s (Lost Time Injury) 40% of the LTI’s (Lost Time Injury) 90% of the Fatalities90% of the Fatalities12000 drivers, 6000 vehicles12000 drivers, 6000 vehicles

PDO & Contractors: Road Safety PerformancePDO & Contractors: Road Safety Performance

8Dec/02

Private car: 2 Dead (5/Mar/2001)Private car: 2 Dead (5/Mar/2001)

Straight road near NizwaStraight road near Nizwa

Eid Holidays: 2 man drove Eid Holidays: 2 man drove from Yibal to Muscat after a from Yibal to Muscat after a 12 hr shift. Slept a few hours 12 hr shift. Slept a few hours and drove back to Yibal.and drove back to Yibal.

They died in a high speed roll-They died in a high speed roll-over on their way back to over on their way back to Yibal.Yibal.They were not wearing their They were not wearing their seatbelts.seatbelts.

9Dec/02Rollover !!Rollover !!

Blacktop road Fahud- NizwaBlacktop road Fahud- Nizwa

20/Nov/2001: Fatality + LTI20/Nov/2001: Fatality + LTI

Rules not followed:Rules not followed:

- JM for trips >20 km- JM for trips >20 km- Speed limit - Speed limit - RAS inspection- RAS inspection- No PDO driving permit- No PDO driving permit

10Dec/02

Bilal al Hosni was 44 yrs old. Bilal al Hosni was 44 yrs old. He was a father of 6 childrenHe was a father of 6 childrenHe did NOT wear his seatbeltHe did NOT wear his seatbeltHe sat ON it ! He rolled over. He sat ON it ! He rolled over.

He paid with He paid with his life. his life.

Private car: 1 Dead (13/Feb/02)Private car: 1 Dead (13/Feb/02)

Bilal workedBilal workedas a gardener as a gardener in Fahud. in Fahud. He provided a taxi service after a full He provided a taxi service after a full days work. He probably fell asleep at days work. He probably fell asleep at 01.00 hrs am on the road to Fahud01.00 hrs am on the road to Fahud

Nahada - Fahud road at nightNahada - Fahud road at night

11Dec/02

RTA Fatality 3-Apr-2002RTA Fatality 3-Apr-2002

What happened?:What happened?:Truck delivering line pipe to Fahud. Driver probably fell Truck delivering line pipe to Fahud. Driver probably fell asleep. Went straight of off the road, rolled-over and asleep. Went straight of off the road, rolled-over and jack-knifed. Cabin completely crushed. jack-knifed. Cabin completely crushed.

Result:Result:• Driver deadDriver dead• Family lost their fatherFamily lost their father• Lost truckLost truck

Learning:Learning:• JM plan NOT followedJM plan NOT followed• STOP when tiredSTOP when tired

12Dec/02

What happened?:What happened?:High bed trailer transporting a mobile crane which. Driver brakesHigh bed trailer transporting a mobile crane which. Driver brakeshard for potholes in the road. Crane brakes loose from its chainshard for potholes in the road. Crane brakes loose from its chainsand crashes into and crashes into the cabin killing the cabin killing the driver.the driver.

Result:Result:• Driver deadDriver dead• Lost truckLost truck

Learning:Learning:• Poor load Poor load

restraintrestraint• Wrong trailerWrong trailer

RTA Fatality 24-May-2002RTA Fatality 24-May-2002

13Dec/02

Stop the killing on our roadsStop the killing on our roads

Key Road Safety Problems in Oman:Key Road Safety Problems in Oman: SpeedingSpeeding Driver behaviour (overtaking, tailgating) Driver behaviour (overtaking, tailgating) Young driversYoung drivers Driver training and testingDriver training and testing Impaired drivers: fatigueImpaired drivers: fatigue Dangerous road locationsDangerous road locations Pedestrians Pedestrians Passenger protection (rear seat belts, children)Passenger protection (rear seat belts, children) Rescue system (communications, ambulances)Rescue system (communications, ambulances)

14Dec/02


Key Road Safety Problems in PDO:Key Road Safety Problems in PDO: SpeedingSpeeding Driver behaviourDriver behaviour Other road usersOther road users Lack of Defensive Driving SkillsLack of Defensive Driving Skills Impaired drivers: fatigueImpaired drivers: fatigue Journey ManagementJourney Management Load restraint practicesLoad restraint practices Management of (sub)-contractorsManagement of (sub)-contractors Use of private vehicles in the interiorUse of private vehicles in the interior

15Dec/02

There is no magic bullet in theThere is no magic bullet in the

combat against road accidents.combat against road accidents.Dick Twilhaar SPE article 6/2000

A road safety program must be: A road safety program must be: - A multi pronged attack- A multi pronged attack

- A long-term effort- A long-term effort

16Dec/02

Oman & PDO: Changing driving environment:Oman & PDO: Changing driving environment:

Oman: more vehicles, more drivers, more roads, more dead1980: 100.000 Veh 400 Fatalities1990: 225.000 Veh. 375 Fatalities1999: 450.000 Veh. 600 Fatalities

PDO’s infrastructure is changing (from graded only to graded & blacktop):1990: 60 km Blacktop (Fahud - Yibal)1999: 500 km Blacktop

2005: 850 km Blacktop

17Dec/02

Accidents are caused by Accidents are caused by threatsthreats created by created by

(In order of importance):(In order of importance):

The driver The other road users The roads and the environment The transport operation The vehicle The vehicle load/passengers

What follows is an overview of activities PDO currentlyWhat follows is an overview of activities PDO currentlyhas in place to control these threats?has in place to control these threats?

Road Safety Management: Threats and ControlsRoad Safety Management: Threats and Controls

18Dec/02

The transportThe transportsystemsystem

Other RoadOther RoadUsersUsers

The DriverThe Driver

Vehicle &Vehicle &LoadLoad

Roads &Roads &EnvironmentEnvironment

Accidents are caused by Accidents are caused by threatsthreats created by: created by:


19Dec/02

Road Safety Threats: Road Safety Threats: The driverThe driver Driver poor behavior (reckless, speed, maneuvers)Driver poor behavior (reckless, speed, maneuvers) Driver lack of competence (skill/knowledge)Driver lack of competence (skill/knowledge) Driver fatigueDriver fatigue Driver mental stressDriver mental stress Driver physical fitnessDriver physical fitness Driver poor visionDriver poor vision Driver disoriented (brain cramp)Driver disoriented (brain cramp) Driver alcohol/drugs/medicineDriver alcohol/drugs/medicine Driver loss of concentration (misc. reasons)Driver loss of concentration (misc. reasons)


20Dec/02

Road Safety Controls: Road Safety Controls: The driverThe driver Defensive Driving Courses: Driver competency assuranceDefensive Driving Courses: Driver competency assurance IVMS/DMS strategy: improving driver behaviorIVMS/DMS strategy: improving driver behavior Road Safety Monitoring Teams: 3 teams in interiorRoad Safety Monitoring Teams: 3 teams in interior Clear rules and specifications: SP-2000Clear rules and specifications: SP-2000 Safe Journey Management requirementsSafe Journey Management requirements No Night driving rulesNo Night driving rules Strong awareness campaigns: Strong awareness campaigns:

– Posters, Video’s, StickersPosters, Video’s, Stickers– PresentationsPresentations– CampaignsCampaigns

Hearts+Minds Road Safety Road Show : 99 & 2001Hearts+Minds Road Safety Road Show : 99 & 2001 Violation disciplinary rules: PDO & PoliceViolation disciplinary rules: PDO & Police Minimum age: 21 years old.Minimum age: 21 years old. Speed limiters on all vehicles.Speed limiters on all vehicles.


21Dec/02

Road Safety Threats: Road Safety Threats: The other road users

Driver poor behavior (reckless, speed, maneuvers)– Driver lack of competence– Driver fatigue– Driver loss of concentration (stress, alcohol, distracted, etc.)– Driver physical fitness– Driver poor vision

Animals (camels, goats, donkeys) Behavior of pedestrians


22Dec/02

Road Safety Controls: Road Safety Controls: The other road usersThe other road users

Yearly GCC Road Safety Week Campaign organised by PDO and distributed through Shell/BP/Al-Maha petrol stations

“Formulating National Road Safety Plan” workshop held 4/2001 attended by Police and Ministries involved in Road Safety

Interior awareness campaigns: Villages, Schools and Loacal Community Contractors

Regular contacts with National and local Police DDC: Defensive Driving Course for our drivers


23Dec/02

Road Safety Threats: Road Safety Threats: The roads + environmentThe roads + environment Obstruction (permanent/mobile: stones, equipment) Poor road maintenance Poor road design Poor visibility (dust, fog, rain) Poor visibility (night) Rain (slippery road/wadi’s) Objects above road; height restrictions Steep gradients Off road hazards Wind forces Heat & dehydration


24Dec/02

Road Safety Controls: Road Safety Controls: The roads + environmentThe roads + environment

““No Night Driving” policy No Night Driving” policy MAF/RAH Road Safety Panel: reviews all proposals in MAF MAF/RAH Road Safety Panel: reviews all proposals in MAF

industrial area.industrial area. Blacktopping of all major roads (500 km done, 300 km Blacktopping of all major roads (500 km done, 300 km

outstanding)outstanding) Condition based maintenance of graded roads: re-Condition based maintenance of graded roads: re-

sheeting/gradingsheeting/grading Road condition reporting by drivers: feed-back to Road condition reporting by drivers: feed-back to

repair/maintenance.repair/maintenance. Rationalizing Road signs Rationalizing Road signs Dust code: no over taking, get off the road when dust cloud Dust code: no over taking, get off the road when dust cloud

coming towards you, “lights on” on graded roads.coming towards you, “lights on” on graded roads.


25Dec/02

Road Safety Threats: Road Safety Threats: The transport operation

Poor supervision Logistics: unnecessary km’s Logistics: non-optimum fleet management Documentation unclear


26Dec/02

Road Safety Controls: Road Safety Controls: The transport operationThe transport operation

Road Transport Safety Program = Road transport HSE case– Rewrite of the HSE case based on “bow-tie” treath/control concept– Make it understandable to the users/drivers– Ranking and gap analysis of controls– Test HSE case against every RTA– Review by outside party (NSC/TRL)

KM reduction: organisation of primary/secondary logistics


27Dec/02

Road Safety Threats: Road Safety Threats: The vehicle Poor Tires: selection/pressure/condition Poor vehicle condition/maintenance

(major maintenance) Poor checks and minor maintenance to vehicle

(tyre change,oil/water check,battery acid, hot parts,rotating parts,hydraulic pressure)

Inappropriate for the task


28Dec/02

Road Safety Controls: Road Safety Controls: The vehicle PDO Vehicle specifications:

– Interior: 190 mm ground clearance, rollbars, high intesity rear lights.– First aid kits, triangles, AC, seatbelts on all seats, airbags, ABS breaks.

Tire specifications, inspections Pre-mobilsation inspections for all vehicles. Daily vehicle checks and defect reporting systems Monthly vehicles safety inspections/maintenance Yearly “MOT” type inspection by third party inspection

agencies (RAS: Roadworthiness Assurance System). Journey Management systems (trip/vehicle authorisation) Road Safety Monitoring Teams: road side vehicle inspections. Use of 2WD instead of 4WD: low center of gravity


29Dec/02

Road Safety Threats: Road Safety Threats: The load/passengers Overloaded/instability weight and distribution Bulk liquids movable weight Loads not correctly secured Oversized loads Load securing means working at height, chains, cheater

bars, load binders Hazardous nature of the load chemicals,gases,

radiation, high or low temperature,pressurised Passengers as "load" Dis/embarking, trips,height


30Dec/02

Road Safety Controls: Road Safety Controls: The load/passengers Load restraining procedures/specifications/competence

requirements (SP/2001) Weigh bridges and inspections of loads before release. RSMT and ROP road side checks Specialist Defensive Driving courses for bus and tanker

drivers. Mandatory seatbelt for all passengers Journey Management procedures: vehicle/driver

selection.


31Dec/02

Details: IVMS/DMSDetails: IVMS/DMSIVMS: IVMS: In Vehicle Monitoring SystemIn Vehicle Monitoring SystemDMS: DMS: Driver Merit System Driver Merit System

Details: IVMS/DMSDetails: IVMS/DMS

32Dec/02

Why IVMS/DMS ??Why IVMS/DMS ??

Influence driver behaviorInfluence driver behavior Less RTA’s:Less RTA’s:

– Reduce $$$ lossReduce $$$ loss– Reduce SufferingReduce Suffering

============================================================================================================

Trials (Syria & PDO): significant improvement driver Trials (Syria & PDO): significant improvement driver behavior behavior

Improves “Safe Journey Management” policingImproves “Safe Journey Management” policing Provides data for accident investigationProvides data for accident investigation


33Dec/02

IVMS/DMS: What is it?IVMS/DMS: What is it?

DMSDMS

IVMSIVMS


34Dec/02

HA / HB / SB / Li OFF

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Weeks

% o

f V

iola

tio

ns

Harsh Acceleration

Harsh Braking

Seat-belt OFF

Li OFF

PDO Pilot results Oct/00-Jan/01: it works !!!PDO Pilot results Oct/00-Jan/01: it works !!!Speeding 80/100 km/h zone

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Weeks

% o

f V

iola

tio

ns

Speeding 100km/h zoneSpeeding 80 km/hzone


35Dec/02

IVMS Cost: Much higher than “estimated” in 2001IVMS Cost: Much higher than “estimated” in 2001

HSE-SC 6/2001 11/2002HSE-SC 6/2001 11/2002

Once of installation cost:Once of installation cost:– 500-1,000 US$/vehicle 1,570 $/vehicle

(1,200 $ downward potential)

30- 50,000 $ infrastructure

Annual cost: Annual cost: – 150-250 US$/vehicle/yr 500 $/vehicle/year

(Admin, data download, (250 $ downward potential??) driver feedback)

– 100-250 US$/driver 100-250 $/driver/year(merit prizes)

**: Downward potential: no auto download & organization structure strategy


36Dec/02

IVMS Cost for 464 PDO vehicles (N, S IVMS Cost for 464 PDO vehicles (N, S && C): C):

One off investment:One off investment: 880,000 $880,000 $Operations Operations ( 3.5 yr)( 3.5 yr):: 628,000 $628,000 $Prizes Prizes (3.5 yr, 900 drivers @ 250 $/yr)(3.5 yr, 900 drivers @ 250 $/yr):: 750,000 $750,000 $

==================Total: 2,258,000 $Total: 2,258,000 $

Over 3 ½ year: Over 3 ½ year: 4,800 $/veh 4,800 $/veh

MD review 26/Oct: - Rejected: cost high, risk low MD review 26/Oct: - Rejected: cost high, risk low - Prepare “high risk” proposal- Prepare “high risk” proposal at lower total expenditure at lower total expenditure


37Dec/02

Cost comparison of PDO Road Safety activities:Cost comparison of PDO Road Safety activities:

PDO/Contractors: 12,000 drivers / 6,000 vehiclesPDO/Contractors: 12,000 drivers / 6,000 vehicles

DDC Courses ($3,400K one off + $800K/year) = $65/driver/yr

3 RSMT teams ($540K/year) = $90/vehicle/yr

Yearly RAS inspections ($300K/year) = $50/vehicle/yr

CSM/1 staff & campaigns (1,000,000$/year) = $80/driver/yr

Vehicle tracking (for Security): = $770/vehicle/yr$1,400/veh one off + $300$/veh/yr (over 3 years)150 vehicles in M/N/B/QA

IVMS/DMS ($880K one off + $628K/yr + $750K/yr =$1,370/vehicle/yr over 3.5 year)


38Dec/02

IVMS/DMS: strategy considerationsIVMS/DMS: strategy considerations

High cost The only technology that “measures” and “influences”

behavior of the “uncontrolled” driver Trials in PDO and Syria successful Option: Do nothing

– we will NOT get any experience Option: Implement on small scale

– get experience– relatively small cost– select “high risk” operations in “direct” PDO control– with experience and over time find lower cost options for larger scale

implementation– positive example for contractors


39Dec/02

Details of PDO’s newDetails of PDO’s new Defensive Driving Program Defensive Driving Program

40Dec/02

RTA analysis: problem areasRTA analysis: problem areas

Played role Played role in acc no: in acc no:

Young inexperienced driversYoung inexperienced drivers 3x 3x Other road users Other road users 5x5x Defensive drivingDefensive driving 10x 10x Blacktop instead of graded road Blacktop instead of graded road 10x 10x

Better Defensive Driving skills / Behavior Better Defensive Driving skills / Behavior

awareness could have mitigated these incidentsawareness could have mitigated these incidents

Defensive Driving Courses: detailsDefensive Driving Courses: details

41Dec/02

OLD PDO Driver Training:OLD PDO Driver Training:

Coast:– Only for young drivers (below 25 yrs): 8 hrs defensive driving– Others: None– No medical checks (vision/reactions)No medical checks (vision/reactions)

Interior:– 8 hrs “Interior Driver Skills” course every 3 years8 hrs “Interior Driver Skills” course every 3 years– No medical testing (vision/reactions)No medical testing (vision/reactions)– Strong emphasis on “graded/off road”Strong emphasis on “graded/off road”

Problems:Problems:– Does not address the changed environmentDoes not address the changed environment– Too infrequentToo infrequent– Concentrates on “skills” rather than “behaviour/attitude”Concentrates on “skills” rather than “behaviour/attitude”– No/very little competence assuranceNo/very little competence assurance


42Dec/02

Driver Competence Assurance Redesign: timingDriver Competence Assurance Redesign: timing

Data collection phase, options review Sept/00 Workshop with NSC + Training Institutes Oct/00 Complete new concept + implications Nov/00 Director endorsement framework Nov & March Courses detailed design Jan-April/01 Stakeholder consultation 11/March/01 Train the trainers May-June/01 Modify training contracts April-June/01 Implement new program 1/July/01 12,000 drivers to attend Jul/01-July/03


43Dec/02

Defensive Driving Course (DDC) development:Defensive Driving Course (DDC) development:

Defensive Driving Modules:Defensive Driving Modules:– Base design as per NSC (National Safety Council, International SC) Base design as per NSC (National Safety Council, International SC) – Heavily emphasise behaviour/attitude change of driver Heavily emphasise behaviour/attitude change of driver – Teach Defensive Driving techniquesTeach Defensive Driving techniques– ““Omanise” with major input from OTI/NTI/TATIOmanise” with major input from OTI/NTI/TATI– Accreditation of training providers by NSC Accreditation of training providers by NSC – 3 days “Train the Trainers” and accreditation by NSC3 days “Train the Trainers” and accreditation by NSC

Why NSC?Why NSC?– Common “standard” by all training providersCommon “standard” by all training providers– External accreditation of Local Companies by recognised bodyExternal accreditation of Local Companies by recognised body– Non-commercial entity: low cost material and updatesNon-commercial entity: low cost material and updates– Internationally recognised as one of the leaders in Defensive DrivingInternationally recognised as one of the leaders in Defensive Driving– Since 1963: 45 million people trainedSince 1963: 45 million people trained


44Dec/02

Principles Behind New Programme:Principles Behind New Programme:

Shift emphasis to defensive driving techniques Incorporate attitude and behavioural aspects Harness strengths of existing courses and combine with

expertise from international organisation Ensure courses meet needs of entire target audience Build in robust and consistent practical assessment


45Dec/02

AIM OF THEAIM OF THE

DEFENSIVE DRIVING COURSE:DEFENSIVE DRIVING COURSE:

To minimise death, injury and damage resulting from Road Traffic IncidentsTo minimise death, injury and damage resulting from Road Traffic Incidents


46Dec/02

Basic Starting program:Basic Starting program: 2 Day DDC : one off (no renewal) 1/2 Day Graded/Off-Road: one off (no renewal)

Assessment/Refresher program:Assessment/Refresher program: Yearly Professional Assessment Drive (1 to 1) Only for those that have attended the DDC Failed assessment: go back to DDC

For future review:For future review: Option of “Supervisory Assessment”: Q1/2002 Refresher for DDC (after 3 yrs ??): Q1/2003


47Dec/02

Driver Competence Assurance FrameworkDriver Competence Assurance Framework

DDC Light Vehicle Blacktop Roads

2 days (one off)

DDC Heavy Vehicle Blacktop Roads

2 days (one off)

Bus1/2 day

(one off)

Tanker1/2 day

(one off)

Yearly: Yearly: Professional Assessment Drive Professional Assessment Drive Test on knowledge of PDO-Rules Test on knowledge of PDO-Rules

Graded1/2 day

(one off)

++


48Dec/02

Day 1 (classclass room)

Module: Hearts and MindsHearts and Minds Driver ConditionDriver Condition Common Driving ErrorsCommon Driving Errors The Driving EnvironmentThe Driving Environment See and SurviveSee and Survive Vehicle ControlVehicle Control The Driving PlanThe Driving Plan Vehicle Safety SystemsVehicle Safety Systems

Day 2 (classclass/road)

Module: Before You DriveBefore You Drive Demonstration DriveDemonstration Drive Seat Belt Convincer Seat Belt Convincer Tutored Driving PracticeTutored Driving Practice Practical AssessmentPractical Assessment Driver Commitment (includes Driver Commitment (includes

written/oral test)written/oral test)

Defensive Driving Course StructureDefensive Driving Course Structure


49Dec/02

Classroom InstructionClassroom Instruction


50Dec/02

Vision testingVision testing


51Dec/02

Vehicle CheckVehicle Check


52Dec/02

Roll-overRoll-oversimulatorsimulator


53Dec/02

Demonstration-driveDemonstration-driveby instructorby instructor

Tutored driveTutored driveAssessment driveAssessment drive


54Dec/02

Defensive Driving Course Practical Assessment:Defensive Driving Course Practical Assessment:

In car checksIn car checks Observation / scanning / use of mirrorsObservation / scanning / use of mirrors Hazard awarenessHazard awareness Speed and DistanceSpeed and Distance Information (given/taken)Information (given/taken) JunctionsJunctions Stopped in trafficStopped in traffic PositioningPositioning BrakingBraking GearGear AccelerationAcceleration Leaves way outLeaves way out


55Dec/02

Safe Journey Safe Journey ManagementManagement

56Dec/02

SafeSafe Journey Management Journey Management

What ?What ? Why ?Why ? When ?When ? How ?How ? Who ?Who ?

57Dec/02

A system for A system for planning, authorisingplanning, authorising and and closing outclosing out journeys journeys

To reduce the To reduce the risk of accidentsrisk of accidents and enable and enable emergency response (man lost)emergency response (man lost)

What ?What ?

Why ?Why ?

When ?When ? All journeysAll journeys except journeys within towns, except journeys within towns, within 20km of a work site etcwithin 20km of a work site etc

How?How? Safe Journey Manager completes Safe Journey Manager completes Journey Journey Plan,Plan, gives copy to driver gives copy to driver

Driver rings SJM on reaching destination:Driver rings SJM on reaching destination:


58Dec/02

Who ? Responsibilities:Who ? Responsibilities:

Authorising Authorising PersonPerson

Guarantees the integrity of the Safe Journey Management system. The Authorising Person shall be a “Senior or Middle Manager”.

Safe Journey Safe Journey ManagerManager

Planning, monitoring and analysis of the journey and initiating emergency response procedures. The SJ Manager shall have completed the SJM course.

DriverDriver Responsible for vehicle, passengers and load and driving according to the journey plan.


59Dec/02

The Authorizing SJM PersonThe Authorizing SJM Person


Guarantees Integrity of JM System

Reduces the risks to ALARP

Authorises Journey Management System

Assures competence of JM and Driver

60Dec/02The Safe Journey ManagerThe Safe Journey Manager

Responsible for planning return/ onward journey

Initiates emergency procedures

Remains responsible for vehicle and driver until return to home base

Planning, monitoring and analysis of a journey


61Dec/02

Route

PlanningWeather

Conditions

Road

Conditions

Communications

Drivers

Operations

Area

Vehicles

What should a Journey Manager What should a Journey Manager know about ?know about ?


62Dec/02

AuthorityAuthority Competence: must have completed the SJM Competence: must have completed the SJM

coursecourse Familiarity with the Driving EnvironmentFamiliarity with the Driving Environment Local KnowledgeLocal Knowledge RecognitionRecognition

The Safe Journey Manager: Skills and attributesThe Safe Journey Manager: Skills and attributes


63Dec/02

The Safe Journey PlanThe Safe Journey Plan


64Dec/02

Night DrivingNight Driving

65Dec/02

PRINCIPLE:PRINCIPLE:

PDO and Contractor personnelPDO and Contractor personnel

shall not driveshall not drive

on graded or blacktop roads, or off road, on graded or blacktop roads, or off road, outside of the Muscat Capital outside of the Muscat Capital

or other urban areas during the night.or other urban areas during the night.


66Dec/02

Why not?Why not?

The drivers The drivers of these of these

vehicles vehicles allall collided with collided with

camelscamels in in the darkthe dark


67Dec/02

Exceptions to the Rule:Exceptions to the Rule:

Risk vs cost - night driving can be Risk vs cost - night driving can be authorisedauthorised if: if:

• Production loss: > 150mProduction loss: > 150m33 nett oil nett oil

• Unplanned operational costs: > US$15,000.-Unplanned operational costs: > US$15,000.-

• Journey camp/camp: <5 kmJourney camp/camp: <5 km

• Journey camp/worksite: <5kmJourney camp/worksite: <5km

• Journey camp/worksite on 24 hour ops (Rig, hoist): <15kmJourney camp/worksite on 24 hour ops (Rig, hoist): <15km

• EmergenciesEmergencies

• Planned Long distance Cargo Haulage using HGVsPlanned Long distance Cargo Haulage using HGVs

• Long distance Crew Changes using a heavy busLong distance Crew Changes using a heavy bus

• Well Services Hoist moves convoy (slow): up to 60kmWell Services Hoist moves convoy (slow): up to 60km


68Dec/02

For any night driving a planning effort is For any night driving a planning effort is alwaysalways required in order to reduce the risk to “as low as required in order to reduce the risk to “as low as reasonably practicable” (ALARP)reasonably practicable” (ALARP)

Always apply Safe Journey ManagementAlways apply Safe Journey Management


69Dec/02

The VehicleThe Vehicle

70Dec/02

Specification for the vehicle:Specification for the vehicle: Vehicle types:Vehicle types:

– Light (LV): max 4000 kg kerb (=MT) & max 8 passengers– Heavy Goods (HGV): >4000 kg kerb– Bus: Light = 9-25 passengers

Heavy = 26 or more passengers– Trailer: towed by a motor vehicle

NOT a vehicle but PLANT:NOT a vehicle but PLANT:– Cranes and handling equipment (forklifts)– Earthmoving & construction equipment (graders, bulldozers, etc)

Each vehicle type has specifications for:Each vehicle type has specifications for:– Base spec: for blacktop roads– Additional requirements for: graded roads– Additional requirements for: off-road

Vehicle SpecificationVehicle Specification

71Dec/02

Specification for Light Vehicle (main items):Specification for Light Vehicle (main items): Base Spec (blacktop):Base Spec (blacktop):

– Seatbelts for all seats (3-Point in front and rear outside seats)

– Luggage space separated from passengers

– ABS & 2 airbags for new vehicles registered after 1/Sept/2001

– First Aid kit - Fire extinguisher

– No bull-bar - Hazard triangle

– Radio/cassette - Air Conditioning

Add requirements Graded Roads:Add requirements Graded Roads:– Rollover bar - 190 mm ground clearance

– 2 high intensity rear lights - 2nd spare tyre

Add requirements Off-Road:Add requirements Off-Road:– 4WD with limited slip or diff-lock

Vehicle SpecificationVehicle Specification

72Dec/02

RASRAS

73Dec/02

The NEED for:The NEED for: RRoadworthiness oadworthiness AAssurance ssurance SStandardstandards

RASRAS

74Dec/02

RRoadworthiness oadworthiness AAssurance ssurance SStandardstandards

Managing: Managing: Maintenance & inspection of vehicles Maintenance & inspection of vehicles to ensure their roadworthiness.to ensure their roadworthiness.

All vehicles used in PDO Operations shallAll vehicles used in PDO Operations shallcomply with RAS.comply with RAS.

Contractors & PDO must comply with RAS:Contractors & PDO must comply with RAS:

Only use Vehicles (and sub-contract vehicles) which meet PDO Only use Vehicles (and sub-contract vehicles) which meet PDO Specifications, Vehicles maintained to RAS standard throughout Specifications, Vehicles maintained to RAS standard throughout the year, and that are RAS stickered annually.the year, and that are RAS stickered annually.

RASRAS

75Dec/02

1: 1: RAS InspectionRAS Inspection

by “RAS Approved” companies & inspectorsby “RAS Approved” companies & inspectorsa) RAS sticker prior to commencing work on Contracta) RAS sticker prior to commencing work on Contractb) annual renewal b) annual renewal

– Purpose: ensure vehicle complies with PDO standards. Purpose: ensure vehicle complies with PDO standards.

– Validity: RAS sticker issued for 12 monthsValidity: RAS sticker issued for 12 months

– Stickers: 1) Blacktop only 2) Blacktop & GradedStickers: 1) Blacktop only 2) Blacktop & Graded

– Currently 29 RAS Inspection stationsCurrently 29 RAS Inspection stations

2: 2: Monthly Safety CheckMonthly Safety Checkby owner in his workshops or by dealerby owner in his workshops or by dealer

– Purpose: maintain vehicles to RAS compliant standards Purpose: maintain vehicles to RAS compliant standards throughout year; between annual RAS inspections.throughout year; between annual RAS inspections.

– Concern: Are these being done? AUDIT!Concern: Are these being done? AUDIT!

RASRASMAIN REQUIREMENTS:MAIN REQUIREMENTS:

76Dec/02

3:3: Daily ChecksDaily Checks

by the driver, against a written/pictorial listby the driver, against a written/pictorial list– Purpose: spot and report defects for corrective action. Purpose: spot and report defects for corrective action. – Concern: Are these being carried out?Concern: Are these being carried out?

4: 4: RANDOM CHECKSRANDOM CHECKS by Road Safety Monitoring Teams (RSMT)by Road Safety Monitoring Teams (RSMT)at roadside or workshopat roadside or workshop

– random compliance check against PDO vehicle and RAS random compliance check against PDO vehicle and RAS maintenance standards.maintenance standards.

RASRAS

MAIN REQUIREMENTS:MAIN REQUIREMENTS:

77Dec/02

RAS Approved Inspection Companies:RAS Approved Inspection Companies:

CSM/1CSM/1 responsible for their competence and work quality. responsible for their competence and work quality.– Checked at least annually; more frequently if quality problems arise; Checked at least annually; more frequently if quality problems arise;

suspension.suspension.

Contractor Vehicle Standards:Contractor Vehicle Standards:

CH’sCH’s to act on RSMT defect reports. to act on RSMT defect reports. Ensure defects are rectified/closed out .Ensure defects are rectified/closed out .– Audit/Review performance with contractor.Audit/Review performance with contractor.– CHs to audit Drivers Daily Checks CHs to audit Drivers Daily Checks – CHs to audit Monthly Safety ChecksCHs to audit Monthly Safety Checks– Audit compliance with the Standards requirements.Audit compliance with the Standards requirements.

RASRAS

RESPONSIBILITIES:RESPONSIBILITIES:

78Dec/02

TOOLS to Assist Contract Holder:TOOLS to Assist Contract Holder: RSMT Reports:RSMT Reports: Category A, B, C, D, contractor Category A, B, C, D, contractor

specific, illustrates level of compliance with RASspecific, illustrates level of compliance with RAS RSMT with CH/CSR do RSMT with CH/CSR do vehicle maintenance systems vehicle maintenance systems

audits/inspectionsaudits/inspections at contractor vehicle workshops. at contractor vehicle workshops. Schedule through CSM/51.Schedule through CSM/51.RSMT issues audit/inspection report with advice on RSMT issues audit/inspection report with advice on correcting deficiencies.correcting deficiencies.

Full RAS details: TSM - Equipment Section (soon Full RAS details: TSM - Equipment Section (soon replaced by SP-2000).replaced by SP-2000).

Full RSMT reports: “Drive to Survive” web on SWW & Full RSMT reports: “Drive to Survive” web on SWW & WWWWWW

RASRAS

79Dec/02

It is “on the web”It is “on the web”

Where to find RAS Information on the webWhere to find RAS Information on the web

RAS:RAS:

80Dec/02List of RAS authorized inspection companiesList of RAS authorized inspection companies

It is “on the web”It is “on the web”List of approved contractors who are authorised to declare vehicles are roadworthy in accordance to Transport Standard Manual (TSM)ROADWORTHINESS ASSURANCE STANDARDS Rev: 26 November 2001

No Company Name Workshop Location

Light Heavy Eqpmt Own/Other Expires Address

1 Al –Turki Ent. Muscat (Ghala) L H E Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 2803, Ruwi - 1122 Al –Turki Ent. Nimr L H E Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 2803, Ruwi - 1123 Arabian Engineering Services Fahud L Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 1124 Arabian Engineering Services Lekhwair L Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 1125 Arabian Engineering Services Muscat (Ghala) H E Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 3000, Ruwi - 1126 Arabian Engineering Services Q. Alam L Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 1127 Bahwan Engineering Company BEC Muscat (Ghala) L H E Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 703, Ruwi - 1128 Veritas Geophysical Services Interior Mobile L H Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P.O.Box 100, P.C 1169 Galfar Engineering & Contracting Marmul L H E Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 533, Muscat - 11310 Galfar Engineering & Contracting Muscat (Ghala) L H E Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 533, Muscat - 11311 Galfar Engineering & Contracting Yibal L H E Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 533, Muscat - 11312 Halliburton Worldwide Fahud L H E Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 81, Mina Al Fahal - 11613 MB Petroleum Services Bahja L H Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 695, Muttrah - 11114 MB Petroleum Services Nimr L H E Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 695, Muttrah - 111

15 Mohsin Haider Darwish Muscat (Azaiba) L H Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 880, Ruwi - 11216 Oasis Trading & Equipment Co. Muscat (Ghala) L H E Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 2, Jibroo - 11417 Ofsat LLC Fahud L H E Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 138, Seeb Airport - 11118 Oman Trading Establishment (OTE) Fahud L H Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P.O.Box 175, P.C.11719 Oman Trading Establishment (OTE) Muscat (Ghala) L H E Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P.O.Box 175, P.C.11720 SATA LLC Muscat (Ghala) H Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 814, Muscat - 11321 Schlumberger Overseas Fahud L H Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 25 , Ruwi - 11222 Suhail & Saud Bahwan (SSB) Marmul at Nimr Road L H E Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 11223 Suhail & Saud Bahwan (SSB) Marmul inside PDO L Own 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 11224 Suhail & Saud Bahwan (SSB) Mawalei L H Own+Other 31-Dec-02 P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 11225 Suhail & Saud Bahwan (SSB) Muscat (Watayah) L Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 11226 Truckoman Muscat (Qurm) L H E Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 367, Mina Al Fahal - 11627 Truckoman Nimr L H E Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 367, Mina Al Fahal - 11628 Western Geco Interior Mobile L H Own 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 14, Mina Al-Fahal - 11629 Zubair Automotive Muscat (Azaiba) L H E Own+Other 30-Jun-02 P. O. Box 800, CPO Muscat - 111

RAS:RAS:

81Dec/02

RASRASDrivers Drivers

DailyDailyVehicleVehicle

ChecklistChecklist

It is “on the web”It is “on the web”RAS:RAS:

82Dec/02

RSMTRSMTRoad Safety Monitoring TeamRoad Safety Monitoring Team

83Dec/02

The need for the RSMTThe need for the RSMT

ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAMROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM

84Dec/02

Three RSM Teams:Three RSM Teams: Based in: Nimr, Qarn Alam, Fahud.Based in: Nimr, Qarn Alam, Fahud. One team rotates to MAF/RAH-Coast as required. One team rotates to MAF/RAH-Coast as required. Team members have a mechanical/workshop Team members have a mechanical/workshop

supervisors background.supervisors background.


Contract Holder: CSM/51Contract Holder: CSM/51

85Dec/02

RSMT Scope of Work/Tasks & Targets:RSMT Scope of Work/Tasks & Targets: Random vehicle & driver checks/coaching at roadside and Random vehicle & driver checks/coaching at roadside and

workshops (600 to 700 per month).workshops (600 to 700 per month). Follow up on defect close outs noted from aboveFollow up on defect close outs noted from above Vehicle Workshop/Maintenance System audits (with CH/CSR)Vehicle Workshop/Maintenance System audits (with CH/CSR) Technical RTA investigation assistance when requestedTechnical RTA investigation assistance when requested Safety Campaigns: Road Safety PresentationsSafety Campaigns: Road Safety Presentations Facilitating Drivers ForumsFacilitating Drivers Forums Pre-mobilisation vehicle inspections on request of CHPre-mobilisation vehicle inspections on request of CH RAS Approved Contractor audits for CSM/1RAS Approved Contractor audits for CSM/1

RSMT: Counsel and AdviseRSMT: Counsel and Advise


86Dec/02

RSMT REPORTING:RSMT REPORTING:

Data from checklists is processed Data from checklists is processed & categorised by: & categorised by: – Contractor, Contractor, – Asset/AreaAsset/Area– Fault category Fault category

Reported weekly, monthly, quarterlyReported weekly, monthly, quarterly Monthly reports to Contract HolderMonthly reports to Contract Holder All reports available published on RSMT pagesAll reports available published on RSMT pages

on the “Drive to Survive” website (SWW & WWW)on the “Drive to Survive” website (SWW & WWW)


87Dec/02

Non-Compliance Categories on RSMT reports: Non-Compliance Categories on RSMT reports: A: Serious mechanical defects that impact A: Serious mechanical defects that impact

safe operation of the vehicle safe operation of the vehicle– Immediate rectification requiredImmediate rectification required

B: Vehicle specifications or less serious faults. B: Vehicle specifications or less serious faults. – Three days to complyThree days to comply

C: Driver Dangerous DrivingC: Driver Dangerous Driving– Counselling, reportingCounselling, reporting

D: Non Compliance with PDO ProceduresD: Non Compliance with PDO Procedures– no RAS sticker, driver permit, Water Health Certificate, no RAS sticker, driver permit, Water Health Certificate,

SJM.SJM.

– Reported same day to PDO CH or CSRReported same day to PDO CH or CSR


88Dec/02

Purpose of RSMT reports:Purpose of RSMT reports: TOOL to Assist Contract Holder in identifying: TOOL to Assist Contract Holder in identifying:

– Poor Contractor vehicle maintenance standards, Poor Contractor vehicle maintenance standards, – Driver (mis)-behaviour, Driver (mis)-behaviour, – Non adherence to Road Safety Procedures.Non adherence to Road Safety Procedures.

CH Must FOLLOW UP with CONTRACTORSCH Must FOLLOW UP with CONTRACTORS– Improve performanceImprove performance– Set pro-active targets:Set pro-active targets:– eg. To reduce % of A & B defects in 2002,eg. To reduce % of A & B defects in 2002,


89Dec/02

RSMT Checklist RSMT Checklist used during used during

road-side road-side inspectionsinspections

RSMT: It is “on the web”RSMT: It is “on the web”RSMT: VEHICLE SPOT CHECK LIST NO :

DATE / LOCATION : OWNER :RSMT INSPECTOR : CONTRACTOR :

RANDOM CHECKY / N

CONTRACT HOLDER :

REG NO : FLEET NO. : CONTRACT NUMBER :

VEHICLE MAKE : MODEL: RAS INSPECTION DATE :

VEHICLE TYPE ( CIRCLE ) RAS INSPECTED BY :

LIGHT/GOODS(WITH CRANE MOUNTED),TANKER DRIVER NAME :BUS/TRAILER/MOBILE CRANE/FORKLIFT/GRADER/OTHER PDO PERMIT NUMBER :TRAILER DETAILS (WHERE APPLICABLE) REMARKS :REG NO. : RAS INSPECTION DATE :FLEET NO : RAS INSPECTED BY :

BLOCK - A (VEHICLE NOT TO BE USED UNTIL PROBLEM/S RECTIFIED)

NO DESCRIPTION STATUS DEFECTS FOUND1 SEAT BELTS2 ROLLOVER CAGE3 TYRES CONDITION4 SPEED LIMITER5 CRANES & MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT WITH INSPECTION OVERDUE6 STEERING DEFECTS7 TRANSMISSION DEFECTS8 SUSPENSION9 FUEL SYSTEM10 BRAKING SYSTEM11 OTHER SERIOUS DEFECTS

BLOCK - B ( TO BE RECTIFIED IN 3 DAYS )12 HIGH INTENSITY REAR LIGHTS13 HEAD / REAR & BRAKE LIGHTS14 GENERAL VEHICLE CONTENTS15 SPARE WHEELS16 WINDSCREEN, MIRRORS, SEATS17 FIRST AID BOX18 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS19 RADIO / CASSETTE20 AIR CONDITIONER21 HAZARD WARNING TRIANGLE22 ELECTRICS

BLOCK - C ( FOR ANY NON-COMPLIANCE, THE DRIVER TO BE COUNSELLED)23 DANGEROUS DRIVING

BLOCK - D ( PROCEDURAL NON COMPLIANCES,REPORTED IMMEDIATELY TO CONTRACTHOLDER)

24 HEALTH CERT.(WATER) SHOC CARD (CHEMICALS)

25 J OURNEY MANAGEMENT

26 COMPANY DRIVING PERMIT

27 RAS INSPECTION STICKER

VEHICLE SPOT CHECK CLOSE OUT FORM : Please return to the RSMT (OTI Mailbox)

90Dec/02Where to find RSMT Information on the webWhere to find RSMT Information on the web

RSMT: It is “on the web”RSMT: It is “on the web”

91Dec/02

The Rules: The Rules: Know, Understand and Follow themKnow, Understand and Follow them

92Dec/02

Why this session ??? Why this session ???

Colleagues have been hurt and killed because they did NOT Colleagues have been hurt and killed because they did NOT follow the simple ROP & PDO driving rules.follow the simple ROP & PDO driving rules.

We do not want this to happen to YOU.We do not want this to happen to YOU.

We want you to: We want you to: Know Know .

Understand Understand . Follow Follow .

the ROP & PDO road safety rules.the ROP & PDO road safety rules.

We want you to go home to your family safely.We want you to go home to your family safely.

93Dec/02

The driver must:The driver must: check that all wear their seatbeltcheck that all wear their seatbelt have valid ROP Driving License (for vehicle type)have valid ROP Driving License (for vehicle type) have a valid PDO Driving Permit (blacktop/graded)have a valid PDO Driving Permit (blacktop/graded) be 21 years or olderbe 21 years or older NO alcohol, drugs or medicineNO alcohol, drugs or medicine NEVER use a GSM (NOT even hands-off GSM)NEVER use a GSM (NOT even hands-off GSM) be rested: max driving hoursbe rested: max driving hours

LV: 2hrs/15min rest Max in 12 hr shift: 10 hrs drivingLV: 2hrs/15min rest Max in 12 hr shift: 10 hrs driving

HGV: 4hrs/1hr rest HGV: 4hrs/1hr rest Max in 12 hr shift: 10 hrs driving Max in 12 hr shift: 10 hrs driving be certified medically fit every 2 yrsbe certified medically fit every 2 yrs

The Rules for the DriverThe Rules for the Driver

94Dec/02


This driver fell asleep. He was lucky he survived!This driver fell asleep. He was lucky he survived!

Driver tired ??? Rest !!!Driver tired ??? Rest !!!

95Dec/02


Driver: NEVER use a GSM Driver: NEVER use a GSM NOT even hands-off GSMNOT even hands-off GSM

96Dec/02

Rules for the passenger:Rules for the passenger: DO wear your seatbeltDO wear your seatbelt DO NOT distract the driverDO NOT distract the driver DO STOP the driver if he takes risk or violates rulesDO STOP the driver if he takes risk or violates rules DO help the driver: point out a hazardDO help the driver: point out a hazard DO act like a buddy DO act like a buddy

The Rules for the PassengerThe Rules for the Passenger

97Dec/02

Rules for the journey/driving:Rules for the journey/driving: Follow ROP traffic rulesFollow ROP traffic rules All to wear seatbeltsAll to wear seatbelts SPEED: Comply with max Speed limits as indicated. SPEED: Comply with max Speed limits as indicated. Safe Journey Management (SJM) for trips over 20 kmSafe Journey Management (SJM) for trips over 20 km Comply with No-Night Driving RulesComply with No-Night Driving Rules Follow the dust codeFollow the dust code No “loose” passengers in cargo areaNo “loose” passengers in cargo area No cargo in passenger areaNo cargo in passenger area

The Rules for DrivingThe Rules for Driving

98Dec/02

Rules for Driving: dust codeRules for Driving: dust code

99Dec/02

Rules for Driving: seatbeltRules for Driving: seatbelt

100Dec/02

VehicleVehicle Maximum SpeedMaximum Speed

Type Limit (km/hr)Type Limit (km/hr)

LightLight 80 Graded80 Graded100 PDO BT100 PDO BT120 Gov BT120 Gov BT

HGVHGV 80 Graded80 Graded80 PDO BT80 PDO BT100 Gov BT100 Gov BT

L BusL Bus 80 Graded80 Graded100 PDO BT100 PDO BT120 Gov BT120 Gov BT

H BusH Bus 80 Graded80 Graded100 PDO BT100 PDO BT100 Gov BT100 Gov BT

These These maximum maximum speed-limits speed-limits apply only apply only when there are when there are no signs no signs specifying aspecifying a

lower limit!lower limit!

Rules for Driving: speed-limitsRules for Driving: speed-limits

101Dec/02

planning, authorising & closing journeysplanning, authorising & closing journeys

reduce accidentsreduce accidents emergency response (man lost)emergency response (man lost)

What ?What ?

Why ?Why ?

When ?When ? All journeys All journeys except: within 20km range or in towns except: within 20km range or in towns

How?How? Journey Manager makes Journey PlanJourney Manager makes Journey PlanDriver gets copy and Driver gets copy and follows planfollows plan

Driver rings SJM on reaching destination:Driver rings SJM on reaching destination:

Rules for Driving:Rules for Driving:SafeSafe Journey Management Journey Management

102Dec/02 The Safe Journey PlanThe Safe Journey Plan

Rules for Driving:Rules for Driving:SafeSafe Journey Management Journey Management

103Dec/02

PDO and ContractorsPDO and Contractors

shall not drive at night shall not drive at night

outside of the Muscat Capital outside of the Muscat Capital or other urban areasor other urban areas

Applies to : Applies to : blacktopblacktop & & gradedgraded

The rules: Night DrivingThe rules: Night Driving

104Dec/02

Why not?Why not?

These drivers These drivers hit ahit a

CamelCamel

in the darkin the dark


105Dec/02

Camels and Camels and obstacles:obstacles:

you will not you will not see them in see them in time!time!

They can end They can end your life.your life.

Do not drive at Do not drive at night !!night !!


106Dec/02

There can be exceptions to the Rule There can be exceptions to the Rule

but but these MUST always be these MUST always be

AuthorisedAuthorised by the responsible supervisorby the responsible supervisor

He knows the exceptions!He knows the exceptions!


107Dec/02

VehicleVehicle

Maintenance ChecksMaintenance Checks

1: 1: Yearly RAS Inspection Yearly RAS Inspection valid RAS stickervalid RAS sticker

2: 2: Monthly Safety Check Monthly Safety Check in workshopin workshop

3: 3: Daily ChecksDaily Checks by by DRIVERDRIVER

4: 4: Road side checks by RSMTRoad side checks by RSMT

The rules for the vehicle: RASThe rules for the vehicle: RAS

108Dec/02

Drivers Drivers DailyDailyVehicleVehicleCheckCheck

Use it !!!Use it !!!

The rules for the vehicleThe rules for the vehicle

109Dec/02

Know & Follow the Rules:Know & Follow the Rules:

• Seat-belts: alwaysSeat-belts: always

• NO Night Driving NO Night Driving

• Speed Speed

• Tired ?? Rest !!Tired ?? Rest !!

• Safe Journey ManagementSafe Journey Management

• Daily Vehicle InspectionsDaily Vehicle Inspections

• Dust CodeDust Code

The choice is yours: “Drive to Survive”The choice is yours: “Drive to Survive”

The Rules: Summary The Rules: Summary

110Dec/02

RolloversRollovers

111Dec/02

ROLLOVERSROLLOVERS

AGAIN ?AGAIN ?Yes: 10 in 1 month!Yes: 10 in 1 month!

112Dec/02

Here they are:Here they are: 21/Oct LTI Graded Mitsubishi 4WD DC-PU 26/Oct FAC Graded Toyota Hilux 4WD DC-PU 30/Oct LTI/Ptd Blacktop Toyota Prado 4WD 9/Nov LTI Blacktop Mitsubishi 4WD DC-PU 16/Nov LTI Graded Toyota Hilux 4WD DC-PU 18/Nov FAC Blacktop Toyota Hilux 4WD DC-PU 19/Nov FAC Graded Toyota Prado 4WD 20/Nov Dead Blacktop Toyota Prado 4WD 23/Nov No inj. Graded Isuzu 4WD DC-PU 24/Nov FAC Graded Isuzu 4WD DC-PU

DC-PU: Double Cab Pick-Up

Rollovers: againRollovers: again

113Dec/02

Classic S-pattern: veered to the right, pulled left (overcorrecting) and Classic S-pattern: veered to the right, pulled left (overcorrecting) and then pulled right again and rolled.then pulled right again and rolled.

16/Nov LTI 16/Nov LTI

Rollover !!Rollover !!

Straight Graded road BahjaStraight Graded road Bahja


114Dec/02

Common features of these rollovers:Common features of these rollovers: Speed (80 km/hr can be too fast !!)Speed (80 km/hr can be too fast !!) All are 4 WD high All are 4 WD high CCentre entre oof f GGravity carsravity cars 8 on straight roads8 on straight roads 8 classic “S” curves: 8 classic “S” curves:

– driver loses concentration and veers slowly left or rightdriver loses concentration and veers slowly left or right– wrong steering reaction: pulls hard left/rightwrong steering reaction: pulls hard left/right– wrong braking reaction: brakes whilst steeringwrong braking reaction: brakes whilst steering

4 on blacktop roads at high speed4 on blacktop roads at high speed 1 tyre blow-out, 1 junction/speed1 tyre blow-out, 1 junction/speed


115Dec/02

4WD are great cars: 4WD are great cars: They are strong (we think)They are strong (we think) They can go anywhere (almost)They can go anywhere (almost) You (almost) never get stuckYou (almost) never get stuck You sit high (good view)You sit high (good view) They are powerful & feel good (macho?)They are powerful & feel good (macho?) They are comfortableThey are comfortable They can carry a lot of load and peopleThey can carry a lot of load and people

BUT…….BUT…….


116Dec/02

But 4WD:But 4WD: Have a very high CoG: this means that they are more Have a very high CoG: this means that they are more

sensitive to rollovers.sensitive to rollovers. They do not brake that well: they are very heavy.They do not brake that well: they are very heavy. They do not steer and corner that well: they are heavy They do not steer and corner that well: they are heavy

and high.and high. They give a false sense of security: driver feels They give a false sense of security: driver feels

invulnerable at any speed.invulnerable at any speed. They are powerful and can go very fast: much too fast They are powerful and can go very fast: much too fast

for their handling ability.for their handling ability.


117Dec/02

Would you drive these cars in the same manner when Would you drive these cars in the same manner when taking a corner or bend ??? Of course NOT !!!taking a corner or bend ??? Of course NOT !!!

4WD High CoG car: adjust your driving & speed.4WD High CoG car: adjust your driving & speed.

Low CoGLow CoG

Rollovers & Rollovers & CCentre entre oof f GGravityravity

High CoGHigh CoG

118Dec/02

When driving a 4WD:When driving a 4WD: Adjust your driving style. Combination of:Adjust your driving style. Combination of:

– SpeedSpeed– Steering: no sudden changes of directionSteering: no sudden changes of direction– Braking: start braking earlier, keep more distanceBraking: start braking earlier, keep more distance

Keep heavy loads as low as possible: NOT on the Keep heavy loads as low as possible: NOT on the roof! High loads make the car more unstable. roof! High loads make the car more unstable.

Keep loads balanced to the centre/middle.Keep loads balanced to the centre/middle. Passengers are also load: they change the stability of Passengers are also load: they change the stability of

the car.the car.


119Dec/02

The classic “S” curve rollover:The classic “S” curve rollover:

Mistake 2: pull hard leftMistake 2: pull hard leftcould roll here alreadycould roll here already

Mistake 3: pull hard right Mistake 3: pull hard right

Mistake 1: lost concentrationMistake 1: lost concentration car moves slowly car moves slowly to the right (or left) to the right (or left)

Mistake 4: braking & turningMistake 4: braking & turning at the same time at the same time

Roll!! Roll!!

Roll? Roll?


120Dec/02

The classic “S” curve rollover:The classic “S” curve rollover:How to avoid it !!!How to avoid it !!!

Good re-action: Good re-action: Roll-out into the desert.Roll-out into the desert.Do NOT pull your steering Do NOT pull your steering wheel. Hold it tight and wheel. Hold it tight and straight with 2 hands.straight with 2 hands.Brake slowly to full STOP.Brake slowly to full STOP.Do NOT panic.Do NOT panic.

Mistake: Mistake: lost concentrationlost concentration car moves slowly car moves slowly to the right (or left) to the right (or left)


121Dec/02

How How to to protect yourself protect yourself against against rollover?rollover? Use a 2-WD instead of a 4-WD if possible.Use a 2-WD instead of a 4-WD if possible. If you drive a 4-WD: adjust your driving.If you drive a 4-WD: adjust your driving. Never make violent adjustments in Never make violent adjustments in

your steering & your braking, your steering & your braking, you must avoid an uncontrolled skid.you must avoid an uncontrolled skid.

Make sure Make sure a 4-WDa 4-WD has a roll-bar !!!!! has a roll-bar !!!!! Wear your seat belts !!!!!Wear your seat belts !!!!!

Your BELT can Save your LIFEYour BELT can Save your LIFE


122Dec/02

Traffic Law:Traffic Law:Reckless Driving PenaltiesReckless Driving Penalties

123Dec/02

Defensive DrivingDefensive Driving

Do you ??Do you ??

Why would you ??Why would you ??

What is in it for you ??What is in it for you ??

Traffic Law: Reckless Driving PenaltiesTraffic Law: Reckless Driving Penalties

124Dec/02

Good Reasons for Defensive Driving:Good Reasons for Defensive Driving:

- You will not hurt yourself- You will not hurt yourself- You will not hurt others- You will not hurt others- You will see your family again- You will see your family again- You will arrive in time- You will arrive in time- You will not cause suffering- You will not cause suffering- You will reduce your stress levels- You will reduce your stress levels

andand- You will NOT go to jail !!!! - You will NOT go to jail !!!! See the next slides and be warned !!!! See the next slides and be warned !!!!


125Dec/02

Royal Decree No 91/2001Royal Decree No 91/2001

Change to Article 50Change to Article 50Traffic Law (28/93)Traffic Law (28/93)as of 1-Nov-2001as of 1-Nov-2001


126Dec/02


127Dec/02

Penalty to driver:Penalty to driver:

Minimum: 1 year jailMinimum: 1 year jail Maximum: 5 year jailMaximum: 5 year jail

Will apply when accident leads to:Will apply when accident leads to:

DeathDeath Major injury (>10 days off work)Major injury (>10 days off work) Major damageMajor damage


128Dec/02

Penalty applicable when accident wasPenalty applicable when accident was

caused by driving: caused by driving:

in a rash manner without due care/diligencein a rash manner without due care/diligence under influence: alcohol, drugsunder influence: alcohol, drugs overtaking in dangerous placeovertaking in dangerous place overtaking where it is bannedovertaking where it is banned constitutes dangerconstitutes danger puts lives or property at riskputs lives or property at risk


129Dec/02

So now we have some otherSo now we have some other

reasons to drive defensively:reasons to drive defensively:

If you do not you could end up in jail for 1-If you do not you could end up in jail for 1-5 years5 years

Jail is very uncomfortableJail is very uncomfortable What would it do to your family ?What would it do to your family ?


130Dec/02

Load RestraintLoad Restraint

131Dec/02

““SAFELY SECURE LOADS”SAFELY SECURE LOADS”

A REMINDER…A REMINDER…

For drivers & their supervisorsFor drivers & their supervisors

October 2002October 2002

132Dec/02

Did you learn from this fatality?Did you learn from this fatality?

24/May/200224/May/2002

133Dec/02

No you did not !!No you did not !!

There are There are stillstill badly secured loads traveling on our roads today !!! badly secured loads traveling on our roads today !!!

See the next few slides ….See the next few slides ….

134Dec/02

This is a 45 ton bulldozer that fell off a low This is a 45 ton bulldozer that fell off a low bed trailer because…...bed trailer because…...


135Dec/02

• Only two chains were used:Only two chains were used:not enough for a 45 ton dozer!not enough for a 45 ton dozer!

• Steel tracks on steel low-bed: low Steel tracks on steel low-bed: low friction factor!friction factor!

• Poor supervision:Poor supervision:wrongly approved wrongly approved the loading the loading (staff not properly trained)(staff not properly trained)

• Driver:Driver:- too fast round a sharp bend - too fast round a sharp bend - braked harshly- braked harshly

Should have used: Should have used: - 4 chains- 4 chains- wood deck low-bed- wood deck low-bed

Driver should have:Driver should have:- travelled at speed safe- travelled at speed safe for load and road for load and road conditions conditions


136Dec/02

ANOTHER EXAMPLE :ANOTHER EXAMPLE :

• a 28 ton backhoe retained with just ONE chaina 28 ton backhoe retained with just ONE chain

• the rock-breaker is totally unrestrainedthe rock-breaker is totally unrestrained

Both would fall off in sharp or sudden turn:Both would fall off in sharp or sudden turn: and could easily kill someone...... and could easily kill someone......

Single chainSingle chainRock-breaker loose on Rock-breaker loose on the deckthe deck


137Dec/02

Wrong:Wrong:

• high bed trailerhigh bed trailer

• headboard split & broken: no protection to driver headboard split & broken: no protection to driver (would be crushed if load moved forward)(would be crushed if load moved forward)

• chains slack and wrongly positionedchains slack and wrongly positioned

Can you believe this??Can you believe this??


138Dec/02

• Very slack chainsVery slack chains

• No chocksNo chocks

• Incorrect chain anglesIncorrect chain angles

• Trailer bed is too narrowTrailer bed is too narrow

• Tyres overhang trailer: Tyres overhang trailer: an unstable load !an unstable load !


139Dec/02

It is not only large loads that It is not only large loads that are not being secured are not being secured correctly !!correctly !!

It also applies to “small” It also applies to “small” items.items.

This truck is loaded with oil This truck is loaded with oil drums: 2 drums stand loose! drums: 2 drums stand loose! These can easily fall over, These can easily fall over, roll around, get damaged and roll around, get damaged and leak. leak.


140Dec/02

Here is a tall wooden Here is a tall wooden crate restrained by a crate restrained by a web lashing which had web lashing which had broken and was knotted broken and was knotted in two placesin two places

Do not use lashings with knots: they are NOT strongDo not use lashings with knots: they are NOT strong.

Throw them away! Destroy them! Do NOT use them!


141Dec/02

Another totally unsecured load:Another totally unsecured load:

• six pallets of flexible water pipe with six pallets of flexible water pipe with no lashings or any other load no lashings or any other load restraint used restraint used

• a length of rope had been placed a length of rope had been placed across the top of the pallets, across the top of the pallets, probably for decoration!probably for decoration!

• web lashing belts should have been web lashing belts should have been usedused

• they were lucky this load did not fall they were lucky this load did not fall off……off……


142Dec/02

NOTE to Managers/Supervisors:• This presentation is a REMINDER of the importance of load safety and

good load securing. Prevent further accidents due to poor load securing. Follow the guidelines on the PDO-DtS web:http://www.pdo.co.om/hseforcontractors/dts/loads.htm

User Name: pdohse01 Password: contractor01

• A detailed specification (SP-2001) is being written and will be issued by end 2002.

• In the meantime: follow the British Department of Transport “Load Securing Code of Practice” which is available on the same website.

• Another excellent Australian load securing guide with more pictures and diagrams is also available on the same website.

• For further information: CSM/15 tel: 67-7956


http://www.pdo.co.om/hseforcontractors/dts/loads.htm

143Dec/02

Stop the killing on our roads:Stop the killing on our roads:Actions Required at a National LevelActions Required at a National Level

144Dec/02

Who are the players that can/must act:Who are the players that can/must act:

• GoverGover55nmentnment• Private sectorPrivate sector• Media: press, radio, TVMedia: press, radio, TV• DriversDrivers• CitizensCitizens• ParentsParents• Schools/TeachersSchools/Teachers

All play a role: All play a role: co-ordinated by the Nat Road Safety Committee/Planco-ordinated by the Nat Road Safety Committee/Plan


145Dec/02

Road Fatalities Holland: 1946-99Road Fatalities Holland: 1946-99

This is achieved This is achieved

by rigorous by rigorous

development & development &

implementation implementation

of aof a

National Road National Road

Safety PlanSafety Plan

Road Fatalities x 1000Road Fatalities x 1000

146Dec/02

The National The National

Road Safety Road Safety

Committee in Committee in

Oman: Oman:

development & development &

implementation implementation

of the of the

National Road National Road

Safety PlanSafety Plan


147Dec/02


Typical Nat Road Safety Plan:Typical Nat Road Safety Plan: Safer speedsSafer speeds Safer drivers:Safer drivers:

– training and testingtraining and testing– general road behaviourgeneral road behaviour– fatiguefatigue

Safer passengersSafer passengers Safer pedestriansSafer pedestrians Safer infrastructureSafer infrastructure Safer vehiclesSafer vehicles Safer rescue and post crash careSafer rescue and post crash care Safer systems Safer systems

EducationEducation EnforcementEnforcement EngineeringEngineering EncouragementEncouragement ++ Evaluation/adjustEvaluation/adjust

148Dec/02


GoverGover55nment: Nat Road Safety Committeenment: Nat Road Safety Committee• ROPROP• HealthHealth• MunicipalitiesMunicipalities• EducationEducation• FinanceFinance• TransportTransport• EconomyEconomy• InformationInformation


• DefenceDefence• Town planningTown planning• EnvironmentEnvironment• HousingHousing• Religious affairsReligious affairs• Chamber of commerceChamber of commerce• MOGMOG

149Dec/02


Private sector:Private sector:• Vehicle manufacturers/importers: Toyota, a.o.Vehicle manufacturers/importers: Toyota, a.o.• Insurance companiesInsurance companies• Oil companies: PDO, a.o.Oil companies: PDO, a.o.• Al-Maha / Shell / BPAl-Maha / Shell / BP• ONTCONTC• Transport companiesTransport companies• Galfar, Desert Line, a.o.Galfar, Desert Line, a.o.• Retailers/marketers/restaurants/advertisersRetailers/marketers/restaurants/advertisers• OPALOPAL


150Dec/02


Media: press, radio, TVMedia: press, radio, TV• Radio OmanRadio Oman• Oman TVOman TV• Arabic newspapers: Al Shabiha, Oman, Watan Arabic newspapers: Al Shabiha, Oman, Watan • English newspapers: Observer, Times of OmanEnglish newspapers: Observer, Times of Oman• MagazinesMagazines


151Dec/02


• Drivers: Drivers: you, me, us, themyou, me, us, them• Citizens: Citizens: you, me, us, themyou, me, us, them• Parents: Parents: you, me, us, themyou, me, us, them• Schools/TeachersSchools/Teachers• Play actsPlay acts• Religious bodiesReligious bodies• Women associationsWomen associations• etc, etcetc, etc


152Dec/02

Conclusion:Conclusion:

• Many actions Many actions (not a single golden (not a single golden bullet)bullet)

• Many players/sectors Many players/sectors (no one can do it alone)(no one can do it alone)• Strong co-ordination required: NRSCStrong co-ordination required: NRSC• NRSC supported by RS secretariat/specialistsNRSC supported by RS secretariat/specialists

&&

YOU can and MUST play a role:YOU can and MUST play a role:

as an as an institutioninstitution and as a and as a personperson


153Dec/02

For further information on PDO’s For further information on PDO’s

Road Safety Programs contact:Road Safety Programs contact:

Tony van Thiel, (968) 67-8759, CSM/1, [email protected] John Graham, (968) 67-8759, CSM/15, [email protected]

Or see our WWW site at:Or see our WWW site at: http://www.pdo.co.om/hseforcontractors/dts/

Username: pdohse01 Password: contrator01

http://www.pdo.co.om/hseforcontractors/dts/

154Dec/02

EndEnd

1dec/02 how does petroleum development oman manage road-safety ? an overview

Documents

road accidents

road safety performance

ltis road safety

rtas road safety management

3dec02 road transport

4dec02 road transport

vehicle details

rollovers details