1. Base your answer to the following question on the weather map below, which shows a weather systemthat is affecting part of the United States.

A) Moist air rises and becomes saturated in clean air.B) Moist air rises, becomes saturated, and condenses on microscopic particles.C) Moist air falls and reaches the dewpoint in clean air.D) Moist air falls, reaches the dewpoint, and condenses on microscopic particles.

Which sequence of events forms the clouds associated with this weather system?

Base your answers to questions 2 and 3 on thediagram below, which shows the frontal boundarybetween mT and cP air masses.

A) The warm air rises, expands, and cools.B) The warm air sinks, expands, and warms.C) The cool air rises, compresses, and cools.D) The cool air sinks, compresses, and warms.

2. Why do clouds and precipitation usually occur alongthe frontal surface?

A) cold front B) warm frontC) occluded front D) stationary front

3. If the front at ground level is moving toward city B. which type of weather front is shown?

A) cooled by expansion, causing water vapor tocondense

B) cooled by compression, causing water vapor tocondense

C) warmed by expansion, causing water vapor toevaporate

D) warmed by compression, causing water vapor toevaporate

4. A strong west wind steadily blew over Lake Ontariopicking up moisture. As this moist air flowed over theTug Hill Plateau, the plateau received a 36-inchsnowfall. This snow fell from clouds that formedwhen rising air was

A) condensation B) depositionC) evaporation D) infiltration

5. The flowchart below shows part of Earth's watercycle. The question marks indicate a part of theflowchart that has been deliberately left blank.

Which process should be shown in place of thequestion marks to best complete the flowchart?

A) condensation B) evaporationC) precipitation D) melting

6. By which process are clouds, dew, and fog formed?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

7. A diagram of the water cycle is shown below. Letters A through D represent the processes taking place.

Which arrow represents the process of transpiration?

A) compressing and coolingB) compressing and warmingC) expanding and coolingD) expanding and warming

8. Which two processes lead to cloud formation in risingair?

A) in January, when the pond is frozenB) in March, when the pond ice is meltingC) in May on a calm, sunny dayD) in July on a hot, windy day

9. When would the water in a Georgia pond evaporatefastest?

A) condensation B) convectionC) radiation D) transpiration

10. The flowchart below shows one process by whichmoisture enters the atmosphere.

The last step of this process is known as

A) cool and humid B) cool and dryC) warm and humid D) warm and dry

11. A container of water is placed in an open areaoutdoors so that the evaporation rate may beobserved. The water will probably evaporate fastestwhen the air is

A) condensation B) infiltrationC) runoff D) transpiration

12. Which process occurs when water vapor moves outof the leaves of a tree into the atmosphere?

A) rising ® expanding ® cooling ® condensation

B) rising ® contracting ® warming ® evaporation

C) sinking ® expanding ® warming ® condensation

D) sinking ® contracting ® cooling ® evaporation

13. Which sequence of events affecting moist air withinEarth's atmosphere causes cloud formation?

Base your answers to questions 14 and 15 on the diagram of the water cycle below. Letter A represents a process in the water cycle. Points X and Y represent locations on Earth's surface.

A) precipitation B) transpiration C) condensation D) saturation

14. The process represented by A is

A) condensation B) infiltration C) precipitation D) evaporation

15. Which process in the water cycle is directly responsible for cloud formation?

A) 1.0 km B) 1.5 kmC) 3.0 km D) 0.7 km

16. The diagram below shows air rising from the Earth'ssurface to form a thunderstorm cloud.

According to the Lapse Rate chart, what is theheight of the base of the thunderstorm cloud whenthe air at the Earth's surface has a temperature of20°C and a dewpoint of 12°C?

A) evaporation B) condensationC) infiltration D) precipitation

17. Which process requires water to gain heat energyfrom the environment?

A) Water in the wet towel is evaporating.B) Water in the wet towel prevents absorption of

heat energy.C) The dry towel receives more heat energy from

the Sun than the wet towel does.D) The dry towel has more room for heat storage

than the wet towel does.

18. Two identical towels are hanging on a clothesline ina sunny location. One towel is wet, the other is dry.What is one reason that the wet towel feels coolerthan the dry towel?

A) B)

C) D)

19. Which graph best illustrates the relationship betweenrate of evaporation and air temperature?

20. In which environment is the amount of transpiration usually the greatest?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Base your answers to questions 21 and 22 on the water cycle diagram shown below. Some arrows arenumbered 1 through 4 and represent various processes.

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

21. Which numbered arrow best represents the process of transpiration?

A) rises, expands, and cools B) rises, expands, and warmsC) sinks, compresses, and cools D) sinks, compresses, and warms

22. The clouds have formed primarily because moist air

A) hot, humid, and calmB) hot, dry, and windyC) cold, humid, and windyD) cold, dry, and calm

23. Under which atmospheric conditions will water mostlikely evaporate at the fastest rate?

Base your answers to questions 24 and 25 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earthscience. The diagram represents the water cycle. Letters A through C represent different processes inthe water cycle.

A) gain 334 Joules per gram B) gain 2260 Joules per gramC) lose 334 Joules per gram D) lose 2260 Joules per gram

24. In order for process A to occur, liquid water must

A) capillarity B) transpiration C) infiltration D) precipitation

25. Which process is represented by letter B?

A) B)

C) D)

26. All of the containers shown below contain the samevolume of water and are at room temperature. In atwo-day period, from which container will the least amount of water evaporate?

27. Base your answer to the following question on the reading passage about lake-effect snow and the radar image map below, and on your knowledgeof Earth science. The radar map shows areas where snowfall was occurring. The whitest areaindicates where snowfall was heaviest.

Lake-Effect SnowIn late fall, cold air originating in Canada and then moving over the Great Lakes often produceslake-effect snow in New York State.When the cold air mass moves across large areas of warmer lake water, water vapor enters the coldair. When this moist air moves over the cooler land, the moisture comes out of the atmosphere assnow. The effect is enhanced when the air that flows off the lake is forced over higher landelevations. The areas affected by lake-effect snow can receive many inches of snow per hour. As thelakes gradually freeze, the ability to produce lake-effect snow decreases.

A) air contracts as it sinks ® air warms to the dewpoint �® water evaporatesB) air expands as it rises ® air warms to the dewpoint ® water vapor condensesC) air contracts as it sinks ® air cools to the dewpoint �® water evaporatesD) air expands as it rises �® air cools to the dewpoint ® water vapor condense

Which list indicates the correct sequence in the formation of a lake-effect snow cloud?

A) Process 1 is transpiration; process 2 is runoff.B) Process 1 is precipitation; process 2 is runoff.C) Process 1 is condensation; process 2 is

infiltration.D) Process 1 is evaporation; process 2 is

infiltration.

28. The arrows in the diagram below represent processesin the water cycle.

Which processes in the water cycle are identified bythe numbered arrows?

A) B) C) D)

29. The letters A through D in the cross section below represent four of the processes that are part of thewater cycle.

Which table correctly matches each letter with the process that it represents

A) raising the air temperature within the cloudsB) providing condensation nucleiC) lowering the relative humidity within the

cloudsD) increasing the energy absorbed during

condensation and sublimation

30. People sometimes release substances into theatmosphere to increase the probability of rain by

A) warm temperatures, calm winds, and highhumidity

B) warm temperatures, high winds, and lowhumidity

C) cold temperatures, calm winds, and lowhumidity

D) cold temperatures, high winds, and highhumidity

31. Under which set of atmospheric conditions doeswater usually evaporate at the fastest rate?

A) clearing skiesB) cloud formationC) decreasing relative humidityD) increasing temperature

32. Which event will most likely occur in rising air?

A) saturated and have no condensation nucleiB) saturated and have condensation nucleiC) unsaturated and have no condensation nucleiD) unsaturated and have condensation nuclei

33. In order for clouds to form, cooling air must be

A) saturated and have no condensation nucleiB) saturated and have condensation nucleiC) unsaturated and have no condensation nucleiD) unsaturated and have condensation nuclei

34. In order for clouds to form, cooling air must be

A) The air temperature is above the dewpoint, andno condensation nuclei are present.

B) The air temperature is at the dewpoint, andcondensation nuclei are abundant.

C) The relative humidity is zero, and condensationnuclei are abundant.

D) The air temperature and air pressure are stable,and condensation nuclei are scarce.

35. Under which conditions is a cloud most likely toform at the Earth's surface?

A) expands and coolsB) expands and warmsC) contracts and coolsD) contracts and warms

36. Cloud formation is likely to occur in rising airbecause rising air

A) decrease B) increaseC) remain the same

37. Moisture is evaporating from a lake into stationaryair at a constant temperature. As more moisture isadded to this air, the rate at which water willevaporate will probably

A) rising of cold, moist airB) sinking of cold, moist airC) rising of warm, moist airD) sinking of warm, moist air

38. The diagram below shows a cross section of a coldfront.

The cloud formation and precipitation shown in thecross section are caused by the

A) A B) B C) C D) D

39. The table below shows the air temperature anddewpoint at each of four locations, A, B, C, and D.

Based on these measurements, which location hasthe greatest chance of precipitation?

A) precipitation B) transpirationC) condensation D) absorption

40. By which process do plants add water vapor to theatmosphere?

A) a decrease in wind velocityB) a decrease in the amount of insolationC) an increase in the surface area of the lakeD) an increase in the moisture content of the air

41. The rate of evaporation from the surface of a lakewould be increased by

A) April 27 at 10 a.m. B) April 28 at 10 a.m.C) April 28 at 4 p.m. D) April 29 at 4 a.m.

42. The graph below is a computer-generated forecast ofair temperature and dewpoint for a city during aperiod of 2 days.

At which time during this period is the rate ofevaporation expected to be highest?

A) frost B) hail C) fog D) dew

43. Which substance is a form of precipitation?

A) condense, causing the wet-bulb temperature tobe higher than the air temperature

B) condense, causing the wet-bulb temperature tobe equal to the air temperature

C) evaporate, causing the wet-bulb temperature tobe lower than the air temperature

D) evaporate, causing the wet-bulb temperature tobe equal to the air temperature

44. A student uses a sling psychrometer outdoors on aclear day. The dry-bulb (air) temperature is 10°C.The water on the wet bulb will most likely

A) condensation B) transpirationC) precipitation D) radiation

45. Which process most directly results in cloudformation?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

46. The arrows in the diagram below represent themovement of water in the water cycle.

Which arrow represents the process of transpiration?

A) decreasing the water's temperatureB) decreasing the air movement over the water's

surfaceC) increasing the water's surface areaD) increasing the air pressure over the water's

surface

47. What is the most effective method for increasing therate of evaporation of a given amount of water?

A) frost B) snow C) dew D) fog

48. Which is a form of precipitation?

A) B)

C) D)

49. Which graph best represents the relationshipbetween the moisture-holding capacity (ability tohold moisture) of the atmosphere and atmospherictemperature?

A) evaporation and transpirationB) infiltration and capillarityC) freezing and precipitationD) water retention and runoff

50. Which processes of the water cycle return watervapor directly to the atmosphere?

A) the landB) the oceansC) lakes and streamsD) ice sheets and glaciers

51. The greatest source of moisture entering theatmosphere is evaporation from the surface of

A) transpiration occursB) the relative humidity falls below 50%C) the atmosphere becomes saturatedD) the temperature of the atmosphere becomes

greater than the dewpoint temperature

52. Liquid water will continue to evaporate from theEarth's surface, increasing the amount ofatmospheric water vapor, until

A) B)

C) D)

53. All of the glass containers shown below contain thesame amount of water and are receiving the sameamount of heat energy. In a given amount of time,the most water will evaporate from whichcontainer?

A) cumulus clouds always formB) no dust is present in the airC) the air temperature drops below 0°CD) the air temperature equals the dewpoint

temperature

54. The base of a cumulus cloud was determined to be500 meters above the Earth's surface. This is thealtitude at which

A) water evaporates from the skinB) water condenses on the skinC) salt is absorbed through the skinD) radiation is absorbed through the skin

55. When a person leaves the ocean after swimming on awindy day, the person usually feels cold because

A) B)

C) D)

56. Which graph best represents the relationshipbetween water droplet size and the chance ofprecipitation?

A) soil-moisture storageB) rivers and lakesC) melting glaciersD) oceans

57. The primary source of most of the moisture for theEarth's atmosphere is

A) condensation and precipitationB) radiation and cementationC) conduction and convectionD) evaporation and transpiration

58. Most water vapor enters Earth’s atmosphere by theprocesses of

A) temperatureB) wind velocityC) exposed surface areaD) moisture content of the air

59. The graph below represents how the rate ofevaporation of water is affected by a variable, X.

Which variable is most likely represented by X?

A) The atmosphere warms.B) Cloud cover decreases.C) Moisture enters the atmosphere.D) Moisture leaves the atmosphere.

60. Which event is a direct result of transpiration andevaporation?

A) contracts and coolsB) contracts and warmsC) expands and coolsD) expands and warms

61. Clouds usually form when moist air rises becausethe air

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

62. The arrows in the block diagram below show themovement of water after it has fallen asprecipitation.

Which arrow indicates the process of transpiration?

63. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below. The graph shows air temperature andrelative humidity at a single location during a 24-hour period.

A) 11 p.m. B) 6 a.m. C) 10 a.m. D) 4 p.m.

At which time would the rate of evaporation most likely be greatest?

A) The water droplets are too small to fall.B) The cloud is water vapor.C) The dewpoint has not yet been reached in the

cloud.D) There are no condensation nuclei in the cloud.

64. Why is it possible for no rain to be falling from acloud?

A) air temperature reaches the dewpointB) evaporation has warmed the surrounding airC) relative humidity is 0%D) condensation nuclei have been removed from

the air

65. Clouds usually form when

A) Condensation is the primary source of moisturefor the atmosphere.

B) Energy is required for evapotranspiration.C) Precipitation at a given location depends on

surface area.D) Transpiration moves moisture from the plant

into the atmosphere.

66. The diagrams below show the setup and results of anexperiment.

Which statement best explains the results of theexperiment?

A) cool, humid, and windyB) cool, dry, and calmC) warm, humid, and calmD) warm, dry, and windy

67. A container of water is placed in an open outdoorarea so that the evaporation rate can be observed.The water will most likely evaporate fastest whenthe weather is

A) calm, dry, cold B) moist, cold, windyC) calm, moist, hot D) dry, hot, windy

68. Which atmospheric condition will cause the greatestamount of evaporation from the surface of a lake?

A) raindrops B) ozoneC) ice crystals D) sleet

69. The table below shows air temperatures and dewpoint temperatures at different elevations above sealevel.

Clouds that form at an elevation of 3 kilometers willmost likely be composed of