1996: Clinton (D) vs. Dole (R)

• 1) Dole’s age.• 2) Economy on the rise.• 3) Affirmative Action• 4) Very low voter turnout!

Dole

2000: Bush (R) vs. Gore (D)

• 1) Gore’s personality.• 2) Lesser of two evils.• 3) Gore won popular vote, Bush won

electoral college. (Sup. Ct.)

Bush and Gore

2004: Bush (R) vs. Kerry (D)• 1) War on Terrorism/Iraq• 2) Military service record.• 3) Could Kerry be tough enough?

Kerry

2008: McCain (R) v. Obama (D)

• 1. Economy• 2. Gas Crunch• 3. War in Iraq/Terrorism• 4. Female VP/Young minority Pres.• 5. McCain assn. with Bush

McCain and Obama

Sec.3: Elimination of Voting Barriers

• A. Voting=suffrage, franchise=a reserved power• 1. A political (not civil) right: not given to all but only

those who qualify.• 2. Electorate refers to those persons qualified to

vote=Roughly 200million• 3. 2 Long-term trends have marked development of

right to vote in U.S.• a) Size of electorate has steadily increased.• b) Fed gotten involved in supervising elections.

• B. Historical Limitations• 1. Property ownership• 2. Religion• 3. Poll tax• 4. Gender• 5. Condition of servitude• 6. Race• 7. Literacy Test• 8. Grandfather clause: Kept blacks from voting after

15th amd. Ruled illegal.

• C. Constitutional Guarantees• 1.15th: Race• 2. 19th: Gender• 3. 24th: Poll taxes• 4. 26th: 18 year olds.• 5. 17th: Vote for Senators• 6. 23rd: Washington D.C.• 7. 14th: Equal Protections Clause