1

2

1958

331

3

500،000200

85000

85

50006000

501030

5000

25050

150

4

5

250

Surfactants

6

Coliform Organisms

Biological

Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

Total Oxygen Demand (TOD)

pH

7

Process loading

criteria

FlocculationFlotation

8

Gas Transfer

Aerobic

processesAnaerobic processes

Anoxic denitrificationFacultative

processesMicroaerophils

Carbonaceous BOD removalNitrification

DenitrificationStabilization

SubstrateSuspended-growth processes

Attached-growth processes

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

9

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Microbial Metabolism

The

activated sludge processThe suspended-

growth nitrification process Aerated lagoons

The aerobic digestion process

Aerobic attached-growth treatment

processesTrickling filter

Rotating biological contactor (RBC)

Anaerobic digestion

Denitrification

Simultaneous nitrification and

10

denitrification (SND)Anaerobic

ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process